Academic literature on the topic 'Tailings dump'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tailings dump"
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Lyashenko, V. I., V. I. Golik, and V. Z. Dyatchin. "Increasing environmental safety by reducing technogenic load in mining regions." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 7 (2020): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-7-529-538.
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One of the most problematic points in technology for storing ore enrichment waste materials with hardener admixture into underground mined space and tailing dumps are the tailings of hydrometallurgical plant (HMP). They are supplied through a slurry pipeline to the tailing dump in form of pulp with solid to liquid mass ratio of 1:2. Liquid phase of the pulp after gravity separation and clarification in tailing dump is returned to technological cycle of HMP. Storage technology under consideration has several disadvantages: high nonrecurrent capital costs for construction of tailing dump at full design capacity; high probability of harmful chemicals migration into groundwater if protective shields of the base or sides of tailings are damaged. The authors have used data from literature and patent documentation considering storage parameters, laboratory and production experiments, physical modeling and selection of compositions of hardening mixtures. Analytical studies, comparative analysis of theoretical and practical results by standard and new methods were performed. Possibility of using hardening mixtures with adjacent production wastes used as binders was established. Optimal composition of ingredients per 1 m3 of hardening mixture is proposed as follows: 1350 – 1500 kg of HMP tailings; 50 - 70 kg of binder (cement); 350 liters of mixing water. Proposed technology of ore enrichment waste storage into underground mined space and tailings with hardener admixture application allows using underground mined space at the enterprise production capacity of 1,500 thousand tons per year to store 50 – 55 % of tailings, and store the rest wastes cemented by binding material in repository. When filling the entire area of the tailing dump mirror of 10 m height with cemented tails and HMP capacity of up to 1.5 million tons per year, its operation life is extended by 50 years.
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Štirbanović, Zoran, Igor Miljanović, and Zoran Marković. "Application of Rough Set Theory for Choosing Optimal Location for Flotation Tailings Dump / Zastosowanie Teorii Zbiorów Przybliżonych Do Wyboru Optymalnej Lokalizacji Składowiska Odpadów Poflotacyjnych." Archives of Mining Sciences 58, no. 3 (2013): 893–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0062.
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Abstract Flotation tailings dumps represent a potential threat to the environment. To corroborate this, numerous environmental disasters have occurred worldwide in the past. Pollution caused by breaking of tailings dump dams and overflowing of hazardous materials is still present, after several decades, and continue to threaten the environment. This paper presents a method for determining the most appropriate location for the flotation tailings dump using rough set theory. The review of the criteria that influence the choice of flotation tailings dump location is given. Based on these criteria, an analysis and evaluation of the proposed locations for the flotation tailings dump are done using rough set theory and the most suitable location that meets all the requirements is suggested.
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Obradović, Ljubiša, Sandra Milutinović, Srđana Magdalinović, and Sanja Petrović. "Auscultation of the RTH flotation tailing dump in Bor with reference to the stability of dams and dykes at the tailing dump." Mining and Metallurgy Engineering Bor, no. 2 (2022): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mmeb2202059o.
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The RTH flotation tailing dump, located in the old open pit RTH in Bor about 500 m southeast of the Flotation Plant, has been in continuous operational work since 1985. The flotations tailing dumps are important mining facilities that are constantly changed during their exploitation period. Due to the changes occurring in the tailing dump during its exploitation, it is necessary to perform a continuous technical and technological surveillance-auscultation in order to collect parameters in real time to predict the phenomena, which will enable the normal exploitation of tailing dump. This paper presents the current state of the flotation tailing dump RTH, based on the auscultation monitoring program, carried out in the period August 2020 to February 2021. As for the normal exploitation of the flotation tailings dump in safe and stable conditions, a special attention is paid in this paper to the stability analysis of the dams I and II, as well as the sand dyke between them.
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Tymoshchuk, V., and Y. Tymoshchuk. "Mathematical modeling of the geomechanical stateof a manufactured rock mass under the conditionsof seismic loading." Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 74 (September 2023): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/74.163.
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The aim of the study is to predict the geomechanical stability of the bottom slope of the operating tailing dump PJSC ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rihunder the conditions of the main and emergency load combination. Research methods. The geomechanical stability of the tailing dump bottom slope under seismic loading was assessed based on the results of numerical modeling of hydrodynamic and geomechanical processes using the Phase2 software package implemented on the basis of the finite element method for two-dimensional analysis of the stress-strain state of loaded rock masses. Research results. Based on the analysis and synthesis of data on geological, hydrogeological, engineering, geological and technical conditions of the tailings slope, a predictive assessment of the hydrodynamic regime of the tailings slope was performed in accordance with the adopted scheme of its expansion and the geomechanical stability of the tailings slope under the action of the main and emergency combination of loads was determined. Based on the results of the calculations, the measures and technical solutions aimed at ensuring the normalized stability of the tailing dump are substantiated. Scientific novelty. The dependence of the geomechanical stability of the hydraulic structure on the physical condition of the rocks stored in the tailings dump and the nature of their watering under seismic loading was established, which made it possible to substantiate measures to ensure the stability of the tailings dump's lower slope, which consist in organizing the efficient operation of individual structures and elements of the drainage system, as well as excluding the storage of rock material with reduced filtration permeability in the contour zone of the upper part of the tailings dump slope. Practical significance. The results of the performed research form the basis for substantiating technical solutions to ensure the stability of hydraulic structures under seismic loading.
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Ioniţă, Madalina-Flavia, and Sorin-Mihai Radu. "Assessment of the Pollution Level and Determination of the Geo-Accumulation Index of Heavy Metals in the Soil from the Old Funicular Dump Area – Uricani." Mining Revue 30, s1 (2024): 98–105. https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2024-0046.
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Abstract As a result of the mining activities carried out in the Jiu Valley, tailings dumps resulted. Currently, some of these tailing dumps are greened, some are inactive, and some of them are still active within operational exploitation perimeters. In order to capture the negative effects of these deposits, in this work an assessment of the degree of contamination will be carried out and the level of geo-accumulation of heavy metals will be determined in the soil in the area of the Old Funicular dump, an inactive one for about 12 years. The dump was formed following the deposition of tailings resulting from coal mining in the Uricani mine. The main purpose is to identify the types and concentrations of heavy metals present in the soil and determine the level of accumulation of these metals in a certain area. The study involved the collection of soil samples from 17 sampling points, followed by detailed chemical analyses to determine the concentrations of heavy metals present in the soil at the tailings dump. The results indicated variable levels of heavy metal contamination, with concentrations exceeding the normal value of these heavy metals in soil in certain areas. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) was calculated to assess the degree of accumulation of each heavy metal in soil. The Igeo values obtained varied from slightly polluted to moderately polluted, suggesting a significant influence of mining activities on the soil in this area. The conclusions of the study emphasize the need to implement phytoremediation measures and continuous monitoring to prevent ecological and human health risks.
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Yang, Kai, Shu Ran Lv, and Chun Xue Wang. "Numerical Analysis of Safety on Waste-Dumping Cover-Slope out of the Tailings Dam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.178.
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Mining companies intend to solve the problem of waste dump and reduce the production cost by dumping a large number of waste soils to cover slope outside the running tailings. Therefore, in order to discuss the safety of waste dump slope covering in front of the tailings dam, numerical method was adopted to study the seepage-line change law, the pore water pressure and anti-sliding safety before and after the waste dump covering out of tailings dam. The researches show that the key to waste-dump slope safety are the drainage performance of waste dump bottom layer and the anti-sliding safety of waste dump soil. The appropriate waste dump slope work can improves the tailings dams safety and solves the waste dump problem in mining production.
