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1
Hutchinson, Tsekwa Jennifer. "'Travelling Tales' : American (re)constructions of South Africa and Africa through study abroad in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14804.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-138).Postcolonial theory has been critiqued for essentializing the North and being too theoretical. Yet it has also been described as essential for the ongoing decolonization of our world. Scholars in a range of disciplines have therefore suggested the need to 'examine specific practices and devises in particular times and places' in order to expose and challenge the ways that certain forms of discourse function to maintain imperialist interests and misrepresentations of Africa in the 'West.' To these ends, this study looks at the construction of early European/American travelers' tales and the experience of study abroad in South Africa as two particular practices that are relevant to the concerns of postcolonialism. While much has been written about each of these phenomena on their own, little has been done to bring them into a conversation with each other. To fill this gap, this dissertation draws on narrative analysis, symbolic convergence theory, discourse analysis and postcolonial theory to explore the dominant narratives that emerge in the pre-trip, embodied trip and post-trip tellings of both types of tales. In order to discover the meaning-making processes of these narratives, qualitative methods were used. Firstly, an extensive literature review was undertaken of early travelers' tales (written between 1600 and 1900), images of Africa in the United States, travel and tourism theory and study abroad literature. Eight focus groups and six one-on-one interviews were then conducted with a total of 36 American students, who were either directly enrolled at the University of Cape Town or participants in the School for International Training (SIT) in Cape Town. These interviews were then followed up with email correspondence once the students had returned home. This study found that while study abroad narratives have enormous potential to challenge the negative and inaccurate stereotypes about Africa in the United States, many strains still exist that mirror the rhetoric of early travelers' tales and promote notions of Africa as 'wild', 'dangerous' and 'underdeveloped' and South Africa as the 'light' version of Africa. However, in contrast to the writers of early travelers' tales, the students who participated in this study demonstrated many more instances of critical self-reflection and desire for change.
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Parker, Alan Charles. "Corporeal tales : an investigation into narrative form in contemporary South African dance and choreography." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007658.
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In the years following the fall of Apartheid in South Africa, dance and choreography have undergone considerable transformation. This investigation stems from one observation relative to this change that has been articulated by two of South Africa's most respected dance critics, Adrienne Sichel and Matthew Krouse. Both critics have noted a growing concern for narrative in South African contemporary choreography, coupled with an apparent propensity for narratives of a distinctly personal and 'autobiographical' nature. In Part One: 'Just after the beginning', the proposed preoccupation with narrative in South African contemporary choreography is discussed in light of the relationship between narrative and the notion of personal identity. The use of the performed narrative as a medium to explore questions about identity is offered as one explanation underpinning this increased proclivity, where the interrogation of the form of the danced narrative provides a site for exploration of personal identity. Part Two: 'Somewhere in the middle' interrogates the notion of form through an in-depth discussion of the experimentation with form within theatrical and antitheatrical dance traditions over the last fifty years. Specific works by three selected South African choreographers (Ginslov, Maqoma and Sabbagha) are discussed in terms of their general approach to narrative form. This provides an illustration of some of the approaches to narrative form emergent in contemporary South African choreographic practices. Part Three: 'Nearing the end' offers Acty Tang's Chaste (2007) as a case study to illustrate the practical application of the dance narrative as a means to interrogate questions relating to personal identity. A detailed analysis of Tang's particular approach to forming the narrative of Chaste is conducted, exposing the intertextual, multimedia and multidisciplinary approach to creating the danced narrative.
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Gugelchuk, Gary Michael. "A generative-transformational analysis of the plots of Limba (West Africa) dilemma tales /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487259125221197.
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Naidu, Sam. "Transcribing tales, creating cultural identities an analysis of selected written english texts of Xhosa folktales." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002229.
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This thesis maps a marriage of postcolonial theory and folklore studies. The progeny of this marriage is an analytic tool which can suitably and effectively tackle the subject of written folktale texts, whether they be part of a nineteenth century colonialist discourse, or a twenty-first century nationalist discourse. First, GM Theal's collection of folktale texts, Kaffir Folklore (1882), is analysed as part of his specific colonialist discourse. Theal formulated for himself, and for the Xhosa peoples, identities which consolidated the colonialisms he supported. I argue that these folktale texts, although a part of Theal's colonialist discourse, are hybrid, containing the voices of both coloniser and colonised. Second, the position of contemporary written folktales in a neo-colonialist and >new nationalist discourse=, is examined. The optimistic belief of scholars and authors, that folktales are a means of bridging cultural gaps, is questioned. Finally, it is shown that authors of folktale texts can synthesise diverse literary traditions in a hybrid artform. This synthesis, to some extent, embodies the >new nationalist= aim of a unified national cultural identity in South Africa. The central value of recognising the role of folktale texts in colonialist and nationalist discourses lies in the awareness that this type of literary activity in South Africa is a cross-cultural practice. The confluence of voices which constitutes these folktale texts, reveals that our stories are intertwined. In the past, the discourses of colonialism and apartheid controlled the formation of the diverse and hierarchised cultural identities of South Africa. But this is not to say that alternative stories of self-fashioning and cultural self-determination did not exist. In the folktale texts of writers such as Mhlope, Jordan, and even in Theal's colonial collection, different mediums, literary heritages and styles converge to create narratives which speak of cross-cultural interaction and the empowerment of the black voice. In post-apartheid South Africa, there is even greater opportunity to reshape stories, to recreate selves, and to redefine intercultural relations. This thesis has outlined how some of those stories, which use folktale texts as their central trope, are constructed and commodified. Not only do these reinvented folktale texts embody the heterogeneous cultural influences of South Africa, they also have the potential to promote, first, the understanding of cultural differences, and second, the acceptance of the notion of cultural hybridity in our society.
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Lawson, Shannon L. "Tales, Tropes, and Transformations: The Performance of Gusaba no Gukwa in Rwanda." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1386338407.
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Tiba, Makhosini Michael. "Indigenous African concept of a leader as reflected in selected African novels." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/980.
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Thesis (M.A. (English Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2012The mini dissertation seeks to explore the positive and negative qualities of an indigenous African leader as presented in a variety of oral texts including folktales, proverbs and praise poems as well as in the African novels of Mhudi, Maru, Things Fall Apart and Petals of Blood in order to deduce an indigenous African concept of a leader. This research is motivated by the fact that although researchers and academics worldwide acknowledge that it is very difficult to objectively define and discuss the terms ‘leader’ and ‘indigenous leader’ yet many tend to dismiss offhand such indigenous concepts of leadership as ubuntu as primitive, barbaric and irrelevant to modern institutions without examining them in detail.
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Boshoff, Septimus Jakobus. "Minimising taxes for South African companies investing into Africa using Mauritius as gateway." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26403.
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Investors constantly seek to secure business ventures and structures that will provide them with the most tax-efficient consequences by utilising loopholes in tax legislation and exploiting them within the legal requirements. With the recent growing interest in the undeveloped markets in Africa, many South African companies aim to invest into Africa in a tax-efficient manner. Mauritius, being a low tax jurisdiction and having a favourable tax treaty network with a large number of African countries, is an attractive choice for South African companies wishing to set up a platform for investing into Africa. The aim of this study was to address the shortcomings of efficient tax planning and the approach to invest into Africa using Mauritius as gateway for South African resident companies. The study focused on the tax implications of an offshore trust and offshore company incorporated in Mauritius for tax-efficient investing in order to minimise taxes. Therefore this study did not focus on using Mauritius for tax evasion purposes and a qualitative approach was applied, using a hypothetical case study to determine the most tax-efficient organisational structure for minimising taxes. The findings of the study revealed that, on a balance of case law and tax legislation, a tax-minimising organisational structure is largely influenced by its residency status and South Africa‟s control foreign company (CFC) legislation. Residency for an offshore trust and offshore company will be at the place where it is effectively managed. The findings revealed that the tax consequences are similar for an offshore trust and offshore company in Mauritius legislation. However, the hypothetical case study revealed that the impact of the CFC legislation can have negative consequences for a structure where only an offshore company is used, and therefore the ideal tax-minimising structure will be where a South African company uses a combination of an offshore trust and offshore company in Mauritius in order to avoid the possibility of CFC legislation having an impact on such a structure.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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Papp, L. (Linda). "The feasibility of the introduction of additional wealth taxes in South Africa : an African perspective." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41536.
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From all over the globe the inequality between the rich and the poor is a topic that is debated politically and socially. Wealth tax is often mentioned as an easy solution to reduce this inequality effectively. Even in South Africa cries for a wealth tax have been heard following Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu’s comments that such a tax can help reduce the effect of past injustices.
The imposition of a wealth tax has various advantages and disadvantages that are strongly debated by the proponents and opponents of the tax. The impact of these advantages and disadvantages has however not been measured and quantified up to date. Although the disadvantages seem to outweigh the advantages, it seems that there is some scope for a wealth tax to be politically motivated.
The dawning of the modern era has however changed the landscape for tax policies. Global mobility has resulted in individuals being able to choose where they work, live and invest. Taxes have been proved to be a factor that influences these decisions of individuals on where to live and invest.
It is therefore becoming increasingly important to have tax policies that are competitive in comparison to peer countries. This study focused on determining how competitive South Africa’s tax policies are, relating to wealthy individuals, compared to the equivalent taxes in other African countries with similar sized economies. The study consists of qualitative, non-empirical research performed in the form of a literature review.
