Academic literature on the topic 'Take-off node'
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Journal articles on the topic "Take-off node"
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Sharma, Deepak Kumar, and Deepika Kukreja. "Establishing Reliability for Efficient Routing in Opportunistic Networks." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 20, no. 1 (March 9, 2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v20i1.1479.
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Opportunistic network (Oppnet) is a class of networks where connections between the nodes are not permanent. The nodes are continuously moving and some nodes even switch off their batteries to conserve energy. Reliable delivery of messages in Opportunistic network is one major inherent issue. It is unreliable in the sense that once the source node has forwarded its message, then it will never get to know about its status in the network like whether the message has got discarded at an intermediate node or at the destination node (due to buffer overflow) or the successful delivery of the message has taken place. This work tries to make Oppnet as much reliable as possible. It proposes a reliability protocol named as “Reliability in Oppnet” (RIO). RIO improves the routing in Oppnet and works in parallel with the existing routing protocols. It makes the source node aware about the status of message so that if an error occurs then the source node can take suitable action to resend the message. It considers the redirection error, buffer overflow error, Time Limit Exceeded (TLE), parameter problem and destination unreachable errors that may occur inside the network. RIO has been tested using ONE simulator and implemented with Spray and Wait routing protocol. Results show that the RIO with Spray and Wait protocol outperforms normal Spray and Wait protocol in terms of average message delivery probability.
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Beltman, Joost B., Athanasius F. M. Marée, Jennifer N. Lynch, Mark J. Miller, and Rob J. de Boer. "Lymph node topology dictates T cell migration behavior." Journal of Experimental Medicine 204, no. 4 (March 26, 2007): 771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20061278.
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Adaptive immunity is initiated by T cell recognition of foreign peptides presented on dendritic cells (DCs) by major histocompatibility molecules. These interactions take place in secondary lymphoid tissues, such as lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen, and hence the anatomical structure of these tissues plays a crucial role in the development of immune responses. Two-photon microscopy (2PM) imaging in LNs suggests that T cells walk in a consistent direction for several minutes, pause briefly with a regular period, and then take off in a new, random direction. Here, we construct a spatially explicit model of T cell and DC migration in LNs and show that all dynamical properties of T cells could be a consequence of the densely packed LN environment. By means of 2PM experiments, we confirm that the large velocity fluctuations of T cells are indeed environmentally determined rather than resulting from an intrinsic motility program. Our simulations further predict that T cells self-organize into microscopically small, highly dynamic streams. We present experimental evidence for the presence of such turbulent streams in LNs. Finally, the model allows us to estimate the scanning rates of DCs (2,000 different T cells per hour) and T cells (100 different DCs per hour).
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Lin, Hai Feng, Anna Jiang, Di Bai, and Yun Fei Liu. "Energy-Efficient Node Scheduling for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks Using Voronoi Diagram." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 1054–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.1054.
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A wireless sensor network consists of distributed devices which can monitor physical and environmental conditions and have a lot of applications, such as environmental monitoring, habitat monitoring, object tracking, nuclear reactor controlling, fire detection and traffic monitoring. Although it has a lot of potential applications, a wireless sensor network is highly energy constrained. Limited energy resource to the sensor becomes an obstacle for its applications and efficient usage of energy helps in improving the network lifetime. Suppose a network has a high-density of sensor nodes, there will be lots of problems such as the intersection of sensing, redundant data, communication interference and energy waste. So it is necessary to set up a management application to maintain these resources. On the other hand, a high-density network can be fault tolerant and more accurate than low-density sensor networks. In this paper, we proposed a new scheduling for sensor networks which can decide the nodes to be on or off and maintain the coverage area for the original one. This management schema may take a node out of service temporally in order to save energy. Our design uses a Voronoi Diagram, which decomposes the sensing area into regions around each node.
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Chinara, Suchismita, and Santanu Kumar Rath. "Topology Control by Transmission Range Adjustment Protocol for Clustered Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." ISRN Communications and Networking 2011 (October 28, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/147925.
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The growth of interest and research on multihop wireless network is exponential in recent years. In mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), the nodes play the role of routers to forward the packets of neighbor nodes as there is no fixed infrastructure available to do so. Clustering is a proven solution that maps the architecture of cellular networks into ad hoc networks. Here, selected nodes form the virtual backbone of the network and take part in packet routing. This achieves faster packet delivery as limited nodes are responsible for the same even though the network is not strongly connected. In this paper, a distributed topology adaptive clustering algorithm is designed that requires local information by the nodes for the formation of clusters. The role of cluster head is fairly distributed among the nodes to obtain a longer network lifetime. The change of cluster heads and the mobility of nodes disturb the node connectivity resulting in communication instability. To overcome such situations, a topology control protocol is developed that adjusts the transmission range of concerned mobile nodes to achieve local connectivity among nodes within the clusters even after the hand-off by the heads takes place.
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Brown, Anna Mary, Sandeep Sankineni, Marcelino Bernardo, Dagane Daar, Juanita Weaver, Yolanda McKinney, Anna Couvillon, et al. "Ferumoxytol enhanced MRI for lymph node staging in prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2015): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.208.