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Goryachev, A. A., P. V. Amosov, А. A. Kompachenko, et al. "Study of Air Polluted by Microparticles in the City of Apatity, Murmansk Region." Ecology and Industry of Russia 27, no. 7 (2023): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-7-30-35.
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Surface layers of apatite-nepheline ores mill tailings were analyzed. During the snowless period in2022, the dynamics of PM2.5 and PM10 dust concentrations in the atmosphere air of Apatity, Murmansk Region, was studied. Excess of MAC of sparingly solubles were detected. Mineralogical analysis of tailings and dust samples were carried out, the presence of nepheline and sodalite was detected, which confirms the involvement of tailing dumps of apatite-nepheline processing plants in air pollution. It was concluded that, in addition to the tailing dump, transport and other industrial sites have a significant impact on the atmosphere air, since airborne dust samples contain small particles of oxidized iron, plastic, glass, and metal scale. The role of green areas in buffer zones and within the boundaries of urban development was emphasized.
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Yurkevich, Nataliya, Irina Fadeeva, Elizaveta Shevko, Alexey Yannikov, and Svetlana Bortnikova. "Modeling the Process of Thawing of Tailings Dam Base Soils by Technological Waters." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (2021): 11089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311089.
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The storage of wastes from mining and mineral processing plants in the tailing dumps in regions with cold climates has a number of environmental consequences. Interactions of water with tailings in cold climates often lead to the thawing of permafrost soils, formation of technogenic thawing zones, and leakage of drainage waters. In the case of fault zones development in these areas, technogenic solutions are often filtered outside the tailing dump, promoting further development of filtration channels. In order to prevent leakage of solution from tailing dumps over time, it is necessary to determine the thawing zones and prevent the formation of filtration channels. In the case of the formation of a filtration channel, it is necessary to know what rate of rock thawing occurred near the formed filtration channel. In this study, for the tailing dump of a diamond mining factory, we calculated two exothermic effects: (1) due to physical heating of dump rock by filtering industrial water with temperatures from 2 to 15 °C through the rock; and (2) due to the chemical interaction of industrial water with the dam base rock. The amount of energy transferred by the water to the frozen and thawed rock over 10 years was calculated using thermophysical modeling and was 207.8 GJ and 8.39 GJ respectively. The amount of energy that the rock received during the ten-year period due to dissolution of the limestones and equilibration of solutions was calculated using thermodynamic modeling and was 0.37 GJ, which is 4.4% of the average amount of energy, expended on heating the thawed rock (8.39 GJ).
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Khrapay, Ekaterina S., Anna A. Kuzina, Sergey I. Kolesnikov, Tatiana V. Minnikova, and Kamil Sh Kazeev. "Assessment of the Soil Health of a Reclaimed Tailings Dump by Phytotoxicity Indicators." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2024-1-162-168.
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The processes of extraction and enrichment of metal ores are accompanied by the formation of waste containing pollutants, including heavy metals. To reduce the impact on the environment, after decommissioning of the tailings dump, in which enterprises store waste, reclamation is carried out. In this study, the phytotoxic properties of the soil of the reclaimed tailings pond of the Urup mining and processing plant, using radish seeds (Raphanus sativus L. var. Radicula). As a result, it was found that the soils of the reclaimed tailing dump have a satisfactory level of phytotoxic indicators, from which it can be concluded that high-quality reclamation.
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Makarov, V. P., and N. Yu Mikheeva. "Concentrations of chemical elements in the leaves of Populus suaveolens Fischer and Betula pendula Roth at the facilities of the gold deposit of Eastern Transbaikalia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1212, no. 1 (2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1212/1/012034.
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Abstract The concentration of 50 chemical elements in the leaves of Populus suaveolens Fischer and Betula pendula Roth growing in tailings dumps and dumps of gold deposits in Eastern Transbaikalia (Baley) was studied. It was found that the highest concentration of most elements was in the leaves of plants growing at the ZIF-2 tailings dump, and the lowest was on the sands of the thorium tailings dump and sand–pebble soil at the dredge gold mining site. Populus suaveolens differed from Betula pendula by a higher concentration of most chemical elements. A feature of the elemental composition of birch was a significant concentration of Mn and Ba in relation to poplar. The concentration of a number of chemical elements significantly exceeded the clark of terrestrial plants, as well as the maximum permissible levels of concentration of elements established for feed and medicinal plant raw materials.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tailings dump"
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Ongori, Joash Nyakondo. "In-situ measurements and calculation of radon gas concentration and exhalation from a tailings mine dump." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4539.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>In Africa as well as in the world, South Africa plays an important role in the mining industry which dates back almost 120 years. Mining activities in South Africa mainly take place in Gauteng Province. Every year millions of tons of rocks are taken from underground, milled and processed to extract gold. Uranium is one of the minerals which is mined as a by-product of gold. The uranium bearing tailings are then placed on large dumps which are usually one or more kilometres in diameter in the environment. There are approximately 250 gold mine tailings dumps covering a total area of about 7000 ha. These gold mine tailings dumps contain considerable amounts of radium (226Ra) and have therefore been identified as large sources of radon (222Rn). Radon release from these tailings dumps pose health concerns for the surrounding communities. This study reports on the 222Rn soil-gas concentrations and exhalations measurements which were conducted at a non-operational mine dump (Kloof) which belongs to Carletonville Gold Field, Witwatersrand, South Africa. Radon soil-gas concentrations were measured using a continuous radon monitor (the Durridge RAD7). The radon soil gas concentration levels were measured at depths starting from 30 cm below ground/air interface up to 110 cm at intervals of 20 cm. These radon soil-gas measurements were performed at five different spots on the mine dump. The concentrations recorded ranged from to kBq.m-3. Furthermore, thirty four soil samples were taken from these spots for laboratory-based measurement. The soil samples were collected in the depth range 0-30 cm and measured using the low-background Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) -ray detector available at the Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory (ERL), iThemba LABS, Western Cape Province. The weighted average activity concentrations in the soils samples were Bq.kg-1, Bq.kg-1 and Bq.kg-1 for 238U, 40K and 232Th, respectively. 1 26 23 472 7 308 5 2551 18
The activity concentration of 40K and the decay series of 238U and 232Th for the top 30 cm of the accessible parts of the mine dump were measured using the MEDUSA (Multi-Element Detector for Underwater Sediment Activity) -ray detection system which was mounted on the front of a 44 vehicle, 0.6 m off the ground. The spectra acquired by the MEDUSA system were analysed and the activity concentrations were extracted using the Full Spectrum Analysis approach. The average activity concentrations obtained were 25975 Bq.kg-1 for 40K, 30940 Bq.kg-1 for 238U series and 185Bq.kg-1 for 232Th series for 2002 survey while 26075 Bq.kg-1 for 40K, 31040 Bq.kg-1 for 238U series and 20 5 Bq.kg-1 for 232Th series were recorded for 2010 survey. Moreover, a novel technique by means of the MEDUSA -ray detection system was utilised to map radon exhalation from the Kloof mine dump. In this technique the 214Bi concentration in the top 30 cm of the dump, which is used as a proxy for the 238U or 226Ra concentration, is measured even though there is not secular equilibrium between the radium and bismuth because radon has escaped. The actual activity concentrations of 40K and 226Ra are obtained from soil samples which were collected, sealed and measured in the laboratory settings after attaining secular equilibrium since radon gas does not escape. By comparing the ratios of the activity concentrations of the 214Bi obtained in the field using the MEDUSA -ray detector system to the activity concentrations of the 214Bi obtained in the laboratory using the HPGe -ray detector system yields a reasonable radon exhalation for a particular location in the mine dump. In this case it is assumed that the 40K and 232Th series activity concentrations are not or hardly affected by radon exhalation. By applying this new technique an average normalised radon flux of 0.120.02 and 0.120.02 Bq.m-2.s-1 were obtained for 2002 and 2010 surveys, respectively. The electrets and the IAEA standard formula were also utilised to calculated radon fluxes yielding 0.060.02 and 0.120.02 Bq.m-2.s-1 respectively.