The study’s finding is that South Africa has more types of taxes imposed on wealthy individuals than any other of the sampled countries. In addition, the taxes imposed are more often than not substantially higher than the equivalent charged by its peers. This could have a detrimental effect when investors start to realise that they could optimise the resources available to them by choosing not to work and live in South Africa, but would rather select one of its neighbouring countries. Not only will potential new investors be discouraged from investing, but the question also arises at which point South African residents will start to seek their fortune elsewhere. Based on these findings, it seems that there is no scope for imposing yet another wealth tax in South Africa at present.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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Laage, Annelie. "A comparative study of environmental taxes in the South African context." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26695.
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The environment is in crisis, it has recently been reported that cars and trucks in the United States of America emit 314 million metric tons of carbon dioxide annually. To put it into perspective, that as much as would be released from burning all the coal in a freight train 80 467 kilometres long – enough to circle the world, twice (Science News, 2008). The world’s response to the environmental crisis is through the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. Currently, there are 190 parties (189 states and one regional economic integration organisation) to the Kyoto Protocol, of which the developed nations that are parties to the protocol account for 63.7% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The Kyoto Protocol is, however, proving to be inefficient in curbing greenhouse gas emissions due to the following reasons: - there are currently no ramifications if agreed targets are not reached by member states;
- in its current form, the protocol only sets emission limits for the period ending 2012;
- the protocol subscribes mostly to quantitative measures as opposed to the introduction of a tax system to penalise emission producers.
- daar is tans geen strafmaatreëls indien doelwitte deur deelnemende lande nie bereik word nie;
- in sy huidige vorm stel die protokol slegs beperkings op besoedeling tot 2012;
- die protokol onderskryf meestal kwantitatiewe beginsels in teenstelling met die voorstel van‘’n belastingstelsel wat die belastinglas op die bron van die besoedeling plaas.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
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Suter, Brigitte. "Tales to Transit : Sub-Saharan African Migrants’ Experiences in Istanbul." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om Migration, Etnicitet och Samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-86058.
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This dissertation presents the transit experiences of migrants from Sub-Saharan African countries in the Turkish metropolis of Istanbul. Although the narratives of the individuals met in the course of fieldwork in Istanbul are the primary focus, the thesis also outlines the larger macro-structural conditions faced. The overarching goal of this thesis is thus, through the experiences of the migrants themselves, to critically approach and discuss the concept of transit with the aid of the theoretical perspectives of social networks analysis and mobility. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and an explorative design, this thesis investigates the ‘black-box’ that the state of transit has hitherto often represented in the literature by focusing on migrants’ experiences of mobility, immobility and social networks. Insecurity, uncertainty, and an overall precariousness constitute the state of transit. Light is shed on questions relating to the peculiarities of a state of transit and its impact on everyday life. The thesis highlights the processual nature of mobility and immobility strategies. The issue of migrant capital (conceptualised as local knowledge, with a particular focus on the migrant experience) is found to be a crucial aspect of immobility in transit. The thesis further identifies a pattern of social stratification based on immobility intersected with legal status and migrant capital, and argues that this stratification is produced by transit movements and, in turn, reproduces transit movements. Related to social stratification is the presentation of Istanbul as the socio-economic context that offers prerequisites for establishment in situ and establishment in mobility.
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Jibao, Samuel Sangawulo. "Enhancing sustainable fiscal policy in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32164.
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In this study, fiscal sustainability is defined consistent with the government intertemporal
budget constraint framework which is related to the solvency of the
government. Fiscal sustainability analysis in this context, therefore, considers the
revenue side of the budget as well as the expenditure obligations. On the revenue
side, the study highlights that fiscal authorities in South Africa continue to rely on
income, profit and wealth taxes as they account for a larger share of government
revenue compared to indirect taxes. However, immediately prior to the first
democratic South Africa, there was a substantial shift from company taxes to
personal taxes; a trend that has continued onto 2010. Analyses in this study show
that the structure of the main taxes of South Africa compares less favourably to other
emerging economies, and the worldwide averages. For instance, even though fiscal
authorities have reduced the CIT rate from a high 50% to 28%, this rate is still higher
when compared to other upper middle income economies and the rest of the world‟s
average. The country compares no better either when the PIT rate is considered but
its VAT rate compares favourably to that of the economies mentioned. Since the new era, in particular between 2000 and 2010, fiscal authorities in South Africa focussed
on the reduction and stabilisation of marginal tax rates for the major taxes as well
minimising the complexity in tax administration by reducing the number of tax
brackets. Despite such effort, the wedge between the statutory rates and the realised
average tax rates for the three main taxes is a concern regarding the protection of
the revenue base.
With regards to budget allocations, this study shows that collectively, expenditure on
the social sector accounts for slightly below half of government consumption
expenditure; specifically, however, there was a reduction in the proportional
allocation to Education whilst at the same time the proportional allocations to Social
Protection, Public Order and Safety and Social Grants increased. Defence
expenditure was high pre-1994 and immediately after the first democratic election,
but declined in the later years of the democratic South Africa. In general, the policy
of fiscal prudence after 1994 resulted in a substantial decline in debt service cost,
whilst the real growth rate of the economy increased considerably. Nevertheless, the
former still exceeded the latter for most part of the period between 1994 and 2010.
Having reduced its debt burden over the past decades, the South African
government again finds itself facing a problem of rising debt due to an increase in
the fiscal deficit.
On the basis of this background, this study addresses four broad questions, namely:
(i) was the fiscal stance taken in the past, sufficient to attain fiscal sustainability in
South Africa? (ii) How did fiscal policy in the past adjust to budget imbalances and to
what extent did that affect fiscal sustainability? (iii) Which are the optimal ways to v
protect the revenue base; and (iv) How does the current fiscal dispensation (i.e.
composition of expenditure and tax) affect the economy and inter alia fiscal
sustainability? Different econometric techniques, namely: the Smooth Transition
Error Correction model; the Logistic quadratic model; the Currency Demand model
and the Bayesian Structural Vector Auto Regression Model are applied in the
analyses.
The findings of this study suggest that fiscal policy over the sample period has been
sustainable but likely to be adjusted more quickly when the budget deficit exceeds
4.02% of GDP. However, the stabilisation policies by fiscal authorities are fairly
neutral at deficit levels below the estimated threshold; that is, at deficit levels of
4.02% of GDP and below. The fiscal reaction speed of the South African government
(i.e. increasing the tax burden) to lower the large deficit levels towards a band of
tolerable values, indicate that they are indeed concerned about solvency. Thus, on
the basis of this historical fiscal stance, it can be expected that fiscal policy will
remain sustainable in the medium-term; and that the government‟s projection to
reduce the fiscal deficit from a high 5.3% of GDP in 2010 to 3.0% in 2015 is
plausible. In South Africa the main fiscal challenge, therefore, is to find ways through
which the recent gains in fiscal solvency are not at the expense of the future revenue
base. Consequently, the next objective in this study is to analyse one important
element of protecting the revenue base, namely, possible leakages from it. In this
regard, shadow economic activity is being investigated. This study finds that on
average, the size of the South African shadow economy is 22.18% of GDP with
estimated revenue evaded at about 7% of GDP. Further analysis shows that there is a strong positive relationship between the tax
burden and shadow income but that this relationship is not symmetric. In South
Africa, businesses and individuals are likely to react quicker when the tax burden
changes fall outside the band of -3.64% to +2.13% of GDP but remains neutral as
long as they are within this band. The implication of this finding is that, any attempt
by the fiscal authorities to increase the tax burden to levels above the estimated
threshold of 2.13% in order to close the budget deficit might trigger a significant
response from the shadow economy thereby reducing the tax base and further
worsening the fiscal deficit.
Next, the analysis shows that an increase in total government spending has a
“crowding–in” effect as real GDP per capita and real private investment respond
positively. When government expenditure is disaggregated into consumption and
capital expenditure per capita, the analysis shows that a one standard deviation
positive shock in government consumption expenditure per capita increases real
GDP per capita with a multiplier effect of 0.22, which is higher than the growth
multiplier effect (0.16) of government investment expenditure per capita. In addition,
the effect of the total tax burden on the GDP and private investment is negative and
persistent in the long-term (i.e. after 4 years). The net effect of fiscal policy,
therefore, is that it is growth enhancing in the short and medium-terms leading to
fiscal sustainability (since r < g) but in the long-term, the growth promoting effects of
increased public intervention is offset by the growth inhibiting effects of increased
taxes; hence, a threat to long-term fiscal sustainability. vii
The composition of the tax regime has a substantial influence on growth; whilst taxes
on income and wealth reduce growth, indirect taxes have a positive effect on growth
in the short and medium term.
On the basis of the above findings the following suggestions are proposed:
Firstly, the nature of fiscal policy in South Africa over the post-1994 period has
shown to be successful from a fiscal sustainability perspective and should therefore
be continued. However, the fact that government only seem to be pro-active in the
case when the budget deficit exceeds the 4% margin and actually seem to be fairly
neutral at deficit levels below this ratio should be noted. By implementing drastic tax
increases in such a scenario could be detrimental to the growth of the revenue base.
Conversely, tax relief at lower levels of the margin outlined, and even in times of
surpluses could be growth enhancing and should be implemented actively.
Secondly, the 2012 medium-term budget document requesting for additional taxes to
boost revenue might lead to further growth in the shadow economy, as the projected
tax burden increase recommended is above the estimated threshold of 2.13% in this
study. Such a reaction from shadow income poses a threat to long-term fiscal
sustainability.