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208 Background: Conventional imaging methods of lymph node staging in prostate cancer are limited. The goal of this study is to determine the utility of ferumoxytol enhanced MRI in lymph node (LN) staging. Methods: This ongoing IRB-approved clinical trial enrolls prostate cancer patients at high risk for LN metastases. Patients first undergo baseline T2 and T2* weighted MRI scans followed by 7.5mg/Kg ferumoxytol injection. Repeat scans are acquired at 24 hr and 48 hr post-injection. The criterion for positive LNs was hyperintense signal indicating failure to take up ferumoxytol. Validation was determined on clinical grounds or by histopathology when available. Results: To date, 11 patients have completed the study. One patient was examined pre-operatively while the other 10 had suspected therapy failure. Median age and PSA were 65 yrs (36-75) and 5.6ng/dL (0.3-201). Of 16 LNs with median size 1.6 x 1.1cm, 10 were true positives, one was false positive and one was false negative with 4 nodes pending validation. The LN status was correctly identified in 8 of 11 patients [Table]. Conclusions: Ferumoxytol enhanced MRI shows promise in detecting malignant LNs with diameter >6mm in prostate cancer paients. This method is performed in a conventional MRI unit with off-label use of an FDA-approved agent and thus could be widely available. However, further validation is necessary before routine use. Clinical trial information: NCT02141490. [Table: see text]
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Nathan, R. D. "Two electrophysiologically distinct types of cultured pacemaker cells from rabbit sinoatrial node." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 250, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): H325—H329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.250.2.h325.
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Previous investigations employing multicellular nodal preparations (i.e., mixtures of dominant and subsidiary pacemaker cells) have suggested that the fast transient inward sodium current (iNa) either is not present in dominant pacemaker cells or is present but inactivated at the depolarized take-off potentials that these cells exhibit. In the present study, this question was resolved by voltage clamp analysis of single pacemaker cells isolated from the sinoatrial node and maintained in vitro for 1-3 days. Two types of cells, each with a different morphology, exhibited two modes of electrophysiological behavior. Type I cells (presumably dominant pacemakers) displayed only a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant (but cadmium-sensitive) slow inward current, whereas type II cells (presumably subsidiary pacemakers) exhibited two components of inward current, a TTX-sensitive, fast transient inward current and a TTX-resistant (but cadmium-sensitive) slow inward current. Three other voltage-gated currents, 1) a slowly developing inward current activated by hyperpolarization (if, ih, delta ip), 2) a transient outward current activated by strong depolarization (ito, iA), and 3) a delayed outward current, were recorded in both types of pacemaker cells.
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Qin, Ivy, Hui Xu, Cuong Huynh, Bob Chylak, Hidenori Abe, Dongchul Kang, Yoshinori Endo, Masahiko Osaka, and Shinya Nakamura. "Fine Pitch Cu Wire Bonding Capability – Process Optimization and Reliability Study." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2014, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 000283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-tp43.
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Wire bonding has been around for over 70 years and it is still growing. The most recent advances in wire bonding are the wide proliferation of fine pitch Cu wire bonded applications and the development of fine pitch Cu capability extending to the newest technology nodes. Around 2008, fine pitch Cu wire bonding started to take off driven by the skyrocketing Au price. Since then, Cu wire bonding capability has improved dramatically so that today's advanced technology devices such as 28nm and 20nm nodes are being bonded with Cu wire including Pd coated and AuPd coated Cu wire. It turns out that not only is Cu wire cheaper, but it is more suitable for high I/O counts, and fine pitch advanced node applications due to its better electrical and mechanical properties. This paper examines the most advanced Cu wire bonding capability using a Cu optimized process called ProCuTM process. 40um pitch and 35um pitch capability are demonstrated using this new ProCu process. Process responses such as process bonding windows, intermetallic coverage (IMC), and free air ball size control are studied in detail. The ProCu process achieved fine pitch capability for 40um as a robust production process and it also shows that 35um pitch with 13um (0.5mil) wire is a possibility using the latest technology. The JEDEC Reliability test has been a challenge for Cu wire bonding especially for fine pitch applications. As part of this paper, we also examined reliability aspects of fine pitch Cu wire bonding. TEM analysis was used to understand the major factors that affect Cu wire bonding reliability.
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Cho, Yong-Hwan, Tomoaki Nakamura, Norimi Mizutani, and Kwang-Ho Lee. "An Experimental Study of a Bottom-Hinged Wave Energy Converter with a Reflection Wall in Regular Waves—Focusing on Behavioral Characteristics." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 26, 2020): 6734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196734.
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The hybrid system of wave energy converters (WECs) using coastal structures is an attractive issue in terms of a decrease in construction costs and an improvement of the ability to capture wave energy. Most studies on the utilization of reflected waves from structures, which is one of the hybrid systems, are limited to mathematical analysis based on linear theories. Therefore, this paper presents fundamental experimental results in the presence of a reflection wall simplified as a coastal structure behind a bottom-hinged flap-type WEC under unidirectional regular waves. The behavioral characteristics and the power generation efficiency ke of the flap were investigated, focusing on wave steepness, initial water depth, and distance from the reflection wall. The results show that the condition of the initial water depth being smaller than the flap height is more effective in terms of avoiding unstable rotating of the flap. The maximum ke appeared slightly far from the node position of the standing waves because the flap shape and the power take-off (PTO) damping induce the phase difference between the reciprocating behavior of the flap and the period of the standing wave. The results imply that the optimum position of a WEC is dependent on WEC shape, PTO damping, and installation water depth.
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M, Thirupathaiah. "Design and Implementation of Solar Based Dc Grid using Arduino Uno." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 6 (April 30, 2021): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.f8725.0410621.
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Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as Solar Photovoltaic (PV) became more popular over the last decade due to increasing environmental awareness and tax exemption policies on the solar PV systems. Integration of solar PV using various smart load management techniques will boost the efficiency of the overall system by reducing the massive cost of electricity bills. There is a need to find efficient and expert ways to enjoy these RES exclusively. Besides providing the connection between different loads, this system has the ability to collect information and execute control commands for the households by providing continuous observations and information about both load and supply profile, convincing the end user to take preventive measures by switching the auxiliary load to save power. This paper presents implementation of a low cost Solar based DC grid using Arduino. In the proposed system, the node which acts as a microcontroller reads the power consumption by the loads in each unit through current sensor. When the excess amount of power is consumed at particular unit, the controller makes the relay cut off the supply to the loads, which will be continuously displayed through LCD. This DC based power system helps to eliminate the requirement of converters systems, reducing converter cost, power system complexity, improve efficiency and reliability.