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Henderson, Susan Jane. "Analysis of the long-term slope stability of waste-rock dumps /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh4972.pdf.
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Шкіца, Л. Є. "Екологічна безпека гірничопромислових комплексів західного регіону України". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2006. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4147.
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Розширено і конкретизовано наукові основи екологічної безпеки гірничопромислових комплексів. Розроблено методологічні засади геоекологічного аналізу територій порушених гірничодобувною діяльністю, Обґрунтовані принципи екологічної безпеки територій гірничого підприємства на стадії ліквідації та запропоновані методики контролю напружено-деформованого стану гірських порід та аналізу геохімічної ситуації навколо місць накопичення гірничих відходів. Проведений комплексний екологічний аналіз соляних та сірчаних комплексів Передкарпаття з переліком основних порушень досліджуваних територій. Створено математичну модель процесів фільтрації витоків із хвостосховищ в ґрунті, яка дозволяє встановити основні закономірності процесу формування ареалу забруднень, а розв'язок задачі виражає залежність швидкості фільтрації від просторових координат і часу та дозволяє реалізувати задачу про дію плоского джерела. Запропоновані методи та заходи керованого контролю екологічною безпекою природно-техногенних систем гірничопромислових комплексів та впроваджені на території Яворівського та Калуського гірничорудних районів для усунення техногенних наслідків діяльності підприємств та контролю за екологічним станом довкілля під час відновлення території.<br>Диссертационная работа посвящена решению важной научно-прикладной проблемы по разработке и внедрению научных и методологических основ экологической безопасности горнопромышленных комплексов на стадии ликвидации. Разработаны научные основы геоэкологического анализа горнопромышленного комплекса на разных стадиях функционирования, которые базируются на рассмотрении природно-техногенной системы горного комплекса с точки зрения иерархической, функциональной, компонентной структур с определенными функциональными характеристиками антропогенных изменений элементов окружающей среды. Обоснованы принципы и предложена методология оценки экологической безопасности территории, которая находится под влияния горнодобывающих комплексов на стадии ликвидации предприятия, что базируются на изучении зон техногенного влияния от каждого технологического объекта и обеспечении физической, химической стабильности отходов горного производства. Для обеспечения экологической безопасности территории необходима оценка напряженно-деформированного состояния горных пород в местах развития геомеханических и инженерно-геологических нарушений и анализ геохимических изменений в зоне влияния отходов горнопромышленного предприятия, которые проводятся с использованием аналитических и экспериментальных исследований составляющих окружающей среды. Реализация предложенных методологических принципов разрешает разрабатывать, внедрять эффективные методы и средства мониторинга территорий, нарушенных горнодобывающей деятельностью, а также проводить оценку риска территории горнодобывающего комплекса и прогнозирование состояния окружающей среды после завершения эксплуатации, что является основой для разработки плана ликвидации и технической рекультивации территории предприятия. Проведен комплексный экологический анализ соляных и серных комплексов Предкарпатья с перечнем и характеристикой геохимических, гидрогеологических, инженерно - геологических нарушений исследуемых территорий. Выделены зоны с развитием опасных геологических процессов и предложены мероприятия по управляемому контролю и управлению экологической безопасностью Яворовского и Калушского горнопромышленных районов на стадии завершения эксплуатации месторождений полезных ископаемых. На основе выполненных исследований создана информационно-справочная система горнопромышленного района, которая используется государственным управлением экологии и природных ресурсов в Ивано-Франковской области для информирования заинтересованных предприятий, органов, граждан о состоянии окружающей среды горнопромышленных предприятий на стадии ликвидации. Разработан метод прогнозирования гидрохимической ситуации в зоне накопления отходов горного производства на основе созданной математической модели гидродинамических процессов фильтрации жидкости в пористой среде с помощью решения задачи о действии плоского источника в массиве грунта. Установлены закономерности фильтрации вредных веществ из хвостохранилищ в процессе формирования ареала загрязнения грунтовых вод, где источником вредных веществ считается площадь дна хвостохранилища, которая моделируется множеством параллельных линий, расположенных в одной плоскости с некоторым шагом. Проведена апробация модели в промышленных условиях и доведена ее адекватность. Предложены методы контроля напряженно-деформированного состояния горных пород и анализа геохимической ситуации вокруг мест накопления горных отходов. Разработаны мероприятия управляемого контроля экологической безопасностью природно-техногенных систем горнопромышленных комплексов, которые делятся на технологические, профилактические и служат для устранения техногенных последствий деятельности предприятий, контроля экологического состояния окружающей среды реализованы на предприятиях Западного региона Украины. Проведены эколого-геофизические исследования методом естественного импульсного электромагнитного поля Земли в районах разработок открытым методом калийных и серных месторождений разрешили определить напряженно-деформированное состояние горных пород в зонах влияния горнодобывающих предприятий и выделить участки с развитием опасных геологических процессов.
Внесены для рассмотрения дополнения и изменения в законодательные акты: „Горного закона Украины", „Кодекса Украины о недрах", проекта закона «О ликвидации горных предприятий» и предложены способы информатизации общественности о состоянии окружающей среды территории горнопромышленного комплекса в результате обоснования стратегии, тактики, использования методов управляемого контроля техногенно-экологической безопасностью горнопромышленных комплексов. Результаты диссертационной работы используются в учебном процессе для студентов специальности „Экология и охрана окружающей среды".<br>The thesis deals with the expanded and specified scientific background of the ecological safety of industrial mining complexes at the stage of liquidation. The Methodological principals have been developed for geoecological analysis of the territories destroyed by mining activity. There have been asserted the principals of ecological safety of the territories under mining industry at the stage of liquidation and methods have been offered to control the deformation mode of rocks and analysis of geochemical situation round the places of mining wastes accumulation. A complex ecological analysis has been conducted of the saline and sulfur complexes of the Precarpathia which included a list of mam troubles found on the investigated areas. A mathematical model of the leakage filtration processes from tailing dumps in soil makes it possible to determine the main regularities of the process of pollution areal formation. The solution of the problem shows the dependence of filtration velocity on spatial values and time and permits to consider the problem about the influence of plane source in soil massif. In the thesis there have been offered the methods and measures for the regulated control of ecological safety of natural-technogenic systems of industrial mining complexes. They were successfully applied on the territory of Yavoriv and Kalush mining territories to eliminate the technogenic consequences of enterprises' activity and to control the ecological state of the environment during the process of territory renewal.
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Thobakgale, Rendani. "Evaluation of the geochemical and mineralogical transformation at an old copper mine tailings dump in Musina, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/931.
