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1
Woo, Hyung-Jin, and Joseph R. Dominick. "Acculturation, Cultivation, and Daytime TV Talk Shows." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 80, no. 1 (2003): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900308000108.
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This study explored the cultivation phenomenon among international college students in the United States by examining the connection between levels of acculturation, daytime TV talk show viewing, and beliefs about social reality. It was expected that international students who were heavy viewers of daytime TV talk shows and who scored low on a measure of acculturation about the United States would hold the most negative perceptions and attitudes concerning U.S. society. Three specific hypotheses were tested. International students who score low on acculturation and watch a great deal of daytime talk shows should (1) overestimate the frequency of certain undesirable behaviors in the United States, (2) have more negative attitudes toward human relationships in the United States, and (3) have more negative perceptions of human relationships in the United States. The first hypothesis received limited support while the second and third received strong support.
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Ernst, Nicole, Frank Esser, Sina Blassnig, and Sven Engesser. "Favorable Opportunity Structures for Populist Communication: Comparing Different Types of Politicians and Issues in Social Media, Television and the Press." International Journal of Press/Politics 24, no. 2 (2018): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161218819430.
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The aim of this study is to explore favorable opportunity structures for populist communication of politicians in Western democracies. We analyze the content and style of 2,517 statements from 103 politicians from six countries (France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States) who differ in their party affiliation (populist versus nonpopulist) and hierarchical position (backbencher vs. frontbencher). To learn more about their media strategies and chances of success, we investigate four communication channels (Facebook, Twitter, talk shows, and news media) that systematically differ in their degree of journalistic intervention and examine fourteen often-raised topics that differ in their suitability for populist mobilization. Our content analysis shows the highest probability of populist communication comes from (1) members of populist parties and (2) backbenchers who address (3) mobilizable issues in (4) social media or newspaper articles. We conclude by explaining why populists have become so successful in getting their messages into newspapers.
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Talisse, Robert B. "RELIGION IN POLITICS: WHAT'S THE PROBLEM?" Think 12, no. 33 (2013): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175612000279.
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A few years ago, I, an American, was giving a talk at a political philosophy conference in the United Kingdom. My topic was religion in democratic politics, and I delivered what I thought was a splendid line of argument supporting the idea that religion has at most a highly constrained role to play in democratic politics. The audience was appreciative enough, but during the question and answer session, there emerged the charge that my paper had addressed a uniquely ‘American’ problem, a problem that was not of general significance to political philosophers outside of the United States. I replied that although the political scene in the contemporary United States provides many high-profile examples of the problem I had been addressing, the general problem of religion in politics confronts democracy as such. I then provided some cases from outside America in which the problem shows itself: the public slaying of Theo Van Gough, the controversy surrounding the publication of cartoon representations of Muhammad in Denmark, the reemergence of religiously-affiliated and reactionary political parties throughout Europe, and so on. Yet for the most part my audience remained unmoved.
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Backer, David I. "The Politics of Recitation: Ideology, Interpellation, and Hegemony." Harvard Educational Review 87, no. 3 (2017): 357–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-87.3.357.
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In this article, David I. Backer introduces the politics of recitation as a third realm for research on recitation pedagogy, in addition to process and product. Recitation is the pattern of classroom talk where a teacher asks a question, a student responds to the question, and the teacher evaluates the response. Research on classroom talk shows that this pattern is the dominant script in classrooms in the United States. Revisiting debates among critical theorists of schooling, particularly around the concept of hegemony, Backer argues that the politics of recitation is best understood in terms of interpellation, the concrete occurrence of ideological reproduction. He also maintains that recitation does not interpellate students into a particular category but instead teaches students to become interpellatable to any social category, independent of historical context. The article opens new possibilities for research into the connection between recitation and ideology and describes what liberatory pedagogy can look like.
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Rosero-Bixby, Luis, and William H. Dow. "Exploring why Costa Rica outperforms the United States in life expectancy: A tale of two inequality gradients." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 5 (2016): 1130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521917112.
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Mortality in the United States is 18% higher than in Costa Rica among adult men and 10% higher among middle-aged women, despite the several times higher income and health expenditures of the United States. This comparison simultaneously shows the potential for substantially lowering mortality in other middle-income countries and highlights the United States’ poor health performance. The United States’ underperformance is strongly linked to its much steeper socioeconomic (SES) gradients in health. Although the highest SES quartile in the United States has better mortality than the highest quartile in Costa Rica, US mortality in its lowest quartile is markedly worse than in Costa Rica’s lowest quartile, providing powerful evidence that the US health inequality patterns are not inevitable. High SES-mortality gradients in the United States are apparent in all broad cause-of-death groups, but Costa Rica’s overall mortality advantage can be explained largely by two causes of death: lung cancer and heart disease. Lung cancer mortality in the United States is four times higher among men and six times higher among women compared with Costa Rica. Mortality by heart disease is 54% and 12% higher in the United States than in Costa Rica for men and women, respectively. SES gradients for heart disease and diabetes mortality are also much steeper in the United States. These patterns may be partly explained by much steeper SES gradients in the United States compared with Costa Rica for behavioral and medical risk factors such as smoking, obesity, lack of health insurance, and uncontrolled dysglycemia and hypertension.
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Doan, Carrie. "‘Subversive stories and hegemonic tales’ of child sexual abuse: from expert legal testimony to television talk shows." International Journal of Law in Context 1, no. 3 (2005): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552305003046.
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This article explores the cultural and legal contexts in which the construction of childhood sexual abuse has taken place over the past three decades in the United States. It also explores a theoretical debate that pits ‘logico-scientific’ accounts of reality against narrative accounts of reality. This debate is of central importance to the study of social and legal responses to childhood sexual abuse, which is categorised in this article as a problem of sexual and domestic violence from a feminist perspective. Some feminists argue that narratives may serve an empowering function in legal and other institutions by giving voice and legitimacy to survivors of sexual and domestic violence. Other feminists argue that narratives of domestic and sexual abuse that fail to identify the social systems of inequality associated with abuse may produce hyper-individualistic and depoliticising accounts of these problems. In this article, the author argues, with Ewick and Silbey, that it is possible to specify the kinds of narratives that contribute to political discourse and confrontation surrounding issues of childhood sexual abuse. The strategic use of social science and expert testimony in criminal and civil court cases, the construction and cultural significance of autobiographical narratives, and the proliferation of narratives in popular media that deal with child sexual abuse are all discussed. It is argued that autobiographical accounts of child sexual abuse, such as those of Dorothy Allison and Maya Angelou, internally illuminate the contexts of inequality which perpetuate abuse and shape the lives of survivors, while discourses in legal institutions and popular media tend to reproduce hegemonic constructions of women, children, and the problem of childhood sexual abuse.
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Kang, Seok, Sherice Gearhart, and Hyuhn-Suhck Bae. "Coverage of Alzheimer’s Disease From 1984 to 2008 in Television News and Information Talk Shows in the United States: An Analysis of News Framing." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 25, no. 8 (2010): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317510387583.
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Campbell, Colin. "Clinton's Encounter with the Separation of Powers: ‘United’ and ‘Divided’ Gridlock." Government and Opposition 36, no. 2 (2001): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00060.
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Soon After The Democratic Candidate For President Of The United States in 2000, Al Gore, conceded defeat to George W. Bush, he engaged in a heated exchange with President Bill Clinton over why he had lost the election. Gore argued that Clinton's sexual escapades, and public qualms about other character issues, notwithstanding strong approval ratings for the job he was doing as president, had contributed significantly to Gore's defeat. Clinton retorted that Gore blew an ideal chance to run on the record of the Clinton administration and fumbled a perfect opportunity to become president. However, the Clinton record proves ambiguous at best. Indeed, the aftertaste has carried strongly over to his first hundred days out of office. The dubious pardons, ‘conversion’ of public property from the White House and rental rates at prime Manhattan locations have grabbed more headlines and provided more grist for talk shows, it often seems, than negative coverage of George W. Bush. Indeed, in terms of negatives, we run the risk of seeing Clinton's first hundred days out of office eclipse Bush's first hundred days in the presidency.
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Sari, Dian Etika, Njimas Panggalih Sukma, Nurul Muthoharoh, and Elen Nurjanah. "Campur Kode Cinta Laura Kiehl dalam Talk Show Just Alvin di Metro TV." MARDIBASA: Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 2, no. 1 (2022): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/jpbsi.2022.2.1.74-88.
