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1
Hlasny, Vladimir. "One Thousand and One Nights’ Struggle for Survival: Tales of Child Undernourishment in Arab Countries." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 249, no. 2 (June 2024): 109–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.24.2.5.
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This study evaluates young children’s developmental opportunities and anthropometric outcomes across 16 low- and middle-income Arab countries during 2004-2015. We find that disproportionately many children become stunted and underweight, particularly in less developed countries including Mauritania, Somalia and Sudan, but also in the higher-income Iraq and Morocco. Within countries, significant dissimilarities exist in children’s opportunities across different socio-economic strata. These gaps must be tackled by a variety of measures at the local, national and international levels –with buyin from families, local organizations and authorities– including universal pre/post-natal care, immunization, and nutrient supplementation at critical points in children’s development.
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AL Deen Lutfi Ali AL Ghammaz, Saif, Ruzy Suliza Hashim, and Amrah Binti Abdulmajid. "Honor Crime in Sanaa Shalan’s Tale of Tales." International Journal of English Language Education 8, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v8i2.16849.
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Honor crime is a heinous global phenomenon occurring in several Arab and Islamic societies with varying magnitudes from one country to another. The growing number of honor crime cases, mostly in developing countries such as Jordan, demands serious academic investigation not only because the lives of the victims are at stake, but also because the phenomenon is still gravely overlooked and unaddressed due to socio-cultural norms branding it as a social taboo. Recently, there has been increasing interest among Arab and Jordanian writers in portraying honor killings against Jordanian women through their literary works (Fanous, 2018). Thus, in this paper, we shall examine the manifestations of honor crimes against women in the Jordanian context through a textual analysis of Tale of Tales by Sanaa Shalan, an author belonging to the Jordanian contemporary literary movement. Originally written in Arabic, this novella highlights the suffering of many Jordanian women due to honor crimes inflicted upon them by the poor and male-dominated society. Through an Islamic reading based on Quranic verses and Sunni Hadiths to read of Tale of Tales (2007), we shall examine Shalan’s depictions of honor crimes against women in the novella as an extremely engendered phenomenon resulting from male domination and power and gender inequity prevalent in the Jordanian society. This paper is premised based on two elements, namely: the misconception of honor and its association with the women’s body and its roots in Islam, as depicted in Tale of Tales through the novella’s female characters, notably the main protagonist.
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Akhmedov, Vladimir M. "THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL TRADITIONS IN ARABO-IRANIAN RELATIONS." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 1 (19) (2022): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2022-1-42-49.
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In the last decades Iran became one of the powerful states in the Middle East. Today Iran plays a significant role in political, economic, social, religious and ideological issues of the region. Iran’s politics shape major developments in regional security and international relations in the Middle East, pursuing active policy towards Arab countries in the region. Iran plays an active role in military conflicts in several Arab countries (Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Yemen and Libya). However, Iran’s involvement in the inner-political life of Arab countries; their societies, security affairs, and politics strengthens tensions and hostility between Arabs and Iran. The existing strains in Arabo-Iranian relations provoke the religious strife in the Middle East that takes different forms, among which are Sunny-Shiite conflicts. The worsening of Arabo-Iranian relations encourages new conflicts; it undermines power balance and destabilizes security in the Middle East. The long history of Arabo-Iranian relations still influences Iran’s policy in the Middle East. Ethnic and sectarian differences and the historical Arab-Persian rivalry reflected the major orientation of Iran’s foreign policy in general and determine some major parameters of Arabo-Iranian relations in the Middle East, in particular. Before the Arab conquest of Iran the interactions between Arabs and Iran had had many positive dimensions. The Islamization of Iran and its partial Arabization dramatically changed Iran’s cultural, social, and political development. These processes challenged the behavioral patterns of many Iranians towards Arabs and vice versa. Since that time the ethnic identity of two peoples, their adherences to Sunnis and Shiites have acquired antagonistic overtones. In this view, research of Arabization and Islamization processes as one of the main drivers of Arabo-Iranian relations and Iranian policy in the Middle East proves to be a pressing subject of grave importance.
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Pepicelli, Renata. "Rethinking Gender in Arab Nationalism: Women and the Politics of Modernity in the Making of Nation-States. Cases from Egypt, Tunisia and Algeria." Oriente Moderno 97, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340145.
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In the latexixcentury and the beginning of thexxcentury, Arab nationalism identified women as the “bearers of the nation”, the symbolic repository of group identity. Nationalists, both modernists and conservatives, shaped the image of the nation around an idealized image of the woman, functional in different political projects. If the latter exalted women’s domestic roles as part of the defense of the Islamic cultural authenticity, the former criticized women’s seclusion and promoted their inclusion in the public sphere as an essential part of the making of the modern nation. The woman unveiled became a symbol of modernity and progress. In nationalist projects, politics of modernity intersected deeply with the gender issue.This article analyzes, from a gender perspective, modernist discourses on the nation and women, and studies the way in which women were involved in such debates. It underlines, on one hand, how women participated in anti-colonial struggles and on the other, their challenge, resistance and renegotiation of men’s nationalist projects. Through poems, tales, novels, short stories, memoirs, essays, journalistic articles, speeches educated women from the upper and middle classes shaped their nationalist and feminist agenda, in continuity and in contrast to the men’s. To combat national forms of patriarchal domination, firstly, under colonial rule, and, subsequently, under the independent state, some of them established feminist organizations. During colonization, women’s struggles were characterized by both nationalist and feminist goals, but having achieved independence, women had to fight to obtain their rights as citizens in the new nation-states. Post-independent governments marginalized women and/or co-opted their claims in what is called “state feminism”. Focusing on three countries, Egypt, Tunisia and Algeria, this essay highlights differences and similarities in nationalist discourses and projects in the Arab world.
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El-Khoury, Gabi. "Selected indicators on science and knowledge in Arab countries." Contemporary Arab Affairs 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2011.592403.
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This statistical file is concerned with indications of the status of science and knowledge in Arab countries, assuming that these countries have no alternative but to stimulate the areas of science and technology together along with the education sector, if for nothing more than to overcome some lingering problems like food-, water- and energy security (UNESCO, p 251). Tables 1 and 2 provide general socio-economic data, which might serve as prelimnary indicators. Table 3 presents indicators on higher education student enrollment, while Table 4 provides statements on public expenditure on education. Ranking of Arab research institutions is shown in Table 5, while Table 6 indicates the ranking of Arab countries in the Assimilation of Technology Index. Tables 7 provides statements on the numbers of reserchers in some Arab countries, while Table 8 presents statements on gross expenditure on research & development (GERD) as a Percentage of GDP. Tables 9 and 10 give figures on the number of scientific publications and articles being written in Arab countries, while Table 11 presents figures on internet penetration into the Arab Region.
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El-Khoury, Gabi. "Agriculture in Arab countries: selected indicators." Contemporary Arab Affairs 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2016.1244943.
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In line with the global trend, this statistical file assumes that the Arab countries are in a situation where they must find ways of feeding the growing population with a limited amount of land and water and other natural resources. It also assumes that the population in the Arab region is becoming increasingly urban. This represents a clear challenge for the region to ensure that agricultural communities are able to contribute to ensuring that expanding urban populations have access to safe and nutritious food, recognizing the crucial role of agriculture in reducing rural poverty, malnutrition in poor countries and, at the same time, contribute to sustainable development. Table 1 introduces statements on the rural population, while Table 2 gives figures on agricultural labour forces. Table 3 provides figures on total and cultivated areas, while Table 4 presents statements on land use. Table 5 is concerned with agricultural production and its contribution to gross domestic product (GDP), while Tables 6 and 7 present statements on agricultural and food imports and exports. Figures on Arab countries' contribution to the food gap value, self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) in main agricultural products and on the proportion of the under-nourished in Arab countries and their ranking in the Economist Intelligence Unit's Global Food Security Index (GFSI) 2016 are shown in Tables 8–10 respectively.
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El-Khoury, Gabi. "National accounts statistics of the Arab countries: selected indicators." Contemporary Arab Affairs 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2015.1121614.