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Al-Dababseh, A. M. F., and E. V. Markova. "IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY OF ASSEMBLY OF THE KEEL STIFFNESS OF MILITARY TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT." RUSSIAN ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 36, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2020-36-2-18-44.
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The article is devoted to the development of the technology of sub-keel stiffness Assembly. Production of an airplane airframe begins with the manufacture of parts and ends with Assembly work of nodes, aggregates, docking and installation work on the finished product. Currently, one of the main elements of the productive process of manufacturing aircraft is considered Assembly production. The main factors that determine the specifics of Assembly work in aircraft construction are: the large number of parts of the airframe, as well as a wide variety of structural materials used. This leads to a variety of technological processes and equipment, complicates the planning, control and accounting of Assembly work; the complexity of production forms and low rigidity of most elements of the airframe design, which makes it necessary to use numerous and complex technological equipment; high requirements for the quality of the aircraft as a whole and its individual elements, which require the latest control methods, including special equipment; extensive cooperation of production significantly complicates the solution of issues of ensuring the accuracy and interchangeability of airframe design elements; frequent change of production facilities due to the rapid aging of aircraft equipment. The duration and complexity of Assembly work, depending on the type of aircraft, is from 30-56% of all production labor. Assembly and installation work includes airframe Assembly, installation of equipment and power plants, installation of flight control systems and take-off and landing facilities, airfield work to prepare the aircraft for flight tests and delivery to the customer. Assembly and installation works are characterized by the complexity of the work performed, a relatively low level of mechanization of technological operations of Assembly and installation, which entails a large labor intensity of manufacturing products, a low level of labor productivity. Assembly work can be divided into three types: node Assembly-Assembly of nodes (spars, ribs, frames, hatch flaps); aggregate - Assembly of compartments, units, sections of the airframe; General Assembly of aircraft - Assembly-docking of individual units into a whole product and leveling work.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Take-off node"
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Sandberg, Susanne. "Internationalization processes of small and medium-sized enterprises: Entering and taking off from emerging markets." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17726.
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The high economic growth of formerly closed markets such as China, Russia, Poland, and the Baltic states has created vast business and growth opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Although this international business expansion of SMEs occurs in highly dissimilar business contexts and fierce international competition, it remains overlooked by research. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis is to contribute to an enhanced understanding of internationalization processes of SMEs by studying the overarching research question: What are the main features of internationalization processes of SMEs in an emerging market context? Three sub-problems are researched with regard to SMEs entering and taking off from emerging markets, as well as differences and similarities between these processes, in order to identify what features characterize them. Empirically, two surveys of 116 and 203 Swedish SMEs, respectively, with experiences of entry into emerging markets were conducted through standardized questionnaires via mail and on-site visits. In addition, case studies were conducted through interviews and observations of five internationalizing Chinese SMEs and four Chinese wholesale and retail market platforms. Five essays are compiled within the thesis and major findings and conclusions provide theoretical and empirical contributions to research on the internationalization processes of SMEs. With regard to the overlooked internationally experienced manufacturing SMEs from mature markets such as Sweden, theoretical advancements are made identifying the main concepts of their entry into emerging markets: entry node (the establishment point into the foreign business network); market-specific experiential knowledge; and perceived institutional distance. With regard to the internationally novel Chinese SMEs, these were seen to diverge from traditional internationalization paths. Indications were found of a parallel expansion abroad and at home, even using foreign markets as a springboard for further growth at home. The take-off node concerns the departure from an emerging home market, where a paradox of knowledge was found: the use of indirect export via a domestic intermediary facilitates the take off, but hinders further international expansion since no international experience or relationships are built up. Moreover, institutional distance was reduced due to collective internationalization through co-locating abroad. Generally, degree of maturity of the home market; as well as degree of internationalization and type of firm; are the main features behind differences between internationalization processes of SMEs in an emerging market context.
Books on the topic "Take-off node"
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Taylor, Jackson. Notebook: Funny Bartender Cut off Gift for Women Men Bartending Blank Content Black Cover Art Design Notebook Journal Gifts with College Lined for Men and Women Journal Size 6in - 9in - 125 Pages Write in Take Note. Independently Published, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Take-off node"
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Sandberg, Susanne. "Internationalization patterns of Chinese private-owned SMEs: Initial stages of internationalization and cluster as take-off node." In Progress in International Business Research, 89–114. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s1745-8862(2009)0000004009.
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"EDITING THE PICTURE: 2 Off-line editing PAs take note! On-line editing." In Continuity Supervisor, 180–81. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080503059-88.
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Tännsjö, Torbjörn. "Some Controversial Implications of the Three Theories." In Setting Health-Care Priorities, 54–70. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946883.003.0006.
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Utilitarianism, the maximin/leximin theory, egalitarianism, and prioritarianism all come with, on the face of it, plausible rationales. However, these theories are inconsistent with one another, so they cannot all be true. It is of note, also, that each of them comes with some problematic implications. In particular, according to utilitarianism there are fewer reasons to extend the life of an unhappy person than the life of a happy person. Hence it has been thought to discriminate against disability. On the maximin/leximin theory, on the other hand, those who are worst off may seem to have a morally legitimate claim on all the good things in life (they become what is here nicknamed as ‘utility thieves’). Egalitarianism implies that levelling down to a situation where everyone is on the same low level of happiness means, at least in one respect, an improvement. Moreover, egalitarianism is insensitive in relation to momentary suffering. Prioritarianism does take suffering seriously, but apart from this it shares the standard problems with utilitarianism, which is only to be expected, since it is here seen as a mere amendment to utilitarianism.