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Cinta Laura Kiehl as a woman who is still young, creative, and has different characteristics from the others. The most prominent characteristics of her is the way she speaks or her accent and also the mix of languages she use every day. The language she uses is mixed between Indonesian and English. Because in fact she is an Indonesian national. However, she was born in Germany and spent much of her time abroad, for example, she studied at Colombia University, United States. Therefore, she uses a lot of mixed languages. Mixing code or language is what is studied in the field of sociolinguistics. This study aims to describe the form and causes of code mixing in interviews. This study used a qualitative descriptive design. The data source of this research is Cinta Laura Kiehl of utterances that were interviewed exclusively in Talk Just Alvin on Metro TV on Friday, September 13, 2013. The results of this study, firstly, form of code mixing between Indonesian and English. The two cause of code mixing include role factors, variety factors, speaker factors, and language factors.
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Buranok, S. O. "Theoretical and Methodological Approaches of Studying the Image of China of 1931-1949 in USA Historiography." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-3-317-330.
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The historiography of the problem of researching the image of China in the USA is considered. A comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the historiography of the image of China in 1931-1949 in the United States is proposed through the study of the specifics of the perception by the political elite, the military, the public and the US media of the most important events of the "Chinese crisis". It is noted that this approach allows us to talk about the formation of a special phenomenon of the socio-political life of the United States, the reconstruction and explanation of which are impossible within the framework of the traditional methodology of historical research and require an interdisciplinary approach based on historical imagology. It is shown that the formation of the image of China in 1931-1949 in the historiography of the United States by the American press is represented with several thematic areas: the first - the studies of American assessments of China in general works on the history of international relations before the Second World War and during its course; the second is a study of the history of the formation of American assistance to fighting China; third, analyzing China’s assessment of the United States in the context of the history of colonialism and decolonization; fourth, examining the image of China in the context of a study of public opinion in the United States. It is pointed out that the analysis of historiography indicates that China in the crisis period of history was in the focus of attention of both journalists and the academic community.
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Vasilyeva, Alena L. "Argumentation in the context of mediation activity." Journal of Argumentation in Context 1, no. 2 (2012): 209–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jaic.1.2.04vas.
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This study examines 18 transcripts from audio recordings of mediation sessions at a mediation center in the western United States to explore argumentation in the context of mediation activity. The mediation sessions involve divorced or divorcing couples attempting to create or repair a plan for child custody arrangements. The study takes a conversational argument approach and investigates what is the relationship between interaction and reasoning, how disagreement is managed, and how the mediator’s contributions construct an institutionally preferred form of interactivity. The analysis shows that the mediation activity is accomplished through various dialogue activities. The article makes two claims. Firstly, argument and reasoning are constituted through interaction that imposes various constraints on what contributions are appropriate in mediation talk. Secondly, dialogue activities that mediators initiate can be considered as strategic moves that they make to achieve the institutional goal of the meeting.
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Nistiti, Nurul Ulfa, Slamet Setiawan, and Ahmad Munir. "Maintaining Argument In Talk Show Interaction: A Pragma-Stylistic Inclination of Michelle Obama In Oprah Interview." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 7, no. 4 (2022): 4650. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v7i4.6807.
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This research was taken from online media in the form of a Michelle Obama interview with Oprah Winfrey. First is Oprah's 2020 vision tour talk show. The talk show led by Oprah Winfrey tends to be more serious when discussing something that also affects the style of the conversations. Second, Oprah Winfrey Hold a Conversation on the United States of Women Summit by the white house. . The method used is descriptive qualitative by analyzing several utterances in Michelle utterances. This research accompaniment three research questions by analyzing the Pragmatic feature in Michelle Obama and the stylistic feature in Michelle Obama. Then the common patterns of Michelle Obama's arguments in her interviews. The results showed that Michelle maintains her argument through a pragmatic feature with adjacency pairs consisting of Q and A, Acceptance, Recognition, Agreement, and Approval. From a stylistic perspective, Oprah uses Hyperbole, Simile, Personification, Anaphora, and Parallelism. After the research compared both Michelle's interviews on Oprah's show, Michelle often uses the Agreement pattern and some of the figures of speech. During the research, researchers found the main idea of maintaining her argument. From maintaining that argument, the researcher also found three important points from Michelle's two interviews with her audience: Maintaining dignity, the importance of focusing on yourself, keep dreaming.
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Nistiti, Nurul Ulfa, Slamet Setiawan, and Ahmad Munir. "Maintaining Argument In Talk Show Interaction: A Pragma-Stylistic Inclination of Michelle Obama In Oprah Interview." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 7, no. 4 (2022): 4650. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v7i4.6807.
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This research was taken from online media in the form of a Michelle Obama interview with Oprah Winfrey. First is Oprah's 2020 vision tour talk show. The talk show led by Oprah Winfrey tends to be more serious when discussing something that also affects the style of the conversations. Second, Oprah Winfrey Hold a Conversation on the United States of Women Summit by the white house. . The method used is descriptive qualitative by analyzing several utterances in Michelle utterances. This research accompaniment three research questions by analyzing the Pragmatic feature in Michelle Obama and the stylistic feature in Michelle Obama. Then the common patterns of Michelle Obama's arguments in her interviews. The results showed that Michelle maintains her argument through a pragmatic feature with adjacency pairs consisting of Q and A, Acceptance, Recognition, Agreement, and Approval. From a stylistic perspective, Oprah uses Hyperbole, Simile, Personification, Anaphora, and Parallelism. After the research compared both Michelle's interviews on Oprah's show, Michelle often uses the Agreement pattern and some of the figures of speech. During the research, researchers found the main idea of maintaining her argument. From maintaining that argument, the researcher also found three important points from Michelle's two interviews with her audience: Maintaining dignity, the importance of focusing on yourself, keep dreaming.
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Bennett, Stephen Earl, Bonnie Fisher, and David Resnick. "Political Conversations in the United States: Who Talks to Whom, Why, and Why Not." American Review of Politics 16 (November 1, 1995): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1995.16.0.277-298.
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Although normative political theorists have argued that citizens talking with other citizens about public affairs is essential in a democracy, empirically oriented political scientists have tended to ignore political discussions. This paper draws on National Election Studies and General Social Surveys to plumb the extent and breadth of political conversations in the U.S. We also explore who talks about public affairs, with whom they speak, and why some people avoid discussing politics. A logit analysis of pooled National Election Studies from 1984 to 1992 shows that some factors typically thought to affect taking part in politics are not significant predictors of the probability that people will engage in political discussions, but other variables not normally included in participation models do affect talking about politics.
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Yengibaryan, R. V. "Legal cooperation between Russia and the USA: historical roots of modern problems." Journal of Law and Administration 15, no. 2 (2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2019-2-51-3-11.
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Introduction. Relations between Russia and the United States have nearly three centuries of history, and for more than two hundred years the countries had diplomatic relations which were interrupted for sixteen years from 1917 to 1933. Perhaps the XIX century was the most peaceful and fruitful for our countries when the interests of the Russian Empire and the United States on the world stage did not contradict each other, often coincided, thus excluding confrontation between the two nation-states. The XIX century for Russia and the United States was marked by the singing of a number of bilateral treaties, including the treaty on the extradition of criminals, which consolidated their partnership.On the contrary, the XX century is marked by unstable and cyclical relations between the two countries. The rejection of Soviet power, the long period of non-recognition of the Soviet Union was followed in 1933 by mutual multifaceted cooperation between the USSR and the United States, which included the legal sphere, and by the allied relations during the Second World War. The second half of the twentieth century was the time of open confrontation between the two world giants, when the crisis of relations between the USSR and the United States put the world on the brink of world war III. In such conditions, there could be no talk of improving the legal framework of legal cooperation, and the agreement on the procedure for execution of court orders concluded in 1935 did not find its practical application.Modern Russia has assumed the entire burden of problems and contradictions in legal cooperation with the United States. Searching for ways out of them is possible only on the basis of historical analysis of their prerequisites, taking into account the peculiarities of modern international relations.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition of phenomena in the relationship and mutual conditionality using a set of general and particular scientific methods of cognition of reality. The historical method contributed to the restoration of the chronological sequence of legal cooperation between Russia (USSR) and the United States. The method of actualization made it possible to identify the historical factors that determined the peculiarities of international cooperation in the legal sphere. The method of diachronization made it possible to identify certain successive stages in the development of international legal cooperation between Russia (USSR) and the United States, to compare them, to identify patterns of development.Results. In the framework of the study, the author found that inter-state legal cooperation is an integral part of the foreign policy of states. The international legal basis of cooperation between Russia and the United States in civil, family and criminal cases was created in a different historical era, does not meet modern international relations, and is poorly implemented by the justice authorities of the two States.There is no treaty on legal assistance in civil and family matters that is fundamental to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens of both States, and there are no provisions on extradition in the Treaty on legal assistance in criminal matters.Discussion and Conclusions. The international legal framework of cooperation between the Russian Federation (and earlier - the Soviet Union) and the United States of America in the legal sphere; the problems of implementation of international legal assistance in civil, family and criminal cases are researched. The main provisions of the Treaty on mutual legal assistance in criminal cases of 2000; multilateral Conventions on the service abroad of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial cases of 1965 are analyzed. The 1958 Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, the 1935 Agreement “On the procedure for the execution of court orders between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America” were explored. The prospects for the development of legal cooperation between Russia and the United States are shown.