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MENVSC<br>Department of Ecology and Resource Management<br>Historically, mining activities have generated vast quantities of abandoned tailings dumps in several regions of South Africa and throughout the world. The management and disposal of huge volumes of tailings dumps has constituted a major challenge to the environment. The current study aims to establish the physicochemical properties and mineralogical characterization of the old copper tailings dump in Musina, to reveal the mobility patterns and attenuation dynamics of potentially toxic or heavy metal species as a function of depth, with a view of assessing their potential environmental impact with respect to surface and ground water systems. This information is crucial in the beneficial utilization of copper tailings in the development of sustainable construction materials as part of reuse approach management system. About twelve tailings samples were collected into polyethylene plastic bags from three established tailings profiles drilled by a hand auger. The collected tailings samples were characterized using standard analytical procedures i.e., X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The transfer of potentially toxic or heavy metal species from tailings to water was evaluated using the standardized batch leaching test (EN 12457) and speciation-equilibrium calculations on the aqueous extracts performed by MINTEQA2. The leachate concentration of cations in the collected tailings samples was determined by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the leachate concentration of anions was determined by ion chromatography (IC).
A modified sequential extraction scheme was applied on the selected tailings samples of the drilled tailings profiles to further understand the mode of occurrence, the geochemical partitioning and distribution, real mobility, and environmental bioavailability of potentially toxic or heavy metal species in the tailings and tailings-soil interface. The extracted fractions or phases from sequential scheme were as follows: (F1) water-soluble fraction, (F2) exchangeable fraction, (F3) carbonate fraction, (F4) iron and manganese hydroxide associated fraction, (F5) organic matter and secondary sulphide associated fraction, (F6) primary sulphide bound fraction, and (F7) residual or silicate fraction. The results obtained from the seven steps sequential extraction scheme were validated by the determination
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of percentage recoveries from pseudo-total digestion or total metal content of the original sample. The distribution of major elements and potentially toxic or heavy metal species in different leachate fractions obtained after each step of sequential extraction of the selected tailings samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The appraised data was used to reveal the impact of atmospheric oxygen and infiltrating rain-water on the chemistry of copper tailings dump by depth profiles.
Macroscopic properties revealed that the abandoned Musina copper tailings are fine to medium coarse grained, and range in color from light/dark gray at the upper or shallow depth of the tailings, to dark reddish-brown at the deeper zone where the tailings are mixed with the underlying soil or soil-interface. The drilled respective tailings profiles were uniform and slightly varied in both mineralogical and bulk chemical compositions with tailings depth. Mineralogical analysis showed the following order of mineralogical composition within the respective tailings profiles: quartz> epidote> chlorite> muscovite> calcite> hematite. Chalcopyrite was the only sulphide mineral observed by optical microscopy, although not identified or quantified by XRD and SEM-EDS analysis. The observed discrete chalcopyrite grains were attributed to the primary mined ore (i.e., chalcopyrite, chalcocite and bornite) during past copper mining activities in Musina. The tailings profiles were characterized by a medium alkaline pH (7.97-8.37) that corresponds very well with the tailings leachates or pore-water pH (8.36-8.46). This pH was constant and slightly varied with tailings depth in the respective tailings profiles. The high abundance of alumino-silicate minerals and traces of carbonates as calcite coupled with low sulphide mineral content, suggested a high neutralization capacity of the tailings which was in common agreement with an alkaline nature of the copper tailings dump. The chemical composition of major elements within the respective tailings profiles followed the order: Si>Al>Fe>Ca>Mg>K>Na, and corresponds very well with the mineralogical composition of the tailings, whereby alumino-silicates were the most abundant minerals in the tailings samples. Nevertheless, the solid-phase concentration of metals decreases with increasing tailings depth as Cu>Sr>Zr>Ni>Zn and was incongruent with the mineralogical composition within the respective tailings profiles. The main secondary minerals were calcite and hematite, and their proportion increased with increasing tailings
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depth. In addition, hematite formed coatings on the rims and corners of chlorite as observed from optical microscopy, and retained relatively high amounts of potentially toxic or heavy metals (up to 862 ppm of Cu, up to 36 ppm of Ni, and up to 25 ppm of Zn) at the upper and shallow depth of the respective tailings profiles, where bulk density was high and low porosity.
Based on batch leaching tests, the amounts of potentially toxic or heavy metal species released into solution were low (0.27-0.34 μg/L Pb, 0.54-0.72 μg/L Ni, 0.88-1.80 μg/L Zn, and 20.21-47.9 μg/L Cu) and decreases with increasing tailings depth, indicating that, presently, the tailings have a minor impact on heavy metals load transported to the receiving surface and groundwater systems. The low concentration of potentially toxic or heavy metal species in solution is primarily due to their retention by secondary Fe oxide phases (i.e., hematite) and the prevailing medium alkaline pH condition of the tailings leachate or pore-water. The observations are consistent with MINTEQA2 speciation calculations, which predicted the precipitation of secondary phase cuprite (Cu2O) as the main solubility-controlling mineral phase for Cu, Zn, and Ni. Primary factors influencing aqueous chemistry at the site are neutralization and dissolution reactions as a function of pH, precipitation, and sorption into hydrous oxides (hematite and cuprite).
Based on sequential extraction results, the leachable concentration of potentially toxic or heavy metal species in the water-soluble, exchangeable and carbonate fractions of the respective tailings profiles was relatively low, except for Cu and Mn. For instance, the leachable concentration of Cu and Mn reached 10.84 mg/kg and 321.7 mg/kg at the tailings-soil interface (3 m) in tailings profile C, respectively. The low concentration of potentially toxic or heavy metal species (Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in these fractions could be due to the low solubility of minerals bearing these trace elements caused by variations in pore-water pH in the respective tailings profiles. The high concentration of Cu and Mn in these fractions suggests their high mobility and therefore most available for uptake in the environment.
Except for Cu>Mn>Cr, the contents of potentially toxic or heavy metal species in the Fe and Mn oxides and organic matter or sulphides bound fractions was low, due to the low
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quantity of these fractions in the tailings, despite their high affinity and sorption capacity for potentially toxic or heavy metal species. Likewise, the residual fraction of the respective tailings profiles contained the highest proportion of potentially toxic or heavy metal species. Although the highest potentially toxic or heavy metal species content was in fractions with limited mobility, care must be taken since any geochemical change or shift in the tailings pH or acidic conditions may cause them to be displaced to more mobile fractions, thereby increasing their mobility and environmental bioavailability. Therefore, physicochemical properties of the tailings including pH and mineralogical composition of the tailings samples were the main substrate controlling the geochemical partitioning and distribution, potential mobility, and environmental bioavailability of potentially toxic or heavy metal species by tailings depth. The knowledge of mobility and eco-toxicological significance of tailings is needed when considering tailings dump disposal or reuse in the environment.
The addition of copper tailings at 3 and 28 days successfully improved the compressive strength of cement mortar mixtures incorporating tailings at C5 (5%) and C10 (10%) respectively, although with small margin relative to the control mixture (C0). The maximum strength was 31.15 Mpa attained after 28 curing days, and slightly varied when compared with other compressive strength on copper blended cement mortars mixtures in other countries, used for the development of sustainable construction materials. The chemical composition, physical properties and improved compressive strength on cement mortars mixtures incorporating copper tailings, implies that copper tailings are suitable for the development of sustainable construction materials, thereby ensuring job creation, availability of land for development usage, and the reduction of environmental pollution induced by the abandoned copper tailings dumps.
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Geldenhuys, Nicolaas Petrus. "Ownership of historic mine and tailings dumps and expropriation / Nicolaas Petrus Geldenhuys." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15243.