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Lounsberry, Barbara. "The Loose-Leaf Diary." In Virginia Woolf's Modernist Path. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813062952.003.0009.
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In 1927, Woolf embarks on a two-and-a-half-year experiment with a loose-leaf diary, meant to catch more stray or “loose” thoughts. Her 1927 loose-leaf diary seems to plunge her into her creative unconscious. An off-handed air emerges from this diary, which seems a holding pond spontaneously spouting scenes. Orlando comes to her in this diary and the play-poem The Waves. The loose-leaf diary both invites unfettered fancy and serves as a site to preserve, and even restrain, Woolf’s “gushing mind” as she enjoys the “ardour and lust of creation.” Touchingly, at this time when Woolf is awash in spontaneous invention, she reads in August 1927 the first published version of Katherine Mansfield’s Journal. She could hardly fail to note there Mansfield’s greater struggle and self-doubt. Yet Woolf finds Mansfield's Journal most suggestive. Mansfield endorses androgyny there; she describes an imaginary child who changes gender. Journal passages also resonate uncannily with Woolf’s own growing ideas for The Waves, and Mansfield offers the concept of “derision” which Woolf will take for Three Guineas. More than anything, however, Mansfield’s 1927 Journal presents Woolf with ideas and a cautionary life story for A Room of One’s Own.
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Crane, Hewitt, Edwin Kinderman, and Ripudaman Malhotra. "Our Energy Income: Geothermal, Hydropower, Wind, Solar, and Biomass." In A Cubic Mile of Oil. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195325546.003.0016.
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We briefly discuss our income resources, or renewables, as they are often referred to, in chapters 1 and 3. These resources differ from our inherited resources in that they can potentially last for as long as civilization exists and beyond. We would be better off if we could live off our income, instead of relying on our inheritance that will some day be exhausted. While historically we survived on income resources for many millennia, those sources cannot support our current lifestyle, and they contribute only a very small portion to our total annual energy budget. Given the overall desirability of switching to income sources, in this chapter we review the status of different technologies for using them and what it would take for each one to become a substantial contributor. As we shall see, none of these technologies is currently economic, and they are not free from being potentially damaging to the environment when grown to the required scale. Income resources can offer a path toward sustainability if we are able to engineer the systems correctly without creating other problems along the way. With that in mind, we begin by enumerating our principal energy income resources: . . . Radiant energy from the sun, which also drives the wind and the water cycle, and provides the energy for plants to grow Heat energy from Earth Tidal energy derived from the moon’s gravitational attraction Wave and ocean-current energy . . . The radiant energy derived from the sun is by far the largest contributor (see chapter 3, box titled “Total Solar Flux”). It comes from a series of solar reactions that result in the fusion of hydrogen into helium. The sun’s radiant energy directly or indirectly spawns biomass, photovoltaic electricity, solar-thermal, and wind energy. It also results in derivative energy sources such as wave energy (from wind), ocean-current energy, and hydropower. In chapter 3 we briefly introduced these income resources and noted that the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth is around 23,000 CMO/yr.
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Mach, Traci L., Courtney M. Carter, and Cailin R. Slattery. "To Lend or Not to Lend." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 56–77. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9604-4.ch003.
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The current paper examines loan-level data from Lending Club to look at peer-to-peer borrowing by small businesses. We begin by looking at characteristics of loan applications that were and were not funded and then take a more in-depth look at funded applications. Summary statistics show an increasing number of small business loan applications over time. Beginning in 2010—when consistent measures of loan purpose were recorded for all applications—loan applications for small businesses were on average less likely than loans for other purposes to have been funded. However, logistic regression results that control for the quality of the application show that, holding all else constant, applications for a loan for a small business were almost twice as likely to have been funded as loans for other purposes. Focusing on funded applications, we note that funded business loans were slightly larger on average than loans funded for other purposes but paid similar interest rates. However, relative to small business loans from traditional sources, peer-to-peer small business borrowers paid an interest rate that was about two times higher. Regression results that control for application quality show that peer-to-peer loans for small businesses were charged almost a percentage point interest rate premium over non-business loans. Logistic regression results that look at loan performance indicate that loans for small businesses were much more likely to be delinquent or charged off.
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Mach, Traci L., Courtney M. Carter, and Cailin R. Slattery. "To Lend or Not to Lend." In Start-Ups and SMEs, 1–22. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1760-4.ch001.
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The current paper examines loan-level data from Lending Club to look at peer-to-peer borrowing by small businesses. We begin by looking at characteristics of loan applications that were and were not funded and then take a more in-depth look at funded applications. Summary statistics show an increasing number of small business loan applications over time. Beginning in 2010—when consistent measures of loan purpose were recorded for all applications—loan applications for small businesses were on average less likely than loans for other purposes to have been funded. However, logistic regression results that control for the quality of the application show that, holding all else constant, applications for a loan for a small business were almost twice as likely to have been funded as loans for other purposes. Focusing on funded applications, we note that funded business loans were slightly larger on average than loans funded for other purposes but paid similar interest rates. However, relative to small business loans from traditional sources, peer-to-peer small business borrowers paid an interest rate that was about two times higher. Regression results that control for application quality show that peer-to-peer loans for small businesses were charged almost a percentage point interest rate premium over non-business loans. Logistic regression results that look at loan performance indicate that loans for small businesses were much more likely to be delinquent or charged off.
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Ahlskog, J. Eric. "Parkinsonism Treatment for Those Already on Medications." In Dementia with Lewy Body and Parkinson's Disease Patients. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199977567.003.0013.