Thirdly, in their attempt to expand and secure the revenue base fiscal authorities in
South Africa should consider further adjustments to the composition of the revenue
base. The continuous reliance of the government on direct taxes is shown in this
analysis to affect growth adversely, which could destabilise the fiscal gains already
achieved. The results of this analysis, therefore, support the international trend
towards a shift to indirect taxes from direct taxes. Fourthly, expenditure priorities have to be carefully considered. Fiscal authorities
should guard against populist spending patterns and prioritise those expenditures
that result in capacity building and enhancing growth and employment. In this regard,
the declining trend in expenditure on education and health has to be reversed. A
priori, only by focussing its expenditures coupled with enhanced efficiency within
such “productive” areas, would government be able to contribute towards enhancing
growth which in turn is essential for long-term fiscal sustainability.
Thus, the analyses in this study show that in the short- and medium-term, there is no
serious threat to fiscal sustainability in South Africa but long-term fiscal sustainability
remains a challenge. To enhance long-term fiscal sustainability would require
continuous adjustment of policies including the speed of policy adjustment, the
stabilisation of the tax burden but with a redirection of focus from direct to indirect
taxes; the protection of the revenue base, in particular a reduction in the existing
level of tax revenue evaded and the reprioritisation of government expenditures.
A broader social and political context of fiscal sustainability has, however, not been
included in this study. In a middle income country like South Africa where the role of
government is politically and socially important and controversial, future research
could explore how the quest to enhance fiscal consolidation can affect political and
social stability which may in turn endanger the sustainability of fiscal policy. On the
other hand quantifying the fiscal implications of expected developments such as
demographic changes, development in health cost and public pension liabilities,
could initiate future research on this topic should more relevant data becomes
available.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
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Steyn, Theunis Lodewikus. "A conceptual framework for evaluating the tax burden of individual taxpayers in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25182.
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In South Africa, just as in a number of other countries around the world, the tax burden of individual taxpayers is a highly controversial issue that frequently arises as a topic of discussion. Studies and debates around the tax burden are often contradictory – to a large extent, this can be attributed to the lack of a comprehensive basis from which the tax burden of individual taxpayers in South Africa can be evaluated, especially from individual taxpayers’ point of view. The main objective in this study was to develop a conceptual framework for evaluating the tax burden of individual taxpayers in South Africa. In order to achieve this objective, it was essential to define, on the basis of a literature review, the construct of the imposed tax burden and the construct of the perceived tax burden. These definitions of the imposed and perceived tax burden, formulated on the basis of the literature, then served as a theoretical foundation for the development of the conceptual framework. The theoretical constructs underpinning the imposed tax burden were used to formulate a classification framework that provides criteria for classifying government imposts used by the South African government as sources of revenue to fund the public sector, according to their inherent characteristics, irrespective of the label given to a particular impost by the government. The results of this classification of government imposts in South Africa, combined with the theoretical constructs of the perceived tax burden derived from the literature, were used to formulate a conceptual framework for evaluating the tax burden of individual taxpayers in South Africa. The conceptual framework was then applied in a real-life context, using multiple households as case studies. The purpose of the case study research was to assess the validity of the theoretical constructs underpinning the conceptual framework in a real-life environment. The validity of these theoretical constructs was confirmed by the results of the data analysis in this study. Therefore, this study proposes a conceptual framework for evaluating the tax burden of individual taxpayers in South Africa, both objectively, in terms of the imposed tax burden, and subjectively, in terms of the perceived tax burden.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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Harris, Peter-Dirk. "South African environmental taxes and investment incentives in practice." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95565.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African economy is faced with a number of challenges as an upper-middle income country that is highly resource-intensive, with an open economy. It has a number of developmental goals that must be achieved in order to maintain environmentally conscious sustainable development. The country will have to find pioneering ways to address the poverty problems faced by a large proportion of its people, while still ensuring economic growth at a reduced cost to the environment. In an effort to promote the shift to a “green” economy, the South African state and its related entities have developed a number of incentive programmes aimed at easing the transition. These incentives primarily support businesses in their efforts to become more energy-efficient, or to convert to renewable energy sources. The objective of this study is to critically evaluate what the South African government is doing with regard to environmental instruments aimed at assisting the country to reduce carbon emissions. This case study follows a quantitative approach, considering the financial effects that the different environmental instruments could have on South African manufacturers. Through the study the researcher will be able to make certain recommendations to businesses in the manufacturing industry who are interested in investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency. The results of the study will also give the researcher insight into the South African environmental incentives, which will allow him to make informed comments on the proposals that government has tabled regarding future environmental taxes and incentives. The research questions that the researcher tried to answer were based on the current and future policy measures that the South African government has implemented, or will implement, in order to move the country to a low-emissions trajectory. These policies were then also compared to international measures in order to determine if the policies chosen by the South African government are appropriate for the this country’s economy. This study has led the researcher to discover a number of issues relating to the status of environmental policy in South Africa. These discoveries have allowed him to make certain recommendations to businesses investing in this realm, as well as to government which develops these policy measures. The main findings of the study are that with the assistance of the South African government and related entities, investments in renewable energy have become viable. When considering the current status of South African environmental policy, the researcher has also come to realise that the country is lagging behind the rest of the world with regard to policy development. The South African economy is unique, thus policies have to be structured in a way that will not be detrimental to the country.
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Roberts, Willie K. "Dolo: Journey of the Lost Tapes." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/629.
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A group of war orphans entered my life in 2007 when I was in Liberia working as the sound recordist for a documentary crew. I spent five months with them at their home, a rural Liberian orphanage named Rainbow Town. The boys at the orphanage often told me stories. During free time, we sat under the canopy outside their dorm and talked. The stories, which ranged from horrific accounts of war to playful tales of spiders and goats, fascinated me. With each story the boys narrated, a new illustration formed in my imagination. By the time I left Liberia, I had a pocketbook full of magical characters and events (See Appendix A). The boys' stories, which blend nonfiction with fantasy and folklore, are the inspiration for my 3D animation short, Dolo: Journey of the Lost Tapes. In this paper, I tell the stories behind the creation of the animation, share personal production experiences, and discuss the theoretical and historical influences that shaped my work. I conclude by discussing Dolo's significance and the work that I plan to do on the piece in the future.
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Marandu, Simon Hlomayi. "Full life tables for South Africa from vital registration data, 2006-2008." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11140.
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This research derives a set of full life tables for South Africa as a whole and by population group using vital registration data for the period 2006-2008. Given that not all deaths are registered, the research assesses the level of completeness of death registration for the national population and for all the population groups separately by using the deaths distribution methods.
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Hefer, Chris. "A critical analysis of the effects of abolishing death taxes in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41572.
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Death taxes are payable by individuals upon their death. It is therefore ironic that the living has devoted so much of their time and energy to arguing about the future of this tax. One can only presume that a person will not find any peace in the after-world if they felt that they were treated unfairly by the tax authorities upon their death.
The arguments surrounding death taxes have been carrying on since the first country abolished the tax in 1978. Very few countries that have implemented the tax have not had in-depth research and discussion surrounding the tax and South Africa is no exception. Until now there have been no measures put in place to abolish the tax in South Africa, however the Minister of Finance has indicated that the future of the tax is currently being reviewed by the tax authority.
Both the proponents and opponents believe that their views are correct regarding the future of the tax. Although their views might differ about the matter, both sides do agree that a decision about the tax needs to be made so that the government and academia can focus on other important matters.
Both sides make use of case studies and research performed in other countries to support their views. However, South Africa has a very unique political, economic and social environment and therefore the findings and views applicable in other countries cannot simply be applied locally.
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages noted by international experts and academia against the unique South African climate. This is done to enable the researcher to determine what the possible political, economic and sociological effect might be on the country should death taxes either be abolished or kept for the foreseeable future.
The conclusion is that due to the global recession and the abundance of poverty and unemployment in South Africa, the benefits of keeping death taxes outweigh the drawbacks thereof. Until such a time that the climate in the country has changed dramatically, death taxes should form part of the country’s tax regime.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
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Van, der Merwe de Vos Wouter. "Taxation of non-residents in South Africa with specific reference to withholding taxes." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21296.
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This treatise tests the effectiveness of withholding taxes imposed by the South African tax authorities with respect to amounts paid from a South African source to a non-resident in respect of interest, royalties and foreign entertainers and sportspersons. The first research objective discusses the alignment of the meaning of words and phrases in both the domestic law of South Africa and Double Tax Agreements (DTA.) The second issue outlines whether the DTA supports the domestic law through the waiving of tax claims in favour of the country of source. In last instance the attribution of income is discussed. The interpretation attached to the words for the purpose of levying normal tax, serves as the methodology for identifying inconsistencies with the levying of withholding tax. The wider scope of withholding taxes with respect to the meaning of ‘interest’, ‘royalties’ as well as ‘foreign entertainer and sportsperson’ misaligns with the corresponding meaning of it in the DTA. This creates the risk that amounts paid to non-residents will either not be subjected to withholding tax in the source state or that the income will be taxable in the resident state as a result of the application of other articles of the DTA. DTA’s concluded between South Africa and other countries are based on the OECD Model Tax Convention. These DTA’s tend to favour the residence state with respect to the waiving of tax claims. The source state’s right to collect withholding tax on income from royalties and interest is prevented if the foreign person is physically present in South Africa for more than 183 days and if the interest/royalty payment is effectively connected with a permanent establishment in South Africa. The domestic law and DTA are misaligned with respect to the attribution of interest and royalty income since the recipient of the income for the purpose of the domestic law is not necessarily the beneficial owner of the debt claim or intellectual property. It can therefore be recommended that South Africa must renegotiate DTA’s to favour taxation in the source state. Withholding tax provisions must also be redrafted to align them with the DTA meaning.