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Lebedeva, L. F. "US AND OTHERCOUNTRIES APPROACHES TO A GLOBAL MINIMUM TAX RATE." International Trade and Trade Policy 8, no. 1 (2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2022-1-27-35.
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The idea of a global minimum tax rate, pointing at the tax competition between countries, has been discussed a lot during the talks led by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, European Commission, G 20, G 7. The paper focuses mainly on the international tax agenda, comparisons of corporate income tax rates, the approaches to a global minimum tax rate, the United States proposal and how tax policy could be adapted to meet challenges of minimizing global taxation of capital. Despite some common trends, there have been serious differences across countries regarding corporate income tax rates – nominal, average and effective which shows the percentage of income from a marginal investment that is to be paid in taxes. OECD’s database shows that corporate income tax rates vary greatly across countries, and the last year’s trend showed a number of countries announcing tax increase, which were both on temporary basis and permanent one. As to the United States proposal authors, establishing a global minimum tax would make it possible for the country to be competitive in the tax field even after proposed tax increase. The United States proposal before G 7 summit was supported by its members. At the same time negotiations on the new tax challenges from digitalisation with participation of different jurisdictions are going on.
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С.О., Буранок,. "«Russian Pearl Harbor» and US Foreign Policy Discourse." Диалог со временем, no. 81(81) (December 24, 2022): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.81.81.014.
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Тема исследования направлена на изучение средств, методов и приёмов актуализации метафоры «Русский Пёрл Харбор» во внешнеполитическом дискурсе США. Анализ эволюции метафоры в СМИ США в XXI в. позволяет говорить о формировании особого феномена общественно-политической жизни США, реконструкция и объяснение которого невозможны в рамках традиционной методологии исторического исследования, а требует междисциплинарного подхода на основе исторической имагологии. Метафора «Пёрл-Харбор» использовалась в каждом внешнеполитическом кризисе, в каждой новой угрозе, при каждом обострении международной ситуации. The research topic is aimed at studying the means, methods and techniques of updating the metaphor «Russian Pearl Harbor» in the US foreign policy discourse. Analysis of the evolution of metaphor in the US media in the XXI century. allows us to talk about the formation of a special phenomenon of the socio-political life of the United States, the reconstruction and explanation of which is not possible within the framework of the traditional methodology of historical research, but requires an interdisciplinary approach based on historical imagology. The importance and significance of this metaphor is shown by the fact that in every foreign policy crisis, in every new threat, in every aggravation of the international situation, the metaphor «Pearl Harbor» was used in the United States.
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Ker-Lindsay, James, and Spyros Economides. "Forging EU Foreign Policy Unity from Diversity: The ‘Unique Case’ of the Kosovo Status Talks." European Foreign Affairs Review 15, Issue 4 (2010): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2010036.
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This article explores the way in which the European Union (EU) attempted to forge a united position on the question of Kosovo over the course of the latter stages of the status process, which ran from late 2005 until the end of 2007. Following an overview of the development of EU foreign policy decision-making processes, the work analyses how these were applied in the case of Kosovo. It shows that while significant efforts were made to reach a united position on the question of recognition, these efforts eventually proved to be unsuccessful. The EU Member States ultimately agreed to the establishment of a law and order mission for Kosovo. To some, this was a success, but it cannot disguise the fact that procedural changes in the EU’s foreign policy decision-making do not cover up for diverging Member State interests and that the EU was unable to take charge of what was essentially a European issue.
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Vito, Christopher. "Shop talk: The influence of hip hop on Filipino‐American barbers in San Diego." Global Hip Hop Studies 1, no. 1 (2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ghhs_00002_1.
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Barber culture frequently intersects with hip hop. Barbershops often incorporate rap music, street wear apparel and popular culture into their daily environment. In tandem, an important part of hip hop culture is the haircuts and designs that people choose to get. Many Filipino-Americans across the United States utilize barber and hip hop culture to help create their own unique sense of identity ‐ a sense of identity forged in the fires of diaspora and postcolonial oppression. In this first instalment of the GHHS ‘Show and Prove’ section ‐ short essays on hip hop visual culture, arts and images ‐ I illustrate the ways in which Filipino-Americans in San Diego use barber shops both as a means of entrepreneurialism and as a conduit to create a cultural identity that incorporates hip hop with their own histories of migration and marginalization. I interview Filipino-American entrepreneur Marc Canonizado, who opened his first San Diego-based business, Goodfellas Barbershop Shave Parlor, in 2014. We explore the complex linkages between barbershops, Filipino-Americans and hip hop culture, as well as discuss his life story and plans for the future.
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Brescoll, Victoria L. "Who Takes the Floor and Why." Administrative Science Quarterly 56, no. 4 (2011): 622–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839212439994.
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Although past research has noted the importance of both power and gender for understanding volubility—the total amount of time spent talking—in organizations, to date, identifying the unique contributions of power and gender to volubility has been somewhat elusive. Using both naturalistic data sets and experiments, the present studies indicate that while power has a strong, positive effect on volubility for men, no such effect exists for women. Study 1 uses archival data to examine the relationship between the relative power of United States senators and their talking behavior on the Senate floor. Results indicate a strong positive relationship between power and volubility for male senators, but a non-significant relationship for female senators. Study 2 replicates this effect in an experimental setting by priming the concept of power and shows that though men primed with power talk more, women show no effect of power on volubility. Mediation analyses indicate that this difference is explained by women’s concern that being highly voluble will result in negative consequences (i.e., backlash). Study 3 shows that powerful women are in fact correct in assuming that they will incur backlash as a result of talking more than others—an effect that is observed among both male and female perceivers. Implications for the literatures on volubility, power, and previous studies of backlash are discussed.
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MERVIN, DAVID. "Presidents, Precedents and the Use of Military Force." Journal of American Studies 32, no. 3 (1998): 483–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875898005957.
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In the late summer of 1996 Iraqi troops moved into the Kurdish “safe haven” in Northern Iraq, thereby triggering a crisis of national security for the United States. Unsurprisingly, this incident led to speculation in the media about the nature of President Clinton's response. Would he be able to meet this test of his leadership? What form would any military action take? Would it be strong enough, or would it be an overreaction? In the event, the president ordered two cruise missile strikes against Iraqi defence installations and substantially extended the no-fly zone in Southern Iraq set up after the Gulf War. These actions were the subject of debate in the United States Senate and, after some partisan wrangling, and a few rumbles of complaint about inadequate consultation, a non-binding resolution endorsing the missile strikes was approved by a vote of 96–1. But, as was noted by the press, “none of this really mattered because such ‘sense of the Senate’ resolutions have no binding effect and are largely ignored, even inside the Beltway.”What was striking about this incident was that throughout the crisis the United States Congress was little more than a bystander. Inevitably all eyes turned to the president. It was he and not the national legislature that became the focus of public and media attention. Does he have the mettle needed? What will he do, and will his actions be sufficient to deal with the situation? These were the sort of questions being debated on the talk shows and in the press. To put it bluntly, at this moment, there was little interest in what the legislature might say or do, the mighty Congress, at this point at least, was reduced to a role comparable, dare it be said, to that of the British House of Commons. The situation called for leadership and decisive action and no one was under any illusion that the legislature could provide either, only the president was in a position to meet these needs. When it comes to the making of foreign policy, and particularly when crises of national security arise, the president, it seems, is inevitably, the main player, the senior partner.