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The previous chapter provided instructions for starting and adjusting carbidopa/levodopa, but specifically pertained to those individuals on no other drugs for parkinsonism or those on only a low carbidopa/levodopa dosage. In this chapter, we focus on people who are taking other drugs for parkinsonism either with or without carbidopa/levodopa. As mentioned earlier, people with DLB or PDD are prone to hallucinations and delusions, which can be exacerbated by drugs for parkinsonism. Carbidopa/levodopa is the least likely to worsen or provoke these problems; however, this is true only if it is used alone (i.e., without other parkinsonism drugs). Carbidopa/levodopa is also the most efficacious drug for parkinsonism. Thus it is reasonable to take the approach that carbidopa/levodopa should be the sole treatment for parkinsonism in DLB or PDD. Whereas using carbidopa/levodopa by itself is often tolerated, adding it to other parkinsonian medications may provoke problems, especially hallucinations or delusions. Hence, before starting carbidopa/levodopa, it is wise to scrutinize the medication list and eliminate other parkinsonism drugs, one by one. There are two general rules of thumb regarding these medications: 1 It is not necessary to change drugs if things are going well and are expected to continue. 2 Change only one medication at a time (but if there are severe drug side effects, the physician may take more aggressive action). Some drugs are worse offenders than others and will be prioritized with that in mind. Note that a variety of schemes may be employed to taper off a drug. The drug-elimination schedules provided below are somewhat arbitrary and other similar schedules may work as well. The most important factor is the total time to reduce the dosage down to zero. The longer a person has been on a medication and the higher the dosage, the more prolonged the taper. The clinician needs to work closely with the patient as this is being done. Parkinsonism may transiently worsen when these drugs are eliminated; however, this typically can subsequently be reversed with carbidopa/levodopa adjustments.
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Verschuur, Gerrit L. "The Great Comet Crash of 1994." In Impact! Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195101058.003.0017.
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Just as everyone offering odds was beginning to feel secure that comet impact is not an immediate threat to life on earth, I heard several planetary scientists state confidently that there was not even a chance of our seeing a comet-planet collision in our lifetimes. Since then Jupiter suffered the humiliation of being lashed by no less than 21 comet fragments, most of them sizable objects in their own right. The saga began on March 24, 1993, when Carolyn Shoemaker discovered a “squashed comet” in a photograph that had just been taken by the team of which she was a member. She and her husband, Eugene, together with David Levy were using the 18-inch Schmidt telescope on Palomar Mountain near San Diego to hunt for near-earth asteroids and none of them had ever seen a squashed comet before. What happened to set the scene for the discovery of the squashed comet is now apocryphal. The previous night had been perfect for the search, but someone had apparently exposed a box of film to daylight so that the exposures turned out totally black. The box of film was set aside, which was no immediate loss because on the fateful night the skies were mostly cloudy, which made comet hunting very difficult. Apparently David Levy, not wont to waste any opportunity to take more pictures, suggested that they go ahead and use some of the ruined sheets of film just in case some were not totally useless. At a cost of $4 per sheet, the film was usually very carefully used, given that they took photographs every ten minutes or so, all night long. Normally they would not have taken data that night, but why not go ahead and fire off a few exposures with the bad film. between and through the clouds. As luck would have it, the sheets of film deeper into the box were only light-damaged around their edges, so they managed to get some nice photographs. It was Carolyn Shoemaker’s task to place a pair of developed pictures taken 45 minutes apart of the same area of sky into a stereo microscope.
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Ling, Roger, Paul Arthur, Georgia Clarke, Estelle Lazer, Lesley A. Ling, Peter Rush, and Andrew Waters. "The Insula: Position, Terrain, Layout." In The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii: Volume 1: The Structures. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198134091.003.0009.
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The insula del menandro (pompeii I 10) is one of a number of large and slightly irregular blocks lying between the presumed old part of the city (the Altstadt, roughly equivalent to the area south of Via delle Terme and Via della Fortuna and west of Via Stabiana) and the regular rectangular grid which occupies the eastern part of the final walled city (the Neustadt) . It has traditionally been believed that the Altstadt was the original settlement, dating perhaps to the seventh or sixth centuries BC, and that this expanded during the fifth or fourth centuries to accommodate a massive rise in population; but research since the early 1980s has suggested that there was a circuit of walls on the present line as early as the sixth century BC, in which case the Altstadt should perhaps be regarded as a religious or commercial enclave marked off within the city—a ‘kind of acropolis’, as Kockel describes it. None the less, it is clear that the development of the walled area did not take place in one fell swoop but represents a series of successive phases spread over a period of time. A crucial phase In the process was the laying out, perhaps in the early third century BC, of the city’s three major streets: the principal cardo, Via Vesuvio/Stabiana, and the two main decumani, Via delle Terme/della Fortuna/di Nola and Via dell’Abbondanza. The creation of our quarter ought logically to have come soon after, since It is predicated upon the existence of the new thoroughfares. The positions of Via di Nola and Via dell’Abbondanza were determined by dividing the length of Via Stabiana into three; the divisions so created were then bisected by further decumani aligned upon the towers of the eastern defences, and the central and southern zones were further subdivided to establish a series of rhomboidal blocks roughly 60 m. wide and deep. This phase extended only a couple of blocks east of Via Stabiana, and our insula is one of those on the eastern periphery. The rectangular grid to the east is clearly later.
Conference papers on the topic "Take-off node"
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Tomar, G., G. Biswas, and A. Sharma. "Analysis of Formation of Vapor Columns in Film Boiling." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41124.