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Forshaw, Timothy James. "An investigation into the validity of life tables used for the calculation of personal injury damages." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008371.
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Currently in South Africa when an individual is injured due to the acts of another they may claim damages for the losses which they may incur. These can be claimed from a variety of institutions, such as the Road Accident Fund, Workmen's compensation or an individual's private insurance. In all the afore-mentioned cases the calculation of damages are along the same lines, whereby the damages are quantified first, and thereafter reduced to reflect future possibilities that may occur. Traditionally future losses are reduced to reflect the possibility that the claimant may die at an age prior to the loss being incurred. To account for this risk awards for future losses are reduced using standard South African mortality tables. The set of tables currently being used were calculated from the 1985 South African census, and as such encapsulate the mortality of the population at that period. When the tables were calculated no reliable statistics were available for the Black population the result is that the tables currently being used do not contain a sample of the majority of the population. The thesis first examines, in detail, the calculation methods used to arrive at the value for damages to be awarded using the current set of life tables. Thereafter an analysis is conducted looking at differences between racial groups in the country and geographic locations, in order to uncover the mortality differences between groups to confirm or disprove the proposition that the exclusion of the Black population results in lower levels of mortality being reflected in the South African 1984-1986 life tables. This is accompanied by a review of mortality trenps in South African since 1986. Following from the findings of the expected increase in mortality since 1986, alternative life tables shall be used to show what impact these would have on the calculation of damages. Due to the fact that none of the alternatives return satisfactory results, structured settlements shall be reviewed to illustrate how the shortcomings of the lump sum approach can be circumvented, and altogether avoid the problems of out dated life tables being used as a basis for damage calculations.KMBT_363
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Schweisfurth, Michele. "A tale of twelve teachers : education and democratisation in Russia and South Africa." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2832/.
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This study explores primary school teachers' experiences of the changes that have occurred in education since the end of apartheid in South Africa and the end of communist rule in Russia. It outlines the national educational contexts and critically examines the nature and implementation of new policies in these two 'transitologies'. International literature on teacher responses to educational reform and on the potential of schooling to be democratic and to develop democracy in society is explored as background to the study. The research is based on two periods of field work in each country, between 1996 and 1998. In the second phase, case studies were developed of six Russian and six South African teachers, incorporating lesson observation and interviews about their life histories, educational experiences, classroom practice, and attitudes toward the educational reforms. The findings, based on the individual case studies and a cross-case analysis, reveal that teachers experience a range of 'competing imperatives' which make a coherent perspective and consistent practice difficult, even where teachers agree in spirit with the reforms. Their responses to these dilemmas depend on a number of individual and contextual factors, many of them arising from the personal life experiences of the teacher. For each, the construction of a coherent self-identity, despite the scope of the changes experienced, has been an important part of the process of transition.
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Ellis, Emily Melissa. "Global taxes and a more equitable global political economy : a feminist analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49977.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Feminist international relations theories stress that global solutions to environmental, social and economic dilemmas will not be accurately diagnosed nor corrected until hierarchal social relations, including gender relations, intrinsic to the global economic and political framework are recognized and altered. How does a feminist interpretation of international relations aid in the adoption of global taxes to benefit women? This study explores the ways a mechanism such as global taxation could be utilized to create a more equitable global political economy. The study is exploratory making use of a qualitative methodology employing secondary data from industries such as tourism, toy production, and textiles. Feminist perspectives on environmental, social, and economic security, rational actor behavior and collectivism facilitate the dialogue which is essential for global tax implementation. The adoption of global taxes has the capability to better the lived experiences of women globally by minimizing poverty and strengthening the working conditions of women worldwide. Proposed carbon taxes and global commons taxes work to redefine environmental security by placing appropriate price indicators on the use of globally used resources. Proposed email taxes, world trade taxes, and currency exchange fee taxes grant the fiscal resources necessary to create greater economic and social security. Chapter One is an analysis of the global political economy. Chapter Two explains the controversial and progressive idea of a global tax administered by the United Nations to deal with the inequity of globalization. Chapter Three focuses on the linkages between the introduction of a global tax and the feminist perspective on the global political economy. Chapter Four summarizes the structural inadequacies of the current economic framework to address the economic and social grievances that global taxes combat.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Feministiese teorieë oor internasionale verhoudinge benadruk die feit dat wêreldwye oplossings vir omgewings-, maatskaplike en ekonomiese probleme nóg akkuraat gediagnoseer nóg reggestel kan word tensy hiërargiese sosiale verhoudinge (waaronder genderverhoudinge), wat onlosmaaklik deel van die wêreldwye ekonomiese en politieke raamwerk is, as sulks erken en verander word. Hoe dra die feministiese interpretasie van internasionale verhoudinge by tot die instelling van wêreldwye belasting wat vroue tot voordeel strek? Hierdie studie ondersoek maniere waarop 'n meganisme soos wêreldwye belasting benut kan word om 'n billiker wêreldwye politieke ekonomie daar te stel. Die studie is ondersoekend van aard en maak gebruik van kwalitatiewe metodes wat sekondêre data uit bedrywe soos toerisme, speelgoedproduksie en die tekstielbedryf gebruik. Feministiese standpunte oor omgewings-, maatskaplike en ekonomiese sekuriteit, rasionele optrede en kollektivisme dra by tot dialoog wat noodsaaklik is vir die instelling van wêreldwye belasting. Danksy die instelling van wêreldwye belasting kan die lewenservaring van vroue wêreldwyd verbeter word deur armoede te beperk en werkstoestande van vroue wêreldwyd te verbeter. Die voorgestelde koolstofbelasting en wêreldmeent-belasting sal bydra tot 'n nuwe benadering in omgewingsbeveiliging deurdat toepaslike prysaanwysers aan die gebruik van wêreldwyd benutte hulpbronne gekoppel word. Die voorgestelde e-posbelasting, wêreldhandelbelasting en belasting op valutagelde sal nodige fiskale middele bied vir die daarstelling van beter ekonomiese en maatskaplike sekuriteit. Hoofstuk 1 is 'n analise van die wêreldwye politieke ekonomie. Hoofstuk 2 is 'n uiteensetting wêreldwye belasting as kontroversiële en progressiewe konsep, wat deur die Verenigde Nasies geadministreer sou word om die wanbalans in globalisasie die hoof te bied. Hoofstuk 3 handel oor die raakpunte tussen die instelling van 'n wêreldwye belasting en die feministiese beskouing van die wêreldwye politieke ekonomie. Hoofstuk 4 bied 'n oorsig oor die strukturele ontoereikendheid van die huidige ekonomiese raamwerk met betrekking tot die ekonomiese en maatskaplike griewe wat wêreldwye belasting sou bekamp.
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Saintsing, Matthew B. "A Tale of Two `Kenyas’: An African Case of Societal Securitization." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1439562121.
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Welborne, Eric Scott. "Tales of Thiès performance and morality in oral tradition among the Wolof of Senegal /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Searle, Ruth Lesley. "The supervisor’s tale: postgraduate supervisors’ experiences in a changing Higher Education environment." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019952.
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The environment in which higher education institutions operate is changing, and these changes are impacting on all aspects of higher education, including postgraduate levels. Changes wrought by globalisation, heralded by rapid advances in technology have inaugurated a new era in which there are long term consequences for higher education. The shift towards more quantitative and measurable "outputs" signifies a fundamental change in the educational ethos in institutions. Effectiveness is now judged primarily on numbers of graduates and publications rather than on other aspects. The drive is to produce a highly educated population, especially through increasing postgraduates who can drive national innovation and improve national economies. This affects academics in a range of ways, not least in the ways in which they engage in teaching, what they are willing to do and how they do it. Such changes influence the kinds of research done, the structures and funding which support research, and thus naturally shapes the kinds of postgraduate programmes and teaching that occurs. This study, situated in the field of Higher Education Studies, adopting a critical realist stance and drawing on the social theory of Margaret Archer and the concepts of expert and novice, explores the experiences of postgraduate supervisors from one South African institution across a range of disciplines. Individual experiences at the level of the Empirical and embodied in practice at the level of the Actual allow for the identification of possible mechanisms at the level of the Real which structure the sector. The research design then allows for an exploration across mezzo, macro and micro levels. Individuals outline their own particular situations, identifying a number of elements which enabled or constrained them and how, in exercising their agency, they develop their strategies for supervision drawing on a range of different resources that they identify and that may be available to them. Student characteristics, discipline status and placement, funding, and the emergent policy environment are all identified as influencing their practice. In some instances supervisors recognise the broader influences on the system that involve them in their undertaking, noting the international trends. Through their narratives and the discourses they engage a number of contradictions that have developed in the system with growing neo-liberal trends and vocationalism highlighting tensions between academic freedom and autonomy, and demands for productivity, efficiency and compliance, and between an educational focus and a training bias in particular along with others. Especially notable is how this contributes to the current ideologies surrounding knowledge and knowledge production. Their individual interests and concerns, and emergent academic identities as they take shape over time, also modifies the process and how individual supervisors influence their own environments in agentic moves becomes apparent. Whilst often individuals highlight the lack of support especially in the early phases of supervision, the emergent policy-constrained environment is also seen as curtailing possibilities and especially in limiting the possibilities for the exercise of agency. Whilst the study has some limitations in the range and number of respondents nevertheless the data provided rich evidence of how individual supervisors are affected, and how they respond in varied conditions. What is highlighted through these experiences are ways pressures are increasing for both supervisors and students and changing how they engage. Concerns in particular are raised about the growing functional and instrumental nature of the process with an emphasis on the effects on the kinds of researchers being developed and the knowledge that is therefore being produced. As costs increase for academics through the environments developed and with the varied roles they take on so they become more selective and reluctant to expand the role. This research has provided insights into ideas, beliefs and values relating to the postgraduate sector and to the process of postgraduate supervision and how it occurs. This includes the structures and cultural conditions that enable or constrain practitioners as they develop in the role in this particular institution. It has explored some of the ways that mechanisms at international, national and institutional levels shape the role and practices of supervisors. The effects of mechanisms are in no way a given or simply understood. In this way the research may contribute to more emancipatory knowledge which could be used in planning and deciding on emergent policies and practices which might create a more supportive and creative postgraduate environment.
