Academic literature on the topic 'Talinum triangulare'

Acetolysed pollen grains of Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn., Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. pink petals, Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. white petals and Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. pink and white petals F1 hybrid were studied in order to document their morphological structures and ascertain features of taxonomic significance among them. All the taxa have generic features which support their classification as a genus as well as distinct features which ascertain their individuality. Generic features include monad pollen unit, acolpate and monocolpate pollen grains as well as circular and ovate pollen shapes. The delimiting features include additional dyads pollen units in T. triangulare white petal and the F1 hybrid of T. triangulare pink and white petals, quadrangular pollen shape in T. paniculatum, bicolpate pollen grain in the F1 hybrid, tricolpate pollens in T. triangulare white petal and T. paniculatum, tetracolpate pollens in T. triangulare pink petal and T. paniculatum and pentacolpate pollen grains in T. paniculatum only. The shape of the pores in T. paniculatum also separated it from the varieties and hybrid of T. triangulare. Based on the pollen size, the pollens of T. paniculatum are Media (25 - 50 µm) while those of the two varieties of T. triangulare and their F1 hybrid are Magna (50 - 100 µm). The taxa of Talinum in this study can be separated based on their palynological features.

This study compared the effects of Talinum triangulare extract and Ascorbic acid on the oxidative stress caused by Di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) induced undescended testis (UDT) in Wistar rats. Twenty-four pregnant rats were randomly divided into six groups of four animals each. Group 1(Control) received 2.5ml/kg corn oil for 21 days, Group 2 received 750mg/kg DEHP on gestational days (GD) 14-18, Group 3 received 200mg/kg ascorbic acid for 21 days and 750mg/kg DEHP from GD 14-18 and Group 4 received 200mg/kg Talinum triangulare extract for 21 days and 750mg/kg of DEHP from GD 14-18. The dams were delivered, the resulting pups weighed and sacrificed on postnatal day (PND) 28. Gross examination of the pups, biochemical and histological changes were recorded. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA. Group 2 pups had UDT and low birth weight compared to other groups. The mean testicular weight and anogenital distance (AGD) were low in Group 2 pups compared to pups in Groups 3 and 4. The mean values of all the antioxidant enzymes and serum testosterone were low in Group 2 pups compared to other groups. Histological examination of the testes of Group 2 pups revealed moderate vascular congestion within the tunica albuginea and severe atrophy of seminiferous tubules with degenerated Sertoli cells compared to normal findings in other Groups. Although the ameliorative effects of Talinum triangulare is not as potent as that of Ascorbic acid, preconceptional and continuous intake of this vegetable by pregnant women would help to prevent UDT and other associated problems.Keywords: Oxidative stress, Talinum triangulare , testosterone, Undescended testis, Ascorbic acid

The effects of Talinum triangulare on the haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus was investigated. T. triangulare leaf powder at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0% concentrations were fed to Clarias gariepinus juveniles (n=84; 117.3 ± 1.57 g; 26.70 ± 0.26 cm) as feed additive for a period of six (6) weeks. The packed cell volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration values, 34.67 ± 0.67%, 12.03 ± 0.26g/dl, respectively observed in the group fed with 1.0% were significantly higher (P<0.05) compare with the control group. Red blood cell counts (RBCs), white blood cell counts (WBCs), lymphocytes, MCV, MCH and MCHC recorded were marginally different (P>0.05) among the groups, were within standard for Clarias gariepinus, therefore adjudged not to indicate a negative physiological effect on the experimental fish. Blood indices values observed revealed that the varying additive levels of T. triangulare used had no negative physiological stress on the health status of the fish studied and haematological values observed were seen to be best in the group fed 1.0% T. triangulare. It could be recommended that 10g/kg of Talinum triangulare leaf powder be included in the diet of Clarias gariepinus for boosting of the animal blood and treatment of disease conditions such as anaemia.

Talinum triangulare or waterleaf is an underutilized tropical plant, mostly found as weeds, and has been used more as medicinal plant than as vegetable in Indonesia. The study of Talinum triangulare cultivation has been explored to increase the shoot production as functional vegetables. The effects of organic fertilizer applications at 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 of the standard rate on waterleaf growth were tested in a Leuwikopo research station, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Standard rate of organic fertilizer consisted of 12.3 t..ha-1 of cow manure, 226.8 kg. .ha-1 of guano, and 5.5 t.ha-1 of rice hull ash that is equal to 100 kg urea, 60 kg SP-36 and 100 kg KCl.ha-1. Net assimilation rate (NAR) of the organic fertilizer-treated plants was lower than the inorganic fertilizer-treated with plant at two to four weeks after planting (WAP). However, the plants treated with 0.75-1.25 organic fertilizer had a higher NAR than those treated with inorganic fertilizer at four to six WAP. Plants treated with 0.75 rate of organic fertilizer had similar relative growth rate (RGR) to plants treated with the inorganic fertilizer at two to four WAP, whereas plants treated with 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 standard rate had higher RGR than plants treated with inorganic fertilizer at 4-6 WAP. Plants treated with 1.50 organic fertilizer rate had 34.55% more marketable shoots compared to those treated with inorganic fertilizer whereas those treated with 0.50 rate of organic fertilizer had 179.54% at 6 WAP. The percentage of marketable shoots to total fresh weight of the organic fertilizer-treated plants was lower than the inorganic fertilizer-treated plants.Keywords: Talinum triangulare, leafy vegetables, organic

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Variations in the availability of light inside dry forests regulate the vegetative and reproductive development of herbaceous species. Many of these species adjust themselves tolerating the different luminosity conditions, changing their physiological, phenological, anatomical and morphological processes. Thus, we hypothesize that the increase in light availability in dry forests triggers greater vegetative and reproductive growth of herbaceous plants, favoring their survival. In this work we aim to understand the adjustments that occur in the phenological, vegetative morphological and reproductive responses of Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd in different light conditions. Our expectations are that reductions in vegetative growth, and lower production of leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, as well as delays in phenological responses, occur through the reduction of light availability, that is, in greater shading. For this study we selected as a model the geophilic herbaceous Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. The seeds of this species were collected in the caatinga in Caruaru, conducted to the laboratory and applied pre-germinative treatments (chemical scarification and immersion in water) to overcome dormancy. After the germination in the BOD chamber, the seedlings were transplanted to polyethylene bags containing soil from the same place of origin as the seed collection. Transplanted seedlings were placed in greenhouse for 15 days for acclimatization and on the 16th day they were submitted to four treatments of different light availability by shading: T1: full sun (control); T2: 30%; T3: 50% and T4: 70% shading, with 30 replicates per treatment. The plant growth in height, diameter and accumulated number of leaves produced were measured every 6 months. At the end of the experiment, one leaf of each plant per treatment was removed to measure the leaf area. The number of flowers and fruits produced to measure the total production was counted daily. Seeds of 60 fruits were counted per treatment, stipulating the value for the total fruits produced. The ratio fruit / flower (Fr / Fl) and fruits / seeds (Fr / S) was measured in each treatment for the total production. At the end of the experiment, the plants were separated into leaves, stems and roots, dried in greenhouses and weighed to obtain the biomass accumulated in the plants. Our results showed that the plants submitted to the treatment of higher luminosity (T1) presented higher growth in height and diameter, greater accumulation of biomass, besides the greater production of leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. However, there was a lower leaf area in T1 compared to the other shade treatments. There were no differences in vegetative phenological responses, only temporal delays in the reproductive phenophases between treatments. Confirming our expectations, we verified that the greater availability of light favors the growth and reproduction of T. triangulare and consequently the greater shading reduces the growth and prolongs the vegetative phase, delaying the reproductive responses. Thus, we expect the development and establishment of this species to be favored by the increase of direct light intensity in the dry forest soil, whether mediated by changes in the climate or by increasing modification of anthropogenic origin.
Variações na disponibilidade de luz no interior das florestas secas regulam o desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo de espécies herbáceas. Muitas destas espécies se ajustam tolerando as diferentes condições de luminosidade, alterando seus processos fisiológicos, fenológicos, anatômicos e morfológicos. Assim, admitimos a hipótese que o aumento na disponibilidade de luz nas florestas secas desencadeia maior crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo de herbáceas, favorecendo sua sobrevivência. Neste trabalho objetivamos entender os ajustes que ocorrem nas respostas fenológicas, morfológicas vegetativas e na reprodução de Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. em diferentes condições de luminosidade. Nossas expectativas é que reduções no crescimento vegetativo, e menor produção de folhas, flores, frutos e sementes, bem como retardos nas respostas fenológicas, ocorram mediante a redução na disponibilidade de luz, ou seja, em maior sombreamento. Para este estudo selecionamos como modelo a herbácea geófita Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. As sementes desta espécie foram coletadas na caatinga em Caruaru, conduzidas para o laboratório e aplicados tratamentos pré-germinativos (escarificação química e imersão em água) para superação da dormência. Após as germinações em câmara de BOD, as plântulas foram transplantadas para sacos de polietileno, contendo solo do mesmo local de origem da coleta das sementes. As plântulas transplantadas foram colocadas em casa de vegetação por quinze dias para aclimatação e no 16º dia foram submetidas a quatro tratamentos de diferentes disponibilidade de luz pelo sombreamento: T1: pleno sol (controle); T2: 30%; T3: 50% e T4: 70% de sombreamento, com 30 repetições por tratamento. Semanalmente, durante 6 meses, foi mensurado o crescimento das plantas em altura, diâmetro e contabilizado o número acumulado de folhas produzidas. Ao final do experimento, uma folha de cada planta por tratamento foi retirada para mensurar a área foliar. Foi contabilizado diariamente o número de flores e frutos produzidos para aferir o total da produção. Foram contabilizadas sementes de 60 frutos por tratamento, estipulando o valor para o total de frutos produzidos. Foi aferida a razão fruto/flor (Fr/Fl) e frutos/sementes (Fr/S) em cada tratamento para o total da produção. Ao final do experimento, as plantas foram separadas em folhas, caules e raízes, secas em estufa e pesadas para obtenção da biomassa acumulada nas plantas. Nossos resultados mostraram que as plantas submetidas ao tratamento de maior luminosidade (T1) apresentaram maior crescimento em altura e diâmetro, maior acúmulo de biomassa, além da maior produção de folhas, flores, frutos e sementes. Todavia, houve menor área foliar no T1 em comparação aos demais tratamentos de sombreamento. Não houve diferenças nas respostas fenológicas vegetativas, apenas atrasos temporais nas fenofases reprodutivas entre os tratamentos. Confirmando nossas expectativas, verificamos que a maior disponibilidade de luz favorece o crescimento e reprodução de T. triangulare e consequentemente o maior sombreamento reduz o crescimento e prolonga a fase vegetativa, retardando as respostas reprodutivas. Assim, esperamos que o desenvolvimento e estabelecimento desta espécie seja favorecido pelo aumento da intensidade de luz direta no solo das florestas secas, seja este mediado pelas mudanças no clima, como também pela crescente modificação de origem antrópica.

碩士
國立嘉義大學
農藝學系研究所(Graduate Institute of Agronomy)
98
The purpose of this study was to investigate the seed eco-physiology of Talinum triangulare Willd. in Taiwan, The effects of various environment factors on seed germination and antioxidant activities were presented. The seeds were collected from the field neighboring Chiayi City. The seeds could germinate at content temperatures between 25 and 45oC, and the content temperature of optimum germination was at 35oC. As alternate temperatures between 25/20 and 45/40oC were adopted, the alternate temperature of optimum germination was thus at 35/30oC. Compared with constant temperature, alternate temperatures resulted in higher seed germination rates. As during treatments of osmotic potential and salt stress, seed germination rates could be approaching to 50% at the alternate temperature of 35/30 oC. Seed of T. triamgulare Willd. germinated under osmotic potentials between 0 MPa and -0.3 MPa and at salt stress between 0% and 0.8%. At the pH values between 4 and 10, 100% germination was found at the alternate temperature of 35/30 oC. However, the seed’s tolerance to extreme pH values would be decreased by low temperatures. During the irradiation of 18 hours, seeds of T. triamgulare Willd. would begin germination. And, generation rates would be above 90% under the irradiation of 22 hours. Moreover, the germination rate could be 100% as during the irradiation treatments of white and red lights; otherwise, the germination rate would be lower than 100%. Anyway, seeds of T. triamgulare Willd. could not germinate without irradiation. There was germination rate of 100% under aerobic condition and enough irradiation. Partially aerobic and unaerobic conditions would result in non-germination. However, as without irradiation, there would be not germination under aerobic condition. The germination rate of the seeds left on the top of soil was almost 100%. However, the emergence rate was decreased with increase of burial depth. As seeds buried at the depth of 0.6 cm, there was not emergence. In addition, the growth period and season were not significantly correlated with the antioxidant activities of T. triangulare Willd. plants. The maximum contents of total phenols and total flovones were accumulated in leaves, and then leaf tissues more significantly functioned as scavenging radicals of DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl) and chelating ferrous ions than did root tissues.

碩士
大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
103
At present, most anti-cancer drug are less specific, and they may cause many side-effects. Therefore, extracts or compounds from herbal or natural plant have bee good choice for evaluation of anti-caner therap. Talinum triangulare is widely cultivated as a medicinal and food crop in western Africa, Asia, and South America, especially in Nigeria (Liang et al., 2011). But only anti-oxidative activity and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharide or environmental metal contamination index related to Talinum triangulare reported. In this study, we examined whether the water-extracted polysaccharide from Talinum triangulare can immunomodulatory, inflammation and anti-tumor activities. In this study, we conducted anion-exchange chromatography to separate the dialyzed high-molecular weight water-extract of Talanum triangular, which was made by the optimal extracting process mentioned by Chiang (2012). We received 6 fractions (F1~6) with Talanum triangular with polysaccharide with different fraction (TPF). We applied Talanum triangular with polysaccharide with different fraction to induce the production of NO by RAW264.7 macrophage. The NO production from RAW264.7 cell was found to be the highest in F1 (45.24 μM) and the lowest in F2 (3.94 μM). In the anti-tumor study, we analyzed the anti-tumor TPF treated the human colon cancer cell, SW620. And collected the medium of RAW264.7 cells pre-treated with TPF as the conditioned medium, which had indirect inhibitory effect on the growth of SW620 cell. We then analyzed the anti-tumor TPF treated SW620 for 24 and 48 hours and compared survival of the cells. After 24 hours, F6-2 had the lowest survival rate (100.91 %) while F3 had the highest survival rate (119.06 %). After 48 hours, F6-2 showed the best anti-tumor effect with the cell survival rate of 63.45 % while F1 had the highest cell survival rate of 75.89 %. In the groups treated with growth medium from TPF, there was inhibitory effect against SW620 shown after 24 hours. F6-2 showed the highest growth effect with cell survival rate of 93.39%; while F2 showed the lowest (98.92 %). After 48 hours, F1 showed significant inhibitory effect against SW620. The viability was 51.65 %. F3 showed the lowest inhibitory effect with the cell survival rate of 66.67%. We measured the molecular weight of eluents effective for inhibiting SW620, their TNF-α content, components and conducted IR spectroscopy. We found triterpenes and polyphenols in TPF, maybe bonded to polysaccharide together. In inflammatory effect, that F1 fraction to induce the production of NO and TNF-α content have the best performance by RAW264.7 cell, but also pre-treated 48 hours, F1 has the best inhibitory effect. As the results shows, Talanum triangular might be able to trigger inflammatory effect of RAW264.7 and indirectly stimulate the cytokines secreting anti-tumor cells to induce growth of anti-tumor cells.