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Boiling is an effective means of enhancing heat transfer from a heated surface. Above a critical superheat and heat flux (Leidenfrost point) stable film boiling is observed. In the film boiling regime, bubble formation occurs periodically in space and time. The site of bubble growth is called a node and the site between two nodes is called an antinode. The spacing between two consecutive nodes is given by the most dangerous Taylor wavelength (Berenson, 1961). An increase in the superheat results in an increase in the frequency of bubble formation and its subsequent detachment. Reimann and Grigull (1975) in their experiments observed that above a critical heat flux, bifurcation from the periodic bubble formation occurs and at the nodes, stable column formation takes place. However, at the antinodes, periodic bubble formation is still observed. On further increasing the heat flux, thin slender vapor columns form at the nodes and antinodes. Bubble formation and detachment in such cases take place from the tip of these stable columns. Numerical simulations of bubble growth in film boiling have been attempted using Volume of Fluid (VOF) methods as well Level Set (LS) methods. We here use a Coupled Level Set and Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) method to perform simulations of saturated film boiling of water at near critical pressure (21.9MPa). In these simulations, we show that the initial film thickness plays a key role in the prediction of the critical superheat above which stable vapor columns are observed to be formed. Capillary pressure leads to snap-off of the leftover-stem of vapor after bubble detachment. Formation of stable columns is a result of balance between the inertial pressure due to the vapor influx into the column and the capillary pressure.
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Holt, L., U. Rohde, M. Seidl, A. Schubert, P. Van Uffelen, and R. Macián-Juan. "Two-Way Coupling Between the Reactor Dynamics Code DYN3D and the Fuel Performance Code TRANSURANUS at Assembly Level." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30812.
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In the last two decades the reactor dynamics code DYN3D was coupled to thermal hydraulics system codes, a sub-channel thermal hydraulics code and CFD codes. These earlier developed code systems allow modeling of the thermal hydraulics phenomena occurring during reactor transients and accidents in greater detail. Still these code systems lack a sufficiently sophisticated fuel behavior model, which is able i.e. to take into account the fission gas behavior during normal operation, off-normal conditions and transients. To our knowledge a two-way coupling to a fuel performance code hasn’t so far been reported in the open literature for calculating a full core with detailed and well validated fuel behavior models. A new two-way coupling approach between DYN3D and the fuel performance code TRANSURANUS is presented. In the coupling, DYN3D provides the time-dependent rod power and thermal hydraulics conditions to TRANSURANUS, which in turn transfers parameters like fuel temperature and cladding temperature back to DYN3D. The main part of the development is a general TRANSURANUS coupling interface that is applicable for linking of any other reactor dynamics codes, thermal hydraulics system codes and sub-channel codes to TRANSURANUS. Beside its generality, other features of this interface are the application at either fuel assembly or fuel rod level, one-way or two-way coupling, automatic switching from steady to transient conditions in TRANSURANUS (including update of the material properties etc.), writing of all TRANSURANUS output files and the possibility of manual pre- and post-calculations with TRANSURANUS in standalone mode. The TRANSURANUS code can be used in combination with this coupling interface in various scenarios: different fuel compositions in the reactor types BWR, PWR, VVER, HWR and FBR, considering time scales from milliseconds (i.e. RIA) over seconds/ minutes (i.e. LOCA) to years (i.e. normal operation) and thence different reactor states. Results of DYN3D-TRANSURANUS are shown for a control rod ejection transient in a German PWR. In particular, it appears that for all burn-up levels the two-way coupling approach systematically calculates higher maximum values for the node fuel enthalpy (max. difference of 46 J/g) and node centerline fuel temperature (max. difference of 181 K), compared to DYN3D standalone in best estimate calculations. These differences can be completely explained by the more detailed TRANSURANUS modeling of fuel thermal conductivity, radial power density profile and heat transfer in the gap. As known from fuel performance codes, the modeling of the heat transfer in the gap is sensitive and causes also larger differences in case of low burn-up. The numerical convergence for DYN3D-TRANSURANUS is quick and stable. The coupled code system can improve the assessment of safety criteria, at a reasonable computational cost with a CPU time of less than seven hours without parallelization.
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Ranjan, Robin R., Devendra V. Parmar, Hardik K. Raipuria, and Pradeep B. Singh. "Innovative Nose Cone Design of Aircraft." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50264.
Full textAbstract:
The term aerodynamic design means to have a drag reducing shape that cause to reduce the resistance offered by the fluid. Currently designs of the aircraft nosecone is simple rigid shaped Our concept is to have a type of inter-flight convertible nosecone, which can change its shape according with the physical condition of the environment, it means when the aircraft is to take-off, at that time it must have the most aerodynamic shape. And thus the shape of its nosecone should be sharp or may be pin pointed. And if the aircraft has to land back on the runway, it has to resist the air so that the landing can be much smoother & safer. Thus the shape of the nosecone must be blunt. To make this possible we have an idea of conversion of the nosecone during the flight, To verify our idea and to found its real application, we have done various aerodynamic nosecone analysis for aircraft, for which we have followed various mathematical series like ogive series, hack series, power series and ellipse series to find out the best possible solution. We are aiming for the better nosecone design of aircraft, whose shape will vary with the situation and thus it is possible to increase the efficiency of the aircraft in terms of aerodynamic.
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Neri, Eleonora, John Kennedy, and Gareth J. Bennett. "Characterization of Low Noise Technologies Applied to a Full Scale Fuselage Mounted Nose Landing Gear." In ASME 2015 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2015. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2015-5911.
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The negative impact of aircraft noise includes effects on population’s health, land use planning and economic issues such as building restrictions and operating restrictions for airports. Thus, the reduction of noise generated by aircraft at take-off and approach is an essential consideration in the development of new commercial aircraft. Among the different aircraft noise sources, landing gear noise is one of the most significant during approach. This research presents results from the European Clean Sky funded ALLEGRA project, which investigated a full-scale Nose Landing Gear (NLG) model featuring the belly fuselage, bay cavity and hydraulic dressing. Tests were performed for a variety of wind speeds and yaw angles. In this paper, a characterization of the noise generated by the full-scale Nose Landing Gear (NLG) model is presented and the different techniques used for characterizing acoustic sources on the NLG are described. The landing gear noise source is characterized in terms of OASPL, directivity, source spectra, PNL and PNLT. A comparison between the NLG with and without the application of low noise technology is presented.