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Fagerlund, Larsson Patricia, and Rundlöf Louise Nilsson. "Koloniala perspektiv i samhällsorienterade läroböcker -En jämförelse av läroböckernas föreställningar och stereotypiseringar av svarta afrikaner under 1960-talet samt 2010-talet." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-79556.
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Syftet med denna studie är att analysera de föreställningar av afrikaner som funnits under 1960-talet samt i 2010-talet. Den valda frågeställningen är följande: Hur gestaltar läroböcker i historia, geografi och samhällskunskap Afrikas invånare i bild och bildtext? Hur förändras den gestaltningen under efterkrigstiden? Detta görs genom att undersöka läroböcker i historia, geografi samt samhällskunskap. Undersökningen behandlar svenska läroböcker och utförs med två olika sorters bildanalyser. Undersökningen visar att eurocentriska och koloniala föreställningar präglar det undersökta läroböckernas bildmaterial. Den ena bildanalysen utförs med hjälp av en kvantitativ metod, där de strukturer som finns synliggörs med hjälp av antalet bilder i läroböckerna och utifrån en kategorisering av bildmaterialet. Den andra är kvalitativt grundat, där bilderna analyseras på ett fördjupat plan. Detta är relevant för läraryrket, dels då varje lärare borde vara kritisk till det läromedel som finns på marknaden idag. En annan anledning är även att lärare borde i sin undervisning kunna redogöra för vilka strukturer samt föreställningar kring Afrika och dess invånare som funnits genom tiderna inom historieämnet. Uppsatsens resultat visar att i hur afrikaner oftast framställs som maktlösa, svältande samt i behov av hjälp från omvärlden. Det som denna studie bidrar med är att synliggöra vilka stereotypiseringar samt föreställningar som funnits under 1960-talet samt 2010-talets kring svarta afrikaner. De slutsatser som kan dras är att det funnits en ökad representation av kvinnor och barn i 2010-talets läroböcker, vilket kan vara ett resultat av en ökad jämlikhet. En genomgående stereotyp som återfunnits i läroböcker från 1960-talet samt 2010-talet, är att afrikaner gestaltas som maktlösa och i behov av hjälp. Det finns dessutom koloniala rester i läroböcker kvar än idag, där afrikaner oftast framställs som fattiga och i misär i jämförelse med västerlänningar.
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Mhlungu, Lindelwa Letticia. "An exploratory study of the fiscal illusion of individual taxpayers in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27316.
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Fiscal illusion is understood to be a concept that occurs where taxpayers do not always realize how much they contribute towards government revenue in the form of taxation, or how much they receive in the form of public goods and services (Dell’ Ánno&Mourao, 2011:2). The purpose of this study was to discover the originating causes of fiscal illusion amongst individual taxpayers in South Africa. To achieve this objective, available literature was reviewed, which revealed that complexity of the tax systems is argued to be one of the causes of fiscal illusion. A study conducted in South Africa suggested that taxpayer’s perception toward tax affects their attitude (Oberholzer, 2007:45). The hypothesis derived from the literature was then applied to a real life context by conducting interviews with a sample of individual taxpayers. Based on the analysis of data obtained, the study revealed that fiscal illusion of individual taxpayers in South Africa falls within four conceptual elements namely, hidden taxes, number of taxes, double taxation and, to a limited extent, tax shifting.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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Stander, Cornelia Johanna. "Exploring women entrepreneurship in selected areas in South Africa / Stander C.J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7565.
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It is vital that a culture of entrepreneurship is developed in order to unleash the
economic potential of all people in South Africa. However, because of the South African
woman’s inherited gender role and historical imbalances, women entrepreneurs are
faced with unique challenges and barriers when attempting to establish and grow their
own businesses. Thus, this study investigated the unique challenges and barriers faced
by women when conducting entrepreneurial activities.
The literature study provided background information on entrepreneurship in general as
well as information on the importance of entrepreneurship to the economy and
constraints of entrepreneurship. The woman entrepreneur was explored in terms of her
characteristics, motivation to become an entrepreneur and the unique challenges she
had to face. The empirical study consisted of a questionnaire developed by the North–
West University, specifically the Potchefstroom Business School situated on the
Potchefstroom Campus. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed and 87 were fully
completed and collected, which resulted in a response rate of 72.5%.
The data collected was statistically analysed using Statistica 10 (Statsoft, 2011). The
data from questionnaires was coded and investigated and then transformed to useful
outputs such as frequency tables. The frequency tables were used to draw conclusions
and to make recommendations regarding the development of women entrepreneurs in
South Africa.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Swan, Philip George. "To Separate the Tares from the Corn: Debts and Slaves in Post-Revolutionary Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625837.
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Ramaloko, Thomas Tshwantshi. "The effect of different land uses on household livelihoods in Tale Ga-Morudu Communal Property Association." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14146.
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This study is about a population of 235 households in Blouberg municipality, Limpopo Province, that constituted itself in 2004 into a Communal Property Association. The Tale Ga-Morudu CPA was formed in order to own, manage and control a total of seventeen farms which were progressively restituted to them during 2004 by the Commission on Restitution of Land Rights. Tale Ga-Morudu households were dispossessed and forcefully removed from a number of fertile, arable and irrigable farms1in the 1960s due to racially discriminatory laws or practices. These households were then relocated by the then apartheid regime on the eastern part of Mogalakwena River. They were distributed in the arid communal areas of Laanglagte/Vergelegen, Matekereng; Ga- Mankgodi; Letswatla and Mamoleka under the traditional leadership of Kgoshi Maleboho of BabinaTšhwene. (Map one). It is the aim of this study to find out how Tale Ga-Morudu CPA currently uses these restituted farms for the households who have said to have benefited from restituted land. The researcher used his own observations, lessons and analysis of perspectives from case studies conducted from Limpopo in order to pursue this aim. This study adopted a descriptive household survey design that used a predominantly quantitative approach, and the use of qualitative methods to complement contextual details. A quantitative questionnaire was used on a sample unit of (20%) 45 households obtained by simple random sampling from a population of 235 households of the CPA. Other qualitative methods include focus group discussion, document review and observation. From the results it is clear that land claimants, prefer to retain existing practices of land use, than risk changes in land use in order to meet their socio-economic needs. Thus, instead of investing in commercial agriculture or wildlife farming, people follow subsistence agriculture and remain dependent on social grants and pensions for their livelihood. The general study findings show that the CPA planned to implement different types of land use including those of direct land use value. These include food gardens, resettlement; game farming; poultry enterprises and livestock grazing, and also of indirect use value. The latter refers to contract crop cultivation, rentals and strategic partnerships. The study found that despite income being generated from indirect types of land use, the majority of these intended beneficiaries never benefited from accrued financial dividends of land rental and development. However, households were still able to take advantage of employment opportunities created by contract crop cultivation and in the process they acquired crop cultivation skills. Furthermore the harvesting of natural resources such as wood and poles also contribute to the wellness of households. Households, also derived cultural wellness and a sense of satisfaction by accessing their restored farms to perform rituals. The general conclusion of the study is that the CPA is underutilizing its properties, including arable and irrigable fields, rentable recreational facilities, game farming and its tourism potential.
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Cederwall, Anthon. "Att resa med känsla : En känslohistorisk undersökning av fyra resande kvinnor under 1800-talet." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53416.