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When mining companies extract minerals from the earth, they leave huge deposits of soil and ore next to the mining site. These deposits are commonly known as tailings. In most instances, tailings contain a considerable amount of valuable mineral resources which cannot be exploited because of a lack of appropriate equipment, or as a result of economic non-viability. However, many mining companies choose to keep and maintain these tailings, in the hope that such minerals can later be exploited when time or technology allows for this.
Under common-law the owner of a property is considered to also own any minerals contained on the property, in terms of the principle of cuius est solum. In South African law, however, a practice evolved whereby owners of minerals separated rights to minerals from the surface rights on the property. This created a mining right which was independent from the land and could be transferred to third parties, often in return for compensation. Under the Minerals Act of 1991 the owner of a mining right over a property (be that the owner of the property or a third-party mining right holder) also held the mining right to tailings which were created as a result of mining activities under the right. Thus, if a mining company performed mining activities on a property, the company was also free to exploit the tailings which were left next to its mine, regardless of whether the dump had remained there for a long period of time. Owing to South Africa's long history of mining, some tailings are over a century old and resemble small mountains rather than mining deposits.
The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act of 2002 changed the entire mineral legislative regime in South Africa. Whereas owners of land were previously free to separate and sell their rights to minerals to anyone they wished, the MPRDA placed the country‟s mineral and petroleum resources under the state's "custodianship." Where the law talks about custodianship, however, it supposedly refers only to minerals that have not yet been extracted from the earth. It is well established in South African law that, once a mineral is extracted, it becomes the movable property of the person who extracted it – in other words, that of the mining company. Does this mean that minerals in tailings also fall under the state's custodianship? The Free State High Court did not think so. In the case of De Beers v
Ataqua it held that, in terms of the common law principles of acquisition by way of attachment, tailings are clearly movable property and therefore belong to the mining company who created them. For the MPRDA to hold otherwise would amount to expropriation. The state did not wish for some mining activities to be regulated by a different set of legislation, so it amended the MPRDA to try and define "residue deposits" (the name by which the MPRDA calls tailings) more clearly. However, due to the legislature's unfortunate choice of wording, tailings created before the enactment of the MPRDA are still, strictly speaking, not regulated by that Act. So the legislature proposed another amendment to the Act, this time making sure that any historical mine dump created at any point in South Africa's history are placed under the Act's regime.
The subject matter of this study is whether the above amendments to the MPRDA could be considered to be expropriation. For background purposes, a brief overview of the Ataqua decision as well as the subsequent amendments to the MPRDA will be given. Then the history of mining legislation and the development of a separate mining right will be summarised. The reason for this summary is to establish whether, in terms of constitutional litigation, a clear right has been established for purposes of protection under section 25 of the Constitution. The last phase of the study will look at the particular characteristics of expropriation and ask the question whether acquisition of a right by the state is always a fundamental requirement for expropriation to take place. It is submitted that the destruction of an entire class of property by way of legislation, amounts to so-called "institutional expropriation," which is subject to compensation in terms of section 25.<br>LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Fosso-Kankeu, Elvis. "Ni²⁺ extraction from low grade leachate of tailing dumps materials using cloned indigenous bacterial species." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8033.
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Netshiongolwe, Khathutshelo Emmanuel. "Geochemical characterisation of gold tailings footprints on the Central Rand Goldfield." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24068.
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Gold mining in the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa has resulted in soil contamination due to the lack of sufficient environmental management plans for the tailings dumps and remnant footprints. Tailings reclamation as a strategy of reducing pollution in the Central Rand, for instance, has resulted in contamination of water systems by acid mine drainage (AMD). After removal of the tailings dumps, remnant material is left over on the tailings footprints and these contain significant amounts of pollutants that were initially in the tailings. Heavy rainfall during summer dissolves primary minerals and later in the dry season, secondary minerals are precipitated as efflorescent crusts on and nearby tailings dumps as well as footprints due to high evaporation. The efflorescent crusts can redissolve when it rains and form acidic, metal and sulphate-rich solutions due to their soluble characteristics.
This study aimed to characterise tailings footprints in areas targeted for human settlements and office spaces to assess their potential to release left over toxic elements such arsenic (As), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). The approach to the study involved characterisation of oxidised and unoxidised tailings material and secondary precipitates on both tailings dumps and footprints. This involved determining the mineralogical composition using Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD). Dissolution and leaching studies were also conducted on the material followed by determination of constituent elements using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and sulphates using ion chromatography (IC). The leaching solutions used included rainwater; dilute sulphuric acid at pH of 3.0 (a common leachate in such acidic soils); as well as plant exudates such as oxalic and citric acids.
The leachate solutions were used to correlate the mineralogical composition of secondary precipitates and tailings footprints. Potential implications on humans following any accidental ingestion of the tailings or contaminated soils were assessed using gastric juices. The ecological risk factors and risk index together with the model to evaluate daily intake and different pathways to humans were used to assess the toxicity caused by exposure to contaminants in the materials. The experimental work was augmented by computer simulations based on geochemical modelling (using the PHREEQC geochemical modelling code) to determine the speciation of elements (and thus their potential lability and bioavailability), dissolution and formation of secondary mineral precipitates in the tailings dumps and footprints. The findings of the PXRD study showed that the mineralogy of the tailings and footprints was dominated by quartz (SiO2) and some minor minerals such as pyrite (FeS2), pyrophyllite (Al2Si4O10(OH)2), chlorite (Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10), mica (K(Mg,Fe)3 AlSi3O10(F,OH)2) while that of secondary precipitates was dominated by jarosite (KFe3+ 3(OH)6 (SO4)2), goethite (FeOOH), melanterite (FeSO4.7H2O) and gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O). Minerals obtained for the secondary precipitates were corroborated by geochemical modelling.
Leaching results using rainwater with pH ranges from 3.5 to 3.9 showed that trace elements are released very slowly from tailings dumps and footprints and in small concentrations during rainy seasons as follows: As (1.5 mg/L-4.5 mg/L), Pb (3.5 mg/L-5.5 mg/L), Cu (4 mg/L-4.8 mg/L) and Zn (23 mg/L-44 mg/L). The release and mobility of Cu, Pb, Zn and As occurs quite markedly when secondary precipitates dissolve, making the immediate impacted environment unfavourable for plant growth and any habits in the vicinity. This was substantiated by simulated dissolutions and assessment of the resulting elemental speciation that pointed to the elements being distributed in bioavailable forms, implying potential uptake by plants (such as vegetables that may be cultivated on such impacted soils).