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Anderson, R. L. "Cultural Systems Can Reduce Reproductive Potential of Winter Annual Grasses." Weed Technology 11, no. 3 (1997): 608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00045504.
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Feral rye and jointed goatgrass are winter annual grasses that infest winter wheat in the western United States. Currently, no herbicides are available that selectively control these weeds in wheat. Because of this constraint, producers need cultural practices that reduce the seed densities of these two grasses in the soil seedbank. This research shows that applying nitrogen 5 mo before wheat planting and increasing the seeding rate with a tall wheat cultivar reduces seed production per plant of either species by > 40%. However, tall wheat cultivars usually yield less grain than semidwarf cultivars. Producers can avoid this yield loss by combining narrow rows with time of N application and increased seeding rate of semidwarf cultivars. This combination reduces weed seed production similarly to cultural systems with tall cultivars.
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Sullivan, J. Nicky, Jennifer L. Eberhardt, and Steven O. Roberts. "Conversations about race in Black and White US families: Before and after George Floyd’s death." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 38 (2021): e2106366118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106366118.
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Research has shown that Black parents are more likely than White parents to have conversations about race with their children, but few studies have directly compared the frequency and content of these conversations and how they change in response to national events. Here we examine such conversations in the United States before and after the killing of George Floyd. Black parents had conversations more often than White parents, and they had more frequent conversations post-Floyd. White parents remained mostly unchanged and, if anything, were less likely to talk about being White and more likely to send colorblind messages. Black parents were also more worried than White parents—both that their children would experience racial bias and that their children would perpetrate racial bias, a finding that held both pre- and post-Floyd. Thus, even in the midst of a national moment on race, White parents remained relatively silent and unconcerned about the topic.
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Gerber, James, Francisco Lara-Valencia, and Carlos de la Parra. "Re-Imagining the U.S.-Mexico Border: Policies toward a More Competitive and Sustainable Transborder Region." Global Economy Journal 10, no. 4 (2010): 1850212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1681.
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The U.S.-Mexico border region has two important but often overlooked characteristics. First, it is the physical place of most of the integration between the United States and Mexico, including market driven integration such as trade flows, migration, and investment as well as policy driven integration such as security cooperation, infrastructure development, and emergency response. Second, the border region has a growing transnational population that lives, works, goes to school, and participates in family and social networks on both sides of the border. Recent U.S. policy has hardened the border in response to concerns about terrorism, drug and human trafficking, undocumented migration, and arms smuggling. The consequences of these policies include disruption of the on-going economic integration, large external costs imposed on the growing transnational population, and barriers to progress on a number of issues of national importance, including dispute resolution, migration, and environmental management, among others. The paper identifies and discusses the advantages of the three different definitions of the border in current usage: counties and municipios that touch the border; the 100 kilometer boundary first set by the La Paz Agreement and later amended to 300 kilometers in Mexico and 100 in the U.S.; and the ten states that are along the border. The hardening of the border is partly the result of a lack of border institutions and the inability of border residents to speak in a common voice when they talk to their capitals. This is changing, however, as new institutions such as the Border Governors Conference take on a more active role in promoting the interests of border states and border regions. An examination of a recent Delphi survey of border decision-makers shows a high degree of cross border agreement on the goals and needs of the region in key areas such as competitiveness, security, and sustainability.
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Buggs, Shantel Gabrieal. "Dating in the Time of #BlackLivesMatter: Exploring Mixed-race Women’s Discourses of Race and Racism." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3, no. 4 (2017): 538–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649217702658.
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The author explores the discourses and logics that self-identified multiracial and multiethnic female online daters use to explain their own responses to social justice movements around race and racism in the United States. These women mobilize stances on the social movement Black Lives Matter (BLM) as a metric of racial progressiveness, articulating their own political views on race. Furthermore, mixed-black women in particular describe using attitudes toward the BLM movement as a way to vet potential dating partners. The implementation of BLM as a tool in the contemporary dating “toolkit” suggests that the language around, and produced by, social movements (in terms of mainstream media coverage) influences the ways in which some women discuss race, gender, and racism. Using interview data from 30 in-depth interviews, the author shows how mixed-race women navigate racial politics on an interpersonal level during a time when U.S. media and popular culture is focused on issues of racism and state-sanctioned violence. The use of BLM as a rhetorical frame demonstrates how far the logics of colorblindness and antiblackness extend into everyday life and serves as a signifier of where individuals stand on significant social issues. By analyzing the ways multiracial women talk about dating, the author provides a greater understanding of the shifting meanings of race, racism, and the “postracial” in contemporary American society.
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Sundaramoorthy, K. "Racism And Homosexuality: A Scrutiny Of James Baldwin’s Select Novels." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 24, no. 03 (2022): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/22/0235.
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James Baldwin was a novelist and social critic from the United States of America. He was an illegitimate black child. With his works, however, he became a well-known writer in bisexual and LGBT African American literature. Go Tell It on the Mountain, Another Country, Giovanni’s Room, Tell Me How Long the Train Been Gone, Just Above My Head, and If Beale Street Could Talk are among Baldwin’s best-known works. This research article aims to demonstrate how homosexuality is shown in James Baldwin’s works. In the first novel, Baldwin carefully investigated and camouflaged the homosexual issue through John, who was searching for his identity, whereas homosexuality was clearly presented in Giovanni’s Room. Because of the success of Giovanni’s Room as a gay and white novel, Baldwin decided to make homosexuality the central focus of his succeeding works. As a result, Baldwin paved the way for the next generation of homosexual authors to research and discusses LGBT themes in his writings. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ISSN: 1007-6735 Volume
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Kleifgen, Jo Anne, and Trang Thi Huynh Le. "Vietnamese immigrants’ shifting patterns of status display at work." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 17, no. 2 (2007): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.17.2.07kle.
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This study compared language choices made by Vietnamese speakers in a circuit-board manufacturing company in California with utterances constructed for similar situations by Vietnamese speakers in Hanoi, Vietnam. Particular attention was paid to how both groups of speakers signaled social relationships during talk at work, primarily through their selection or omission of Vietnamese address forms and other honorific markers. The California supervisor and assistant, during high-pressure problem-solving events, bypassed the use of kinship terms and, instead, chose non-honorific terms and other markers of informality, thus invoking a normative frame of teamwork and open debate about courses of action that pervade the contemporary American workplace. Excerpts of videotaped interactions between these California workers were shown to the Hanoi participants, after which they were asked to imagine a context in Hanoi similar to the one that they observed. Their constructed utterances were found to contain a variety of address forms — mostly personal names and kinship terms — along with other honorific and politeness forms. The Hanoi participants tended to incorporate these forms even within the economy of talk found in high-pressure moments. In including these forms, they highlighted the hierarchical relationship between the interlocutors as elder and younger, superior and subordinate. Their inclusion of these expressions reflects a cultural norm: the salience of maintaining interpersonal relationships in the workplace, which are managed elegantly through the Vietnamese person-reference system. The findings in this study suggest evidence of a shift in the norms of language use by Vietnamese immigrants living and working in the United States.
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Moses, Lindsey, and Laura Beth Kelly. "‘We’re a little loud. That’s because we like to read!’: Developing positive views of reading in a diverse, urban first grade." Journal of Early Childhood Literacy 18, no. 3 (2016): 307–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468798416662513.
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In this formative experiment, we examined interventions in and modifications to literacy instruction in a first-grade classroom with the aim of cultivating a love of reading among the students. Consistent with the design of formative experiments, the teacher established a pedagogical goal of building a love of reading, and throughout the year reflective modifications were made during the literacy block to encourage this love among the students. The participants were part of a diverse urban first-grade class of 28 students in the Southwest United States. The initial intervention included making a broad array of texts accessible to students and frequently discussing the teacher’s and students’ enjoyment of reading. Modifications throughout the year included establishing literary discussion groups, purchasing accessible text sets including many non-fiction books, author studies based on students’ most frequently checked-out books, book spotlights presented by students and a book exchange party proposed by the students. The findings demonstrate that students did in fact develop a positive view of reading as shown through positive talk about books, establishing favourite authors and genres, resisting the end of reading time, choosing to read over other activities and making reading a part of their social interactions.