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Denna uppsats syftar till att utforska den emotionella dimensionen av att resa genom fyra kvinnors ögon över hela världen under mitten av 1800-talet. De utvalda svenska kvinnorna var från medel- och överklassen. De frågor som ställdes var följande: Vilken känslomässig laddning har reseberättelserna om platser / kultur / människor? Med användning av William Reddy's Emotive och Barbra Rosenweins Emotional communities som en teoretisk ramverk visade resultaten att platser relaterade till naturen var extremt positiva. Stadsort var däremot inte lika positivt skildrade i Europa. Detta relaterade till den pågående industrialiseringen i Europa, vilket skapade tätbefolkade och orena miljöer som sågs med starkt missnöje och laddade med negativa känslor. Kultur var en kategori av emotionell konflikt för alla fyra resenärer. Det visade att den svenska och protestantiska bakgrunden var stark när det gällede värden och normer för dessa kvinnor och gjorde det möjligt för starka, negativa känslomässiga upplevelser av kultur. Kombinerat fanns en pågående utveckling av tankar med nationalistiska och eurocentriska element. Människor fick positiva attribut och känslor kopplade till dem på individuell basis och separerades från sin kultur i de fallen. Istället kopplades negativa känslor till grupper av människor som stred mot dessa kvinnors bakgrund och intressen. Sammantaget var den emotionella dimensionen en blandning av starka positiva och några starka negativa upplevelser. En avgörande faktor var bakgrunden och en övergripande komplexitet i den emotionella dimensionen var avgörande.This essay aims to explore the emotional dimension of travelling through the eyes of four women across the world during the middle of the 1800s. The chosen Swedish women were collectively of middle- and upper-class status. The questions asked were the following: What emotional charge do the travelogues have regarding locations/culture/people? With the use of William Reddy’s Emotive and Barbra Rosenwein’s Emotional communities as a theoretical framework, the results showed that locations related to nature were extremely positive. Urban locations, on the other hand, were not as positive to see in Europe. This related to the ongoing industrialization of Europe, creating densely populated and unclean environments that became was seen with strong displeasure and charged with negative emotions. Culture was a category of emotional conflict for all four travellers. It showed that the Swedish and protestant background was strong in determining values and norms for these women and made it possible for strong, negative emotional experiences. Combined there was an ongoing evolution of thoughts with nationalistic and Eurocentric elements. People had positive attributes and emotions connected to them on an individual basis and were separated from their culture. Instead, negative emotions were connected to groups of people that conflicted with these women’s ideas and interests. Overall, the emotional dimension was a mix of strong positives and some strong negatives. A determining factor was the background, and an overall complexity to the emotional dimension was conclusive.
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De, Wet Theunis Jacobus. "The Effect of a tax on coal in South Africa a CGE analysis /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06302004-143319.
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Cooper, Adam Leon. "Learning takes place : how Cape Town youth learn through dialogue in different places." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95825.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is a multi-site ethnography that focuses on young people from one low-income, Cape Town neighbourhood, an area that I got to know well between 2008 and 2012, when I worked and conducted research there. I explore how young people from this area, that I call Rosemary Gardens, learn in three different places. These places are, firstly, classrooms at Rosemary Gardens High School, secondly, a community-based hip-hop/ rap group called the Doodvenootskap, and, thirdly, a youth radio show called Youth Amplified, which involved many young people from Rosemary Gardens. In each of the three places a ‘spatio-dialogical’ analysis was used to examine learning that emerges through collaborative interactions between people. Dialogic learning may take place when young people are exposed to multiple, different perspectives, which manifest through language. This form of learning is ‘spatialised’ because it occurs through sets of social relations that coalesce at particular moments to form ‘places’. Places are junctions or points of intersection within networks of social relations. I use the work of Bakhtin (1981; 1986) and Bourdieu (1977; 1991) to illustrate how, in each of the three places, language operates as a socio-ideological system that is divided, in flux and differentially empowered. This work on language as a social system was put into conversation with Lefebvre’s (1991) spatial theory, producing tools that were used as lenses through which to interpret the ethnographic fieldwork. What emerged was the centrality of the workings of language as a social system at Rosemary Gardens High School, Youth Amplified and amongst the Doodvenootskap. The control desired by educators, combined with the bureaucratic forces that restrict spontaneity in their teaching practices, resulted in the use of highly prescribed language forces dominating dialogic interactions at Rosemary Gardens High School. The different cultural influences and historical traditions, which produce the Doodvenootskap, led to the group reclaiming and reinventing varieties of language. At times this produced more sufficiently interactive forms of dialogic learning, amongst this group, and on other occasions they merely reiterated the words of others, without reflection or rigorous thought. Critical pedagogy, at Youth Amplified, laid the foundations for multiple contrasting perspectives and different linguistic forms to manifest. In the media and in the imaginary of the South African middle and upper classes, schools in neighbourhoods that were formerly reserved for ‘Black’ and working-class ‘Coloured’ children are generally perceived to be dysfunctional places. Young people who live in the neighbourhoods in which these schools are located, are assumed to learn very little. Research with youth from Rosemary Gardens discovered that this kind of negative portrayal is only one view of a multi-faceted set of stories. On a daily basis, young people from Rosemary Gardens use language in interactions with peers and adults, exchanges that shape their consciousness and influence how they make sense of the multiple social worlds which they partially produce.
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Mahlangu, Simpiwe Margaret. "Testing of the Phillips dental age estimation tables on a sample of black children from Mpumalanaga, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6469.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)A number of dental age estimation methods have been developed over the years ranging from the frequently used age estimation of Demirjian et al (1973) and Moorrees et al (1965) to the less frequently used age estimation methods of Haavikko (1970) and Nolla (1960). Different dental age estimation methods have been used with variable success. These were developed using mainly children of Central and Northern European descent and white North Americans. The results of the above-mentioned dental age estimation methods, when used on South African children, show that the need for adaptation of these methods exists. Phillips has thus developed a dental age estimation table for Nguni children of South Africa, to assist in correcting this discrepancy. OBJECTIVE: To establish if the Phillips dental age estimation developed for Nguni children of South Africa is applicable to children in the region of Mpumalanga. METHOD: Cross sectional study using a stratified random sampling method involving 100 panoramic radiographs of black children up to the age of 14 years, in the region of Mpumalanga. CONCLUSION: This study will determine if Phillips dental age estimation tables developed for South African Nguni children is applicable and accurate in estimating the age of black Mpumalanga children.
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Zhou, Ying. "A tale of two countries: adapting Chinese leadership styles to a South African context." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33063.
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The status of multinational organisations continues to expand, as global opportunities increase. In particular, Chinese manufacturing companies continue to grow and expand overseas. Given the fact that Chinese Paternalistic Leadership performed by Chinese managers is rooted in Chinese culture, that is different from that practised in other countries of the world. Cross-cultural acumen plays a vital role in leadership success or failure in globalizing organizations. Without cultural adaptation, Chinese managers would be less effective and efficient, when dealing with employees from other cultural backgrounds. Thus, there appears to be a need for the adaptation of Chinese leadership, in order to optimize the outcomes of leadership in the organization in various multicultural settings. This study posits a new research context for Chinese Paternalistic Leadership; and it attempts to explore the question of the leadership-adaptation challenges of Chinese managers, working in a South African Zulu cultural context. The study has used a mixed-methods research approach to collect the data, and for the analysis thereof. Quantitative data were collected by means of surveys from Chinese workers and South African Zulu workers, who were working in Chinese clothing factories – in order to compare their cultural values and perceptions of Chinese leadership behaviours. Qualitative data were collected by semistructured, in-depth interviews with Chinese managers, who were the leaders of Zulu subordinates, in order to investigate their cross-cultural experiences and perspectives. The results from the cultural-values survey data confirmed the distinct differences of cultural dimensions: Power Distance (PDI), Individualism (IDV), Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI), Masculinity (MAS) and Long-Term versus ShortTerm Orientation (LTO) between Chinese and Zulu people. Additionally, no significant difference between the two groups was found on Indulgence versus Restraint (IVR). When compared with Chinese people, the Zulu people hold the characteristics of being low in power distance, collectivism, feminism, high in uncertainty avoidance, short-term orientation, and restraint. On the perceived leadership behaviours scale, the differences between Chinese and Zulu people were shown in all the three dimensions of Chinese leadership behaviours. Compared with Chinese employees, Zulu employees perceived Chinese leadership behaviours as being high on authoritarian leadership behaviour, but low on benevolent and moral leadership behaviour. In addition, it was proved that culture caused different perceptions of authoritarian leadership behaviour in relation to power distance. In interviews, Chinese managers overwhelmingly indicated that the characteristics of Zulu employees were very different from those of Chinese employees. Meanwhile, the Chinese managers confessed that they were confronted with difficulties and challenges in South Africa, including communication barriers, legal constraints, and differences in collective relationships and work ethic. However, they recognised that they were in a different culture, and have identified the need to adjust their leadership behaviours. The participants suggested that they have made progress in establishing relationships, and in improving communication with the Zulu employees. Overall, this study concluded with a discussion of the various strategies for the adaptation of Chinese leadership styles concerning authority/decision-making, relationships and communication in authoritarian leadership styles, benevolent leadership styles, and moral leadership styles respectively. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to the theories of Chinese leadership, as well as to Chinese-management practices in South Africa. Nevertheless, future research is recommended, in order to validate the current results, and also to further explore various issues that are beyond the scope of this study.
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Tyler, Ayana Diane. ""It takes a village to raise a child - It takes a campus to graduate a student" Exploring the Cultural Relevance of Student Development Models for African Americans in Higher Education." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/171863.
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Urban EducationEd.M.
This paper presents a synthesis of the literature related to cultural identity and college student development among African Americans in higher education. Racial and cultural identities for African American college students are an integral part of their student development and have been connected to a variety of positive outcomes such as succeeding in college. Currently, traditional student development models and theories, once considered applicable to all students, are being challenged on the grounds that they are not culturally sensitive. Furthermore, the diversification of the philosophical foundation of higher education is also being challenged on the grounds that its foundation is also based in one dominant worldview. Subsequently, the classical student development literature as well as the philosophical foundation of higher education is being disputed on the grounds that its theories have been generalized to all student populations from samples that were predominantly White, male, and middle class. The guiding question of this work seeks to uncover if an African American college student's racial identity can truly be accommodated and achieved at a university which utilizes college student development models based solely in a European framework. Both Eurocentric and Afrocentric models are discussed and suggestions on how to integrate Afrocentric worldviews into higher education are made.