The model was used to evaluate the daily intake and different exposure pathways and the results showed that children may daily intake 48.4 mg kg-1 day-1 and adults‟ 32.8 mg kg-1 day-1 . After 5 years (1825 days) of exposure more harm may be experienced and findings shows that kids are the most victims on these contaminated sites compared to adults. Both children and adults may absorb low levels of these toxic elements daily and after long time of exposure it may cause disease like cancer in their body which may lead to death. Pathways may be through inhalation and accidentally ingesting tailings soil that contain toxic elements. Drawing from the above findings, it will be important that tailings footprints that have been earmarked as land for development (residential or office space) be thoroughly assessed for potential release of toxic elements and high levels of acidity. Further reclamation aimed at reducing these hazards can then be implemented.<br>College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences<br>M. Sc. (Environmental Science)
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Mahao, Tseliso John. "Assessment of changing urban dynamics in Johannesburg city regions as consequence of re-mining of the tailings dumps using Geographical Information System and remote sensing." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24029.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Environmental Sciences) at the School of Geography, Archaeology & Environmental Studies
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Johannesburg, 2017<br>There is a growing interest in the reclamation of the old gold mines’ tailings dumps in Johannesburg city region driven by the economic value of the remaining gold resource. This reclamation activity is accompanied by various rehabilitation methods to reduce issues such as acid mine drainage and wind pollution. The impact of land use and land cover change (LULCC) can have an enormous impact on land development and planning. Monitoring of LULCC is very important in the planning and decision making processes. Remote sensing (RS) as the source of basic data for monitoring change is very highly recommended as tool to monitor changes occurring in the Johannesburg City Region as a result of rehabilitation and reclamation of the gold mines’ tailings deposits. The main aim of the study is to understand how the reclamation and rehabilitation of the historical tailings dumps in Johannesburg are changing land use patterns of the city and its precincts. The objectives are to quantify the changes in land use and land cover as the results of mining rehabilitation using Landsat earth observation data over a period of 30 years at five years intervals and; to recommend on how the land cleared of waste dumps could be used for looking at the surrounding environment spatially. Various Geographical Information Systems techniques are applied here for change detection analysis and monitoring of potential changes in urban dynamics patterns. The results show rate of rehabilitation and reclamation to be slow, taking several years to see a meaningful change. There is some form of bias towards transforming the reclaimed land into industrial zones as opposed to other activities. The success of tailings dumps rehabilitation through revegetation process is highlighted.<br>MT 2018
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Jerzykowska, Irena. "Formy występowania Zn, Pb, As i Cd w środowiskach hipergenicznych rozwiniętych na składowiskach odpadów z wydobywania oraz przeróbki rud Zn i Pb z okolic Olkusza." Praca doktorska, 2014. http://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/29128.
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Do oszacowania stopnia zagrożenia jakie stanowią metale ciężkie i inne szkodliwe dla środowiska pierwiastki, oprócz całkowitej zawartości danego pierwiastka, niezbędne jest ustalenie form w jakich ten pierwiastek występuje. Celem niniejszej rozprawy doktorskiej było rozpoznanie form w jakich występują Zn, Pb, As i Cd w środowiskach wietrzeniowych rozwiniętych na odpadach z wydobycia i przeróbki rud Zn i Pb w okolicy Olkusza. Badaniom poddane zostały próbki ze stawów osadowych ZGH "Bolesław" czynnych od 1986 r. oraz próbki z profili glebowych rozwiniętych na czterech hałdach po wydobyciu złóż utlenionych (galmanów) od końca XIX w. do roku 1985. Do realizacji założonych celów zastosowano zarówno metody mineralogiczne (mikroskopowe i dyfrakcyjne) jak i metody geochemiczne (np. metodę selektywnej ekstrakcji sekwencyjnej).
W odpadach poflotacyjnych Zn i Pb występuje przede wszystkim w formie siarczków a rzadziej (Zn głównie w starszym odpadzie) w formie węglanowej. As dominuje jako domieszka w siarczkach Fe. Cd w młodszych odpadach poflotacyjnych stanowi głównie domieszkę w siarczkach Zn a w starszych częściowo przechodzi w formę węglanową a częściowo występuje jako jony wymienne. Próbki z hałd "galmanowych" zawierają Zn w formie smithsonitu lub hemimorfitu, glinokrzemianów z Zn (z grupy smektytu i kaolinitu) oraz Zn zabsorbowany na tlenkach Fe.Największe ilości Pb napotkano w tlenkach Mn a mniejsze w cerusycie, w tlenkach Fe i dolomicie.Asdominuje w formie jonów zabsorbowanych nagoethycie a Cd jako domieszka w węglanach, krzemianach i glinokrzemianach Zn oraz w formie wymiennej.
Porówanie geochemicznych i mineralogicznych metod analizy specjacji pierwiastków pokazało, że jedynie kompleksowe spojrzenie na problem specjacji metali w zanieczyszczonych glebach i w odpadach może dawać wiarygodne wyniki a metoda selektywnej ekstrakcji sekwencyjnej nie może być stosowana bez porównania zbezpośrednimi metodami mineralogicznymi.
Wykonane badania pokazują, że największe zagrożenie dla środowiska stanowi Cd, który występując w formie wymiennej jest potencjalnie łatwo dostępny dla organizmów żywych. Cd jest najbardziej mobilny w starych odpadach poflotacyjnych oraz w powierzchniowych poziomach gleb na hałdach "galmanowych". Zn i Pb mogą zostać łatwo uwolnione z minerałów w razie zmiany odczynu środowiska na bardziej kwaśny a As po zmianie warunków na redukcyjne.<br>To estimate the degree of thret posed by heavy metals and other environmentally harmful elements it is necessary to determine the form in which the element occurs, in addition to the total content of the element. The aim of this thesis was to identify the formsof compounds in which Zn, Pb, As and Cd occur in weathering environments developed on wastes from the mining and processing of Zn and Pb deposits near Olkusz (S Poland). The study involved samples from ZGH "Bolesław" flotation tailings ponds active since 1986 and samples of soil profiles developed on four dumps after mining of oxidized ores from the end of the XIX century until 1985. Two types of methodswere used:mineralogical methods (optical and electron microscopy with in situelemental analysis,X-ray diffraction) and geochemical methods (selective sequential extraction and bulk elemental analysis).
In the flotation tailings, Zn and Pb occur mainly in the form of sulphides and rarely in the form of carbonates. As is present usuallyas the admixture in Fesulphides. Cd occur in younger tailings as the impurity in Zn sulfides but in older tailings mostly in carbonate and ion-exchangeable form. Samples from the dumps of oxidized ores contain Zn in the form of smithsonite or hemimorphite, Zn aluminosilicates (smectite and kaolinite groups) and absorbed on Fe-oxide.The largest amounts of Pb is encountered in Mn-oxides and less in cerusite, Fe-oxides and dolomite.As dominates as the ions absorbed on goethite and Cd as an impurity in carbonates, silicates and Zn aluminosilicates, and in the form of exchange ions.
Simultaneous application of geochemical and mineralogical methods for analysis of speciation of elements has shown that only a comprehensive approach to the problem of speciation of metals in contaminated soils and waste can yield reliable results and that selective sequential extraction method can not be used without a comparison with direct mineralogical methods.
The study has shown that Cd occuring in the form of exchangeable ions, potentially available to living organisms, pose the greatest threat to the environment. Cd is the most mobile in the old tailings and in surface horizons of the soils developed on the oxidized ores dumps. Zn and Pb can be easily released from their forms in the event of a change of pH of the environment to a more acidic and As in case of changing conditions to more reductive.
Books on the topic "Tailings dump"
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Steffen Roberston and Kirsetn (B.C.) Inc. Faro pits and rock waste dumps: 1987 and 1988 seep surveys. Steffen Robertson and Kirsten (B.C.), 1989.
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Overbeek, P. W. The recovery of chromite fines from tailings dumps. Council for Mineral Technology, 1986.
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Riley, S. J. Investigation of the erosional stability of waste rock dumps under simulated rainfall: A proposal. Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1990.
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Nash, J. Thomas. Geochemical studies of mines, dumps, and tailings as sources of contamination, upper Animas River watershed, Colorado (Open-file report). U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tailings dump"
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Rajak, Tarun Kumar, and Laxmikant Yadu. "Assessment of Mine Overburden Dump Stability Using Numerical Modelling." In Geoenvironmental and Geotechnical Issues of Coal Mine Overburden and Mine Tailings. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6294-5_3.
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Kumar, Ashutosh, Sarat Kumar Das, Lohitkumar Nainegali, and Krishna R. Reddy. "Slope Stability Analysis of Coalmine Overburden Dump Using a Probabilistic Approach." In Geoenvironmental and Geotechnical Issues of Coal Mine Overburden and Mine Tailings. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6294-5_5.