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LI, XIAOJUN. "The Durability of China’s Lawmaking Process under Xi Jinping: A Tale of Two Foreign Investment Laws." Issues & Studies 57, no. 01 (2021): 2150001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251121500016.
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On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress passed a long-anticipated Foreign Investment Law (FIL) after a short deliberation period of only three months. This expedited legislative process seems unusual, considering that the original draft of the FIL proposed by the Ministry of Commerce in January 2015 was tabled indefinitely after a brief period of public consultation. How can we explain this stark difference? Comparing the legislative processes and contents of the two laws, this paper shows that, as with many previous laws, bureaucratic politics likely contributed to an impasse in the 2015 draft, whereas external shocks—in this case, the escalating trade war between China and the United States—helped accelerate the deliberation process and the passage of the new FIL. These two cases demonstrate the durability of lawmaking institutions and procedures under Xi Jinping despite the recentralization of power in the executive after changes to the constitution.
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Keenan, Harper B. "Selective Memory: California Mission History and the Problem of Historical Violence in Elementary School Textbooks." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 121, no. 8 (2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811912100805.
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Background/Context Across the nation, people living in the United States are embroiled in conflict over the meaning of its past. Many of the most fervent conflicts relate to acts of historical violence: war, enslavement, conquest, and colonization among them. Elementary school students commonly study the early colonization of the land now known as the United States, the nation's Revolutionary and Civil Wars, and other periods of history that historians describe as rife with violence. In the field of California colonial history, there is virtual consensus among historians that the Spanish mission system was a period of violence and devastation, most especially for California Indians, but school history curricula have been criticized for avoiding this history of violence. This raises questions about the role of intellectual honesty in teaching elementary-aged students about U.S. history. Though a small body of scholarship engages with questions of whether and how to talk with young children about human atrocity, few studies have empirically examined what state-recommended elementary school curriculum actually say about historical violence in the formation of the United States. Research Questions/Focus of Study This study examines the representation of violence in state-recommended elementary school history textbooks on the topic of the Spanish colonization of California. Specifically, the study responds to the following questions: How do the textbooks’ content address the topic of violence? Are California Indian and Spanish acts of violence represented differently? If so, how? Research Design Data were derived from a content analysis of fourth grade-level history textbooks recommended by the California State Department of Education in public use at the time of the study. Data Collection and Analysis Using qualitative coding software, chapters on California colonial mission history in each of the four state-recommended textbooks were coded and analyzed at the level of the sentence (n = 1,601). Coding and analysis took place in two stages. First, each sentence was coded for references to violence and ethnic group(s), which allowed for analysis of the number of references to acts of violence and ethnic groups throughout the entirety of the text. The second stage more closely examined the set of sentences that referred specifically to violence, allowing for comparison of the representation of violence according to the ethnic group with which it was associated. Findings/Results The study shows that violence is only minimally addressed in California fourth-grade history textbook content on the topic of Spanish colonization. Although generally underrepresented throughout the text, California Indian people are disproportionately over-represented as perpetrators of violence in the early colonization of California, a framing that is drastically out of alignment with the historical record as it is agreed upon by historians. Conclusions/Recommendations This study makes two key conclusions. First, the article argues that, in this case, elementary school history curriculum presents a distorted vision of violence in the colonial past. Second, the article complicates the issue of when young children are old enough to learn about violent histories in school by revealing that they are already learning about violence in the past, although such representation is both minimal and problematic. The article concludes by recommending the design of learning activities that engage in preparatory version of a more intellectually honest investigation of the historical record, as well as its relationship to the present.
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Belskaya, Evgenia V. "“And Here We are in the Fairyland” of Children’s Literature: The Case of the French Version of Internatsionalnaya Literatura” (1934)." Studia Litterarum 6, no. 4 (2021): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2021-6-4-164-179.
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This article focuses on the issue of La Littérature Internationale, a French version of the multilingual Soviet journal Internatsionalnaya Literatura, which embodied one of the declarations of the First Congress of the Soviet writers on the key role of didacticism in the new literature. The second issue of La Littérature Internationale in 1934 contained a selection of works about children by authors from the USSR, France, United States, and Germany. The aim of this article is to analyze this selection of texts and to determine its function in the literary journal for adults. The author shows the connection of the plot schemes in the selection with the preceding folklore and literary tradition (a folk fairytale and literary Christmas tale, Victorian educational novel, romantic heroic novel). The classic storyline of these works allows us to introduce new themes and plots: re-education and correction, the story of working at the factory and at the mine, shown through the eyes of children as well as the resistance to Hitler’s regime in Germany. The conclusion shows that in this issue, the children’s selection forms a socialist realist model of world literature of a kind. Together with the stories for adults, it sets a pattern for the new universal literature whose plot schemes reflect the main trends in the literature of socialist realism and the anti-fascist literature of the 1930s–1940s.
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SMIRNOV, Ivan V. "THE ELABORATION OF THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY AS THE REACTION TO THE DEEPENING SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN THE U.S. IN THE LATE XIX CENTURY." Historical and social-educational ideas 11, no. 2 (2019): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2019-11-2-134-146.
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Introduction.The subject of this article is the development of the concept of economic democracy in the United States at the end of the XIX century. At that time, there were strong structural shifts in the American economy – small entrepreneurs collapsed, and at the same time giant corporations and trusts arose that began to dominate the country’s economic life. For many contemporaries, this was unacceptable, since the majority of ordinary Americans believed in the principle of equal opportunities, to open their own business and not to depend on other people and on the state, and the existence of monopolies precluded the penetration of other competitors into their sphere. That is why at this time some intellectuals began to talk about the fact that democracy and equality are necessary not only in the political, but also in the economic sphere. To achieve this goal, they offered various means: from regulating the activities of large companies to nationalizing entire sectors of the economy.Methods.In this article the author used the methodology of intellectual history, which, when studying a particular ideology or concept, involves identifying its origins, analyzing its development in the space-time continuum and the final result.Results.This work is the first study in the domestic literature in which, based on a wide range of sources, the reasons for the negative perception of the social consequences of the formation of large companies in the economy are shown, the main features of the concept of economic democracy are revealed as a response to the deepening social inequality in American society.Conclusions.The author came to the conclusion that for the first time the ideologists of farmers’ protest movements began talking about a democratic reorganization of economic life in the United States. The main goal of all agrarian movements was to transform America into a society of small independent producers and landowners who have the same rights, equal property status and economic opportunities.
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Newby, Kara, and Brittany Branyon. "Pivoting Services: Resilience in the Face of Disruptions in Nonprofit Organizations Caused by COVID-19." Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 7, no. 3 (2021): 443–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.7.3.443-460.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global event that has sent shockwaves through every aspect of the economy. The nonprofit sector has been dealt a double hit—relying on donations in a time of economic hardship while being on the frontlines of the response to increased need. Previous studies have shown that COVID-19 has impacted nonprofits in numerous ways; however, the majority of studies have focused on the financial impact. Using a resilience framework, this study adds to the literature by analyzing how nonprofits have dealt with the loss of services, what it has looked like to pivot and adapt to this new environment, and what impact the loss of volunteers has had on organizations. In this qualitative study of 12 nonprofits in the Southeast United States, we find that while the organizations do talk about financial strain, equally as stressful has been the loss of face-to-face services. Nonprofits are used to being on the frontlines of most emergencies, and in this pandemic, many have struggled to keep their workers safe by following health guidelines while also serving their clients. The inability to meet with clients and the stress of pivoting to an online environment is as great or greater of a burden as the financial impact.
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Owoyemi, Musa Yusuf. "Strongman Rule and Democracy: Translating the Success of Professional Bodies into Democratic Reform in Africa." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 7, no. 3 (2022): e001364. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i3.1364.
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This paper looks at the rise of strongman rule around the world and in Africa in particular and shows how this is affecting democracy and democratic institutions. The paper explains the implication of strongman rule on democracy by showcasing its rise in different parts of the world in the contemporary time exacerbated by the tenure of the former president of the United States, Donald Trump. Using the qualitative method of text analysis, it examines what has been said by leaders of goodwill and scholars on the need to protect democracy from the onslaught of strongman rule. It talks about the takeover of the democratic space and digital media space by agents of the strongmen and advocated for a quick response in order to save democracy and democratic institutions. Finally, it calls for the adoption of the ethical practices of professional bodies in Africa in reforming democracy in the continent.
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Kuznetsov, Alexei. "RUSSIAN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN COUNTRIES OF LATIN AMERICA." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 3 (2022): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.03.11.
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The article analyzes Russian direct investments in Latin America, their scale and structure. The study is based both on official statistics on foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks and on information about the investments of Russian MNEs in Latin American countries published on company websites and in the media (including trans-shipping FDI). It is shown that Latin America has attracted insignificant Russian FDI so far, and it looks modest even against the background of Africa which is also poorly developed by Russian MNEs in the Global South. Moreover, in Africa there are at least bridgeheads for further Russian investment expansion. There are several negative factors: the remoteness of Latin America from Russia, language barriers, the lack of sufficient awareness of potential investors about business development opportunities in the region and the general backlog accumulated over the past periods from Western and local investors-competitors in business activity in Latin America. Moreover, individual significant projects of Russian direct investors are still to a small extent related to the structure of commodity exports from Russia to various Latin American states. In 2022 conditions for new Russian direct investments in most countries of the region have not improved at all due to sanctions pressure on Russia from the United States and EU countries, traditionally dominant among investors in Latin America (along with mutual flows of FDI made by their own Latin American MNEs). At the same time, the article emphasizes that without the entry of Russian MNEs into the number of major players, at least in most countries of the region, it is impossible to talk about a full-fledged economic turn of the Russian Federation to the global South.
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Uroshleva, Aleksandra. "Evolutionary approach in reasoning practice of constitutional justice." Sravnitel noe konstitucionnoe obozrenie 29, no. 6 (2020): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21128/1812-7126-2020-6-115-140.
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The author examines the essence and characteristic features of the evolutionary interpretation in constitutional review bodies decisions and concludes given the relationship between processes of argumentation and interpretation, as well as definite characteristics and trends in the application of the evolutionary interpretation in different countries, that it is more appropriate to talk about the evolutionary approach in argumentation, not about a separate method of interpretation. An evolutionary constitutional interpretation, as it is stated in the article, does not necessarily mean going beyond the literal text of the basic law. A literal (textual) interpretation and an evolutionary approach are combined phenomena of different nature; they are allocated based on various criteria – the source (orientation on the text) and the socially adaptive result, respectively. The value of the evolutionary approach is associated with the possibility of “adjusting” constitutional norms to real social canvas without making changes to the text of a constitution. The author shows using the case law examples that an evolutionary interpretation can be expansive, that is aimed at increasing the scope of constitutional regulation (“filling” constitutional norms with “new” (additional) content, picking out new human rights, increasing their level of protection), and restrictive, that is narrowing the scope regulated and (or) protected by a constitution (reducing level of human rights guarantees or subject area of constitutional regulation). Considering through the prism of specific constitutional justice cases such doctrines as of a “living constitution” in the United States of America, a “living tree” in Canada and the concept of “judicial law development” in Germany, the author comes to the conclusion that an independent concept of the evolutionary approach in legal reasoning has not been formed yet in the Russian practice of constitutional justice. In this regard, it seems to be perspective direction to develop such a concept, especially in the context of a possibility of combining the evolutionary approach with original interpretation. It seems that despite the fact that the problem of judicial activism is not now a problem of current urgent interest in Russia, the constitutional amendments of 2020 have actualized the potential for an evolutionary interpretation of certain constitutional provisions.
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Albuquerque, Felipe Leal. "Climate Politics and the Crisis of the Liberal International Order." Contexto Internacional 43, no. 2 (2021): 259–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2019430200002.
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Abstract The election of Donald Trump brought disarray to the climate change regime. The changes in what was up to then a promoter of the liberal international order (LIO) exacerbated existing tensions while creating new ones. This paper investigates how that challenge impacted the behaviours of Brazil, China and the European Union (EU) by comparatively analysing their dissimilar positions with respect to three indicators before and after Trump’s coming into power. These indicators are individual pledges and climate-related policies; approaches to climate finance; and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC). The analysis first shows how the US started eroding the broader LIO and the climate change regime to then delve into the behaviours of the three respective key players concerning climate talks. I sustain that the EU, despite its inner divisions, is already counteracting Washington, whereas China is combining a pro-status quo position based on a rhetorical condemnation of the United States. Brazil, in turn, had a transition towards a climate-sceptic government, shifting from being a cooperative actor to abdicating hosting the COP25.
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Heidingsfelder, Markus, and Arqam Khan. "‘Precolonial Studies’: Emily Erikson on the English East India Company, the Advantages of Network Theory and the Rise of Populism in Contemporary United States." Society and Culture in South Asia 4, no. 1 (2017): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2393861717730631.
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This interview with network theorist Emily Erikson took place in March 2017 when she visited Habib University in Karachi, Pakistan, for a lecture on the English East India Company. She talks about the advantages of network theory, the challenges of Twitter research and the reasons for the success of the English East India Company, which—according to Erikson—cannot be successfully explained by using a European cultures versus South Asian cultures framework. It also touches upon the critique of corporations in general and the possible links between globalisation and the rise of populism in the United States. Emily Erikson teaches sociology at Yale University and works on social networks and the development of institutions of capitalism and democracy. Her award-winning book Between Monopoly and Free Trade: The English East India Company (Princeton University Press, 2014) shows how an informal social network linking autonomous employees fostered the company’s long-term success, shedding light on the processes underpinning the emergence of early multinational firms and the structure of early modern global trade. Her forthcoming book New Knowledge: The Rise of Economics and Development of the Public Sphere identifies the causes stimulating the development of pre-classical economic thought in the seventeenth century. Erikson serves on the council for economic sociology of the American Sociological Association and on the executive council of the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics. In addition, she serves on the editorial boards of Social Science History, Relational Sociology Series (Palgrave MacMillan), and is a founding member of the advisory board for the Journal of Historical Network Research.
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Moreno-Soldevila, Mayte. "Androcentrism and conservatism within climate obstructionism. The case of the think tank CLINTEL in The Netherlands." Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación, no. 55 (2022): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ambitos.2022.i55.03.
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Within the climate countermovement, neoliberal think tanks have played a predominant role in both the United States and Europe. There are links between climate obstructionism and ideologies such as conservatism and the extreme right; androcentrism, patriarchal worldviews and industrial masculinities, and whiteness and xenosceptic ideologies. This research takes as a case study the Dutch think tank CLINTEL, which, despite having been founded in 2019, has managed to get a declaration against the climate emergency to members of the European Parliament, which has been signed by climate action contrarians from all over the world. This paper analyses the contrarian framings present in this declaration based on the typology established by Almiron et al. (2020). In addition, this research makes a gendered discursive analysis of the discussion about this statement in a forum of the European Parliament, where CLINTEL met with members of the far-right Dutch party Forum van Democratie (FvD), part of the European Conservatives and Reformists group. The study on CLINTEL's statement shows that the think tank uses similar frames as other European denialist think tanks. Its climate declaration has a significant gender bias, with an overwhelming over-representation of men among the signatories. This, together with the discursive analysis of its discussion with members of the European Parliament, is a contribution to the emerging line of research on industrial masculinities and climate change obstructionism. This paper provides information on the think tank CLINTEL, helping to fill a knowledge gap on the climate change countermovement in the Netherlands.
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Sheffield, Suzanne Le-May. "23. Teaching Experience Preferred?” Preparing Graduate Students for Teaching Opportunities Beyond North America." Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching 6 (June 17, 2013): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/celt.v6i0.3759.
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Over the last 15 years, graduate students applying for academic positions in post-secondary education have increasingly been asked to include a statement of teaching interests, a teaching philosophy, or a teaching dossier with their applications. Even if a potential employer does not request any of these documents, many interviewees are expected to be able to reflect and articulate intelligently about their teaching philosophy in a job interview and/or to demonstrate their teaching. In Canada and the United States, research has shown that hiring committees are looking for candidates that not only have teaching experience, but who can also talk about and demonstrate their teaching (Meizlish & Kaplan, 2008; Schonwetter, Taylor, & Ellis, 2006). However, what types of teaching documentation are required of applicants when they are applying for entry-level academic positions outside of North America? Especially as developing countries are increasingly seeking Canadian faculty for their experience in student-centered pedagogical approaches (Tamburri, 2011). In addition, North American graduates are searching global markets for further career opportunities. An investigation was launched to examine permanent, tenure-track academic positions on six job sites during a four-month period to compare requests for teaching-related materials and teaching experience in job ads beyond North America. This study found that the international job market is comparable to the North American one with respect to teaching expectations and documentation. These findings underscore the importance of graduate student teaching development for those graduates seeking academic employment outside of North America.
