Dissertations / Theses: 'Talk Therapy'

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Viklund, Erika. "Therapy talk and talk about therapy : Client-identified important events in psychotherapy." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Psykologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111919.

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Capturing and studying the moments in psychotherapy that clients find most important can help us understand more about how psychotherapy works, what the curative ingredients are, and by what processes they are mediated. Qualitative research in this area has, so far, mainly focused on describing, and categorizing clients’ experiences of important factors and events. The methods employed to analyse the data have been rather limited in variation and are usually based on a realist epistemology, according to which data are basically treated as reflections of the clients’ actual experiences. This entails a risk of overlooking and obscuring other aspects of therapy and the therapy process that are equally important to explore, for example the microprocesses of interaction within important events, or how clients’ accounts of their experiences are shaped and limited by the context in which they are produced. The overall aim of this licentiate thesis was to explore client-identified important events in psychotherapy with a focus on studying therapy talk and talk about therapy from a social constructionist point of view, which would allow a closer exploration of the understudied areas mentioned above. In Study I, Conversation Analysis was used to explore the interaction taking place between seven client-therapist dyads in 16 client-identified important events collected from their third sessions. The analysis identified that 12 of the events contained clients’ expressions of disagreement. Three different ways that the therapists handled the disagreement were discerned: The first, and most common, way was to orient to the client’s cues of disagreement by inviting the client to elaborate on his or her point of view and to establish a shared understanding acceptable to both participants. The second way was to orient to the client’s disagreement cues but define the therapist’s own point view as more relevant than the client’s, and the third way was a single case in which the therapist did not in any way orient to the client’s disagreement cues. In Study II, two qualitative methods based on different epistemologies were used to analyse the same set of eight clients’ accounts of 18 important events. The aim was to first identify what types of events clients describe as important, and then explore how their accounts of these events were contextually shaped and organized, and the consequences of this. The first analysis, a content analysis, yielded descriptions of five different types of events, which were similar to the ones found in previous research on important events. The second analysis, a discourse analysis, demonstrated how clients’ accounts were not only influenced by the participants’ ability to accurately remember and report their experience, but also by what was sayable within the context of the research interview. In conclusion, the two studies demonstrate how qualitative methods based on a socialconstructive perspective can contribute to our understanding of clientidentified important events by highlighting and describing participants’ use of language in interaction, and its forms and functions within therapy sessions and in research interviews. The findings point out the need to broaden the range of qualitative methods used in psychotherapy research in general and indicate the potential value of methods like CA and DA to psychotherapy process research and research on important events in particular.

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Mastache, Martinez Claudia I. "A discursive study of therapy talk : the collaborative approach to therapy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7707.

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The main goal of this thesis is to describe what happens in the collaborative approach to therapy from a conversation and discursive analytical perspective. The data we worked with are part of collaborative therapy sessions in Mexican Spanish Dialect. Chapter 1 is an introduction to two of the main social constructionist approaches to therapy, the `reflecting team approach' and the `collaborative approach' to therapy. This sets out the theoretical environment in which the therapy was done. Chapter 2 is a review of the state of the art in conversation and discourse studies on therapy talk and related fields, illustrating the type of analysis done up to now. Chapter 3 describes aspects of Mexican population that were part of the context in which the data originated; some notes on translation issues are included here. Chapter 4 is the first analytic chapter and it describes the dynamics in conversation of the English particle `okay' as found in Spanish therapeutic interaction. It shows both the work okay is doing when found in the therapists' discourse and what it is doing when found in the clients' discourse. Chapter 5 presents the analysis of instances of informality that were found in the data, arguing that aspects of an `egalitarian therapeutic stance' can be displayed in the participants' talk. Chapter 6 is a study on questions and therapy, more specifically it shows the questions that can be asked by the clients in therapy talk and the conversational job this is doing. Chapter 7 is an example of research done when taking as a starting point a category that is relevant for therapy and counselling: active listening. In reading through this thesis, the reader will find aspects of the therapeutic approach as displayed in talk. Examples of this are the displays in talk of the philosophical stance, such as being egalitarian in an institutional setting. Besides describing how theoretical assumptions can be displayed in talk, this work describes in detail several aspects of therapy talk.

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Clark, Denice Crowe. "Adult Clients' Experience of Walk-and-Talk Therapy." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6779.

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Standards of healthcare exist to promote beneficent treatment; however, treatment approaches are sometimes not supported by research, creating potential ethical issues for clinicians expected to use evidence-based practices. For example, walk-and-talk therapy, where therapy sessions incorporate physical activity in an outdoor setting, is being offered at increasing rates, but research regarding the practice is sparse and primarily reflects the therapists' experiences. Thus, the purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analytic study was to explore the clients' experience of the altered frame of walk-and-talk therapy through the conceptual lenses of therapeutic frame and the biopsychosocial model of well-being. Data were collected through in-depth, semistructured interviews with a sample of three former walk-and-talk therapy clients, and data were analyzed using the modified van Kaam method. Findings included that the clients' experience of walk-and-talk therapy was shaped by prior therapy experiences with participants reporting concerns and benefits related to the altered frame. Clients found walk-and-talk equally or more therapeutic than traditional therapy and felt walk-and-talk could be a less stigmatizing therapeutic alternative for individuals who find traditional, indoor therapy unappealing. Implications for social change include shaping standard practices of walk-and-talk therapy, thus informing the future of training and supervision as well as providing an alternative therapeutic offering for individuals who find traditional, indoor therapy unappealing.