碩士
大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
100
According to the statistic results showed by Department of Health, cancer has been the first cause of death in the past three decades. At present, most anti-cancer drugs are less specific, and they may cause many side-effects. Therefore, extracts or compounds from herbals or natural plants have been good choice for evaluation of anti-cancer therapy. Some health-improving activities of Talinum triangulare are widely known and spread, but only anti-oxidative activity and hepatoprotective effect of extracted polysaccharides from Talinum triangulare have been reported. In this study, we examined whether the water-extracted polysaccharides (TTP) from Talinum triangulare can promotion of inflammation and have anti-tumor activities. We also try to explore their active polysaccharide ingredients and mechanisms of inflammation. We first used orthogonal array L9 to find the optimal extraction conditions of TTP by heat reflux and ultrasonic extractions, respectively. The optimal heat reflux extraction conditions are 95℃ incubation temperature, 1:20 ratio of material and water, and 150 minutes of incubation time. The optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions are 85℃ incubation temperature, 1:20 ratio of material and water, and 75 minutes of incubation time. Both methods obtain the maximum 3.1% conversion yield. After ethanol precipitation, TTP were re-dissolved in distilled water. TTP was separated into two molecular weight ranges by dialysis. Various amounts of two kinds of TTP were added into media of RAW264.7 macrophages for analyzing their inflammation activities by measuring nitric oxide (NO) productions. We found that TTP with molecular weights larger than 14kDa could induce more NO synthesis than TTP with molecular weights lower than 14kDa. This result suggests that the larger TTP have higher inflammation activity than the smaller one. Because the NO production is one of inflammatory responses that can suppress tumor cell growth, we analyzed the anti-tumor activity of TTP treated RAW264.7 cells. We collected the media of RAW264.7 cells pre-treated with two types of TTP, virespectively. We treated human cervical cancer HeLa and colorectal cancer SW620 cells with these media. We found the media of TTP pre-treated RAW264.7 cells could significant inhibit HeLa and SW620 cells, and the larger TTP has higher inhibition activity than the smaller TTP. However, both types of TTP have no direct anti-tumor activity. Furthermore, we separated and purified seven kinds of polysaccharides from the large TTP by anion-exchange chromatography, and then we analyzed their inflammation and anti-tumor activities, respectively. Results showed that each separated polysaccharides from TTP has less NO induction and lower anti-tumor activities than the original large TTP. These results may account for that the inflammation and anti-tumor activities are not induced by single type of polysaccharide. From our results, we conclude that TTP has anti-tumor activities through regulating the functions of macrophages.

碩士
南台科技大學
生物科技系
97
Talinum triangulare is applied in the preparation of slightly slimy soups and stews to complement the starchy main dish. In Africa, Talinum triangulare is used as a treatment for measles, whereas in Assam (India), it is used to treat diabetes. In Indonesia a tonic is made from the fleshy root. It is now a common product on local markets, but no data on production and trade are available. Thus, we utilize several extracts of Talinum triangulare, and explore the new treatment and specific biomarker of anti-depressant effect in short-term drug caused and long-term high fat diet induced depressive-like mice. Previous reports indicated that depression may lead to the development of cardiovascular disease through its association with the metabolic syndrome. Recent studies confirm that the initial similarities (obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) might extend them to be associated feature of depression; however, it is unclear whether the metabolic syndrome plays a direct role in the expression of depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to establish an association between depression and the metabolic syndrome in a hyperlipidemia animal model. First, the cell viability of Talinum triangulare in C6 cell was estimated in vitro. Continuously, we investigated the anti-depressant effect of water extract of Talinum triangulare (WT) by using Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM), forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Meanwhile, the effects of the insulin resistance of reserpine-induced were assessed in mouse behavioral models for depression. Based on our findings, the strain C57BL/6 mice were used to be a hyperlipidemia animal model. We selected mice treated with water extract of Talinum triangulare for evaluating the effects of anti-depressant and insulin resistance. The extract protein of tested mice-treated measured by western blotting to analyze PPARγ, IRS-1 in liver. We also use RT-PCR to detect the GDNF mRNA expression in C6 cell and the GFAP expression in the prefrontal cortex of mice by using immunohistochemical staining. To the end, we further measured dopamine, serotonin and its metabolites levels in the prefrontal cortex of mice to identify the mechanism of the anti-depressive effect of water extract of Talinum triangulare (WT). The results showed that extract of Talinum triangulare significantly increase the C6 cell viability and protect glial cell from AGEs damage. It was found that Talinum triangulare (100 mg/kg) profoundly decreased the immobile time during the forced swimming test and the tail suspension test. Interestingly, we found that Talinum triangulare (10 μg/ml) had anti-depressive effects through stimulating the expression of GDNF mRNA. Taken together, we believed that Talinum triangulare itself could improve the short-term drug (resperine) caused and long-term high fat diet induced depressive-like mice.