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Bantshi, Alain M., and Peter Makuvise. "Extraction of Gold from Sands and Slimes Tailings Dump from Mazowe Mine, Zimbabwe." In Proceedings of the 3rd Pan American Materials Congress. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52132-9_51.
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Gorodov, A. I., N. A. Shapovalov, R. G. Shevtsova, and A. A. Krainiy. "The Study of the Dynamics of Flotation Agent Decomposition in a Tailings Dump." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72910-3_3.
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Mohanty, Madhumita, Rajib Sarkar, and Sarat Kumar Das. "Performance of Coal Mine Overburden Dump Slope Under Earthquakes Using Extended Finite Element Method Based Voronoi Tessellation Scheme." In Geoenvironmental and Geotechnical Issues of Coal Mine Overburden and Mine Tailings. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6294-5_4.
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Willscher, Sabine, S. Starke, M. Katzschner, and M. Felix. "Microbial and Geochemical Characterization of an Acid-Generating Hard Coal Tailings Dump in Saxonia/ Germany." In Advanced Materials Research. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-452-9.217.
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Bari, Rizwanul, and David Hansen. "Analyzing flow through mine waste-dumps." In Tailings and Mine Waste 2000. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078579-30.
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Malen, F., R. Wanty, J. H. Viellenave, and J. V. Fontana. "Probe sampling and geophysics applied to ground water evaluation of mine dumps." In Tailings and Mine Waste 2000. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078579-29.
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Blight, G. E., and A. Kreuiter. "Disposal of industrial waste liquids by evaporation and capillary storage in waste dumps." In Tailings and Mine Waste 2000. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078579-19.
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Bugrov, A. K., A. B. Ponomaryov, and V. A. Melnikov. "Numerical modeling in the calculations of tailings dumps based on approaches in soil mechanics." In Smart Geotechnics for Smart Societies. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299127-287.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Tailings dump"
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Negru, Nicoleta, Sorin Mihai Radu, and Alexandra Soica. "Evaluating the Economic Reintegration Potential of Land from the Jilţ Tailings Dump through Wind Turbine Utilization: A Comprehensive Research and Perspectives Analysis." In 2024 9th International Conference on Mathematics and Computers in Sciences and Industry (MCSI). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcsi63438.2024.00011.
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Mamyrbayeva, Kulzira, Almira Kuandykova, and T. A. Chepushtanova. "THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS SULFATIZING ROASTING OF STALE NICKEL-COBALT-CONTAINING WASTES FROM OPERATING PLANTS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/4.2/s17.22.
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Metallurgy is one of the leaders in terms of the amount of accumulated waste worldwide. Every year the amount of waste placed in dumps, sludge ponds, tailings ponds only grows. However, at present, tailings, slag, dust, etc. of metallurgical enterprises are considered the most promising for secondary use and the extraction of valuable metals from tailings is an important problem in the world. In Kazakhstan, the technology of processing nickel-cobalt-containing tailings is practically undeveloped. Sokolov-Sarybai Mining Production Association Joint-Stock Company (SSGPO JSC) in Kazakhstan, loses more than 7 thousand tons of nickel and 14 thousand tons of cobalt per year. For processing this type of raw material, a combined technology that includes preliminary roasting and leaching processes is acceptable. The aim of the work is a thermodynamic analysis of the roasting process of wet magnetic separation (wms) tailings of the SSGPO JSC, containing such main components as nickel, cobalt and iron sulfides. Thermodynamic analysis of the roasting of wms tailings in the temperature range from 500 to 750�C showed that in the presence of a limited amount of oxygen, the formation of iron sulfides of the following compositions is possible: Fe0.877S, FeS, Fe2S3, Fe7S8. Nickel and cobalt sulfides are converted into Ni3S2, Ni3S4 and CoS0.89, CoS, respectively. In this temperature range, within the homogeneity region, the transformation of cobalt and nickel sulfides also occurs. The calculated values of the Gibbs free energy confirm the possibility of reactions of formation of low-sulfide compounds and the optimal condition for firing is the temperature range of 600-700�C. Depending on the firing conditions, interconversion of iron, nickel and cobalt sulfides occurs. The results of thermodynamic analysis confirm the possibility of extracting iron, nickel and cobalt from wms tailings in the form of soluble low-sulfide compounds with subsequent extraction from the tailings in the form of individual metal powders. Combined technology for processing this type of raw material will be a good example of the use of circular economy principles.
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Obradović, Ljubiša, Sandra Milutinović, Srđana Magdalinović, and Sanja Petrović. "Determination a diameter of the sedimental lake of the new field of the lead and zinc flotation tailing dump in Leposavić." In Proceedings - 55th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, Kladovo, 15-17 October 2024. Mining and Metallurgy Institute, Bor, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/ioc24195o.
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Management of technological water at the flotation tailing dumps where tailings are deposited after the processing of polymetallic ore of copper, lead and zinc is perhaps the most important part of every polymetallic mine. Flotation processing of lead and zinc ore requires large amounts of water for flotation the lead and zinc minerals, where, after extracting the selective metal concentrates, the flotation tailings in the form of hydromix are transported to the flotation tailings dump. At the flotation tailing dump, a sand embankment is built from the sand of hydrocyclone, which limits the accumulation area of tailings, while the fine tailings particles are deposited in the accumulation area of the tailing dump, forming a beach next to the embankment and sedimentation lake. The sedimentation lake has a double function: the first is to enable the deposition of fine tailings particles with its size, and the second is to serve as an accumulation of technological water from where the water can be pumped back to the flotation plant if necessary and reused in the technological process of flotation the lead and zinc minerals.
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Aliyev, I., Z. Khamarova, and A. Alieva. "LANDSCAPE RECLAMATION OF TECHNOGENIC WASTE FROM THE TYRNYAUZ MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT." In LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE – FROM THE SOURCE TO INNOVATION. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2024. https://doi.org/10.58168/landscape2024_6-9.
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The paper examines the issues of landscape reclamation of technogenic waste from the Tyrnyauz Mining and Processing Plant (TGOC). As a result of many years of research, the types of woody plants, their growth and development on the slopes of the TGOC tailings dam have been established. It has been established that 5 species of trees and shrubs grow in these unfavorable conditions. Sea buckthorn buckthorn has the best indicators. The remediation of the tailing dump was carried out in two stages – technical and biological. The water-filled tailings dump has become a local attraction for tourists and travelers.
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Avramović, Ljiljana, Vanja Trifunović, Dragana Božić, et al. "Stabilization of the solid residue formed after the acid leaching of copper from flotation tailings." In Proceedings - 55th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, Kladovo, 15-17 October 2024. Mining and Metallurgy Institute, Bor, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/ioc24263a.
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The mining waste, i.e., flotation tailings occurs in the flotation concentration of copper ore processing. Considering the copper content in tailings of about 0.2-0.3%, it can be seen as a potential material for the copper recovery. This paper presents the chemical characterization of sample of the flotation tailings, deposited at the Old Flotation Tailing dump in Bor, in the eastern Serbia. After the application of hydrometallurgical treatment for copper recovery, a toxicity characteristic of the leaching procedure and leachability procedure of the obtained solid residue were performed. Then, a study of possibility for its safe disposal at a non-hazardous waste landfill after stabilization with lime was carried out.