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This statistical file is mainly concerned with the latest available data and estimates on gross domestic product (GDP) as one of the basic and useful indicators in assessing the economic performance in Arab countries and worldwide. Tables 1 and 2 provide figures on GDP and GDP per capita of Arab countries at current prices, while Tables 3 and 4 present estimates of GDP and GDP per capita at constant prices. Table 5 is concerned with gross national income (GNI) per capita at current prices, while Table 6 shows figures on GDP growth rates. Figures on the composition of GDP by economic sectors and on the annual change of real GDP are shown in Tables 7 and 8 respectively.
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El-Khoury, Gabi. "Socio-economic developments in the Arab countries: selected indicators." Contemporary Arab Affairs 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2017.1350369.
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This statistical file is concerned with the latest available socio-economic data recognized by the United Nations and the World Bank as basic indicators to assess the process of development in the Arab countries and worldwide. Table 1 provides data on population and shows the ranking and values of Arab countries in the human development index (HDI) as well as in the inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI). Tables 2–5 respectively follow up latest estimates on labour force, unemployment, poverty, education and illiteracy rates in Arab countries, while Table 6 concentrates on real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates and consumer price inflation statements. Table 7 gives figures on gross national income (GNI) per capita and the Gini index for income distribution, while Tables 8 and 9 respectively present indicators on health and social integration.
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El-Khoury, Gabi. "Arab government budgets: selected indicators." Contemporary Arab Affairs 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2017.1280261.
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This statistical file is concerned with Arab government budgets as it assumes that the sharp drop in oil prices coupled with ongoing regional conflicts have caused significant deficits in the budgets of most Arab countries, especially Arab oil-exporting countries, where governments had to implement a wide range of fiscal reforms aiming at rationalizing public spending and enhancing public revenues. On the other hand, lower oil prices have eased pressures on public finance in Arab oil-importing countries, especially in light of the rising cost of energy subsidies. Yet, many of these countries had also to proceed with structural reforms to reduce fuel subsidies and control the budget. Tables 1 and 2 provide statements on government revenues and grants, including estimates of government revenues as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), while Tables 3–5 show hydrocarbon and tax revenues, including estimates of these revenues as a percentage of total public revenues. Tables 6 and 7 provide statements on government expenditures, including estimates of government expenditures as a percentage of GDP, while Tables 8 and 9 deal with the structure of expenditures, showing estimates of current and capital expenditures along with figures on the functional classification of current expenditures. Overall surplus/deficit figures for Arab government budgets along with projections of the general government fiscal balance are shown in Table 10.
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El-Khoury, Gabi. "Labour force and unemployment in Arab countries: selected indicators." Contemporary Arab Affairs 9, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2016.1200260.
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This statistical file is concerned with the latest available data that might be useful in dealing with the issue of the labour force and unemployment in Arab countries and worldwide. Table 1 introduces data on the working-age populations, while Table 2 shows figures on the labour force participation rates. Table 3 provides statements on the percentage of children (between 5 and 14 years) who are working in Arab countries, while Table 4 presents figures on the labour force distribution by sector. Table 5 is concerned with data on the employment rates, while Table 6 presents data on labour distribution by level of education in selected Arab countries. Data on education outputs and labour market needs in selected Arab countries and on the perceptions of work and the labour market are shown in Tables 7 and 8 respectively.
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DİKTAŞ BULUT, Nur, and İsmet DAŞDEMİR. "Consumer profile and recreational demand structure of Arab tourists using forest recreation areas of Trabzon province." Turkish Journal of Forestry | Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1103565.
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Trabzon province attracts foreign tourists from Arab countries, and forest recreation areas are used extensively. This study aimed to determine the consumer profile, recreational use of forest resources, user and recreational demand characteristics for recreational areas, and consumer preferences and expectations of Arab tourists coming to Trabzon. In the study, a face-to-face survey was conducted with the random sampling method for 400 Arab tourists using 10 forest recreation areas in Trabzon. In the survey, questions such as visitor characteristics of foreign tourists, use of forest resources, recreational suitability, deficiencies, and reasons for site preference were included. The obtained data were evaluated with descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and the Duncan test. According to the analyzes and evaluations, it was found that approximately 83% of Arab tourists coming to Trabzon for forest recreation tourism came from Kuwait, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Iraq. The most common activities in forest recreation areas were determined as walking on forest roads, chilling, watching the scenery, taking fresh air, and taking pictures. The reasons considered very important for the preference of forest recreation areas by Arab tourists were determined natural and aesthetic values, the beauty of forests, and clean and cold water to drink, respectively. The most important variables affecting the utilization of forest recreation areas are inadequate facilities and services (4 points), environmental pollution (3.41 points), crowdedness (3.38 points), adverse weather conditions (3.34 points), noise pollution (3,12 points), security (2.86 points), transportation problem (2.59 points), and inadequate pandemic measures (1.35 points). In addition, the demand for forest recreation areas differs at 95% confidence level according to age, gender, education, family size, natural and aesthetic values, clean and cold water, the beauty of forests, tour program, friend recommendation, desire to be alone with nature, pandemic measures, lack of another place to go around the city, pollution situation, promotion and facility, and service adequacy. In the study, some suggestions were made for the sustainable management of forest recreation areas, increasing the quality of recreational services, tourist satisfaction, and tourism development for Arab tourists.
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El-Khoury, Gabi. "Public debts of Arab countries: selected indicators." Contemporary Arab Affairs 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2017.1311104.
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This statistical file is concerned with the issue of public debts in Arab countries. It assumes that public debt is a key source to fund the budget deficit in most Arab countries, and the rising public debt, particularly external debt, is increasingly becoming a concern for several countries in the region due to the pressure debt servicing might impose on these countries, which basically suffer an uncomfortable primary balance, in addition to the impact of crises in the region. Table 1 provides indicators on domestic public debts with ratios of debts to GDP, while Table 2 gives figures of external public debts with debt ratios to GDP. Table 3 provides estimates of total public debts with their ratios to GDP, while Tables 4 and 5 show figures of external public debt service, ratios of debt servicing to exports of goods and services and external public debt service ratios to Arab governments’ revenues respectively.
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Torki Bani Salameh, Mohammed, Hassan M. Almomani, and Ruba Hassan. "Arab Collective Security in the Regional Context (2010-2020)." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 49, no. 4 (July 30, 2022): 228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i4.2051.
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The study aimed to introduce the concept of Arab national security, its elements and challenges facing it, and to identify regional threats and their role in influencing Arab national security. The study assumed the existence of a positive direct relationship between the absence of the concept of Arab national security and the increase in regional threats to Arab countries. The study was based on the approach of analyzing international systems, with the aim of revealing the internal nature of regional international relations in the Arab regional system, the interactions that take place within the region’s structure, and the behavior of the region’s countries towards those interactions. The study concluded that concept of Arab collective security continued to face ambiguity in its definition and specification of its aspects, and its components. The source of this confusion is the fragmentation of Arab countries, and the growing national dimension over the collective dimension, as most Arab countries stipulate in their constitutions that protecting national security takes precedence over any other duty or function of the state .Many Arab countries resort to their national interests at the expense of the Arab collective interest in the event of the crises they face, in addition to the disagreements of Arab countries between each other, especially after Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990
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Élez-Villarroel Benítez, Raquel, Francisco Mateos Claros, Luis Amador Muñoz, and Macarena Esteban Ibáñez. "CONCEPCIÓN DE CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LOS ADULTOS MAYORES. CULTURAS CRISTIANA Y MUSULMANA EN CEUTA." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v7.826.