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Kuçi, Gurakuç. "Informing Science and International Relations: Transdisciplinarity of the Concepts Civilization, Ideology, and Geopolitics." Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 25 (2022): 065–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4889.
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Aim/Purpose: The integration of knowledge through the transdisciplinary method with the three concepts civilization, ideology, and geopolitics (CIG) enables the analysis of international relations in a new perspective and the informing strategists of countries, organizations, analysts, clients, etc. These three concepts express the transdisciplinarity that offers a new theoretical explanation and the informing science approach. Background: The integration of knowledge using the three concepts for the analysis of international relations has found adequate explanations from 1890 until the withdrawal of the United States from Afghanistan. Therefore, the CIG model theoretically and practically finds support for more than a century, as argued in the paper. Methodology: The present paper uses a mixed theory based on transdisciplinary methodology and informing science. The literature was reviewed to find and build the theoretical basis and provide appropriate examples. The theory is also based on the model used by Francis Fukuyama in his books on building and dissolution of states (middle-range theory). Contribution: This paper enables the rethinking of the limitations of research on a theoretical and practical basis that is done in many scientific circles, not to eliminate others but to enrich science even more. Findings: In the paper, the main findings are the following: Integrating the three CIG concepts according to the transdisciplinary method offers a new perspective to explain international relations using the IS method; The integration of the three concepts is worthwhile after 1980, when the model of cabinet governments falls, Bismarck falls, and public opinion starts to emerge; It was after 1980 that theories of civilization and geopolitics began to emerge along with ideologies to apply in practice; These three concepts offer explanations based on a CIG zone and in the periphery of the CIG zone. In the CIG zone the security sphere is more stable and long-term, while in periphery the cooperation is temporary and not long termed; The paper shows that the Cold War period is divided into two periods; The paper also finds that CIG explains with examples the events that happened after the Cold War and until present days; The paper also shows, based on the strategies of the superpowers, how they are extending their influence based on the CIG concepts. The paper also shows new patterns of cooperation and clashes between the superpowers’ security zones, which also provide an explanatory perspective for the USA withdrawal from Afghanistan. (We do not talk in the paper about the Afghanistan issue and USA withdrawal). Recommendation for Researchers: Scientific attributes in the integration of knowledge give researchers a more open and comprehensive perspective to make more accurate and practical analyses of international relations. According to this model, other theories are enriched that use the transdisciplinary method, IS, and the CIG as a model for the integration of knowledge. Future Research: Researchers and practitioners of this CIG model can find answers such as “Why did the USA fail in Afghanistan and why was it successful in Kosovo?” as well as other questions about finding a solution for Iraq, cooperation with China, etc.
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Prasetya, Dion Maulana. "Geopolitik Bantuan Luar Negeri Dari Perang Dingin sampai Globalisasi." JURNAL SOSIAL POLITIK 2, no. 1 (2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v2i1.4753.
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AbstrakGeopolitik bantuan luar negeri menyiratkan adanya hubungan tak terpisahkan antara geopolitik dan bantuan luar negeri. Dengan kata lain, preferensi pemberian bantuan luar negeri sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor geopolitik. Artikel ini berusaha memaparkan kaitan antara geopolitik dan bantuan luar negeri. Lebih khusus tulisan ini membahas preferensi bantuan luar negeri Amerika Serikat (AS) yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor geopolitik. Tulisan ini terbagi menjadi tiga bagian. Bagian pertama membahas hubungan antara Marshall Plan dengan geopolitik. Bagian kedua dari tulisan ini membahas tentang konflik internal Yunani yang menjadi faktor penentu lahirnya Marshall Plan. Sedangkan bagian ketiga membahas mengenai upaya AS dalam memerangi terorisme melalui bantuan luar negeri. Dari hasil studi terlihat bahwa terjadi perubahan preferensi pemberian bantuan luar negeri berdasarkan faktor-faktor geopolitik.Kata kunci: bantuan luar negeri, geopolitik, Marshall Plan, terorisme AbstractGeopolitics of foreign aids shows a relation of geopolitic can not be separated with foreign aids. In other words, foreign aids preference will be influenced by geopolitics factors. This article tries to explain the correlation between geopolitics and foreign aids. To be more specific, this article talks about the United States foreign aids preference that is influenced by geopolitics factors. This article is divided into three parts. The first part discusses the correlation between Marshall Plan and geopolitics. The second part examines the Greek civil war that became the decisive factor of the Marshall Plan. Whereas the third part discusses about the US efforts on war against terrorism through foreign aids. The study shows that there is a change on the foreign aids preference that is influenced by geopolitics factors.Keywords: foreign aids, geopolitics, Marshall Plan, terrorism
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Kowalska, Grażyna, Tomasz Baj, Radosław Kowalski, and Muhammad Asif Hanif. "Characteristics of Selected Silphium Species as Alternative Plants for Cultivation and Industry with Particular Emphasis on Research Conducted in Poland: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (2022): 5092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095092.
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This article reviews the available research results of selected species of the genus Silphium L. (Asteraceae) as alternative plants for crops and industry. Silphium species have valuable qualities across a wide range of uses, which is very important in considering plant resources as a green alternative to a sustainable future. Species of the genus Silphium are tall perennials found in fields, prairies, open forests, and groves in the central and eastern parts of the United States and Canada. Various tribes of Native North American used Silphium for medicinal purposes. The cup plant Silphium perfoliatum L. is the most popular species of the genus Silphium due to its attractive ornamental, honey–giving, healing, and forage qualities. As the literature review shows, species of the genus Silphium are characterized by a high production potential in terms of yields and contain significant amounts of nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, and L-ascorbic acid, as well as minerals and biologically active substances, e.g., terpenoids and essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and oleanosides. In addition, the research confirmed the possibility of using Silphium for fodder, as honeybee forage, phytoremediation plants, for reclamation of degraded land, as plants for energy purposes (biomass, biogas), and as plants that provide components with antimicrobial activity. This review largely takes into account many years of research experience conducted in Poland.
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Ager, D. E. "Sales talk in Japan and the United States." System 15, no. 1 (1987): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(87)90058-3.
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Tiwari, Sandeep Singh, Mamta Masram, and Prakhar Goyal. "NEW DIMENSIONS OF AYURVEDA IN THIS COVID-19 ERA." October - November 2020 p5, no. 01 (2020): 2595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj07p5012020.
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Ayurveda is the Science of healing and a mere ancient medicinal text instead. It is a way of perceiving a healthy lifestyle. It primarily focuses on improving the lifestyle which can naturally heal the body and talks of medicines lately. This natural healing is the reason that everyone is looking at it hopefully at present conditions. Out of infinite healing techniques of Ayurveda some of the best are discussed here. Study of different principles of Ayurveda with its different prophylactic as well as curative approach, which shows the predominance of Ayurveda from time immemorial till today. Ayurveda has a broad category of tech-niques which can be used as prophylactic measures. This list consists of numerous methods and techniques that can help maintaining and achieving healthy lifestyle. This technique begins with the proper daily rou-tine. A case presentation of a patient aged 43 years, an investor banker in New York, United States of America (USA), with a height of 193 cm and weighing 94.3 kg found corona positive. On the first day of falling ill contacted his Ayurvedic Vaidya in Chennai on the telephone, for a consultation and started on Ayurvedic medication for his complaints. This case proved that in these chemicals dominating era it has become a prerequisite requirement to collaborate with Ayurveda for a better and convenient lifestyle. Also mentioning different ways in which Ayurveda is helping today, with a special emphasis on the cure of covid19 patient through Ayurveda.
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Cobb, Corie Lynn, Matthew R. Begley, Emilee Nicole Armstrong, and Keith Edward Johnson. "(Invited) Manufacturing 3D Electrode Architectures Via Acoustophoresis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 6 (2022): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-026608mtgabs.