Temple University--Theses
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Sieberhagen, Charl Francois. "Die beskikbaarstelling, deur die Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika, van die Bybel in die inheemse tale van Suid-Afrika 'n missiologiese studie /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01182007-160718/.
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Thorpe, Lindsey Lee. "Is it time to abolish estate duty in South Africa? a comparative look at global trends in levying death taxes and the feasibility of suggested changes to South Africa’s current regime." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15186.
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This dissertation examines the current system of taxation that is imposed in South Africa on the death of a taxpayer. The main focus of the research, among others, is on the issues associated with a taxpayer having to pay both estate duty and capital gains tax upon his or her death, resulting in a form of 'double taxation', and whether a different system of taxation should be implemented in South Africa. The two main taxes imposed on death in South Africa are studied and arguments for and against the imposition of death taxes are considered. In order to determine what the most fair and reasonable tax system for South Africa would be, various taxation models of other jurisdictions are examined, namely those followed by the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, India, Botswana and the Netherlands. Suggested alternatives and their suitability are identified, such as the possibilities of retaining estate duty and 'forgiving' capital gains tax on death (as is done in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, India and Botswana); abolishing estate duty and imposing only capital gains tax on death (a system followed by Canada); replacing estate duty with an inheritance tax (like in the Netherlands) or retaining the current system in place. Ultimately, it is decided that South Africa should not abolish estate duty or rely solely on capital gains tax or implement a system of inheritance tax. Instead, we should retain the current system as there are already concessions provided by the legislature which aid the majority of South Africans and guard against unfair results occurring in the winding up of their estates. A suitable alternative would be to rely only on capital gains tax, but any amendments would result in major changes to current legislation. Furthermore, it is important to first ascertain whether relevant stakeholders, such as the South African Revenue Service or the Master of the High Court, would have the necessary resources, capacity and time to train staff, educate taxpayers and update their current systems in order to successfully implement these changes and efficiently process deceased estates.
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Brodnicka, Monika Luiza. "The ancient wor(l)d of knowledge invoking Amadou Hampaté Bâ's living tradition in West African tales of initiation, Sufi practice, and literature /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Corgatelli, Pietro. "Tapes and testimony : making the local history of Italians in the Western Cape in the first half of the 20th century." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17177.
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Bibliography: pages 258-271.The history of long distance immigrant communities, particularly those with few or no written documentary records, is often cited as an obvious example for oral historical enquiry. Such groupings would be represented by the Greek, Portuguese and Jewish as well as the Italian population in South Africa, and by similar settler communities in Great Britain and the USA. The advantages of an orally-derived community history is surely shown by the potential richness of information found in interviews where people's history is offered in their own words, in which migrants consider the life they have lived as basically their own formations. The Italian community was selected because there are only very thin and fragmentary records of its local history and because of the author's own origins. Through interviews, one has been able to expand on the existing sparse historical picture and to gather fresh material concerning a range of active individuals who, through their business lives and practices, established successful new industries and other local economic enterprises. Sample interviews have been transcribed and edited, to illustrate the range of oral testimony. Through them one hears something of the history of men such as Oreste Nannucci who started a laundry business, Giuseppe Rubbi, who was one of the most prominent builders in Cape Town before the Second World War, and Amedeo Traverso who, with his partners, developed the sea front in Sea Point, among many other speculative ventures. Through the examples of Mrs Ida Peroni's and Antonio Introna's testimony we move away from the historical voice of male petty entrepreneurs to obtain a new insight into the fortunes of the Sicilian fishing community. Wherever possible, attempts have been made to check the information generated by oral testimony by consulting census reports, migration figures, consular and parliamentary reports, books, documents, newspapers and personal correspondence both in South Africa and Italy. Written documentary sources are utilised in relevant chapters. By piecing together this disparate range of source material, the present study shows the dimensions of Italian migrant economic and social experience not simply as generalities but as something to be glimpsed in the uniqueness inherent in every life history.
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De, La Cruz-Guzman Marlene. "Of Masquerading and Weaving Tales of Empowerment: Gender, Composite Consciousness, and Culture-Specificity in the Early Novels of Sefi Atta and Laila Lalami." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1417002139.
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Loonat, Mohamed. "Assessing the price impacts on South African industry and households from a 10% increase in fuel taxes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5747.
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Moser, Karen. "Exit taxes in the context of double tax treaties: is the individual emigrating from South Africa protected against double taxation?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30894.
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For some countries, such as South Africa, a change of residence to another jurisdiction is a taxable event and may give rise to taxation of capital gains, based on a deemed disposal, even though there has not been an actual realisation of the capital gain. Such taxation is referred to as ‘exit or departure tax’ or ‘exit charge’. Double taxation of capital gains may arise when the former State of residence applies such an exit tax at the time when the taxpayer ceases to be a tax resident of that State, and when the new State of residence, thereafter, taxes the capital gain at the time of the actual disposal of the asset and realisation of the capital gain. A South African resident individual who emigrates, is therefore exposed to the risk of such double taxation. Double tax treaties following the OECD Model Convention aim at avoiding double taxation and provide distributive rules regarding capital gains in Article 13. This study examines if double tax treaties protect the individual emigrating from South Africa against the application of South Africa’s exit tax. Typical assets considered in the study are shares in a company, held as an investment. The analysis begins with an overview of the applicable rules of the South African Income Tax Act in respect of the capital gains tax levied when a South African resident individual emigrates and ceases to be a resident of South Africa. It then distinguishes between exit taxes in the strict sense (taxation of the accrued value at the time of emigration) and trailing taxes (extended tax jurisdiction, taxing the capital gains at the time of realisation after the emigration). The analysis then concentrates on four subquestions, i.e. (i) whether Art. 13(5) of the OECD Model Convention (2017) applies to exit taxes, (ii) whether Art. 13(5) of the OECD Model precludes the application of an exit tax, (iii) to what extent double tax treaties are able to mitigate the risk of double taxation in the case of exit taxes, and (iv) whether the tax treaty network of South Africa provides any protection against double taxation caused by the application of the South African exit tax. It was concluded that it is generally accepted, with the exception of a minority of authors, that the distributive rule of Art. 13(5) OECD Model includes capital gains arising from a deemed alienation and that that article does not preclude the former State of residence from applying its exit tax at the time when the person is still a resident of that State. However, Art. 13(5) OECD Model does preclude the application of trailing taxes after the person ceases to be a resident. In order to allow the application of trailing taxes, double tax treaties need to explicitly provide for this in a specific clause in the capital gains-article of the tax treaty. The exclusive allocation of taxing rights in art. 13(5) OECD Model in favour of the State of residence does not mitigate the risk of double taxation in the case of exit taxes in the strict sense. In order to avoid double taxation of that portion of the capital gain that already has been subjected to an exit tax in the strict sense, double tax treaties need to include a specific clause in the capital gains-article of the tax treaty, which obliges the new State of residence, when taxing the capital gain at the moment of realisation, to take into account the value that was subjected to the exit tax (step-up in the base cost). South Africa concluded only two treaties which provide for such a step-up in the base cost, one of which has not yet entered into force. This leaves the individual South African resident who emigrates, largely unprotected against double taxation of capital gains at a tax treaty level. It is recommended that South Africa include such specific clauses that provide for a step-up in the base cost in more tax treaties, especially in tax treaties with countries that do not already grant a step-up in terms of their domestic tax laws.
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Gromov, Mikhail D. "Nagona and Mzingile - novel, tale or parable?" Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-93517.
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Since the very moment of their appearance two recent works of Euphrase Kezilahabi- Nagana (1990) and Mzingile (1991)- hold a very special place in the whole development ofKiswahili literature, giving a lot of puzzles for the reader and a lot of material for the scholars of literature. I\' m going to dwell upon only one aspect of the book - its generic origin; for I think that this question will sooner or later arise. To this effect, I would dare first narrate - very briefly - the contents of the book I would refer to it as `the book´, although it actually consists of two parts - but these parts are so closely related to each other, that it seems possible to speak of Nagana and Mzingile as one piece of work. To what literary genre shall we ascribe the latest work of Tanzania` s leading writer? I would dare to come forward with such a question, because within the structure of the book there seem to be at least four more or less easily tangible stylistic plans. The first one I would call a folkloristic plan, for Kezilahabi uses widely and vividly the elements of African folklore - from mythological concepts to folklore plots, inserted into the narration. The second stylistic plan of the book can be called that of a parable - a parable in the sense of a self-contained story conveying didactic message to a reader or a listener. The book is full of such stories. The next stylistic plan one can call that of science-fiction - or, I would rather say, of antiutopia, for the author draws apocalyptic pictures of the world after the nuclear war, implyin the technique inherent to science-fiction novels. Finally, another stylistic plan of the book can be called realistic - for the author gives, for example, the descriptions of modern city, where the Msichana-Mwokozi dwells, or of an African village, when he tells about the childhood of the main character, using the traditions of east African realistic novel, portraying shortly but vividly urban and rural life. I would say that this realistic plan takes smaller place than the other three - but it is by no means less noticeable.
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Amidou, Salimanou Ariyoh. "Epidémiologie des maladies cardiovasculaires en population générale rurale au Bénin : Cohorte Tanvè Health Study (TAHES)." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0040/document.