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Abstract.CONCEPTION OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS. CHRISTIAN AND MUSLIM CULTURES IN CEUTAThe quality of life in older adults is a current line of research due to the population tendency to ageing in the European countries as well as the West Bank countries (Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Tunisia). This quality of life may be related to the level of attention and cares we provide to elderly. Our study is focused on the population of the Autonomous City of Ceuta, following this premise. The interviewees answered to different aspects of the quality of life, such as discrimination against older adults, social relationships, leisure activities, sports, housing or health care. The sample was compounded by the most representative cultures in the City, Christians and Muslims. The last ones have proven a very enriched perspective to our study, giving more diverse opinions, such as the respect they feel for their older adults, the vision given by the Arab countries media about the older people, the suffering the elder have been through all along their lives, the perception of needing protection and support by the elders or the beliefs related to the lack of relationships with non-relatives and the lack of leisure activities, as the older adults have their family and they must dedicate to religion. Another contribution of this culture is the rejection to retirement homes, and the fear of ending their lives alone in a nursing home.Key words: quality of life, older adults, old age, cultures, Muslims.Resumen.La calidad de vida en los adultos mayores es una línea de investigación actual, dada la tendencia al envejecimiento de la población de los países europeos y de aquellos de la cuenca del Mediterráneo (Líbano, Siria, Turquía, Túnez). Dicha calidad de vida puede estar relacionada con la atención y el cuidado que proporcionamos a nuestros mayores. Nuestro estudio se ha centrado en la población de la Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta siguiendo esta premisa. Los entrevistados han respondido a diferentes aspectos de la calidad de vida, como la discriminación hacia los mayores, la sexualidad, la economía, las relaciones sociales, el ocio, el deporte, la vivienda o la salud. La muestra se ha compuesto por las dos culturas más representativas de la Ciudad, cristianos y musulmanes. Estos últimos han mostrado una visión de los adultos mayores muy enriquecedora a nuestro trabajo, proporcionando opiniones de mayor diversidad, tales como el respeto que infunden los mayores en esta cultura, la visión que ofrecen los medios de comunicación en los canales árabes de los adultos mayores, el sufrimiento que han vivido estas personas a lo largo de su vida, la percepción de que sus mayores necesitan la protección y el sustento de la familia o la creencia de que el mayor no requiere de las relaciones sociales ni del disfrute de actividades de ocio por su dedicación a la vida religiosa. Otra aportación de esta cultura es el rechazo de pleno a las instituciones destinadas a los mayores y el miedo a quedarse sin familia en la vejez.Palabras clave: calidad de vida, adultos mayores, vejez, culturas, musulmanes
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Moheeldeen, Atif. "ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT: THE EXPERIENCE OF ARAB COUNTRIES." مجلة جامعة الشارقة للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية 13, no. 1 (August 22, 2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36394/jhss/13/1/12.
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The present study seeks to examine the impact of international trade policies on unemployment for 10 Arab countries over the period of 1991 to 2014. In addition to various trade policies measurements, the present study takes into consideration various variables that represent macroeconomic distortion policies; a country’s economic size; the quality of government institutions; and labor market regulation. Using different proxies for trade policies, the results of the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) shows that trade liberalization policies appear to decrease unemployment rates over time. The finding supports contemporary calls to participate in international trade to facilitate job creation. However, further studies are required to identify the specific channels through which trade policies can affect unemployment in the Arab region.
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Kalashyan, A. A. "Perception of Russia in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf in the context of context of the special military operation." Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), no. 4 (July 12, 2023): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2304-04.
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This article analyzes the image of modern Russia in the Arab monarchies of the Persian Gulf, identifies the main factors in the formation of the international image of the country, and examines the perception of Russia by representatives of the Arab states. The article focuses on the diffi culties of building a favorable image of Russia in the Arab world and ways to overcome them. At the same time, the study takes into account the impact of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine on the perception of Moscow by the Arab countries. The paper also gives examples of «soft power» in creating a positive image of Russia in the Arab world. The study focuses on the infl uence of the media as the main political and psychological mechanism of infl uence on the formation of the country's image.
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صبري, ميادة. "Economic integration and planning the economies of the Arab world "An analytical vision of the Arab oil economy"." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 17 (February 5, 2013): 361–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2013/v1.i17.6448.
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There is no doubt that the relationship between economics and politics is a close relationship and has mutual impact in the whole world, but in the Arab countries the matter takes on more comprehensive and powerful dimensions, and it is not possible to separate them, if we want to achieve progress on the political level, it must be on the economic level, so the emphasis was on economic integration under economic planning, and the subject of the research focused on dealing with the importance of Arab economic integration, as it is an essential and necessary means to achieve the renaissance and development of Arab countries, and with what
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De Blasio, Emanuela. "Comics in the Arab world. Birth and spread of a new literary genre." Anaquel de Estudios Árabes 31 (July 16, 2020): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/anqe.67162.
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The research focuses on the birth and development of the comics, a new literary genre in the Arab world. The paper takes into account the dynamics of the advent of comics in the first Arab countries until to our days when comics began to appeal to an adult audience, sometimes taking inspiration from material from the West, sometimes referring to traditional elements of Arab culture.
With the advent of the Arab revolutions, this genre has become more widespread and has also been used by artists to express dissent and criticism. Following the fall of dictatorial regimes in some Arab countries, the power of censorship has diminished; this has allowed the proliferation of different types of comics, also thanks to the fundamental role of social networks and the Internet.
Through the examination of comics in the Arab world it is possible to shed light on a new literary genre and it is possible to trace the lines of the evolution of its themes and language.
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Al-Barasneh, Ayman Saleh. "FROM THEORY TO GRAND STRATEGY: ASSESSING US GOALS IN ARABIA 2001-2018." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 58, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v58i1.127.
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The study seeks to provide an overarching understanding to the US objectives and policies in the Gulf region at three intersecting levels; strategic interests, regional security and political reform. This study takes United States interactions with Arabia, as a case study, during the period 2001-2018 under the administrations of G.W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump. Additionally, the study attempts to generate greater understanding of the dynamics that motivating American international politics and subsequent policies toward the Arab gulf countries through examining the interactions between both systematic and domestic factors. Noticeably, US entrenched vital enduring interests with the Arab Gulf States rested, for approximately seventy years, on protecting oil flow from the region into international economy without interruption, selling arms to the Gulf Arabs and maintaining gulf regional security against any real or potential threats. Therefore, the administrations of Bush, Obama, and Trump were not different from their predecessors in their strategy of preserving gulf security through forward military presence in the region. Hence, the author employs the neorealist theory to understand US interactions with the Gulf countries. Remarkably, despite some scholar's arguments that envisaged the US policies under G.W. Bush and Donald Trump as departed drastically from US conventional policy, the study argues and concludes that the US actual policy towards Arabia reflects a traditional policy of maintaining mutual interests.
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Al-Qaaida, Mousa Sami. "Arbitration of oil contracts in oil-producing Arab Countries." Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.2.394.428.
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This study investigates the most important legal matters of arbitration of Arab oil contracts. It has focused on the independent nature of arbitration, and the distinguished characteristics which make arbitration the most preferable means to settle international economic disputes. The study as well as sheds light on the arbitration agreement which included in the oil contracts in a way that excludes this agreement from the legal rules that usually prevent such agreements from developing in scope and content on the one hand, whereas on the other hand the study takes a look on the arbitration tribunal resulting from the arbitration agreement that included in the oil contracts which have special characteristics that distinguishes them from any other contracts in other economical and trading ventures.
This study has concluded that it is better for the disputes resulting from the oil contracts to be resolved via arbitration without necessarily arbitrated affecting the judicial immunity function. additionally, settlement of disputes in issuing the arbitration decision should be voluntarily implemented by the two parties in conflict. Finally, the researcher recommends arbitration as the only viable tool for settling conflicts/disputes of oil contracts in oil producing Arab nations because it’s the fastest, most reliable, least expensive and time saving method of conflict resolution.
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Husaini, Ahmad. "Arab Spring: Islam in the Political Revolution and Middle Eastern Development." International Journal of Science and Society 1, no. 4 (December 29, 2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v1i4.152.
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The social movements that were present during the Arab Spring have caused political upheaval in Middle Eastern countries. Starting from Tunisia, the revolution spread to neighboring countries namely Egypt, Libya, and Syria. Present in the midst of a prominent Islamic religion and culture, the aim of the revolution is to bring democracy into the government systems of countries that have long been in an autocracy system, but so far democracy with Islam has often been considered incompatible with each other, especially in countries with values deep-rooted Islamic values. This article focuses on the use of Islamic values in the global civil society movement that takes place in the Arab Spring. Reviewing the revolution in a macro, the main argument of the author is that the Arab Spring became a phase which brought Islam a certain degree of flexibility towards democracy and brought democracy to the Arab world. This article generates the conclusion that the trigger for the revolution was not due to religious matters, the demonstrators who joined were not one hundred percent Muslim, and the issue demanded was not related to the religious life of the people, but that Islam, whether its values or religious practices, could not be separated in organizing the masses during the revolution.