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Achieving high-energy and high-power density Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with fast charge behavior is critical for the future of electric vehicle applications. Conventional LIBs have planar anode and cathode electrode stacks that can be optimized for energy or power, but not both simultaneously due to fundamental ion transport limitations with increasing electrode thickness. Three-dimensional (3D) electrode architectures1,2 can remove these performance trade-offs through engineered ion-transport in thick electrodes. However, scalable manufacturing methods for patterning these architectures over large areas at meaningful time scales is still limited. As a path to solving this challenge, we leverage both modeling and experiments to investigate the feasibility of deploying acoustophoresis to assemble and pattern 3D battery electrodes. Acoustophoresis employs acoustic standing waves to focus particles and enables near micron-scale control over particle placement in a fluid medium at time scales < 1 second. Prior research has shown the potential for rapid assembly of particles with this approach,3,4 making acoustic-based processing a promising methodology for manufacturing 3D electrodes over large areas. In this talk, we expand a previously developed model4 that solves differential equations of acoustic forces to track particle trajectories and define how the acoustic forces are influenced by slurry viscosity, particle loading, and particle morphology. Our initial experiments with different material systems, including LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC-622), help validate our model and process conditions to as a path towards acoustophoretic fabrication of 3D electrode architectures. References C. L. Cobb and S. E. Solberg, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164, A1339–A1341 (2017). C. L. Cobb and M. Blanco, Journal of Power Sources, 249, 357–366 (2014). D. S. Melchert et al., Materials & Design, 109512 (2021). R. R. Collino et al., Materials Research Letters, 6, 191–198 (2018). Acknowledgements This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) Award Number DE-EE0009112. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government.
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KIM, Mansu. "THE PATTERNS OF KOREAN’S NARRATIVE: BASED ON THE ‘RULE OF THREE’." International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences 3 (July 8, 2017): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kr.2017.03.04.
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Korea has several conflicting images. The first image was that Korea has been a small and weak country. Korean Peninsula places at the collision point of continents and oceans, so it has been forced to encounter the frequent invasions from other strong neighboring countries. The second image is that Korea is a very interesting and dynamic society which has a long history and excellent cultures. Nowadays Koreans are known to be very smart and excellent in arts and science. Owing to the ardent desire for the children’s education, young Korean students are more educated and talented than those of any other nations. Between the passive belittlement opinion and extremely exaggerated applause, there could be more balanced third opinions suitable for Korean’s position.Korea is trying to confirm its identity through the comparison with other countries; China, Japan, and the United States. China has been the most powerful empire at the center of East Asia. For this reason, Korea chose a voluntary way of submission to China for a long time. Of course, there happened to be a time of resistance as an opponent. Korea sometimes has kept the attitude of "subservience to the stronger" on China. Japan has been considered as a less civilized country than Korea. But it grew to be the most powerful imperialist’s nation in East Asia and dominated Korea as a kind of substantial colony for 35 years. At the beginning of 20th century, the United States emerged as the super power among the all nations. Their power influenced to lots of nations as a police of the world as if they were the only police who can keep world peace. They were the friendly helper to South Korea for a long time. But it is not strange there were some occasional conflicts between the two nations.In general, Korea has chosen a policy of obedience to these powerful countries. But on the contrary of realistic attitude to them, Korean has continuously kept the attitude of independence and resistance in their deep minds. In the folk tale, it is the universal law that the weakest finally wins the strongest. The pattern of Korean’s narratives is same to that folk tale.Koreans feels a kind of empathy to these folk tales for they have been too weak themselves. So they made their own tales based on the contrast between strong and weak. Koreans have felt serious agony against inevitable power between continent/ ocean, China/ Japan, China/ United States. These were the Koreans’ destiny in their daily life. But Koreans developed lots of fictitious narrative which shows the imaginative victory of Korean.The pattern of ‘Rule of three’ can be divided into four; simple or cumulative, progressive or ascending, contrasting or double negative, dialectical. In this paper, I am going to introduce some Korean narratives, which show the victory of the weakest. The stories of General Yushin Kim and Great Monk Samyeong could be chosen the representative examples of Korean narratives."Three colored national flag" has been used in the world. For example, French people uses three colored flag for the meaning of liberty, equality and fraternity. I guess, in Poland, the legend of ‘three eagles’ could be used for the relationship of Russia, Germany and Poland or Germany, Czech and Poland. Currently, it can be used for the Korean’s dilemma between the powerful Group Two. Koreans are always asking to themselves: which way we must choose to survive between two powerful brothers, what is the third way we can choose as the youngest brother. These questions are making many narratives on Korean themselves.
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Glyantsev, S. P., B. M. Gorelik, and A. Werner. "PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. In the Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). C.N. Barnard and the first clinical heart transplantation (December 3, 1967). V.P. Demikhov and C.N. Barnard: touchpoints." Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation 12, no. 4 (2020): 332–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2020-12-4-332-352.
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Having studied the available printed, visual, and verbal sources from Russia, South Africa, the USA, and Germany, we have identified and reviewed in the article the facts of face-to-face and correspondence communication between V.P. Demikhov, the "father" of experimental heart transplantation (Moscow, USSR), and C.N. Barnard, a pioneer of clinical heart transplantation (Cape Town, South Africa). We have shown that C.N. Barnard mastered the heart surgery techniques, including those under conditions of artificial circulation, in the USA in 1956-1958, and later improved them in his homeland both in clinic (heart surgery for cardiac defects), and in the experiment (heart transplantation). The main events preceding the first world human heart transplant performed by C.N. Barnard on December 3, 1967, were his trip to the United States in August 1967 to study immunosuppression techniques, and the kidney transplantation he had performed in Cape Town in September, 1967. Prior to that time, C.N. Barnard had visited the USSR only once, in May 1960, as a delegate to the XXVII All-Union Congress of Surgeons. In the Soviet Union, he visited a number of clinics dealing with heart surgery and tissue and organ transplantation, including the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute for Emergency Medicine, where he met V.P. Demikhov, but C.N. Barnard could neither talk to him personally, nor watch his operations. In December 1967, V.P. Demikhov spoke with C.N. Barnard on the phone, but the conversation was highly professional. This paper has shown different approaches of V.P. Demikhov and C.N. Barnard to the transplantation problem: the Soviet surgeon paid more attention to the transplantation technique, meanwhile, the South African surgeon considered the solution of immunological problems to be the basis of success. Nevertheless, C.N. Barnard knew about V.P. Demikhov's scientific achievements and used some of them in his surgical practice. The authors have substantiated the interaction between V.P. Demikhov and C.N. Barnard as between an ideological mentor and a student (in a broad sense) rather than as a teacher and a student (in a narrow sense). Therefore, in a broad, philosophical sense, the Soviet surgeon can be considered one of the inspirers of the world's first heart transplantation, which, in turn, proved that his ascetic work was not in vain.
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Zalomkina, Galina. "The Moon as an Object of Exploration in the Perception of Russian Science Fiction." Semiotic studies 1, no. 2 (2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2021-1-2-47-54.
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Purpose: to trace how the representative Russian science fiction texts reflect the process of the exploration of the Earths satellite, both in scientific/technical and socio-philosophical aspects.
 Methods: comparative-historical, mythopoetic, socio-historical, hermeneutical, structural analysis.
 Results: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the outstanding rocket scientist and pioneer of the astronautic theory, in his story On the Moon conjectured in detail the impression of an observer on its surface. The Soviet science fiction writer Alexander Belyaev developed Tsiolkovskys hypotheses in the story The Star KETs in which the Moon becomes accessible due to the construction of a space station in Earths orbit, named after the scientist: Star K(onstantin) E(duardovich) Ts(iolkovsky). In the Soviet Union, which was actively engaged in the research of the Moon, the interest in it was so great that it was reflected even in childrens literature. Simultaneously with the deployment of the Soviet lunar program, a fairy-tale novel by Nikolai Nosov Dunno on the Moon appeared. The novel shows the atmosphere of rivalry between the USSR and the United States in the exploration of the Moon. The science fiction vector is unfolded in the picaresque genre. In Victor Pelevins novel Omon Ra the question is raised not only of the research prospects of lunar landings, but also of the spiritual price of scientific search which implies the active participation of the state: is a free intellectual and technical search possible for astrophysicists, engineers, and cosmonauts under the pressure of acute political necessities?
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Payne, Lucinda O., Denise M. Martz, K. Brooke Tompkins, Anna B. Petroff, and Claire V. Farrow. "Gender Comparisons of Fat Talk in the United Kingdom and the United States." Sex Roles 65, no. 7-8 (2010): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9881-4.
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