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Chandra, Budi, and Kathy Simmons. "Innovative Shallow Sump Customizations for Aero-Engine Bearing Chambers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56107.
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Aero-engines incorporate various bearing chambers and these typically contain bearings, seals, rotating shafts, stationary walls and struts, and sometimes gears. Oil is supplied for lubrication and cooling and is removed (scavenged) from the sump region of the chamber (note that in some parts of the world the entire bearing chamber is referred to as the sump). Depending on the location and function of the bearing chamber, the sump region may be deep or shallow. Effective oil removal is essential as unnecessary working of the oil can lead to excessive heat generation and reduced overall efficiency. Therefore the design of the scavenge region in a bearing chamber, as well as the ability to assess its performance is very important. Previous work, much of which was conducted at the University of Nottingham Technology Centre in Gas Turbine Transmission Systems (UTC) suggests that oil often does not flow cleanly into the off-take due to a combination of several factors: oil momentum, windage, three-dimensional air flow that blocks the off-take flow or transports oil away from the off-take, and pooling because of separated air flow that acts on the oil once oil momentum is dissipated. Experimental research at the UTC found that scavenge performance is highly affected by the sump geometry, especially its depth. Variations of shallow sumps, although some are better than the others, cannot offer the same level of performance as a deep one. However space limitation in an engine often only allows for a shallow sump. This paper presents some experimental exploration on new design ideas. They are in the form of various inserts and attachments that were designed to improve scavenge performance of a shallow sump. These “custom” sumps were tested on the UTC’s scavenge test facility at various flow settings (wall film/flying droplets, liquid flow rates, scavenge ratios, shaft speeds). The residence volumes were measured and compared to a baseline configuration with reduction in residence volume desirable. The inserts tested were a Grille Cover, a Stepped Spillway, a Perforated Plate and a Porous Insert. Both the Porous Insert and the Perforated Plate showed reduced residence volumes in the demanding droplet/windage dominated flow condition with the Perforated Plate offering the best improvement over baseline.
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Neri, Eleonora, John Kennedy, and Gareth J. Bennett. "Aeroacoustic Source Separation on a Full Scale Nose Landing Gear Featuring Combinations of Low Noise Technologies." In ASME 2015 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2015. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2015-5912.
Full textAbstract:
The reduction of noise generated by aircraft at take-off and approach is crucial in the design of new commercial aircraft. Landing gear noise is significant contribution to the total noise sources during approach. The noise is generated by the interaction between the non-aerodynamic components of the landing gear and the flow, which leads to turbulence generated noise. This research presents results from the European Clean Sky funded ALLEGRA project. The project investigated a full-scale Nose Landing Gear (NLG) model featuring the belly fuselage, bay cavity and hydraulic dressing. A number of low noise treatments were applied to the NLG model including a ramp door spoiler, a wheel axel wind shield, wheel hub caps and perforated fairings. Over 250 far field sensors were deployed in a number of microphone arrays. Since technologies were tested both in isolation and in combination the additive effects of the technologies can be assessed. This study describes the different techniques used to quantify the contribution of each technology to the global noise reduction. The noise reduction technologies will be assessed as a function of frequency range and through beamforming techniques such as source deletion.
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Kim, Sung-Jae, Weoncheol Koo, and Moo-Hyun Kim. "Nonlinear Time-Domain Simulation of the Heaving-Buoy Type Wave Energy Converter by Using Three-Dimensional Potential Numerical Wave Tank Under Irregular Wave Conditions." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18392.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of a heaving buoy type wave energy converter (WEC) and power take-off (PTO) system. To simulate the nonlinear behavior of the WEC with PTO system, a three-dimensional potential numerical wave tank (PNWT) was developed. The PNWT is a numerical analysis tool that can accurately reproduce experiments in physical wave tanks. The developed time-domain PNWT utilized the previously developed NWT technique and newly adopted the side wall damping area. The PNWT is based on boundary element method with constant panels. The mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian method (MEL) and acceleration potential approach were adopted to simulate the nonlinear behaviors of free-surface nodes associated with body motions. The PM spectrum as an irregular incident wave condition was applied to the input boundary. A floating or fixed type WEC structure was placed in the center of the computational domain. A hydraulic PTO system composed of a hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor and generator was modeled with approximate Coulomb damping force and applied to the WEC system. Using the integrated numerical model of the WEC with PTO system, nonlinear interaction of irregular waves, the WEC structure, and the PTO system were simulated in the time domain. The optimal hydraulic pressure of the PTO condition was predicted. The hydrodynamic performance of the WEC was evaluated by comparing the linear and nonlinear analytical results and highlighted the importance accounting for nonlinear free surfaces.
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Akturk, Ali, and Cengiz Camcı. "Lip Separation and Inlet Flow Distortion Control in Ducted Fans Used in VTOL Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26249.