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Koukhareva, E. V. "Education in the Arab Countries. from the Depth of Centuries to Our Days." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(35) (April 28, 2014): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-2-35-299-306.
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The process of acquiring knowledge and the methods of acquiring it through education and upbringing has a long history in the Arab world. In the pre-Islamic period it meant getting practical skills and relevant knowledge for surviving in the conditions of nomadic life. The main method of transferring knowledge was home education, imitation of the actions of adults and instructions of the elders. The adoption of Islam, at the time of prophet Mohammad, knowledge was presented in the form of divine revelation - Koran. The task of education changed towards learning the scriptures and truths of the new doctrine, spiritual and physical perfection of young people with the aim of their active participation in the spread of Islam. Among the ways of getting an education in that period, along with domestic education and private tutorials, there were two-level religious schools and military training. With the development and strengthening of the Arab Khaliphate, the educational system was perfected and there emerged pedagogical science. The schools of new type - madrasah - taught theological as well as secular subjects. The modern system of education in many Arab countries copies that of their former metropolies. Thus, the system of primary and secondary education in the countries of Maghreb described in the article, was formed under the influence of the French educational system, although in certain cases it takes into account specific national features.
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Gunarto, Toto, Ukhti Ciptawaty, Dedy Yuliawan, Ahmad Mahyudin, Ahmad Dhea Pratama, and Heru Wahyudi. "Comparison of Energy Consumption to Economic Growth in Developing Asian and Developed Asian Countries." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 14, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14871.
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This study will analyze the comparative use of Economic Stability Comparisons from the Consumption of Fossil and New and Sustainable Energy: Developed and Developing Countries in Asia, including developing countries Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand and developed countries Japan, the United Arab Emirates and South Korea. This study uses a panel cross-section/observation form of 6 Asian countries by taking the category of 3 developing countries and 3 developed countries. The time series takes the period 2005-2021, using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The results of a study of 3 developing Asian countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand GDP Per Unit Energy Use and consumption of sustainable energy have a positive and significant influence and consumption of fossil energy has no effect on growth. In the equation model of 3 developed Asian countries, namely Japan, the United Arab Emirates and South Korea, GDP per Unit Energy Use has a positive and significant influence, sustainable energy consumption has no effect on economic growth, fossil energy consumption has a positive and significant influence in region 3 developed Asian countries during 2005-2021.
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Guemide, Boutkhil, and Samir Amir. "The US-backed Moroccan- Israeli Normalization Agreement: Implications on the Future of the Maghreb Union." Journal of US-Africa Studies International Journal of US and African Studies 1, no. 1 (2019): 102–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21846251/joura4.
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After the signing of the Abraham Accords between the Zionist entity and the countries of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Bahrain under the auspices of US President Trump, Morocco joined the normalization process and became the latest country in the Arab League which agreed to normalize its relations with Israel through US mediation. As part of the agreement, the US agreed to recognize Morocco’s sovereignty over the disputed Western Sahara region, and to release $ 1 billion in military aid to Morocco. This Moroccan step added fuel to the flame and worsened its relations with the Palestinian Authority, on the one hand, and the countries of the Maghreb union, on the other hand. Morocco’s normalization of its relations with the Zionist entity does not only deteriorate its relations with Algeria, which supports the POLISARIO, but also affects the future of the Maghreb union. This paper discusses the implications of Morocco’s normalization of its relations with the Zionist entity on the Arab Maghreb integration project. It takes into account the Moroccan normalization process as a part of the overall Arab approach. In addition, it highlights the Israeli relations with the Maghreb countries of Morocco, Mauritania, and Tunisia, and how Moroccan normalization will affect the future of integration of Maghreb union.
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Aoude, Marc, Marc Mousallem, Majd Abdo, Bryan Youssef, Hampig Raphael Kourie, and Humaid O. Al-Shamsi. "Gastric cancer in the Arab World: a systematic review." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 28, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/emhj.22.051.
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Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer worldwide, characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis and a heterogeneous geographic distribution. The complexity of this malignancy has evolved, with environmental and genetic factors and treatment strategies being more studied. Aims: We aimed to group and organize the clinicopathological and epidemiological features of GC in the Arab World and compare with data from Western countries. Methods: To obtain the highest number of topic-related articles, an extensive electronic search was conducted in the PubMed MEDLINE and Cochrane databases up to March 2022 using Boolean operators with a combination of keywords and MeSH terms. A total of 42 articles were retained after screening in accordance with the objectives of the study. The estimated age-standardized incidence rates in the Arab World were collected from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database. Results: A total of 46 articles were retrieved from 11 countries in the Arab World. Epidemiological elements were collected, especially tumour attributes, risk factors and population characteristics, in addition to some therapeutic strategies. Results were regrouped by theme and then organized in tables and charts, allowing a global and regional approach to the subject. Conclusion: This review shows that the Arab World is considered a low-rate GC incidence region, presenting almost the same tumour characteristics as the Western countries. The lack of GC data in the Arab World should trigger a rise in research on this type of malignancy to better understand the subject.
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Halper, Jeff, and Anita Nudelman. "Applied, Practicing, and Engaged Anthropology in Israel." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 2 (April 1, 1993): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.2.n449261jku778278.
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Applied anthropology has a long history in Israel, its genesis in the massive waves of immigration that began after the establishment of the state in 1948. Its primary focus remains today what it was then: integrating (or in Israeli parlance, "absorbing") the new Jewish immigrants who came to Israel from Europe after the Holocaust, from Muslim countries from 1948 through the sixties, from Ethiopia and Russia more recently, and from many other places. Anthropologists have helped government agencies, schools, health services, and other public bodies understand the newcomers' cultures, aspirations, and problems, and they have been instrumental in devising modes of settlement that meet both the immigrants' and the country's needs. Ironically, little work has been done in the area of conflict resolution between Jews and Arabs (and specifically Palestinians) or in finding ways of integrating Israel's Arab population into the country's mainstream. While many Israeli anthropologists are prominent social activists, they tend to separate their personal and professional lives, and little of their professional work actually takes place in applied realms.
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Sharara, Hussein. "Modern and Contemporary Architecture Between Western and Arab Countries: A Review of Derivative Synonyms." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 16 (May 31, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n16p133.
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The most common approaches to contemporary architecture are described as 'modern', yet the terms 'modern' and 'contemporary' possess different contextual weights, resulting in a difference in terminological synonymy. This research examines the phenomenon that emerged in the late twentieth century, processes its conflicts, and describes several interrelated implications for understanding modernity and contemporariness. This research discusses the confusion between contemporary and modernist architectural representation by analyzing Western and Arab visions. Furthermore, it explores the study with inductive logic that takes an analytical turn to analyze, compare, and explore the real causes of the problem. The research also aims to analyze the impact of modernism, the semantic evolution of 'modernity', and our arrival to the contemporary, considering neoliberalism and globalism. The research concluded that separating the idiomatic language from the architectural language is necessary. Furthermore, it found that contemporary ended as an architectural style and continued as a cultural movement.
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Basurrah, Asma, Louise Lambert, Annalisa Setti, Mike Murphy, Meg Warren, Topaz Shrestha, and Zelda di Blasi. "Effects of positive psychology interventions in Arab countries: a protocol for a systematic review." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e052477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052477.
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IntroductionDespite the growing volume of published studies on the effects of positive psychology interventions (PPIs), little is known about their effectiveness outside of Western countries, particularly in Arab countries. As the effectiveness of PPIs in this region remains unclear, a systematic review focusing on this area of research can offer a valuable contribution. Here, we present a protocol for the first systematic review that aims to examine the effects of PPIs on increasing well-being, quality of life and resilience and decreasing depression, anxiety and stress for both health and clinical, child and adult populations in Arab countries.Methods and analysisThis protocol is carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. A systematic literature search for studies up to 30 April 2021 will be conducted in the following electronic databases: PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Dar Al Mandumah and Al Manhal. Experimental/quasi-experimental quantitative studies evaluating the effects of PPIs on healthy and clinical participants of all ages in the 22 Arab countries will be included. Outcomes will include psychological effects of PPIs on dimensions related to well-being (eg, happiness), quality of life, resilience, depression, anxiety and stress. The risk of bias will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A narrative synthesis with tables of study characteristics will be provided. A meta-analysis will be included if outcomes allow; in this instance, subgroups analysis will be conducted, depending on the data gathered, to examine differences in effect sizes based on age group, population type, duration of intervention and type of intervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was not required for the performance of this systematic review. We intend to publish the study in a peer-reviewed journal and share the findings at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020198092.