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Karin, Yuri G., Svetlana B. Bortnikova, and Natalia V. Yurkevich. "Estimation of tailings volumes using electric tomography, frequency profiling and aerophotography." In Недропользование. Горное дело. Направления и технологии поиска, разведки и разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых. Экономика. Геоэкология. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А.А. Трофимука Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/b978-5-4262-0102-6-2020-044.
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Methodological recommendations are given for constructing tailing dump models using the example of tailing dumps in the Kemerovo Region according to electric tomography, frequency profiling, and orthophotography. The combination of the three methods allows you to obtain the necessary minimum information for estimating the volumes of substances at the studied objects.
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Božić, Dragana, Ljiljana Avramović, Vanja Trifunović, et al. "Pilot plant for agitation leaching of the flotation tailings." In Proceedings - 55th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, Kladovo, 15-17 October 2024. Mining and Metallurgy Institute, Bor, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/ioc24253b.
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The flotation concentration plant in the RTB Bor started working at the industrial scale in 1933 and terminated in 2003. During those seventy years of copper ore processing, the flotation plant had disposed a huge amount of solid waste in the old flotation tailing dump. Chemical analysis had shown that an average concentration of targeted metals in tailings is: 0.23 % Cu, 0.4 g/t Au and 2.0 g/t Ag. The leaching degrees of analyzed elements, achieved after leaching the composite sample of flotation tailings in the pilot plant were: 54.35% Cu, 15.35% Fe, 3.75% Ag and 3.75 % Au.
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Popescu, G., C. A. Popescu, Adina Horablaga, Luminita Livia Barliba, and A. Smuleac. "THE USE OF GEOMATICS TECHNOLOGIES FOR RENDERING THE TALINGS DUMP IN TO THE FORESTRY CIRCUIT, URICANI MINE, ROMANIA." In 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.52.
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In a common understanding, tailings dumps are represented as categories of engineering constructions where mined underground rocks are stored together with the useful rock represented by underground coal. And the position of tailings dumps, ordinarily, is on the land around the mining operations. For their location, land is chosen that determines the minimum impact on the environment and requires some of the lowest waste disposal costs. Considering that our world is in a continuous ascension, new techniques and methods are present in many fields of engineering, presenting themselves as a modern approach to the conservation, and the greening of the affected areas. In order for greening to be found in the main purpose of the study, it is necessary to arrange, geometrize, weed, and forest the storage area on the studied surface of 3.68 ha. Thus, for better coordination of the works, for aerial determinations a UAV type equipment, namely a Phantom 4 drone, and for ground determinations of the outline of the tailings dump and reference points, a GPS equipment, model Leica GS08, RTK method was used. Such a combination between satellite and photogrammetric methods; led to the creation of a 3D model as true to reality as possible that will be fundamental in the process of afforestation of the tailings dump.
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Razmakhnin, K. K., A. N. Khatkova, and L. V. Shumilova. "ON THE QUESTION OF THE APPLICATION OF ZEOLITE-CONTAINING ROCKS IN TECHNOLOGIES OF TAILS RECLAMATION." In XVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "METALLURGY OF NON-FERROUS, RARE AND NOBLE METALS" named after corresponding member of the RAS Gennady Leonidovich PASHKOVA. Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/sfu.mnfrpm.2023.59-69.
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The activity of mining complexes leads to the formation of large volumes of mineral waste, and the Trans-Baikal region was no exception, on the territory of which,according to data for 2018, operating enterprises accumulated 725.5 million tons of waste. Overburden dumps, out-of-balance and substandard ores, as well as enrichment tailings, are a serious problem for the environment. In total, there are more than 30 tailing dumps on the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory, of which 12 currently remain ownerless and pose a serious threat to the environment of settlements located in close proximity to man-made objects. Such objects are dangerous, first of all, by spreading dustlike particles to nearby territories, often containing toxic and radioactive elements, as well as heavy metals. It requires the use of special technologies adapted to the climatic conditions of the territory of Transbaikalia. In this regard, studies were carried out on the possibility of reclamation / conservation of the tailing dump of the Sherlovogorsky GOK, located in close proximity to the town of Sherlovaya Gora, Transbaikal region.
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Bulimaga, Constantin, Corina Certan, and Aureliu Burghelea. "Evaluarea conținutului nutrienților în orizonturile solului nou-format de pe suprafața haldelor de steril în procesul de restabilire naturală a ecosistemului petrofit din cariera de calcar ,,Lafarge ciment”." In Starea actuală a componentelor de mediu. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975315593.21.
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It has been established that the content of heavy metals in tailings dumps of different ages does not exceed the alert threshold for any component. The content of K2O in the 0-20 cm layer is higher than in the 20-40 cm, which is explained by biogeochemical (phytocenotic) processes. It is demonstrated that the total nitrogen content on the surface of tailings dumps of different ages depends on their age. The highest nitrogen content is contained in the newly formed soil layer on the surface of the 25 year old waste heap in the 0-20 cm layer. This is explained by the fact that the largest number of plant species (63 units) that have produced the largest amount of organic substance (humus) from the mass of biodiversity are growing on this dump.
Reports on the topic "Tailings dump"
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Бабець, Євген Костянтинович, Ірина Петрівна Антонік, Ірина Євгенівна Мельникова, and Антон Всеволодович Петрухін. nfluence of Mining and Concentration Works Activity on Land Resources. Petroșani, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3120.
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The research provides assessment of current and longer-term consequences of iron ore open pit mining for land resources of adjacent areas. There are applied methods of analysis of fund materials; comparison of topographic sheets and special maps, visual observation, soil testing, laboratory analyses and statistic processing of data obtained. It is revealed that facilities of iron ore mining and concentration waste accumulation (dumps and tailing ponds) are destructive factors for the local lithosphere, dust chemical contamination being the basic one. The steps aimed at reducing negative impacts of technogenic objects of the mining and raw material complex on the environment are under study.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Бєлик, and Юрій Васильович Лихолат. Ecological and Geological Determination of the Initial Pedogenesis on Devastated Lands in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine). Journ. Geol. Geograph. Geoecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3643.
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In our time, a very urgent problem is the cessation of negative impacts on the environment and the return to the practical use of the territories of devastated lands. In this regard, it is important to find out the basic laws of primary soil formation in the area of these man-made neoplasms. The initial soil formation conditions were analyzed on 19 experimental sites which represent the main varieties of devastated land in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining and Metallurgical District (Central Ukraine): (i) waste rock dumps of old iron mines (old name “Forges”), (ii) tailing storage facility of underground iron mines, (iii) waste rock dumps of the Iron Ore Mining and Dressing Plant, (iv) waste rock dumps of the Granite Quarry Plant. It was established that on the devastated lands in Kryvyi Rih District, the initial soil formation occurs in very difficult conditions. Therefore, over 25- 100 years only very primitive soils were formed. The following features are inherent to them: (1) primitive soil profile (thickness 10-100 mm), (2) low levels of soil organic substance content (9.5-11.5 %), (3) alkaline indicators of the soil solution (pHH2O – 8.08-8.92, pHKCl – 7.42-8.23), (4) low levels of cation exchange capacity (6.34-8.47 mMol /100 g). By results of correlation calculations, among the factors of soil formation time (duration of soil formation) and input of plant ash elements’ fall are characterized by the maximum number of statistically significant correlation coefficients and their numerical values. In terms of chemical composition of the technosol, the values of organic matter content and exchangeable acidity (pHKCl) were the most predictable soil formation factors. Generally physical / chemical characteristics of geological rocks (as parent material) and time were the two most important factors in determining the initial pedogenesis on devastated lands in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine).