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Nosov, Dmitrii A., and Siqinbatu Siqinbatu. "Элементы волшебной сказки в цикле рассказов о Мастере-Аргачи." Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2020-2-14-100-110.
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The article discusses folk stories about Master-Aragchi that exist among Mongolian speaking population of the Xinjang Uyghur Autonomous region of the People’s Republic of China as well as among torguts in Mongolia. It gives the brief grounding for the determination of the whole series. The study gives a detailed analysis of the four fairy tales published in Urumchi and Ulan Bator in 1990 and 2002 — «Aǰirɣ-a-yin sü-ber ariki neregsen ni» ‘On how he made vodka from stallion’s milk’, «Эргүү ванг ичээсэн нь» ‘On how he made a clueless van ashamed’, «Daɣardaq ügei debel» ‘Non-freezing deli’и «Arγači amban noyan-i šükügsen ni» ‘On how Aragchi won an ambar-noyon’s bet’. The article determines the elements common to fairy tells on the level of the narrative structure and among the literary images.
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Miyawaki–okada, Junko. "The Japanese Origin of the Chinggis Khan Legends." Inner Asia 8, no. 1 (2006): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481706793646819.
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AbstractMost members of the Japanese public today, when hearing the words Mongols or Mongolia, immediately think of three different tales: 1) That the forefathers of the Japanese Imperial Family were the horsemen of the Mongolian Plateau, who came through the Korean Peninsula to conquer Japan; 2) that Chinggis Khan, the founder of the Mongol Empire, was really Minamoto no Yoshitsune, a Japanese general; and 3) that the Mongol invasion of the thirteenth century failed because of a typhoon caused by a Divine Wind (kamikaze), which saved Japan from Mongolian subjugation. Each of these three stories emerged to fill the psychological requirements of national pride in the times after Japan experienced the modernisation process launched by the Meiji Restoration in 1868. These can be seen as a Japanese version of The Invention of Tradition famously described by Hobsbawm and Ranger. The second of these tales was also born in England. Kenchō Suyematsu, 1855–1920, was ordered to study in England at national expense in 1878–86. He wrote a book in English, The Identity of the great conqueror Genghis Khan with the Japanese hero Yoshitsune, An historical thesis, and published it in London in 1879. Suyemastu’s arguments for the identity of Chinggis Khan with Minamoto no Yoshitsune are all absurd. Nevertheless, in 1924 after the Japanese dispatch of troops to Siberia, there appeared a study by Mataichirō Oyabe entitled, Genghis Khan is Gen Gi–kei (Jingisu Kan wa Gen Gi–kei nari) packed with the abundant results of numerous field surveys, which became a runaway best seller. This paper aims to explain why the Japanese became so particularly interested in the Mongols, among the many Asian nations of the Asian Continent, and why they displayed such enthusiasm about the Mongols, but not the Chinese, in relating connections with the history of the past.
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Puthuval, Sarala. "Stages of language shift in twentieth-century Inner Mongolia." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (June 12, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4083.
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Mongolian as a minority language in China is losing speakers, although several million remain in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The case of 20th-century Inner Mongolia is an example of the long-term processes that may precede language endangerment. This paper takes Fishman’s (1991) notion of language shift as a decline in intergenerational mother tongue transmission and formalizes it for quantitative research, applying the methodology to a retrospective survey of intergenerational language transmission concerning over 600 Inner Mongolians born between 1922 and 2007. Results show that bilingualism with Chinese has penetrated the entire Mongolian-speaking population, but has not thus far precipitated massive language shift.
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Ubushieva, Danara V. "Сказки о животных в фольклоре ойратов Китая (на материале сборника сказок о животных «Белозобый воробей» (‘Betege caγān boqširγo’)." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-1-10-21.
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Introduction. Oirat folklore traditions include typologically different tales that remain vastly understudied. Folklore materials of Xinjiang Oirats used to be printed in Clear Script type up to the late 1980s, but currently those are primarily published in Classical Mongolian, which makes it difficult for Russian folklorists to study them. So, the paper attempts an insight into one folklore genre of Xinjiang Oirats — animal tales. Goals. The article classifies animal tales of XUAR-based Oirats (China) in accordance with the universally accepted comparative approach. Materials. The work examines The White-Collared Sparrow (Betege caγān boqširγo) animal tale collection issued by Xinjiang People’s Publishing House in 1981. Results. The study identifies 24 (of 31) plots in standard world classification systems of folklore and mythological motifs, while 7 samples prove essentially local. Some plots are referred to as etiological myths.
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김주희. "The study on Korean vocabulary lesson using the Mongolian traditional fairy tales -making the International Mongolia school student the subject of study-." Korean Language Research ll, no. 22 (June 2008): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.16876/klrc.2008..22.21.
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陈实. "Language Outperforms Spears: Chamar Mask and Collective Aphasia——The study on “Mongolian” and “Korean” fairy tales in Manchukuo." Journal of Study on Language and Culture of Korea and China ll, no. 48 (May 2018): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.16874/jslckc.2018..48.006.
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Monraev, Mikhail U., and Alexander B. Lidzhiev. "Символика птиц у калмыков." Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-10-2-78-86.
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The article describes the symbolic meaning of the image of some bird species existing in the Kalmyk traditional perception. As a rule, different species of birds in the culture of a nation have their own symbolic meaning that can have both positive and negative connotation. The article analyzes the role of messengers referred to different species of birds. The article points out the link of the bird symbolism with totemism and in particular with the selection of this or other species of birds for totems of different ethnic groups. There was a comparative analysis of the bird symbolism among different nations. The study is of great importance as there is a need for revealing the main characteristics of bird image symbols which are as ancient as any other symbols existing in the life of people. The article analyzes the ornithonyms of the Kalmyk language from the ethno-linguistic point of view. Ornithonyms are widely represented in the folklore of Kalmyks and other Mongolian nations: in the fairy tales, proverbs, sayings and other folklore genres.
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Marav, Daariimaa. "MONGOLIAN STUDENTS' DIGITAL LITERACY PRACTICES: THE INTERFACE BETWEEN ENGLISH AND THE INTERNET." Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada 55, no. 2 (August 2016): 293–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/010318134962176441.
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ABSTRACT Over the last few decades, Mongolia has experienced social, economic, technological and political changes. Those changes have contributed to the growing cultural status of English mediated in particular through the digital literacy practices of young Mongolians. However, much of the digital and new media research takes place in predominantly Anglo-American contexts (RINSLOO & ROWSELL, 2012) and not much is known about what shapes Mongolian university students' use of digital technologies. The research reported on here aims to fill this gap. Drawing on perspectives offered by the field of Literacy Studies, which analyses literacy practices within the social and cultural contexts in which they occur, and employing a mixed methods approach, the research examines how Mongolian university students majoring in English used digital technologies, especially the internet, in their everyday lives. Data were generated through a survey of 98 students and through observations of and interviews with six case study participants who came from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The findings indicate that most students' digital literacy practices were directed towards improving their English. They used digital technologies strategically by negotiating the issues of cost and time, and exercised agency in personalising the technologies to support their English learning and eventually to improve their social positions. However, the findings also suggest that the participants' engagement with digital technologies was shaped by contextual and structural factors which included family background, personal resources such as English proficiency, digital literacies and aspirations. The research considers how the findings may inform improvements to educational practices around the teaching and learning of English and digital literacies in Mongolian universities.
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Khaninova, Rimma M. "Зоопоэтика текста в калмыцкой басне ХХ в." Oriental Studies 14, no. 2 (July 20, 2021): 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-54-2-393-408.
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Introduction. In the genre system of Kalmyk poetry, the literary fable appeared in the 1930s. When it came to master the genre, Kalmyk poets mainly focused on the traditions of Russian fable of the 19th–20th centuries, primarily on I. A. Krylov’s works which they eagerly translated. The Kalmyk authors were the least likely to rely on traditions of Eastern literature — whether Indian, Tibetan, or Oirat Mongolian — since those sources written in Tibetan, Classical Mongolian and Clear Script (Kalm. todo bichiq) were virtually unavailable to them, and not all poets had knowledge of the scripts. National folklore, including myths, animal tales, household tales, aphoristic poetry (proverbs, sayings, riddles), to a certain extent contributed to the creation of plots and motifs, a gallery of images ― people and the animal world ― in the Kalmyk literary fable. The appeal to the fable was determined by the tasks of cultural construction in Kalmykia, the satirical possibilities of the genre designed to scourge social vices and human shortcomings, contribute to the correction of morals, facilitate education of a person in the new society. Attention to the fable in 20th-century Kalmyk poetry was not that universal and constant, by the end of the century it was no longer in demand and never revived further. The Kalmyk literary fable has been little studied so far, with the exception of several recent articles by R. M. Khaninova, which determines the relevance of this study. Goals. The article aims to study zoopoetics of text of the animalistic fable in Kalmyk poetry of the past century through examples of selected works by Khasyr Syan-Belgin, Muutl Erdniev, Garya Shalburov, Basang Dordzhiev, Timofey Bembeev, and Mikhail Khoninov. Methods. The work employs a number of research methods, such as the historical literary, comparative, and descriptive ones. Results. The animalistic fable is not the leading one in the general genre system of Kalmyk poetry of the past century, including among fables with human characters. It usually includes characters of the steppe fauna whose figurative characteristics are manifested in Kalmyk folklore. The social satire and political orientation of the fables are actualized by modern reality, actual international situation and events. The paper reveals a relationship between the animal fable and — Kalmyk folklore and the Russian fable tradition. Most of the fables have not yet been translated into Russian. Conclusions. In terms of national versification patterns, the study of the Kalmyk poetic animal fable has identified such synthetic forms as fable-fairy tale, fable-proverb, and fable-dream. The genre definition is not always specified by the authors, a moral usually concludes each quatrain-structured narrative. Genre scenes, monologues, and dialogues contribute to an in-depth reading of the context, symbolism of images, and semantic code.
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Bu He. "Mongolian-Chinese Exchanges in History Studies during the Socialist Period: Mutual Understanding and Divergence (the 1950s)." Journal of International Studies 44, no. 112 (June 15, 2021): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v44i112.1698.
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This paper studies the attempts of the MPR and the PRC to promote historical exchanges in the 1950s based on their shared ideology of proletarian internationalism and historical materialism. Specifically, this research analyzes the initial historical exchanges between the two countries in the form of material exchange in the early 1950s, and further discusses about the cooperation between Soviet, Mongolian and Chinese scholars to compile a three-volume Mongolian history in the second half of the 1950s, which pushed the Mongolian-Chinese historical exchanges to a new level. Meanwhile, the research also takes into account the influence of Sino-Soviet relations and historical differences between Mongolia and China on their historical exchanges, especially the cooperation in compiling three-volume Mongolian history. Archival documents in Mongolian and Chinese languages preserved in Mongolia are used as the main research materials for this paper.
Социализмын үеийн Монгол, Хятадын түүх судлалын харилцаа: Ойлголцол ба зөрчил (1950-иад он)
Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүлэлд БНМАУ, БНХАУ-ын хооронд дипломат харилцаа тогтоосны дараах 10 орчим жилийн хугацаанд хоёр улс социалист орнуудын хувиар түүхэн материализмын онол хийгээд пролетарийн интернационализмын зарчмыг үзэл баримтлал болгосон ойлголцлын үндсэн дээр хамтран түүх судлалыг хөгжүүлэх гэсэн оролдлогын тухайд тусгайлан өгүүлэх болно. Чингэхдээ, 1950-иад оны эхэн хагаст материал солилцох байдлаар түүх судлалын харилцааг эхлүүлснийг тодруулан, улмаар 1950-иад оны хоёрдугаар хагаст “БНМАУ-ын түүхийн гурван боть”-ийг Монгол, Хятад, Зөвлөлтийн эрдэмтэд хамтран бичих төлөвлөгөөний хүрээнд Монгол-Хятадын түүх судлалын харилцаа эрчимжсэн ч тухайн цагийн олон улсын харилцааны нөхцөл байдал хийгээд хоёр талын түүхэн ойлголтын талаарх зарчмын зөрөө нь энэхүү харилцааг хөгжүүлэх явцад хэрхэн сорилт болж байсан, тэрхүү сорилтыг даван туулах гэсэн эрмэлзлэлийн тухайд архивын баримтуудад голлон тулгуурлаж, задлан шинжлэл хийсэн болно.
Түлхүүр үгс: БНМАУ, БНХАУ, түүх судлалын солилцоо, БНМАУ-ын түүхийн гурван боть, түүхэн материализм, социалист лагер
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Borlykova, B. Kh, and B. V. Menyaev. "Characters of Sart-Kalmyk Version of Epic “Dzhangar”." Nauchnyi dialog 1, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-10-231-242.
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Based on the well-known work of E.S. Novik (2001), for the first time, the experience of describing the internal and external characteristics of the characters of the Sart-Kalmyk version of the “Dzhangar” epic from the point of view of their individual, family and class conditions is presented in this article. The material for the analysis was the unpublished texts of the epic “Dzhangar”, recorded in 1929 by A. V. Burdukov and in 1972 by A. Sh. Kichikov in the village of Chelpek in the Ak-Suu district of the Przhevalsk region of Kyrgyzstan. For comparison, the published songs of the Kalmyk and Xinjiang Oirat versions of the epic “Dzhangar”, Kalmyk heroic tales, as well as the authors’ personal field notes were used. As a result of the analysis of the Sart-Kalmyk version of the epic “Dzhangar”, the authors came to the conclusion that for the in-plot functioning of the characters, it is important not only what role they play, but also what internal and external characteristics they are endowed with, since they correspond to those actions in which real characters take part. The characterization of the characters, playing up in the plot of the epic, sets the form of collisions. It was revealed that the victory of the heroes of the epic “Dzhangar” is associated with the following characteristics of the character: “strong / weak” and “brave / cowardly”, “whole / dismembered”, etc. Comparative consideration of the characters of the epic “Dzhangar” showed that the epic heroes have both similarities and local individual differences. However, the main functions that they perform in one version or another are close, going back to the ancient all-Mongolian epic tradition.
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Visser, Oane, and Lotte Schoenmaker. "Institutional Transformation in the Agricultural Sector of the former Soviet Bloc." Eastern European Countryside 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 21–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10130-011-0002-3.
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Institutional Transformation in the Agricultural Sector of the former Soviet BlocThis article discusses popular explanations for the demise of farm enterprises in Mongolia, such as: reduced state funding, corrupt and self-interested rural elites, and the (supposed) drastic central privatisation policy. It argues that these factors are insufficient to explain the collectives' demise, as they are largely true also for Russia, where no widespread break-up of farm enterprises took place. Farm enterprises in Russia, despite financial difficulties, show remarkable resilience as large-scale units. A tendency which can be observed in general, as well as in most of the regions bordering Mongolia with a similar type of (semi) - pastoralist livestock farming, Therefore, this article takes a look at the level of the Mongolian farm enterprise, and considers the socio-economic specifics of these enterprises to discover the incentives for employees and managers to disband (or leave) these enterprises. In doing so it pays attention to formal structures and informal social structures related to property and production, within a tentative comparison with Russia.
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Visser, Robin. "Ecology as Method." Prism 16, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 320–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/25783491-7978515.
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Abstract In “China as Method,” Mizoguchi Yūzō argues that “a world that takes China as method would be a world in which China is a constitutive element.” Similarly, a world that takes ecology as method is a world in which humans are a constitutive element, one of “the ten thousand things” (wanwu 萬物). In this essay, the author examines distinct ways in which fictional writers imagine relational dynamics between humans, nonhuman animals, regional ecosystems, and the cosmos to theorize ecology as method. Ecology as method works to radically decenter anthropocentric understandings of the cosmos, historicizes regional ecologies in order to illuminate global dynamics, and acknowledges deterritorialization. While mourning loss, it resists sentimentalizing cultural narratives that rationalize the genocide of species as inevitable. This article focuses on three contemporary eco-writers of Inner Mongolia. Mandumai 滿都麥, one of the People's Republic of China's earliest post-Mao eco-writers, romanticizes indigeneity in his Mongolian-language stories (read in this article in Mandarin translation). Mongolian-Han Sinophone writer Guo Xuebo 郭雪波 juxtaposes “grassland logic” against “agrarian logic” in his desert fiction series, illustrating how agrilogistics dominates the ecological imagination of the ethnically diverse desert-dwellers. Finally, the article analyzes the best-selling Wolf Totem by Beijing-based sent-down youth Jiang Rong 姜戎. Despite attributing desertification to Han ignorance, the novel simultaneously maps the steppes via ecological understandings from Hanspace ontology.
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Жамсаранова, Раиса Гандыбаловна. "SEL’KUP-KHAMNIGAN-BURYAT LEXICAL CORRESPONDENCES." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 1(31) (June 29, 2021): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2021-1-21-33.
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Статья описывает наличие самодийско-монгольских языковых контактов на примере нарицательной лексики селькупского, хамниганского говора бурятского языка и литературного бурятского языка. Обнаружились как лексические, так и семантические соответствия селькупских, хамниганских и бурятских слов, что наводит на необходимость постановки проблемы изучения природы данных соответствий, как в аспекте этноязыкового субстрата, так и в плане языковых заимствований как результата длительных контактов. Перспективным оказалось привлечение лексики из Хамниганско-русского словаря, составленного, в том числе, и на основе полевых записей известного бурятского просветителя Цыбена Жамцарано, изданных в виде сборника «Улигеры ононских хамниган» в1911 г. Т. н. «к-говор» хамниган позволяет предполагать, что этот говор представляет собой «промежуточный» язык или пространственно-временной предел в историческом развитии бурятского языка. К примеру, сопоставление хамниганского күбкэ(н), көбкө(н) ‘лесной мох’ и бурятского хубхээ(н) ‘мох’ обнаруживает чередование к- // х-, типичного и для селькупского қальдерқо ~ қальтырықо ‘ходить; бродить; бегать’ и бурятского халтирха ‘поскальзываться; скользить; кататься на санках’. При этом результаты исследования ономастической лексики Восточного Забайкалья позволяют обозначить все-таки субстратное начало селькупско-бурятских соответствий нарицательной лексики. В отечественной науке пока не разработана область межъязыковых диахронных контактов, которая смогла бы объяснить подобного рода соответствия в области лексики исследуемых языков. Промежуточным звеном средневековых этноязыковых параллелей, объясняющим попутно этногенетическое начало монголоязычных бурят, является т.н. «хамниганское» прошлое бурят, т. е. самодийское. Детальное изучение соответствий нарицательной лексики двух неродственных языков (что не исключает гипотезы урало-алтайского языкового союза) позволяет, во-первых, иметь в виду и наличие тюркоязычной основы как общей, возникшей преимущественно в средние века, во-вторых, подтверждает наличие типологически обусловленных языковых явлений как селькупского, так и бурятского языков в области фонологии и грамматики. The article describes the presence of Samoyed-Mongolian language contacts on the example of the common vocabulary of the Sel’kup, Khamnigan dialect of the Buryat language and the literary Buryat language. Both lexical and semantic correspondences of Sel’kup, Khamnigan and Buryat words were found. This suggests the problem of studying the nature of these correspondences, both in terms of the ethno-linguistic substrate and in terms of language borrowings as a result of long-term contacts. The lexica taken from the Khamnigan-Russian dictionary, compiled and being based on field records of well-known Buryat educator Tsyben Zhamtsarano’s collection of folklore texts “Sacred tales of the Ononsky khamnigans” in1911. We reveal the problem through phonological correlations. The so-called “K-speech” of Khamnigans suggests that this dialect represents the “intermediate” language, or the “space-time bor-der” in the historical development of the Buryat language. For example, a comparison of khamnigan kubke (n), kobko(n) ‘forest moss’ and Buryat khubhe(n) ‘moss’ reveals an alternation of k- // x-, typical for Sel’kup kalderko ~ kaltyryko ‘walk; wander; run’ and Buryat haltirkha ‘slip; slide; sledge’. The results of the Samoyedic onomastic substrate of Eastern Transbaikalia allow us to confirm thesis of the tribal names Samoyed and Khamnigan as one and the same onoma. We suppose the so-called “khamnigan” past of the Buryats, i. e. Samoyed, is an intermediate link, which simultaneously explains the ethnogenetic origin of the Mongolian-speaking Buryats. A detailed study of the correspondence of the common vocabulary of two unrelated languages (which does not exclude the hypothesis of the Ural-Altaic language union) allows, first, to keep in mind the presence of the Turkic-language basis as a common one, and secondly, confirms the presence of typologically determined linguistic phenomena of both Sel’kup and Buryat languages in the field of phonology and grammar.
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Davan, Taya. "Алтайн «Жангар»-ын уламлжлалын тухай болон түүний холбогдох зарим асуудлууд (= О традиции «Джангара» у алтайских народов)." Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук 15, no. 3 (November 25, 2020): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2020-3-15-141-165.
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Altai heroic legends represent a specific and multiphase phenomenon among which «Jаҥар» takes a rightful place. The researchers of “Jangar” are aware of the fact that in one form or another “Jangar” existed not only among Oirats of China and Mongolia, Kalmyks of Russia but also among Turkic-origin Tuvinians, Altaians and Sart-Kalmyks. However, apart from publications on this theme, the texts of these stories were not published. One of the interesting problems of the contemporary Epos Studies is the tradition of existence and masterly performance of Altai «Jаҥар». It is a well-known fact that the story was recorded by T. B. Shinzhin during 1977–1980 from the talented Altai storyteller-kaichi N. K. Yalatov. The text of Altai «Jаҥар» consists of three volumes. However, there is no academic translation of the text into Mongolian or Russian. The article gives analysis of the history of recording and study of the epos and briefly highlights the storyline. The storyline despite its volume maintains logical sequence, integrity of narration and completeness of the narrative. The main storyline is the fight of the upper and lower worlds. There is a need for comparative analysis with the chapters of the Oirat “Jangar”. This will allow us to determine whether the Altai legend is one of the variants of “Jangar”, is an independent epic creation or is its archaic primary source. The translation of «Jаҥар» into Mongolian and Russian will enable to introduce the story into the world Epos Studies.
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Kaschewsky, Rudolf. "East Asia - C. R. Bawden (tr.): Tales of an old lama. Translated with notes by C. R. Bawden. From a Mongolian Text Recorded and Edited by Ts. Damdinsüren. (Buddhica Britannica. Series Continua, VIII.) Tring, UK: The Institute of Buddhist Studies, 1997." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 63, no. 1 (January 2000): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00006972.
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Nanzatov, B. Z., and M. M. Sodnompilova. "Olov Khamnigans in the 19th Century: Ethnic Composition and Allocation." Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series 31 (2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2020.31.17.
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This article continues the series of the works devoted to the study of the ethnic composition of the Buryat and Khamnigan departments of the 19th century. One of the self-government bodies of indigenous of the Transbaikal in the 19th century was the Urulginskaya Steppe Duma, the main population of which was the Tungus of the Manchu tribe, as they were characterized by the Russian administration. One of the boards of this Duma was the Olovskaya indigenous Council. The department is of particular interest in terms of the ethnic composition of its population and its origin. The ethnic composition of the Urulga Steppe Duma revealed the extensive contacts of the Upper Amur – Shilka population with the vast area of the Transbaikal-Amur subregion, including the territories of Inner Asia, North Asia and Amur region. Different groups of horse and deer Tungus, on the one hand, and various groups of the Mongolian population, including the Khingan Mongols, Daurians and Buryats, on the other hand, took part in its formation. Also more ancient contacts of the Tungus with the Yukagirs were found. The composition of the Urulga Steppe Duma initially included five indigenous authorities. One of them was the Olovskaya indigenous Authority (Uprava). The Khitan, and subsequently Daurian population, which came into close contact with both the Tungus-Manchu tribes and the Bargy-Buryat groups of the population, created a special layer of the population – Khamnigan people. However, in Russian documents the entire population of the Urulga Steppe Duma, a part of which also was the Olovskaya indigenous Authority (Uprava) recorded as Tungus. The ethnic composition of the Olov Khamnigans shows that the population of the upper Amur – Shilka, has incorporated various ethnic elements not only from the Middle Ages, but also from antiquity. The article suggested the authors’ vision of origin of ethnonyms of the population of authority and their development. A number of ethnonyms such as Duligar, Bayagir, Kylteger discovers the presence of the Tungusic and Mongolic strata in the face of Khamnigan-Mongols, Daurs, Buryats. The Mongolic stratum is also represented by the bearers of the ethnonym Üzön, which has analogies in eastern and central Mongolia, among the Selenga Buryats and among the Kipchak tribe, which is part of the Kazakhs of Middle Juz. A detailed map of the settlement of the Olov Khamnigans was compiled, based on the census tables.
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Соловьева, Алевтина Андреевна. "Enraged Shrines: Modern Mongolian Folk Narratives About the Destruction of Sacred Places Under Socialism." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2020.21.2.012.
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Данная статья посвящена мотиву разрушенной святыни, известному во многих традициях и в разные периоды, который по стечению исторических обстоятельств оказался крайне востребованным в контексте социалистического-постсоциалистического фольклора причастных к этому опыту ареалов. На примере одного из таких случаев, вошедших в легендарный репертуар современных локальных традиций, разобраны особенности реализации этого мотива в монгольском фольклоре. В статье рассмотрена специфика монгольской ландшафтной мифологии, некоторые базовые особенности представлений и верований, связанных с почитанием священных локусов, в частности природных, их разновидности, персонажи, мотивы и практики, через которые они представлены в традиции. В работе также уделено внимание эмическому концепту «гневного места», популярному в монгольских традициях, и формам демонических проявлений священного, карающего, насылающего проклятия и вред. Кроме того, в статье затрагивается вопрос о характере отражения в монгольской фольклорной повествовательной традиции конфликта двух различных идеологий - государственной и традиционной, - воплощенного в сюжете противостояния партийца/ атеиста и представителя сверхъестественного, священного или демонического. Исследование основано на полевых материалах, собранных во время ежегодных экспедиций в различные районы Монголии (2006-2019). This article looks at the motif of destroyed sacred places, which is known in many various traditions from different periods. By a coincidence of historical circumstances, this motif proved to be extremely popular in Socialist and Post-Socialist folklore in regions that witnessed such destruction. The article deals with the specifics of Mongolian landscape mythology and examines some basic features of representations and beliefs related to the veneration of sacred loci, in particular natural ones, their varieties, character, and motifs, as well as the way they are represented in the tradition. The article also examines the emic concept of the “enraged place,” popular in the Mongolian tradition, as well as forms of sacred punishment - demonic manifestations, putting curses on and bringing harm to offenders. In addition, the article touches on the conflict between state and traditional ideology and its reflection in Mongolian folk narratives. The encounter takes the form of a confrontation between a Communist Party member/atheist and a representative of supernatural forces, whether sacred or demonic. The article is based on field materials collected during annual expeditions to various parts of Mongolia (2006-2019).
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Golden, Peter B. "The Ethnogonic Tales of the Türks." Medieval History Journal 21, no. 2 (July 25, 2018): 291–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945818775373.
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This article is a tour de horizon of the origin myths that were recorded in the Chinese dynastic and other historical works written during the Türk era (552–ca. 744) and in subsequent official histories (e.g., the Zhoushu, Suishu, Beishi, Jiu Tangshu and Xin Tangshu), historical handbooks (the Tongdian) and historical collections (e.g., the Youyang zazu [and the Taiping Guangji] and the recent translations of and scholarship on them). Also included is a discussion of a Uyğur-origin Tibetan ‘report’ on the ‘Northern Peoples’. The article focuses on the Ashina-Türk grouping that became the founding and ruling clan of the Türk Qağanate. The shaping of the Ashina-Türk took place in a range of areas extending from the Chinese border zones of Gansu and Xinjiang to Mongolia and Southern Siberia. The Ashina-Türks appear to have been a ‘composite’ of peoples with a variety of ethno-linguistic affiliations. A lupine ancestor figures in most of the origin accounts.
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Sukhbaatar, Dagvadorzh. "THE RULES OF THE MONGOLIAN NOBILITY, ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TALAS ASSEMBLY." ALTAISTICS, TURCOLOGY, MONGOLISTICS 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53042/atam/vol1_issue1_a4.
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Munkhjargal, O., and B. Sergelen. "Comparison of different maturity period to increasing yield and quality of soyabean." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 2 (November 24, 2014): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.223.
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Crop physiology is one of the important subjects to understand biological processes and functions. Through the science of crop physiology, it is possible to understand crop growth and development, components of plant yield, and their interactions.The Yukihomare is early flowering variety and takes about 35 days , Tachinagaha variety is medium flowering and takes 40 days, and Fukuyutaka variety is late flowering and takes 56 days from sowing respectively. Yukihomare variety is highest by 100 seed weight for soybean and its weight was measured as 34.2g. Tachinagaha variety is highest by total yield and harvested 1.62 t/ha. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.223 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.79-82
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Chertykova, Maria D. "SEMANTIC EVOLUTION OF BASIC MENTAL LEXICAL UNITS (BASED ON INTERLINGUAL CORRESPONDENCES IN SIBERIAN TURKIC, KIRGHIZ AND MONGOLIAN LANGUAGES)." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 2 (2018): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/24107190_2018_4_2_99_113.
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The present article views the basic interlingual lexical correspondences expressing mental meanings in the Siberian Turkic, Kirghiz and Mongolian languages. In these languages, mental tokens are few; they are characterized by a ramified semantic structure and polysemy. In the semantics of the lexemes considered, the mental component prevails, less often the emotional component takes priority. The fixation of certain relevant properties for specific lexemes is associated with their combining abilities.
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Feng, Yu Qin, and Ying Hao Wang. "The Discussion about Improving the Bearing Capacity of Single Pile for Bored Pile in Sandy and Silt Layer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 1469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.1469.
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The bored pile which have the unique advantage in having no noise, no shake, no upheaval, no sides way in the process of construction has became into one of the most widely used pile foundations in high heavy construction in Inner Mongolia region. Through an engineering project of bored piles in Inner Mongolia region, this article takes an analysis for bearing behavior of the bored piles in sandy and silt layer in this region. It also discusses the influence construction technology on pile-end ultimate resistance and the reasonable range of reduction factor of the ultimate resistance. When the soil layers structure is similar, it could improve bearing capacity of single pile for bored pile by utilizing the supporting layer and substratums optional regrouping. Utilize traditional single pile bearing capacity theory formula calculating and the static load test results it takes an analysis, finding out the approach of improving the bearing capacity of single pile for bored pile in sandy and silt layer. So we could find the optimization design for pile foundation bearing capacity of bored pile and thus promote the improvement in bored piles theory research and engineering application level in Inner Mongolia region and provide theory and engineering design experience.
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Muzraeva, Delyash N., and A. Batsuuri. "Дхарани из состава Монгольского Ганджура (на примере «Дхарани, именуемой „Сердце-сущность Святого, [обладающего] безграничной жизнью и знанием“»)." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-2-255-270.
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The article deals with dhāraṇī texts included in the 108-volume Mongolian language Kangyur. A xylographic edition of the Mongolian Kangyur was delivered from expeditions to China by the Indian scientist Raghuvira, and subsequently used for reprint in the Śata-Piṭaka Series by Lokesh Chandra. A copy of this 108-volume serial publication was purchased through Buryat monasteries by the Kalmyk Gelong Tugmyud Gavji (O. M. Dordzhiev, 1887‒1980), and now constitutes a valuable part of the collection of old written sources at the Scientific Archive of Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS). Analysis of tables of contents that precede each volume of the L. Chandra edition, and that of texts included show that dhāraṇī (Sanskrit dhāraṇī, Tib. Gzungs ‘spell’, Mong. tarni, toγtaγal ‘tarni, darani, magic formulas’) texts can be traced in a number of volumes and, respectively, in different sections, mainly in ones titled Dandr-a (‘Tantra’) and Eldeb (‘Collection of Sutras’). So, some volumes include single texts and others cluster them in single blocks (selections). The Dhāraṇī Titled ‘Heart-Essence [of the Holy One Possessing] Limitless Life and Knowledge’ is one such dhāraṇī text from Volume 23 transliterated and translated (with comments) in this work. Goals. The article examines available materials and provides an overview of dhāraṇī works within the Mongolian Kangyur, presents a translation of one notable dhāraṇī. Materials and Methods. The study gains comparative textual and structural insights into the Lokesh Chandra edition of the Kangyur and compares it to other editions, seeking to identify specific compositional features of various publications and reasons underlying the latter. Results and Conclusions. History of Mongolian Kangyur compilations – the compendium at large and its individual texts – is very complicated and requires further research.
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Young, John A. "The Changing World of Mongolia's Nomads, photography and text by Melvyn C. Goldstein and Cynthia M Beall. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1994." Journal of Political Ecology 2, no. 1 (December 1, 1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v2i1.20176.
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The Changing World of Mongolia's Nomads, photography and text by Melvyn C. Goldstein and Cynthia M Beall. University of California Press, Berkeley (1994) pp. 1-176. Photographs, tables, figures, index. Reviewed by John A Young, Professor and Chair, Anthropology Department, Oregon State University.
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Lozovskaya, Tatyana. "Features of the legal consolidation of the concept of "insignificant act" in the criminal legislation of Mongolia." nauka.me, no. 1 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s241328880015949-7.
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The article examines the features of the legal regulation of the concept of "insignificant act" in accordance with the criminal legislation of Mongolia. According to the author, it is necessary to supplement the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with a provision that takes into account the danger of an individual when qualifying an act as insignificant to fill the identified gap in law.
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Korzun, V. M., S. V. Balakhonov, A. V. Denisov, E. N. Rozhdestvensky, E. G. Tokmakova, P. P. Sanarov, S. S. Akulova, et al. "Epizootic Situation in the Mongolian Part of the Transboundary Sailugem Natural Plague Focus in 2018." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2019-2-79-86.
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Objectiveof the study was monitoring of epizootic situation in the Mongolian part of the trans-boundary Sailugem natural plague focus through 2018 for optimization of preventive and anti-epidemic activities to decrease the level of risk of human plague cases among the population in the border areas of Mongolia and Russia.Materials and methods. Epizootic survey was conducted across the area of 2668 km2 ; 282 mammals, 261 ectoparasites, including 257 fleas, were tested for plague. All laboratory investigations of the field material were carried out in the mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics, mounted on the platform of KAMAZ. Field samples were subjected to molecular-genetic (PCR) and serological tests. Fresh and mummified pickings of birds of prey, corpses, caught rodents and lagomorphs, fleas collected from corpses, were tested using immune-chromatographic method (ICM) to detect capsular antigen (F1) of plague microbe. PCR and ICM positive samples were investigated applying bacteriological method. In the course of epizootiological survey, GIS-tools were employed. All the results obtained were plotted on electronic maps using QGIS 2.12.3 software package.Results and discussion. The total of 47 Yersinia pestis ssp. pestis strains were isolated from grey marmots and their fleas. Y. pestis DNA was detected in 60 objects. Serological testing showed 60 positive results. Contamination of the caught souslik with plague agent reached 4.5 % (n=22), fresh corpses and picking of predatory birds – 63.4 % (n=41), mummified corpses and leftovers, skeletal remains – 10.0 % (n=140). It was established that in the border territory, adjacent to Russia, an intensive diffused plague epizooty, caused by the agent of the main subspecies, takes place. All epizootic manifestations were revealed at the altitudes of 2400–2800 m above sea level, in densely populated grey marmot settlements. The epizooty was registered in most of the southern macro-slope of Sailugem ridge, throughout 100 km and along the whole Karalakhtu ridge – throughout 30 km. The epizooty area, confirmed by plague agent isolation, amounted to 1207 km2 (45.2 % of the examined territory).
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Guan, Xue Mei, and Ming Hui Guo. "Study of the Influence of Anatomical Characteristics on Dyeing Effects of Plantation Pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica litv. Veneer." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1147.
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This paper takes plantation pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica litv. as study object, determines main anatomical factors influencing wood dyeing effects by measuring the related indexes of wood anatomical structure and dyeing effects, making a multiple regression analysis of them and analyzing the correlation variation law between wood anatomical structure and dyeing effects. The results show that there is a high correlation between pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica litv. dyeing effects and wood anatomical factors and the multiple correlation coefficients between anatomical factors and various dyeing effect indexes are between 0.573 and 0.786. The main anatomical factors influencing pinus sylvestnis var.mongolica litv.dyeing effects are tracheid proportion, wood ray proportion, resin canal proportion and late wood tracheid length, etc.
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Enkhtuul, S., and M. Munkhshur. "Formation of polymer nanoparticles by self organized precipitation method." Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (October 1, 2014): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.195.
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Polymer nanoparticles have been investigated with great interest due to their potential applications in the fields of electronics, photonics and biotechnology. Here, we demonstrated the formation of polymer nanoparticles from a tetrafydrofuran/water mixture solution. Polymer nanoparticles remained as dispersed particles in the poor solvent (water) when good solvent (THF) is evaporated. Homogeneous nucleation and successive growth of polymer particles takes place during the dynamic nonequilibrium process of solvent evaporation. The size of the particles ranging from hundreds of nanometers to micrometers scale depends on the solvent mixing ratio. With suitable combinations of solvents, this procedure is applicable to a wide variety of polymers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.195 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p33-35
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Purevee, Sodgerel Sodoo. "Assessment of Vulnerability for Land Degradation." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 5 (December 30, 2018): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v5i1.7977.
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Many scientists agreed that land degradation is caused by multiple forces, including extreme weather conditions particularly drought, and human activities that overgrazing in Mongolia. Geographic information system (GIS) have an important role in linkage and analysis of all aspects, in particular for determine land degradation risk. This paper describes four risk performance indicators and their attribute data tables of air temperature, rainfall, carrying capacity, road density were compiled into the digital geomorphologic map units in a geographic information system. As result this study, the very high-risk area was present in 0,03% and moderate hazardous area was 52,6 %, low risk area was 47.3%.
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Pei, Zhifang, Shibo Fang, Lei Wang, and Wunian Yang. "Comparative Analysis of Drought Indicated by the SPI and SPEI at Various Timescales in Inner Mongolia, China." Water 12, no. 7 (July 6, 2020): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071925.
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The global climate is noticeably warming, and drought occurs frequently. Therefore, choosing a suitable index for drought monitoring is particularly important. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) are commonly used indicators in drought monitoring. The SPEI takes temperature into account, but the SPI does not. In the context of global warming, what are their differences and applicability in regional drought monitoring? In this study, after calculating the SPI and SPEI at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month timescales at 102 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia from 1981 to 2018, we compared and analyzed the performances of the SPI and SPEI in drought monitoring from temporal and spatial variations, and the consistency and applicability of the SPI and SPEI were also discussed. The results showed that (1) with increasing timescale, the temporal variations in the SPI and SPEI were increasingly consistent, but there were still slight differences in the fluctuation value and continuity; (2) due to the difference in time series, the drought characteristics identified by the SPI and SPEI were quite different in space at various timescales, and with the increase in timescale, the spatial distributions of the drought trends in Inner Mongolia were basically consistent, except in Alxa; (3) at the shortest timescale, the difference between the SPI and SPEI was the largest, and the drought reflected by the SPI and SPEI may be consistent at long timescales; and (4) compared with typical drought events and vegetation indexes, the SPEI may be more suitable than the SPI for drought monitoring in Inner Mongolia. It should be noted that the adaptability of the SPI and SPEI may be different in different periods and regions, which remains to be analyzed in the future.
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Chen, Junfei, Tonghui Ding, Ming Li, and Huimin Wang. "Multi-Objective Optimization of a Regional Water–Energy–Food System Considering Environmental Constraints: A Case Study of Inner Mongolia, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 6834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186834.
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Water, energy, and food, as the basic material resources of human production and life, play a prominent role in social and economic development. As the imbalance between the supply and demand of water, energy, and food increases, a highly sensitive and fragile relationship gradually forms among water, energy, and food. In this paper, Inner Mongolia in China is selected as a research area. Firstly, synergy theory is applied to establish the framework of a water–energy–food system. Then, a multi-objective programming model is constructed, where the objective functions are defined to minimize the integrated deviation degree and pollutant emissions of the water–energy–food system. Meanwhile, maximization of the water benefit, energy production, and food production is also considered. In addition, the model takes economy, environment, water, energy, and food as constraints. Finally, a genetic algorithm is designed for accurately assessing the most promising results. The results show that the cooperation degree of the water–energy–food system in Inner Mongolia is getting better and better, and the pollutant emission from the water–energy–food system is decreasing. In 2020, the proportion of agricultural water consumption fell by 1%, while that of industrial water consumption rose by 0.48%. The production of coal, natural gas, and power are all showing an increasing trend. Among them, the increase of natural gas production is as high as 38,947,730 tons of standard coal. However, the proportions of coal, natural gas, and power change inconsistently, where the proportions of coal and natural gas increase while that of power decreases. Corn production accounts for more than 80% of the total, which is in the eldest brother position in the food industry structure. Besides, there are differences between the planned values and optimal values of decision variables. Finally, suggestions are put forward to improve the sustainable development of water–energy–food in Inner Mongolia.
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Zhang, Yule, and Shoulin Zhu. "Study on the Effect of Driving Time on Fatigue of Grassland Road Based on EEG." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (July 8, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9957828.
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In order to study the change law of the fatigue degree of grassland expressway drivers over time, this paper takes the semidesert grassland landscape of Xilinhot city as the experimental environment and takes the provincial highway S101 (K278–K424) as an example to design an actual driving test. Taking Urumqi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, as the experimental section, combined with the Biopac MP150 multichannel physiological instrument and its auxiliary knowledge software and mathematical statistics methods, the relationship between EEG and time was studied. The test results show that the primary fatigue factor F1 and the secondary fatigue factor F2 can summarize the fatigue law characterized by 96.42% of EEG information. During 130 minutes of driving on the prairie highway, the periods of high fatigue were 105 minutes and 125 minutes, respectively. Driving fatigue can be divided into three stages over time: 5–65 min fatigue-free stage, 70–85 min fatigue transition stage, and 90–130 min fatigue stage. Fatigue changes over time. The law follows the Gaussian function and the sine function.
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Niu, Hui Juan, and Jian Bin Zhao. "The Development Main Points of the New Area in Small-Scale City of Northwestern China - Pingdiquan New Area in Jining District of Wulanchabu City as an Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1617.
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With the deepening implementation of the western development strategy, the small-scale cities in northwestern China have embarked on a track of the rapid economic and social development. Facing the bottlenecks of land, city-layout and road congestion, it is hard to achieve the city’s internal connotative growth, Developing new district is an important strategy for extension-mode development of a city. This paper elaborates the site election, function orientation and the importance of development strategy based on the features of northwestern small cities, the problems face them and national policies. The essay specifically takes the Pingdi Quan new district, Jining District, Wulanchabu, Inner Mongolia as an example and shows how these factors are used in the process of city planning.
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Appel, Peter W. U. "Small-scale mining – hazards and opportunities in Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 7 (July 29, 2005): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v7.4847.
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Small-scale mining is the main source of income for about 100 million people in Asia, Africa and South America. However, the processing of raw materials during this mining activity results in the release of large amounts of mercury to the environment, creating serious environmental problems. Small-scale mining, or artisanal mining, is exploitation using only shovels, picks and hammers, carried out by individuals or small groups. A wide variety of commodities are exploited in this way, ranging from gold, diamonds, precious stones, tin, coal, dimension stones and slate. Small-scale mining is often carried out by labourers with virtually no knowledge of safety procedures. Tunnel cave-ins leading to loss of life are common, and the widespread use of mercury in gold extraction causes many long-term health problems for the miners. It is estimated that about 650 tonnes of mercury are annually released during small-scale mining to the environment, and this figure is likely to increase in the future. Mercury is highly toxic and its use causes health problems not only for the miners, but also to the entire population in areas where small-scale mining takes place. Some miners are aware of the dangers of using mercury, but have no knowledge of recycling procedures. Several international organisations, such as the World Bank, UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organisation), ILO (International Labour Organisation) and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), have launched programmes to examine the problems associated with small-scale mining. Progress so far has been slow, and much more international awareness of the global mercury pollution of the environment from smallscale mining is required. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) has worked as consultant to the World Bank on projects involving small-scale mining in Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Laos, and has also undertaken programmes concerning small-scale mining in Lesotho for UNDP and in Tanzania for the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA). This paper reports on some of the initiatives carried out in Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia, to secure and sustain the small-scale mining industry in these regions.
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Li, Xinyue, Nong Zhang, Zhengzheng Xie, Dongxu Liang, and Yiming Zhao. "Study on Efficient Utilization Technology of Coal Pillar Based on Gob-Side Entry Driving in a Coal Mine with Great Depth and High Production." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061706.
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Improving the utilization of non-renewable resources takes a crucial position in circular economy. Gob-side entry driving technology has been widely applied in coal mines in China, such as in the Shilawusu mine (Ordos City, Inner Mongolia), here considered as a case study due to its high safety and resource-recovery rate. However, at present the complexity of coal pillar utilization makes it hard to fully master the key technology for coal pillar size design, which leads to huge waste of coal resources. Based on theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, this study analyzed the basic mechanical structure of coal pillar and the characteristics of its weakening failure, providing theoretical reference for efficient recovery of coal resources. In general, results of this study can be helpful in pursuing the efficient, hence sustainable, development of mines with Gob-side entry driving technology.
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Schneider, Florian, Michael Klinge, Jannik Brodthuhn, Tino Peplau, and Daniela Sauer. "Hydrological soil properties control tree regrowth after forest disturbance in the forest steppe of central Mongolia." SOIL 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-563-2021.
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Abstract. The central Mongolian forest steppe forms a transition between different ecozones and is as such particularly sensitive to environmental changes. It is commonly affected by disturbances such as logging and forest fires. Intensified drought events aggravate stress on the trees that are anyway at their drier limit in the forest steppe. Climate change increases evapotranspiration and reduces the distribution of discontinuous permafrost, which leads to drier soil conditions. The motivation for this study came about through our previous observation that forest stands show great differences with respect to their recovery after disturbance by fire or logging. Sometimes, no regrowth of trees takes place at all. As water availability is the main limiting factor of forest growth in this region, we hypothesised that differences in soil hydrology control the forest recovery pattern. To test this hypothesis, we analysed soil properties under forests, predominantly consisting of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), in the forest steppe of the northern Khangai Mountains, central Mongolia. We distinguished the following four vegetation categories: (1) near-natural forest (FOR), (2) steppe close to the forest (STE), (3) disturbed forest with regrowth of trees (DWIR), and (4) disturbed forest showing no regrowth of trees (DNOR). A total of 54 soil profiles were described in the field and sampled for soil chemical, physical, and hydrological analysis. We found a significant difference in soil texture between soils under DWIR and DNOR. Sand generally dominated the soil texture, but soils under DWIR had more silt and clay compared to soils under DNOR. Soil pF curves showed that soils under DWIR had higher plant-available field capacity in their uppermost parts than soils under DNOR. In addition, hydraulic conductivity tended to be higher in the uppermost horizons of soils under DWIR compared to their counterparts under DNOR. Chemical properties of the soils under DWIR and DNOR showed no significant differences. We conclude that the differences in post-disturbance tree regrowth are mainly caused by different soil hydrology. High plant-available field capacity is the key factor for forest recovery under semi-arid conditions. High hydraulic conductivity in the uppermost soil horizons can further support tree regrowth because it reduces the evaporation loss and the competition of larch saplings with grasses and herbs for water. Another important factor is human impact, particularly grazing livestock on cleared forest sites, which often keeps seedlings from growing and, thus, inhibits forest recovery. None of the disturbed sites (DWIR and DNOR) had permafrost. We, thus, conclude that permafrost is no major factor for the post-disturbance tree regrowth pattern, although it generally supports tree growth in the forest steppe by preventing meltwater from seasonal ice from seeping below the root zone, thus increasing the water supply in summer.
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Portisch, Anna. "Sabloff, Paula L.W. (ed.). Mapping Mongolia: situating Mongolia in the world from geologic time to the present. xxvi, 273 pp., maps, figs, tables, illus., DVD, bibliogrs. Philadelphia: Univ. Pennsylvania Press, 2011. £42.50 (cloth)." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 18, no. 4 (November 5, 2012): 895–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2012.01798_10.x.
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Ide, Takafumi, Koji Takada, Jian Hua Qiu, Nobuhito Saito, Nobutaka Kawahara, Akio Asai, and Takaaki Kirino. "Ubiquitin Stress Response in Postischemic Hippocampal Neurons under Nontolerant and Tolerant Conditions." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 19, no. 7 (July 1999): 750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199907000-00004.
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Ubiquitin, an essential protein in nonlysosomal proteolytic system, is expressed after metabolic stress to the cell, The authors investigated stress response of ubiquitin in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil after forebrain ischemia, The level of hippocampal ubiquitin was compared with that under ischemic tolerance induced by ischemic preconditioning, The authors also studied ubiquitin gene expression using in situ hybridization method, Transient ischemia resulted in consumption of free ubiquitin and an increase of multiubiquitin chains, These changes were transient in the hippocampus outside of the CA1 region where neurons survived, whereas it was persistent in the CA1 region where neurons were destined to die after ischemia. Under tolerant condition, subsequent ischemia provoked rapid recovery and further increase of free ubiquitin. The signal of ubiquitin messenger ribonucleic acid was continuously detected after ischemia, not only under tolerant conditions, but without tolerance induced by preconditioning. Thus, ubiquitin stress response takes place, at least at a transcriptional level, in dying CA1 neurons. Under tolerant conditions, however, subsequent ischemia in the CA1 region induces the stress response of ubiquitin up to the translational level, leading to the rapid restoration of protein synthesis and to eventual neuronal survival.
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Wu, Sanmang, Yalin Lei, and Li Li. "Resource Distribution, Interprovincial Trade, and Embodied Energy: A Case Study of China." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/910835.
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Based on data from 2007 input-output tables for each province, we estimated the energy embodied in China’s interprovincial trade through input-output analysis. The results show that a sizable transfer of energy is embodied in China’s interprovincial trade, and the transfer goes from the central and western provinces, which have higher energy endowments, to the eastern and coastal provinces, which have more developed economies. The provinces with the greatest net inflow of embodied energy via interprovincial trade were Zhejiang, Guangdong, Beijing, Shandong, and Jiangsu. The provinces with the greatest net outflow of embodied energy were Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, and Heilongjiang. To effectively reduce China’s energy consumption, it is vital to adhere not only to the producer responsibility principle but also to the consumer responsibility principle. In particular, the economically developed provinces with substantial net inflows of embodied energy in interprovincial trade should provide support to the provinces from which the embodied energy outflows come.
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Feng, Yu Qin, and Lu Zhang. "Application and Discussion of Pressure Grouting Technology in Bored Piles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.487.
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Bored Pile with pile-end pressure grouting technology has been widely used in high-rise buildings and large public buildings in Chinas Inner Mongolia region. Due to this bored pile take a osmosis, filled, replacement, consolidation and consolidation effect, it could have a special role on eliminating the dregs at the pile bottom and the holes hidden trouble between the pile soil and it also enhance the strength of the pile body, increasing the binding power of pile and the soil between the piles. With the result of that, the supporting capacity has a significantly improved and this technology has become the advanced scientific method of reducing the settlement of the pile foundation. By using a high-rise building projects pile example that takes bored piles with pile-end pressure grouting and static loading test, observations and determine the settlement value of the single vertical design capacity analysis methods, it shows that the pile-end pressure grouting bored piles, the layer of sand mixed capacity has been significantly improved.
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Hua, Xiaoquan. "The Influence Factors Decomposition of Grain Output Increase in China: 2003-2014." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 11 (October 11, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n11p59.
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<p>As the world’s most populous country taking up 18.84% of the world’s total population, China’s grain supply has attracted high concerns in the world. This article takes the grain output increase in China from 2003 to 2014 as the research object, and wants to explore the influence factors of China’s grain growth and spatial effect analysis. It employs LMDI method to decompose China’s total grain output increase during 2003-2014. The increase of OFPPU paid maximum contribution to China’s total grain output increase among ACL, MCI and GPP. The conclusion of China’s grain output provincial spatial analysis is that the six provinces including Heilongjiang, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Anhui and Shandong, contributed 62.2% share to China’s increase. The results of predicted OFPPU by Exponential Smoothing Method of Hoter-Winter No-Seasonal are that grain growth in China can meet requirements of grain security for China’s population growth and living improvement. The author wishes China can increase investment on land consolidation and renovate facilities for farmland and water conservancy projects.</p>
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Mu, Ts. "Ceramic Ware from the Mounds of the Pazyryk Culture of Xinjiang." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 5(115) (November 30, 2020): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)5-18.
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This article presents offer a detailed description of the potteries discovered during the excavation of the Pazyryk community mounds in Xinjiang (China). Based on the fruitful achievements made by Chinese archaeologists, it takes into account the specifics concerning descriptions, dating as well as interpretations. The available artifacts are manifested in two illustrations and enable to carry out a comparative analysis of similar items found in the Altai Mountains in Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Furthermore, the article considers the prospects for investigating connections with other closely located cultures and issues of finding the origins and features of the already-established ceramic production. A comprehensive research of clay vessels from the Pazyryk burial items makes it possible to present their manufacturing techniques, and to reconstruct other domains of life support system for independent societies that resided in different regions of Altai and kept contact with other people, including those from the southern and eastern parts of Xinjiang. This requires a systematization of mass materials and the utilization of natural scientific methods in its study.
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Цыбикова, Бадма-Ханда Бадмадоржиевна, and Дарима Санжиевна Жамсуева. "ETHNO-CULTURAL COMPONENTS IN THE ORAL HISTORY OF BURYATS OF CHINA’S INNER MONGOLIA." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 4(30) (December 30, 2020): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2020-4-138-147.
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В статье устные рассказы рассматриваются как часть этнокультурного компонента фольклора бурят, кроме того, в их составе выявляются этнокультурные составляющие. На основе анализа записанной в экспедиции в Эвенкийском хошуне Внутренней Монголии КНР устной прозы локальной этнической группы бурят охарактеризованы историко-этнографические сведения, традиционное народное мировосприятие и религиозные представления, обрядовые элементы. В несказочной прозе китайских бурят содержатся сведения исторического характера с подачи самих участников прошедших событий об осваивании переселенцами новых земель, в числе которых важными являлись вопросы выживания и самосохранения. После очистки и приведения в порядок заброшенной территории и некоторого обустройства жизнедеятельности поселенцев были начаты работы по организации лечебного дела и учебного процесса детей своими силами. Сделано заключение, что в начальный период социальной адаптации мигрантов наблюдается попытка определенным образом самоизолироваться по отношению к титульной нации принимающей стороны, соседним этносам и народам. Их быт характеризуется замкнутостью уклада жизни, минимальной открытостью к принимающему обществу, неинтегрированностью в общекитайский процесс экономического развития в широком масштабе. Вместе с тем, поддерживаются добрые отношения с жившим по соседству русским населением, так как буряты считают себя и русских, проживавших в Китае, детьми одной колыбели — России. В устных рассказах китайских бурят наличие буддийского этнокультурного компонента в целом определяет их религиозное сознание. Наряду с этим прослеживаются добуддийские мировоззренческие установки, шаманистские составляющие этого сознания, связанные с почитанием культа неба, огня, воды, солнца. В похоронно-поминальном же обряде доминируют исключительно тибето-буддийские ритуалы и действа. Сделан вывод о том, что в устной прозе китайских бурят наблюдается синкретизм двух начал в их культовых представлениях: превалирующая приверженность буддийскому вероучению и сохранение элементов древних мифологических воззрений. This article considers the oral stories as a part of the ethno-cultural component of the Buryat folklore. Also, the ethno-cultural constituents are revealed in their composition. Based on the analysis of the oral prose of the local ethnic group of the Buryats recorded during the expedition to the Evenki Khoshun of Inner Mongolia of the PRC, the historical and ethnographic data, traditional folk worldview and religious ideas, ritual elements were described. The fictional prose of the Chinese Buryats contains historical information from the participants of the past events about the development of new lands by the settlers, among which the issues of survival and self-preservation were important. After cleaning up and tidying up the abandoned territory and some settler activities, independent work began to organize healthcare and educational process for children. It is concluded that during the initial period of social adaptation of migrants, there is an attempt to isolate themselves in a certain way in relation to the title nation of the host country, neighboring ethnicities and peoples. Their everyday life is characterized by closeness, minimal openness to the host society, and lack of integration into the overall Chinese economic development process on a large scale. At the same time, good relations are maintained with the Russian population living next door, as the Buryats consider themselves and the Russians living in China to be children of the same cradle – Russia. In the oral tales of the Chinese Buryats, the presence of the Buddhist ethno-cultural component generally determines their religious consciousness. At the same time, one can trace pre-Buddhist relics, shamanistic components of this consciousness related to the worship of the sky, fire, water, and sun. The funeral rite and obit are dominated only by Tibetan-Buddhist rituals and actions. It was concluded that in the oral prose of the Chinese Buryats, syncretism of the two beginnings in their cult notions is observed: the prevailing adherence to the Buddhist faith and the preservation of elements of ancient mythological views.
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Dyomshina, O. O., G. O. Ushakova, and L. M. Stepchenko. "The effect of biologically active feed additives of humilid substances on the antioxidant system in liver mitochondria of gerbils." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 8, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021729.
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Mitochondria are organelles that are most sensitive to the action of stressors on any cell of the entire organism and exposure to chemicals which can cause its dysfunction and cell death in general. Especially sensitive to adverse conditions are liver mitochondria, where the processes of biotransformation of endogenous and exogenous metabolites are formed, not only in the liver, but also in other organs and tissues. Mitochondrial dysfunction can cause instant hepatic cytolysis and steatosis. Therefore, early detection of mitochondrial toxicity is important during preclinical studies of new pharmacological agents, as this will help avoid remote negative effects. The biologically active feed additive Humilid, a complex of humic acids known for their antidiarrheal, analgesic, immune-stimulating, and antimicrobial properties; shows a corrective effect on the activity of the lysosomal cathepsin; enhances the positive effect of hematopoiesis on hemoglobin and its quality indicators consisting of red blood cells; and activates the synthesis and accumulation of fibronectin expression that takes part in the formation of immunological protection of animals. The objective of our experiment was to determine the effect of complex biologically active feed additives based on humic substances on the biochemical indicators of the liver mitochondrial antioxidant system of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus Milne-Edwards, 1867). The experiment was conducted on mature (6 months) Mongolian gerbils. The data obtained showing the influence of the biologically active feed additives Humilid, alone or in combination with ascorbate and Eco-impulse Animal, on the antioxidant defense system of liver mitochondria of gerbils are presented in this article. The proven antioxidant effect of humic substances in the mitochondrial fraction of the liver which inhibits the accumulation of oxidized products in the cells is shown, confirmed by the decrease in the number of TBA-active products, catalase activation, and an increase in the concentration of cytochrome C. Also, an increase in the amount of cytochrome C, which is a direct participant in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and provides efficient electron transport, indicates the acceleration of energy supply processes. The functional activity of mitochondria was accompanied by increased activity of aspartate aminotransferase involved in the shuttle of malate-aspartate transport of electrons through the mitochondrial membrane. The results obtained indicate the positive reaction of gerbil liver mitochondria under the influence of the biologically active feed additives of humic substance.
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Khamitova, Shaizat Amantayevna, and Almagul Sovetovna Adilova. "Language Adaptation of Turkisms in English." Engineering and Educational Technologies 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2307-9770.2020.08.03.02.
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One of the most important indicators of the adaptation of Turkic borrowing in English is their allocation in different dictionaries of English (explanatory, etymological, phraselogical), as well as their use in different works of fiction. Linguistic contacts manifest themselves in the interaction of linguistic, cultural and historical factors and represent an essential process in intercultural communication. Turkic lexical elements, actively used in various languages as a language mechanism, require special attention. A comparison of different languages shows that borrowing is a universal fact of language, the linguistic essence of which allows to determine the absolute or relative chronology of their entry into the system of different languages. Turkisms closely related to the lexico-semantic system of the recipient language expands the body of language units of English and other languages, indicating the paths of penetration and the degree of adaptation. This takes into account the patterns of lexical and phonetic potential of the language. Turkic borrowing includes not only Turkic words, but also lexical elements of Arabic and Mongolian, Persian, Tatar, Uzbek, Kazakh origin, which have penetrated English through many Turkic languages and have been reflected in English lexicographic sources. Turkism thus refers to words included in English from Turkic languages or through Turkic languages regardless of the source of the mutual relationship, i.e. words having a Turkic stage in their history.
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Wu, Zhiwei, Xinxin Li, Yanjie Li, and Yun Li. "Potential Influence of Arctic Sea Ice to the Interannual Variations of East Asian Spring Precipitation*." Journal of Climate 29, no. 8 (April 5, 2016): 2797–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0128.1.
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Abstract Arctic sea ice (ASI) and its potential climatic impacts have received increasing attention during the past decades, yet the relevant mechanisms are far from being understood, particularly how anomalous ASI affects climate in midlatitudes. The spring precipitation takes up as much as 30% of the annual total and significantly influences agriculture in East Asia. Here, observed evidence and numerical experiment results show that the ASI variability in the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea in the preceding winter is intimately connected with interannual variations of the East Asian spring precipitation (EAP). The former can explain about 14% of the total variance of the latter. The ASI anomalies persist from winter through the ensuing spring and excite downstream teleconnections of a distinct Rossby wave train prevailing over the Eurasian continent. For the reduced ASI, such a wave train pattern is usually associated with an anomalous low pressure center over the Mongolian plateau, which accelerates the East Asian subtropical westerly jet. The intensified subtropical westerly jet, concurrent with lower-level convergence and upper-level divergence, enhances the local convection and consequently favors rich spring precipitation over East Asia. For the excessive ASI, the situation tends to be opposite. Given that seasonal prediction of the EAP remains a challenging issue, the winter ASI variability may provide another potential predictability source besides El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
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Safonov, D. A. "The recent tectonic stress field of the Amur region." Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 9, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 1025–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2018-9-3-0382.
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The Amur region (Priamurie) is located in the NE part of the Amur lithospheric plate and its surrounding territories. Seismic activity is moderate in Priamurie, and the regional earthquakes, including the strongest ones, occur mainly in three seismic belts: Stanovoi (the zone of influence of the eastern flank of the Stanovoi fault), Yankan-Tukuringra-Soktakhan (the eastern flank of the Mongolia-Okhotsk lineament), and Turan-Selemzhinsky (from the Lesser Khingan to the north). The Sakhalin Branch of FRC GS RAS Catalogue of focal mechanisms of 57 regional earthquakes provide the data for a more precise estimation of the parameters of the crustal stress state in the study area. The Cataclastic Analysis Method (CAM) developed by Yu.L. Rebetsky (stage 1) was used to estimate the orientations of the main axes of the stress tensor and the Lode – Nadai coefficient. The analysis shows that the Upper Priamurie is dominated by shearing and compression with shearing. The Amur plate moves relative to the Aldan-Stanovoi block along the South Tukuringra and North Tukuringa faults to the east. Vertical shearing is predominant along the Dzheltulak fault and the western segment of the North Tukuringra fault. The NNE-trending compression takes place in the area located east of the quiescence zone of the Dzhagda ridge. Along the Mongolia-Okhotsk fault system, near the Sea of Okhotsk, the direction of compression changes to the northward one. The tectonic stress field along the Tanlu fault zone is inhomogeneous and comprises the alternating zones of horizontal compression and stretching with varying directions of the main stress axes. To the east of the band characterized by the maximum seismic activity, compression changes its direction to the southeast- and eastward. Probably, the impact of the oceanic subduction on the northern part of the Japan-Korean block begins to manifest itself in this part of the Amur region. The tectonic stress field reconstructed from the seismological data is consistent with the measurements of the modern crustal movements. The results of our study can prove useful for clarifying the tectonics of the region.
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Kawai, Takahiro, Yoshiaki Yamakawa, and Yoshio Takahashi. "Speciation of Magnesium in Aerosols Using X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Related to Its Contribution to Neutralization Reactions in the Atmosphere." Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050586.
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Aerosols, including mineral dust, are transported from China and Mongolia to Japan, particularly in spring. It has been recognized that calcium (Ca) carbonate is the main Ca species in aerosols, which reacts with acidic species such as sulfuric and nitric acids at the surface of mineral dust during its long-range transport, related to mitigation of acid depositions. The similar assumption that magnesium (Mg) originally takes the form of carbonate and contributes to the neutralization reaction and buffering effect on the acidity of aerosols has been suggested in various studies. However, few studies have confirmed this process by measuring actual Mg species in aerosols quantitatively. In this study, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was employed to determine Mg species in size-fractionated aerosol samples, including mineral dust. The results showed that (i) most Mg in the mineral dust did not take the form of carbonate and its reacted species (e.g., sulfate and nitrate) produced by the neutralization reaction, but (ii) Mg was mainly found as Mg in the octahedral layer in phyllosilicates. Given that the reactivity of such Mg in phyllosilicates is much lower than those in carbonate minerals, the contribution of Mg to the neutralization reactions in the atmosphere must be lower than previously expected.
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Gombojav, Gongmujafu. "Дал шинжилгээний уламжлал бэлгэдэл (Шинжааны Баянголын монголчуудын жишээгээр) (= Традиция гадания на бараньей лопатке и его символика (на примере баянгольcких монголов Синьцзяна))." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, no. 3 (November 5, 2020): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-3-446-454.
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Introduction. In the cultural tradition of Mongolic peoples, there is a rite of sacralizing certain parts of animal bones, and related ritual actions and prohibitions. In this regard, a special place is held by the ancient rite of telling tales and divination on sheep scapula. Goals. The paper seeks to examine the mentioned practice among Bayangol Mongols (Oirats) of the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (PRC). Results. The shoulder bone as an important and sacred part of the body is mentioned in many oral and written narratives, including such ancient written monuments as The Secret History of the Mongols and the Epic of Jangar. In the food culture of the Oirats, there is a special tradition of offering a shoulder bone to certain members of the family and clan, by age and social status. In the verse of benevolence to be recited after eating the spatula meat and an obligatory break of the scapula, as well as in the text of the narrative and divination on sheep scapula, there are certain general clichéd formulas that have a deep symbolic meaning. The article examines the rites that exist in the tradition of the Oirats of Bayangol related to storytelling and divination on sheep scapula, as well as the symbolic meaning of the texts.