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Krylov, А. "The Jewish Paramilitary Organizations in Palestine before the Creation of the State of Israel in 1948." Journal of International Analytics, no. 3 (September 28, 2016): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2016-0-3-45-57.
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The article takes a look at the history and origin of the main Jewish paramilitary organizations in the British Mandate of Palestine (1921–1948). One of the myths often used in Western and Israeli propagandistic literature describes Israel as a very weak state that after obtaining its sovereignty became extremely vulnerable to the heavily armed Arab hordes that invaded it immediately after the declaration of the Israeli State. However, the analysis above shows that the first Arab-Israeli conflict in 1948–1949 was not a battle between young David against the giant Goliath. By the time of the creation of Israel all the Jewish paramilitary organizations operating in Yishuv – “Haganah”, “Irgun” and LEHI – united creating the IDF. The national army of the newborn State met all the requirements of its time, was much better equipped, trained, mobilized and armed than the soldiers of all the neighboring Arab countries, which objectively predetermined their crushing defeat.
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Esber, Paul Maurice, and Jan Claudius Völkel. "Introduction: On the Relevance of Arab Parliaments." Middle East Law and Governance 13, no. 3 (November 15, 2021): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-13031235.
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Abstract This introduction leads into the Special Issue “Parliaments in the Middle East and North Africa: A Struggle for Relevance.” Parliaments in the Arab world have hardly been considered to be relevant institutions during the decades of authoritarianism in the post-independence era. If at all, they were of importance as a strategic element in the power-saving strategies of regimes. The “Arab Spring” ten years ago, with its loud calls for a more democratic and socially just political sphere, opened a new window of potentiality for the legislative chambers in the countries concerned, yet to very different avail: while the “Assemblée des Représentants du Peuple” in Tunisia gained unprecedented relevance as constitution-maker and governmental watchdog, the Egyptian Majlis al-Shaʿb was dissolved in 2012 after Islamists sweepingly won the elections and were reinstated only after the old forces had resecured their stark grip on power. Here, parliament has hardly gained any new relevance. This introduction outlines the core structure of the Special Issue which takes stock of parliaments in the Arab world a decade after the 2011 uprisings, discusses the state of research, and develops its guiding theoretic framework.
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Malysheva, D. "The Monarchies of the Persian Gulf and Central Asia." World Economy and International Relations 68, no. 7 (2024): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-7-79-89.
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The principal investigative goal of the present research is aimed at revealing the parameters and main directions of political and economic interaction between the Arabian monarchies and post-Soviet Central Asia (CA). The analysis takes into account the cardinal changes in the world system, where the formation of a polycentric world order is in full swing against the background of rejection of the monopolar model of world development. The place of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf in this order is determined by their increased foreign policy ambitions, supported by super-profits from the sale of oil and gas. The article also addresses an important issue of perception of the wealthy Arabian monarchies and their regional association, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), in Central Asia as a rather attractive foreign policy alternative. The Arab states of the Persian Gulf are currently intensifying their interaction with the Central Asian region, which offers them considerable opportunities in political, trade, and economic spheres. The interest of the Arabian monarchies, members of the Gulf Cooperation Council, in Central Asia is also in line with their intentions to establish themselves as an independent geopolitical center. In turn, Central Asian countries hope to accelerate their economic modernization with the help of Arab investment and to broaden the horizons of international cooperation through interaction with the GCC. The Central Asian countries also do not give up hopes for the inflow of Arab investments, which are so essential to their development. In the context of growing geopolitical turbulence and a competitive environment, post-Soviet Central Asia opens up new horizons of international cooperation.
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Song, Aijing. "A Study on the Differences and Exchange Status of Chinese and Arabic Calligraphy under Different Cultural Backgrounds." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 5 (November 23, 2022): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v5i.2890.
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Since the introduction of Arabic calligraphy into China, the cultural exchanges between China and Arab countries have gradually become closer. Studying the differences between the two and the characteristics of integration and communication can have a certain impact on the innovation of calligraphy and the development of Sino-Arab relations. This paper takes the differences and communication characteristics of Chinese and Arabic calligraphy as the research object and uses the method of comparative analysis and literature reading to explore the different cultural backgrounds and calligraphy characteristics of the two. First of all, the different development backgrounds of Chinese and Arab calligraphy are the starting point, to understanding the mystery, and indirectly analying their closeness from the differences in several dimensions. Through the research results, it’s find that the differences between Chinese and Arabic calligraphy are mainly reflected in the way of writing characters, writing tools, style differences, and service objects. From this, it can be seen that although they were born in different backgrounds, social functions, and expressive meanings are different, but art has no borders. The two can infiltrate and influence each other in modern times by the development of the times, creating new artistic crystallizations.
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JASIM, Jasim Hasan, and Harith Hazem AYOUB. "VOLUNTARY WORK UNDER OF THE CORONA PANDEMIC IN A NUMBER OF ARAB COUNTRIES (DESCRIPTIVE STUDY)." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.1-3.16.
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Fear is the primary cancer of the immune system. The more fear increases, the less the immunity decreases. Nothing kills the immune system, such as fear. What happens today in the world to exaggerate the public’s fear of Corona virus has negative consequences for public health, in addition to the partial and total prohibition that it takes. Many countries of the world that affect the livelihood of people and their actions, and often reflect negatively on large groups of society in which this pandemic is spreading, and this in turn increases the need of people to get basic and necessary assistance to continue and sustain life, the most important of which is food and water , Most of the governments of the countries were unable to offer everything necessary for their citizens, either in whole or in part, so they resorted to the use of voluntary and internal associations and teams to get immediate and urgent aid or food and work to deliver them to the citizens who desperately need them, and it turns out through this study that many Voluntary organizations, societies, and teams around the world have responded to these appeals, whether humanitarian or interest-based. If this indicates something, it indicates the principle of social solidarity that Islam came up with, reinforced and emphasized. On the other hand, volunteer work was able to restore or extend bridges of trust between different Peoples and between different groups of one people. According to the sociology vision, fear of the unknown or forces Nature is one of the factors that drive meeting and joining together to survive and continue, and this is what happened in the face of the covid-19 virus in terms of interdependence and people helping each other in different countries of the world.
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JASIM, Jasim Hasan, and Harith Hazem AYOUB. "VOLUNTARY WORK UNDER OF THE CORONA PANDEMIC IN A NUMBER OF ARAB COUNTRIES (DESCRIPTIVE STUDY)." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.1-3.16.
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Fear is the primary cancer of the immune system. The more fear increases, the less the immunity decreases. Nothing kills the immune system, such as fear. What happens today in the world to exaggerate the public’s fear of Corona virus has negative consequences for public health, in addition to the partial and total prohibition that it takes. Many countries of the world that affect the livelihood of people and their actions, and often reflect negatively on large groups of society in which this pandemic is spreading, and this in turn increases the need of people to get basic and necessary assistance to continue and sustain life, the most important of which is food and water , Most of the governments of the countries were unable to offer everything necessary for their citizens, either in whole or in part, so they resorted to the use of voluntary and internal associations and teams to get immediate and urgent aid or food and work to deliver them to the citizens who desperately need them, and it turns out through this study that many Voluntary organizations, societies, and teams around the world have responded to these appeals, whether humanitarian or interest-based. If this indicates something, it indicates the principle of social solidarity that Islam came up with, reinforced and emphasized. On the other hand, volunteer work was able to restore or extend bridges of trust between different Peoples and between different groups of one people. According to the sociology vision, fear of the unknown or forces Nature is one of the factors that drive meeting and joining together to survive and continue, and this is what happened in the face of the covid-19 virus in terms of interdependence and people helping each other in different countries of the world.
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Njadat, Abdelsalam, and Ahmad Aref Al Kafarneh. "American Policy torwards Minorities in the Arab World: A Case Study." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v6i2.9371.
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Minorities subject is one of the ignored subjects in the Arab world and is surrounded with a great deal of conservation accompanied with clear efforts to minimize or spell any existing type of this problem where states in the Arab world are still based on tribal and regional basis, which resulted in the interest and care in minorities subject and the foreign intervention and the immersion of most minorities in resistance movements against margination and annulation with the aim of being recognized as partners in the country.Minorities in the Arab world can be divided into the following types([1]).(1) Non Arabic linguistics Minorities: Groups that don't use Arabic language as mother language in their daily transactions such as leurds, Armans, Arams, Serian, Turkmans, Shakas, Jews, Nigro, Nobions and Baraberian Tribes.(2) Non Muslim religion Minorities: Consisting of Christians Jews and other religion groups such as yazeedis, paganism, to taling for (20) million persons.(3) Non sounnitti Islamic groups; imami shiat (lthnay A shriah), Zaydis, ismailis, Durs, Alawyeen, and Abathyah khawarej.(4) Non Arabic and Non Muslim Minorities: those minorities that differ from Arab world habitants in terms of language, religion, and descent such as Migros and paganism minorities in the south of Sudan.Minorities represent one of the most important problems threatening state's national and regional unit, which opens the door for foreign intervention in the state national affairs, politically, economically, or military which will result in threatening internal stability.Given that united nations in it, current shape represent power relations distribution in the modern global order (system), these powers might Kurds those declaration issued by UN calling for the respect of human and minority rights to intervene in those countries internal affairs under various names such as humanistic intervention given the political and international usage towards human rights issues to control resistant or outlaw countries and the titles of human rights.The united states as a unipolar, started recently, adopting minorities and human rights issues as part of political requirements, that determine its foreign policy towards this countries or that, according to the way it deals with its minorities. But the proven thing is that the American intervention in minorities affairs has political objectives including its countries policies to be in accordance with American political requirements, and this intervention takes many various linds including military intervention in those countries in which USA has supreme interests and once these interests are secured, withdraw and left those minorities alone([2]).[1] sa'edeldin, Ibrahim, Reflections on minorities Question, Cairo, Ibn – khaldon center, (1992), pp. 73 – 132.[2] sa'edeldin, Ibrahim, AL-milal walnahal walarag minorities concerns in the Arab world, Cairo, Ibn khaldun centre, 1994, pp, 740 – 749.
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Wani, Gowhar Quadir. "Islam and Democracy after the Arab Spring." American Journal of Islam and Society 36, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v36i1.860.
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The debate on Islam and democracy is one of the most heated in academia,engaging both Muslims and non-Muslims, normative and analytic approaches.It also takes place on two levels: political-theoretical determinationsof the compatibility or incompatibility between Islam and democracy,and empirical discussions over how much Muslims (or Muslim societies)have modernized or resisted modernization. These debates have yieldeda vast literature, to which the present book under review is a significantaddition. It presents an overview of the historical developments regardingIslam and democracy and anticipates future trends in seven major countries:Turkey (Chapter 2), Iran (Chapter 3), Pakistan (Chapter 4), Indonesia(Chapter 5), Senegal (Chapter 6), Tunisia (Chapter 7), and Egypt (Chapter8). The book also includes an introductory chapter (Chapter 1) and a conclusion(Chapter 9).The introduction provides a literature review and brief overview of thedevelopments that served as immediate causes of Arab Spring in variouscountries. Various analysts have cited factors including a ‘youth bulge’ (amajority of the population in the Muslim world is comprised of citizensunder 30), poverty, unemployment, repressive monarchial regimes, andthe mass provocative events of self-immolation (as of Bouazizi in Tunisia)or killing (as of Khalid Said in Egypt) or torture (as of graffiti artists inSyria). Other analysts are of the opinion that the Muslim countries wereat last catching up to the rest of the democratic world. This book considersthese factors, presenting a critical assessment of Huntington’s equation ofmodernization with secularization and his equation of rejecting secularism ...
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Chaaban, Yousra. "Comparative Law As A Critical Tool For Legal Research In Arab Countries: A Comparative Study on Contractual Balance." Akkad Journal Of Law And Public Policy 1, no. 3 (May 13, 2022): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55202/ajlpp.v1i3.71.
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Montesquieu frequently used analogies from antiquity, the English political system, or the Chinese legal system in his classic work 'De l'esprit des lois'. To conduct and convey legal research more effectively, it is not sufficient to analyze a single system. Through real-world experiences, exposure to the legal environment enables the development of a particular cultural and sociological philosophy of the rule of law. We believe that comparative law is a challenging discipline to situate. It takes a social science and a legal perspective. According to Édouard Lambert, comparative law has two conceptions: one in which it is viewed as a social science, and another in which it is viewed as a higher kind of legal art. To distinguish between these two ideas, he asserts that the first "social" approach places a premium on comparative history, whilst the second "legal" approach focuses on comparative legislation, specifically on the legal systems of distinct peoples.
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Rasam, Zulifan, Muhammad Luthfi Zuhdi, and Shobichatul Aminah. "Fiqh Aqalliyah as a Legal alternative to Halal Standardization in Japan as a non-Majority Muslim Country." Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 14, no. 1 (July 3, 2024): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v14i1.177-202.
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The increasing number of Muslim populations in the world has led to the development of the halal industry in both Muslim-majority countries and Muslim-minority countries. Japan is one of the non- Muslim majority countries that is actively developing the halal industry to meet the needs of Muslims both domestically and for export purposes. This research discusses the problems faced by Japan in meeting the needs of halal products for Muslims in Japan. Japan is experiencing problems related to halal standardization because the halal standards applied in Japan are halal standards from several Muslim-majority countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates. This study uses qualitative research methods through observation, in-depth interviews and FGD to explore the problems encountered in determining halal standards in Japan. This study found that the implementation of halal standards of Muslim majority countries to Muslim minority countries raises complex problems. For this reason, fiqh aqalliyah, which takes into consideration the geographical, social and cultural conditions of the community, can be a legal alternative for determining product halalness or halal standard in Muslim minority countries. Keywords: Halal Standardisation, Japan, Muslim Minority Country, fiqh aqalliyat
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Karkaz, Ibtisam, Iffat Elbarazi, Linda Östlundh, Marília Silva Paulo, Mohamud Sheek-Hussein,, Rami H. Al-Rifai, and Balázs Ádám. "Sharps injuries and splash exposures among healthcare workers in Arab countries: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (October 2021): e052993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052993.
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IntroductionSharps injuries, including needlestick injuries and splash exposures, constitute serious occupational health problems for healthcare workers, carrying the risk of bloodborne infections. However, data on such occupational incidents and their risk factors in healthcare settings are scarce and not systematically summarised in the Arab countries.The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to review published literature about sharps injuries and splash exposures of healthcare workers in Arab countries, with the objectives to determine the incidence and/or prevalence of these events, their identified risk factors and the applied preventive and postexposure prophylactic measures.Methods and analysisThe protocol is developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol guidelines. A comprehensive presearch developed in January to March 2021 in the database PubMed will be followed by a systematic search of six, core medical and health science databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and Africa-Wide Information in May 2021. The search will be performed without any filters or restrictions for publication years. Covidence systematic review tool will be used for document management, blinded screening and study selection. Two reviewers will independently screen the records, extract data and conduct risk of bias assessment. Results will be synthesised narratively in summary tables, and, if findings allow, meta-analysis will be conducted on the incidence and/or prevalence of sharps injuries and splash exposures, and on the effect size of risk factors.Ethics and disseminationThe systematic review methodology does not require ethics approval due to the nature of the study design based only on published studies. The results of the systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, disseminated to stakeholders and made publicly available.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021242416.
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Balaa, Luma. "Misuse of Islam in El-Saadawi’s God Dies by the Nile from a Socialist Feminist Perspective." Hawwa 11, no. 2-3 (June 9, 2014): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341247.
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This essay argues that El-Saadawi, in her novel God Dies by the Nile, does not oppose Islam and does not claim that it is Islam that oppresses women, but rather that it is the abuse of Islam and the melange of Islam, traditions, and superstitions that oppresses the women in Kafr El Teen, which is symbolic of many Arab countries. This paper takes a socialist feminist perspective and analyzes the ways in which political institutions, patriarchy. and power structures in El-Saadawi’s God Dies by the Nile falsely and maliciously resort to religion and distort it in order to oppress women. This abuse is manifested in all aspects of the villagers’ lives—political, economic, social, and sexual.
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Niazi, Sarfaraz K. "A Proposed Global Medicines Agency (GMA) to Make Biological Drugs Accessible: Starting with the League of Arab States." Healthcare 11, no. 14 (July 20, 2023): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142075.
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Medical anthropology teaches us of historical disparity in the accessibility of medicines in the developing world due to their lack of availability and affordability, more particularly of biological drugs, including therapeutic proteins, gene therapy, CRISPR-Cas9, mRNA therapeutics, CART therapy, and many more. This challenge can be resolved by establishing an independent regulatory agency, proposed as the Global Medicines Agency (GMA), with a charter to allow originators from the Stringent Regulatory Agency (SRA) countries to receive immediate registrations applicable to all member states, expanding the market potential as an incentive. For non-SRA countries, it will be limited to biological drugs that are allowed their copies to be made, only biosimilars. A transparent approval process will involve using a rapporteur, a third-party product-related current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP), and assurance of the integrity of samples tested for analytical similarity and clinical pharmacology testing. GMA membership will be open to all countries. Still, it is suggested that the League of Arab States, representing 22 states with a population of 400 million, takes the lead due to their cultural and language homogeneity, which is likely to provide a concurrence among the member states. However, some states, like the Gulf Cooperative Council, are already accustomed to this approach, albeit with a different perspective. The target drugs are biotechnology and gene therapy pharmaceuticals, and their scope can be expanded to any drug.
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Najem, Sarmad Mohammed. "The Arab and Islamic Arts' Pressing References to Abstraction." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Social Sciences Study 4, no. 2 (April 10, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrsss.v4i2.379.
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The great influence on the cultures of different countries that characterized that stage, because of the Islamic conquests and the adoption of the Islamic faith by many peoples, and their migration to the Islamic cities at that time, accompanied by their art and the methods of its formulation. This brings us to a question about the influential references that call the Arab Muslim artist to opt for the abstract style and adhere to it. This was the problem of the research that was included in the methodological framework, as well as the importance of the research, its aim, its limits, and specifically its terminology. It relied on the indicators of the theoretical framework, which represented the analysis tool, according to which the results of the research were reached and then its conclusions, the most important of which are; (1) The Islamic doctrinal reference was a pressure towards the abstraction style; It is a natural result of the transformation of the Arab from the sensual pagan belief into the spiritual belief of Islam. The expression in the art of what is spiritual - even among non-Muslims, such as African blacks, for example - takes on an abstract character. There was a dislike or prohibition of the simile method; (2) Aesthetic thought is an influential reference, reflected in the artist's output. Its production was based on Islamic aesthetic values: moderation, consistency, proportionality, and organization, in an unremitting attempt to follow the example of divine perfection, which is the secret of beauty.
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Khiabany, Gholam. "Arab Revolutions and the Iranian Uprising: Similarities and Differences." Middle East Journal Of Culture And Communication 5, no. 1 (2012): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187398612x624373.
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A year and a half after the Iranian uprising in 2009, the unprecedented popular uprisings in several Arab countries at the beginning of 2011 provided some of the most evocative moments when power met its opposite, in decisive and surprising ways. In a matter of weeks, some of the most powerful hereditary/republican regimes in the region, such as Tunisia’s and Egypt’s, crumbled under relentless pressure and opposition from highly mediated “street politics” that shook the foundations of authoritarian and repressive rule, undermining hegemonic structures and configurations of power within nation sates and between nations. Technology, as in the case of Iranian uprising, emerged as one of the main explanations on offer to make sense of this new wave of revolts against tyranny. The revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt in particular, inevitably drew some comparisons with the Iranian uprising of 2009. The most significant question for many Iranians was how come that the two revolts in Iran and Tunisia which immediately and rather simplistically labelled as ‘Twitter revolution’ had a totally different outcome? Many in Iran started raising such searching questions: “Chera Tunis Toonest v ma natoonestim?” (Why Tunisia could and we couldn’t) or “toonestan az Tunis miad”! (Capability comes from Tunis). So how can we compare Arab Revolutions with that of situation in Iran? What the different outcomes tell us about the similarities and the differences, and what lessons can be learnt? This paper takes a broader comparative frame, beyond technology, to explore the issue of power and revolutions and to examine the similarities as well as the differences between Iran and the Arab World.
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Buendía, Pedro. "Urban art, public space, and political subversion: The Egyptian revolution through graffiti Arte urbano, espacio público y subversión política la revolución egipcia a través del graffiti Art urbain, espace public et subversion politique : La révolution égyptienne à travers du graffiti." Regions and Cohesion 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2012): 84–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2012.020306.
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The emergence of graffiti's urban subculture as a means of political expression has become a singular issue of the so-called Arab Spring. Graffiti and urban art, which had little to no relevance in the Arab world until now, emerged with unusual force in many countries, notably in the Palestinian territories, Lebanon, and Egypt. This blossoming takes shape in tangent with the strengthening of a civil society and its rise as a decisive actor in the new political arena. In Egypt's case, graffiti achieved a leading role that reflected the milestones of civil disturbance, marking the walls with virtual snapshots of the popular sentiment. The proliferation of graffiti also had considerable resonance in international media because of the strategy of spreading rebellious and subversive slogans by means of the symbolic occupation of a public space, which, until now, was monopolized by authoritarian powers.Spanish Un fenómeno singular de la denominada “Primavera Árabe“ ha sido la eclosión de la subcultura urbana del graffiti como medio de expresión política. De escasa o nula relevancia hasta ahora, el arte urbano de las pintadas ha surgido con una fuerza inusitada en varias zonas del mundo árabe, notoriamente en los Territorios Palestinos, el Líbano y Egipto. Dicho florecimiento cuaja en paralelo con la rearticulación de la sociedad civil y su irrupción irreversible como actor de los nuevos escenarios políticos. En el caso de Egipto, los graffitis han tenido un señalado protagonismo como reflejo de los sucesivos hitos de las revueltas, marcando los muros y paredes con verdaderas instantáneas del sentir popular. La proliferación del graffiti ha tenido asimismo una considerable resonancia en los medios internacionales, debido a la estrategia de ocupar simbólicamente el espacio público, -que hasta ahora estaba reservado al monopolio de los poderes autoritarios- para la difusión de consignas contestatarias y subversivas.French Un phénomène singulier de la “printemps arabe“ a été l'émergence de la culture urbaine du graffiti comme un moyen d'expression politique. Avec peu ou pas d'importance jusqu'à ce jour, l'art urbain et le graffiti ont émergé avec une force inhabituelle dans diverses régions du monde arabe, notamment dans les Territoires Palestiniens, le Liban et l'Égypte. Ce e éclosion doit être mise en parallèle avec le renforcement de la société civile et son émergence comme acteur décisif dans le nouveau scénario politique. Dans le cas de l'Égypte, le graffiti a joué un rôle clé comme reflet des jalons successifs des révoltes, en marquant les murs avec des instantanés virtuelles du sentiment populaire. La prolifération des graffitis a rencontré aussi un écho remarquable dans les médias internationaux en raison de la stratégie d'occupation symbolique de l'espace public pour la diffusion des slogans rebelles et subversifs; un espace public qui était réservé jusqu'à aujourd'hui aux pouvoirs autoritaires.
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Alyami, Marwa, Reem Alhotaylah, Sawsan Alshehri, and Abdullah Alghamdi. "Phishing Attacks on Cryptocurrency Investors in the Arab States of the Gulf." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no. 5 (May 13, 2023): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16050271.
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With the rapid development of technology in all fields, including the financial field, people have flocked to invest in cryptocurrencies, sometimes without prior knowledge or experience. This has prompted hackers to prey on inexperienced investors through many types of fraud and attacks, especially phishing attacks. Cryptocurrency investment transactions take place without intermediaries such as banks and monetary institutions. Investing in cryptocurrencies is a form of peer-to-peer transaction and takes place without the involvement of physical wallets. This study addresses cases where people may become victims of phishing attacks due to the nature of cryptocurrency investments. The aim of this study was to understand the concepts of various phishing attacks on cryptocurrencies and to measure the awareness of cryptocurrency investors in the Arab Gulf countries regarding the security risks associated with cryptocurrency investments. This research was conducted by distributing a questionnaire among cryptocurrency investors and collecting and analyzing all the survey responses. The results reveal a lack of awareness about how to deal with the security risks associated with cryptocurrency investments. The research concludes that the majority of cryptocurrency investors are unaware of how to deal with phishing attacks. Finally, we address future research directions and recommend actions that can be taken to increase investors’ awareness of this issue.
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Malkawi, Bashar H. "Arbitration and the World Trade Organization—The Forgotten Provisions of Article 25 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding." Journal of International Arbitration 24, Issue 2 (April 1, 2007): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2007014.
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This article explores one of the most forgotten provisions in the World Trade Organization’s (WTO’s) large body of agreements, namely, Article 25 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) and considers the use of arbitration as an alternative means of dispute settlement under the DSU. Given the intense interest in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and the unique importance of arbitration, Article 25 is worthy of study. It is a highly useful provision, which, were it invoked more often, could ease the dispute settlement process for the parties involved. This examination of Article 25, its genesis, and current usage patterns, also takes in a background look at the WTO dispute settlement mechanism through a procedural lens and pays particular attention to Arab countries’ participation (or non-participation) in WTO dispute settlement proceedings.
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Ouchen, Maryeme. "RESISTANCE OF THE MINORITY OTHER AND THEIR COEXISTENCE WITHIN THE DOMINANT GROUP TRANSLATED TO PORTUGUESE." Isagoge - Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (May 26, 2023): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.59079/isagoge.v3i1.193.
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Resistance of the minority other and their coexistence within the dominant group is one of the oldest striking issues in the social and political ideologies of several Arab countries. It is viewed as a major aspect upon which society’s safety, social stability and well being are based. For example the group of Imazighen[1] in Morocco has been struggling to be as linguistically and culturally recognized as Arab people; they have been resisting to live as an unimportant minority in the eye of the dominant group or as another whose culture and language do not conform to the relevant ongoing evolution of the society. Accordingly, this paper purports to investigate the notion of minority (Imazighen) resistance and coexistence in the dominant group (Arabs) under the tenets of ethnographic research approach. The study takes place in Ain Taoujdate[2] city as the area of investigation, and it opts for the interview and the story telling task as two instruments for qualitative data collection. To that end, two main patterns of result are yielded; concerning coexistence among groups, participants reveal that at the surface all groups or subgroups coexist with each other and no conflicts emerge in this area; however, formal and firm ties characterize their coexistence in the sense that close relationships are reserved merely for members of one’s own group. As far as the notion of minority resistance is concerned, interviewees ‘stories display that Imazighen‘s centuries old struggle for recognition results in the officialization of the Amazigh language and its symbolic implementation in the school curricular; yet, such processes are mere words on paper and Imazighen are still underrepresented in most social spheres in the Moroccan society.
[1] The indigenous people of Morocco are Imazighen or the Berbers, as different civilizations have referred to them.
[2] Morocco is divided into 12 regions; Ain Taoujdate belongs to the third region of Fes-Meknes in the province of Elhajeb in the middle Atlas of Morocco. It lies on an area of 446,550 km2 with a population of 216 388 inhabitants, 92 540 are males while females constitute 123 848 from the whole population. Like most of the cities in the province of Elhajeb, this area is known by its agricultural activities which make basic groundwork upon which the economy of the city relies, (Morocco’s population census, 2014).
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Aly, Hossam Eldeen. "Our aim is successful interstate interaction." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-19.
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The interview covers the diplomatic career of Hossam Eldeen Aly, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Arab Republic of Egypt to Ukraine. The Ambassador shares his experience of diplomatic activities in other countries and the difficulties he faced while working in the realm of diplomacy. According to the Ambassador, one of the priorities of the team of the diplomatic mission of the Arab Republic of Egypt in Ukraine is to maintain good and mutually beneficial bilateral relations in the realms of economy, culture, tourism, and industry. The Ambassador singles out two promising ways for cooperation. The first one is trade. Trade statistics indicate that Egypt is the key partner for Ukraine in Africa and in the Middle East. Thus, many Egyptian goods of high quality are poised to enter the Ukrainian market. These are high competitive goods that favorably influence the economies of the two states and allow the parties to expand their future cooperation in this domain. Another potential way to broaden collaboration is tourism. From this perspective, Ukraine is one of the main partners of the Arab Republic of Egypt. The Ambassador hopes the direct flights between the capitals of the two states will contribute to the increase in the number of tourists and expansion of travel destinations throughout Egypt. The Ambassador worries about activities of terrorist units at the regional level in different parts of the world that also take place in Egypt. The Arab Republic takes counter-terrorist measures in every possible way in order to free the country from this threat. The Ambassador stresses that Ukrainians and Egyptians have similar mindset and likewise strive for a better future. Bilateral cooperation, in particular the desire to ensure welfare for the peoples of Ukraine and Egypt, will boost the spheres for cooperation between the two states. Keywords: Egypt, counter-terrorism, bilateral cooperation, economic relations of Egypt and Ukraine, tourism, Ukraine.
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Sharif, Suleiman I., Souad Aldayeh, Huda Alsomali, and Fatmah Hayat. "Assessment of the knowledge and perception of generic medications among pharmacy and medical students in the University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates." Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 16, no. 3 (May 28, 2020): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741134320926642.
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Background Generic substitution has become a common practice in several countries, primarily because of a major cost-minimizing strategy without compromising healthcare quality. Objective The study was carried out to assess the knowledge and perception of generic medication among final year pharmacy and medical students in the University of Sharjah. Method A cross-sectional survey was designed, pre-validated, and distributed during the period of September to November 2019 in the University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The study research covered various aspects on knowledge and perception of generic medicines. It was distributed to 180 final year pharmacy and medicine students. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and Chi square test was used to determine the level of significance at p < 0.05. Result A total of 171 of 180 questionnaires were returned back including 87 and 84 surveys from pharmacy and medical students respectively producing a response rate of 95%. The majority of respondents in both collages were females, Arabs, and with parents of non-health care professions. Significantly more pharmacy than medical students agreed that cost-effective therapy and generics were covered in their study courses, generics are bioequivalent to brands and must contain the same amount of active ingredients like brands, that they are confident of their knowledge and more easily recall drugs by their generic names. Again more pharmacy students agreed that pharmacists should have the right to perform substitution but disagreed to the statement that generics takes longer time to produce therapeutic effects than brands. Conclusion Overall, Final-year students of pharmacy had better level of knowledge and perception of generic medicines and their right to perform generic substitution. Medical students seem to have limited knowledge of certain important aspects. Therefore, improvement of educational courses of future health-care professionals should be implemented early to enhance students’ awareness toward generic substitution.
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Calipha, Rachel, and Benjamin Gidron. "The Evolution of the Israeli Third Sector: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis." Voluntaristics Review 5, no. 4 (March 8, 2021): 1–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24054933-12340034.
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Abstract The expansion and development of the nonprofit sector worldwide in the 1980s and 1990s did not bypass Israel, and, as in other countries, sparked an interest for study to uncover its characteristics and major features. The Israeli population—both Jewish and Arab—has a rich tradition of voluntaristic activity on the individual as well as on the collective (organizational) levels, mostly in the communal context. The modern welfare state created new opportunities and new challenges for such activity within the broad framework of the nonprofit sector. This article aims to review the development of the nonprofit sector in Israel and analyze it within existing nonprofit theories. It takes a historical perspective in looking at its evolution, in light of political, social, ideological, and economic changes in the world and in the country. It discusses the development of policy and government involvement on the one hand and the unique features of Israeli philanthropy, both Jewish and Arab, on the other. It analyzes Israel’s civil society and social movements, as well as social entrepreneurship and their expression in the Third Sector. The article also covers the development of research and education on the Third Sector; it includes a review of research centers, databases, journals, and specific programs that were developed by Israeli universities. Finally, this article summarizes the characteristics of the nonprofit sector in Israel.