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This paper describes a novel ducted fan inlet flow conditioning concept that will significantly improve the performance and controllability of ducted fan systems operating at high angle of attack. High angle of attack operation of ducted fans is very common in VTOL (vertical take off and landing) UAV systems. The new concept that will significantly reduce the inlet lip separation related performance penalties in the edgewise/forward flight zone is named DOUBLE DUCTED FAN (DDF). The current concept uses a secondary stationary duct system to control inlet lip separation related momentum deficit at the inlet of the fan rotor occurring at elevated edgewise flight velocities. The DDF is self-adjusting in a wide edgewise flight velocity range and its corrective aerodynamic effect becomes more pronounced with increasing flight velocity due to its inherent design properties. Most axial flow fans are designed for an axial inlet flow with zero or minimal inlet flow distortion. The DDF concept is proven to be an effective way of dealing with inlet flow distortions occurring near the lip section of any axial flow fan system, especially at high angle of attack. In this present paper, a conventional baseline duct without any lip separation control feature is compared to two different double ducted fans named DDF CASE-A and DDF CASE-B via 3D, viscous and turbulent flow computational analysis. Both hover and edgewise flight conditions are considered. Significant relative improvements from DDF CASE-A and DDF CASE-B are in the areas of vertical force (thrust) enhancement, nose-up pitching moment control and recovery of fan through-flow mass flow rate in a wide horizontal flight range.
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Patel, Pankaj, Vishnu Prajapati, and Amit Modi. "Better Power Generation From Gas Turbine Along With Improved Heat Rate." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38842.
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Performance of a Gas Turbine is largely dependent on inlet air temperature. Gas Turbines are constant volume machines. At a given shaft speed they always move the same volume of air. But the power output of a turbine depends on the flow of mass through it. This is precisely the reason why on hot days, when air is less dense, power output falls off. A rise of one degree Centigrade temperature of Inlet air decreases the power output by 1% and at the same time heat rate of the turbine also goes up. This is a matter of great concern to power producers. Many techniques have been developed to cool Inlet air to Gas Turbine. Traditionally, Gas Turbine inlet air has been cooled by either mechanical chillers or media type evaporative coolers. It is also important to note that power consumption to cool inlet air is also of concern since it decreases the net power output of a Gas Turbine. In mechanical Chiller auxiliary power consumption is very high compared to media type evaporative coolers. Efficiency of evaporative cooler largely depends on moisture present in the air. Higher the moisture in the air lesser the advantage from it. Use of Geo exchange Systems can provide energy-efficient cooling by using underground pipes, filled with water solution because the underground temperature is quite low than ambient temperature and relatively constant round the year. Circulation of water in closed loop pipe system will extract heat from the inlet air to Gas Turbine and disperse the same into the earth. This will reduce sensible heat from the inlet air, which gives more benefit. After reduction in dry bulb temperature we can take advantage from Fog system /Evaporative Cooler. Using a combination we can get much more benefit. This will not only improve power output but also improve the heat rate of the Gas Turbine.
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Qiu, Rui, and Yongtu Liang. "A Novel Approach for Two-Stage UAV Path Planning in Pipeline Network Inspection." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9604.
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Abstract Currently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) provides the possibility of comprehensive coverage and multi-dimensional visualization of pipeline monitoring. Encouraged by industry policy, research on UAV path planning in pipeline network inspection has emerged. The difficulties of this issue lie in strict operational requirements, variable flight missions, as well as unified optimization for UAV deployment and real-time path planning. Meanwhile, the intricate structure and large scale of the pipeline network further complicate this issue. At present, there is still room to improve the practicality and applicability of the mathematical model and solution strategy. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a novel two-stage optimization approach for UAV path planning in pipeline network inspection. The first stage is conventional pre-flight planning, where the requirement for optimality is higher than calculation time. Therefore, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is established and solved by the commercial solver to obtain the optimal UAV number, take-off location and detailed flight path. The second stage is re-planning during the flight, taking into account frequent pipeline accidents (e.g. leaks and cracks). In this stage, the flight path must be timely rescheduled to identify specific hazardous locations. Thus, the requirement for calculation time is higher than optimality and the genetic algorithm is used for solution to satisfy the timeliness of decision-making. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the UAV inspection of a branched oil and gas transmission pipeline network with 36 nodes and the results are analyzed in detail in terms of computational performance. In the first stage, compared to manpower inspection, the total cost and time of UAV inspection is decreased by 54% and 56% respectively. In the second stage, it takes less than 1 minute to obtain a suboptimal solution, verifying the applicability and superiority of the method.
Reports on the topic "Take-off node"
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Doo, Johnny. Unsettled Issues Concerning eVTOL for Rapid-response, On-demand Firefighting. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021017.
Full textAbstract:
Recent advancements of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry, and many novel applications have been identified and are in development. One promising application for these innovative systems is in firefighting, with eVTOL aircraft complementing current firefighting capabilities to help save lives and reduce fire-induced damages. With increased global occurrences and scales of wildfires—not to mention the issues firefighters face during urban and rural firefighting operations daily—eVTOL technology could offer timely, on-demand, and potentially cost-effective aerial mobility capabilities to counter these challenges. Early detection and suppression of wildfires could prevent many fires from becoming large-scale disasters. eVTOL aircraft may not have the capacity of larger aerial assets for firefighting, but targeted suppression, potentially in swarm operations, could be valuable. Most importantly, on-demand aerial extraction of firefighters can be a crucial benefit during wildfire control operations. Aerial firefighter dispatch from local fire stations or vertiports can result in more effective operations, and targeted aerial fire suppression and civilian extraction from high-rise buildings could enhance capabilities significantly. There are some challenges that need to be addressed before the identified capabilities and benefits are realized at scale, including the development of firefighting-specific eVTOL vehicles; sense and avoid capabilities in complex, smoke-inhibited environments; autonomous and remote operating capabilities; charging system compatibility and availability; operator and controller training; dynamic airspace management; and vehicle/fleet logistics and support. Acceptance from both the first-responder community and the general public is also critical for the successful implementation of these new capabilities. The purpose of this report is to identify the benefits and challenges of implementation, as well as some of the potential solutions. Based on the rapid development progress of eVTOL aircraft and infrastructures with proactive community engagement, it is envisioned that these challenges can be addressed soon. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.