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Les cohortes cardiovasculaires en Afrique subsaharienne (ASS) sont rares. Sa diversité génétique et environnementale en suggère la nécessité pour mieux appréhender les spécificités des MCV et de leurs facteurs de risque (FDR). Méthodes : Une cohorte pilote a été mise en place en 2015 en milieu rural au Bénin. Les FDR ont été collectées à l’inclusion en porte à porte et les événements recueillis au quotidien par une double surveillance sanitaire et communautaire. La prévalence de l’artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs (AOMI), le retentissement électrocardiographique de l’hypertension artérielle et les représentations sociales des MCV ont également été étudiés. Résultats : La participation élevée (>95%), l’attrition faible (<8%) et la bonne adhésion de la communauté ont confirmé la faisabilité de la cohorte. L’incidence des MCV était de 5,4 pour 1000 pers-années avec un taux de mortalité à 79,2%. La prévalence de l’AOMI était de 5,5% avec une prédominance chez les hommes et les sujets de 55 ans et plus. L’hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche était 2 à 5 fois plus fréquente chez les sujets hypertendus. Les représentations sociales des MCV associaient des explications biomédicales et surnaturelles. Conclusion : Une cohorte de MCV est faisable en ASS et met en relief les spécificités des MCV au sein de la cibleFew cohorts have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Its genetic and environmental diversity suggests the need of cohorts to better understanding the specificities of CVD and their risk factors (RF). Method: A pilot cohort was set up in 2015 in a rural setting of Benin. Data for RF were collected at inclusion during a door-to-door survey and events daily through dual health and community surveillances. Prevalence of lower extremity artery diseases (LEAD), electrocardiographic impact of high blood pressure and the social representations of CVD were also studied. Results: The high participation rate (>95%), low attrition (<8%) and good community participation confirmed the feasibility of the cohort. Incidence of CVD was 5.4 cases per 1000 persons-years and the mortality rate 79.2%. Prevalence of LEAD was 5.5% and higher among men and people aged 55 years and above. Left ventricular hypertrophy was 2 to 5 times more frequent among people with hypertension. Social representations of CVD combined biomedical with supernatural explanations. Conclusion: A cohort of CVD is feasible in SSA and highlights CVD’s specificities
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Mazman, Alper. "Jazz talks : representations & self-representations of African American music and its musicians from bebop to free jazz." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12890/.
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The main focus of this thesis is the representation of jazz music and its musicians, and the ways in which American (black and white) critics, novelists, and musicians interpret this music from the development of bebop to free jazz. My aim is to reveal the complexities of the dialogue between white and black representations of jazz, as well as among the self-representations of African American musicians. To this end, I discuss the discourses of jazz that are embedded within the broader cultural, political and ideological debates in this specific period, illustrating how the meaning of jazz is mediated through these conversations. Although jazz talks through the music itself, I argue that the representation of jazz largely depends on who talks about it. The introduction briefly sketches the context of earlier African American writings on music, from Frederick Douglass through the Harlem Renaissance and beyond. Chapter 1 deals with bebop and the ways in which it was seen as more or less expressive of a specific African American consciousness, and how critics shaped the general view of it. Chapter 2 further explores the African American views of music through James Baldwin short story, "Sonny's Blues". Chapter 3 traces the ways in which white writers used jazz for their own ends, focusing on some key terms such as 'hip' and 'cool'. Chapter 4 explores the complex relation between jazz and the new politics of black liberation through a number of key albums and figures, while Chapter 5 gives a more extended examination of these ideas through the figure of Charles Mingus. My conclusion attempts to look again at one of the themes of the thesis - who has the power to represent jazz - through a discussion of Ken Burns' Jazz.
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Reader, Robert J. "A tale of two cities : the African American struggle for civil rights in Babbitt and Hawthorne, Nevada /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1451077.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007."December, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-128). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2008]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Marcus, Matthew. "The effect of South African dividend and capital gains taxes on cost of capital, firm value and capital structure." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11548.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-178).
I examine the effect of South African taxes, specifically the secondary tax on companies (STC) and capital gains tax (CGT) on investor measures of expected return and firm value, firm cost of capital and optimal capital structure. The discussion, findings and models presented in this study are entirely original in the field of South African corporate finance research. I model the relationship between STC, CGT and expected return and use this relationship to formulate an hypothesis of the expected behaviour of ex ante measures of implied cost of capital for a sample of listed South African companies.
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Downing, Stacy Lynette. "It Takes a Village: The Academic and Social Integration of First Year African American Students at Predominantly White Institutions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116250270.
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Worth, Kiara. "Government, Big Capital and The People(s): A fishy tale of power, influence and development in Hout Bay Harbour." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7941.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe achievement of sustainable development requires the balanced interaction between three components: the economy, environment, and society. Finding this balance in practice requires a critical examination of the beliefs, systems, and institutions that govern decisionmaking. Achieving sustainable development in reality thus involves understanding the existing forms of power in a particular time and place – what they are, how they operate, and how they influence decisions for development. This study is an analysis of power in a specific case study: the Hout Bay harbour in Cape Town, South Africa. Economic activities were driven by the fishing industry, in particular Oceana, who operated and maintained a fishmeal factory in the harbour since 1958. While the factory provided employment for the local coloured residents of Hangberg, it also produced noxious odours and air pollution, leading to significant discontent from other sectors of Hout Bay. A local and largely white activist group, Fresh Air for Hout Bay (FAHB), challenged these operations on the basis of sustainability and this became a highly contested issue. After years of debate and tension, the factory would eventually close in 2019, marking the end of an era for the fishing industry in Hout Bay. The purpose of this study is to analyse the power dynamics in Hout Bay and determine how these influenced the decisions around the factory. To do this, a qualitative autoethnographic study was conducted using semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and documentary review. The power analysis found that those in power, particularly the City of Cape Town and
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Bagui, Laban. "An analytical tale of the social media discursive enactment of networked everyday resistance during the #feesmustfall social movement in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31350.
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Social media are a space for discussions, debates and deliberations about personality, culture, society, and actual experiences of social actors in South Africa. They offer an unexpected opportunity for the broader consideration and inclusion of community members’ voices in governance decision making and policy processes. They also offer opportunities to engage, mobilise and change people and society in impressive scale, speed and effect: They have mobilising and transformative powers emanating from their interaction with the impetus of the agency of community members seeking better conditions of living. The magnitude of the effects of these powers makes it imperative to have a better understanding of their workings. Social media have been used in numerous social movements as the medium of communication to mobilise, coordinate, and broadcast protests. However, social media were never a guarantee of success as most movements using them did not achieve significant results. Yet, governments in developed and developing countries tend to engage inadequately with social media supported movements. The research problem is that the contribution of social media to the transformation of the social practice of discourse, which causes SSA community members’ agential impetus (collective intentionality for action) to generate a discourse of resistance on social media during social movements, is not well understood. The main research question is: Why are South African community members using social media to enact online discursive resistance during social movements? The aim of the research is to explain, from a critical realism point of view, Sub-Saharan African community members’ emergent usage of social media during social movements, by providing a contextualised social history (a tale) of South African community members’ practice of online discursive enactment of resistance. The emergent usage of social media of concern is conceptualised as “discursive enactment of networked everyday resistance” within a dialectical space of interaction conceptualised as “space of autonomous resistance”; an instance of a communication space allowing for transformative negation to occur. The research follows Bhaskar’s Critical Realism as a philosophical paradigm. Critical Realism seeks to explain phenomena by retroducing (retrospective inference) causal explanations from empirically observable phenomena to the generative mechanisms which caused them. The research was designed as a qualitative, processual and retroductive inquiry based on the Morphogenetic/Morphostasis approach with two phases: an empirical research developing the case of South African community members’ emergent usage of social media during the #feesmustfall social movement, looking for demi-regularities in social media discourse; and a transcendental research reaching into the past to identified significant events, objects and entities which tendencies are responsible for the shape of observed discourse. In the first phase, a case study was developed from data collected on the social media platform Twitter™, documents, and in-depth interviews of South African community members. The data collected were analysed using qualitative content analysis (QCA) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to unveil demi-regularities; moving from the observable individual strategic orientation of messages to discourses, thus to the tendencies of relational emergent properties of systemic magnitude which structure local discourses and are transformed by them. Then, the social mediainduced morphogenesis or transformation of South African community members’ discursive action was postulated in an analytical history of emergence (or analytical tale) of their usage of social media within a “space of autonomous resistance” during social movements. The findings of the research suggest that South African community members authored 3 discourses of resistance on Twitter™: #feesmustfall discourses of struggle, identity and oppression. They identified as “student qua black-child” stepping into the “Freedom fighter” role against the hegemonic post-apartheid condition curtailing their aspirations. It was found that social media socio-cultural embeddedness and under-design (Western European socio-cultural globalising underpinning features and functional features of the platforms) which interaction with the local socio-cultural mix (postapartheid socio-cultural tendencies for domination/power, spiral of silence, and legitimacy/identification) resulted in misfits and workarounds enhancing individual emotional conflict and aligning towards a socio-cultural opportunistic contingent complementarity integration in the deployment of discourse. That integration was actualised as a mediatization emergent property through asignification/signification of mainstream discourses of liberal democracy, colonial capitalism, national democratic revolution, free and decolonised education, black consciousness and Fallism. That mediatization through re-signification of the struggle for freedom created a communication “space of autonomous resistance” where networked freedom fighters enacted discursive everyday resistance against the hegemonic forces of students’ precariousness. The contribution of the research includes a realist model of social media discursive action (ReMDA); an explanation of South African community members’ deployment of discourse over social media during social movement and telling the tale of the transformation of discursive practices with the advent of social media in South Africa.
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jones, vanessa michelle. "Art as Method: Complicating Tales of Visual Stenography and Implications for Urban Education and Research." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1369737270.
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