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Boynewicz, Kara, Heather Lundeen, Robbie O'Shea, Jennifer Furze, Tricia Catalino, Roberta Gatlin, and Peggy Mohr. "Rapid Fire Talk in Pediatric Physical Therapy Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8343.

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Entry level and post professional physical therapy education is enhanced when learners are actively engaging with material/patients through EPA’s and the essential core competencies. Active learning strategies are educational methods where students are actively involved in their learning. Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) guide practice based assessment for students and professionals, carrying out trustful activities with multiple competencies. An agreement on the delivery of the essential competencies with active learning strategies to enhance EPA are still up for debate. First round of rapid fire will compare the delivery of content with focus on traditional, flipped and on-line classrooms. The second round of rapid fire will discuss active learning strategies creating or assessing impactful EPA with clear take home examples. Active learning strategies will include Team Based Learning (TBL), Experiential Learning, Reflection and Patient Simulation. This will conclude with a hearty discussion on classroom structure and strategies in pediatric physical therapy education leading to more effective, gratifying, and memorable learning outcomes.

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Brown, Catrina. "Talking body talk, an analysis of feminist therapy epistemology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58644.pdf.

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Yan, Xiaoping. "A discourse analytical study of TV talk-show therapy." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/863.

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McKinney, Bridget L. "Therapist's Perceptions of Walk and Talk Therapy: A Grounded Study." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1375.

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Our society has become less physically active (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010) and less connected to nature than ever before (Berger & Mcleod, 2006). Spending leisure time indoors, technological advancements, urban living, and car dependent communities have led to these changes (Dustin, Bricker, & Schwab, 2010; Hansen-Ketchum, Marck, & Reutter, 2009; Norman & Mills, 2004). As a result, physical health and mental health is deteriorating (Dustin et al., 2010; Maller, Townsend, Pryor, Brown & Leger, 2005). Physical activity and nature can each produce mental and physical health benefits; some approaches such as adventure-based counseling and wilderness therapy already incorporate these elements. A promising alternative approach using physical activity and nature has received attention in recent years. Walk and talk therapy has been described as an intervention that combines counseling, walking, and the outdoors (Doucette, 2004). Despite, a small number of therapists using the approach (Gontang, 2009), anecdotal research (Hays, 1994), and a description of the approach (Doucette, 2004), little is known about walk and talk therapy. In this qualitative study 11 therapists were interviewed about their experiences with walk and talk therapy. Main themes of the study suggested characteristics, a procedure, reasons walk and talk therapy evolved, limitations, outcomes, and a framework for practice for walk and talk therapy. Therapists believe walk and talk therapy is beneficial for clients as well as therapists. Implications for therapists, researchers, and counselor educators are provided.

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Carroll, Jo. "It makes you feel better : children talk about play therapy." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399378.

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Rajan, Anita. "Counselling psychologists talk about cross-cultural therapy : a thematic analysis." Thesis, University of East London, 2012. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3039/.

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In order to maintain integrity and a non-judgemental approach both in general and more specifically cross-cultural therapy, counselling psychologists need to cultivate a habit of reflection, soul searching and self-exploration. It can be argued that any client at any time is always different from the therapist, even if they come from the same culture. The way in which people engage with a cultural heritage creates implications and negotiated ways of being. For the purpose of this study, cross-cultural therapy was regarded as an activity, an attitude and a way of conducting therapy. The aim was to explore how counselling psychologists understand and practise cross-cultural therapy. An in-depth thematic analysis, embedded in a relativist social constructionist paradigm, was used to examine the interviews of eight counselling psychologists from different cultural backgrounds. Two dominant themes emerged from the analysis: cross-cultural therapy as a return to individuality and cross-cultural therapy as a return to situatedness. In the theme cross-cultural therapy as a return to individuality, participants viewed clients as individuals with unique takes on their contexts while in the second dominant theme the clients were seen as embedded in their context so therefore increased knowledge of their background was valued. There 3 appeared to be a constant motion between these two main themes which is demonstrated by the word ‘return’ in their names. A mapping for the core interpretative features of both of these themes is presented alongside discussions of the power relations that played out in participants’ narrative. Issues around power within the interaction between the client and the therapist as well as in the discourse were examined. The findings support issues uncovered in the literature but also highlight the necessarily complex task of being culturally sensitive. A positive way forward would be honest self-exploration to move towards more accepting and respectful practice in cross-cultural therapy.

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Parker, Nikki. "'What d'you think?' : a discursive analyis of psychology in therapy talk." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7685.

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This thesis is an investigation of talk in a therapeutic setting. It takes discursive psychology as the main influence theoretically, and also draws on the rigorous analytical techniques of conversation analysis (CA). The data was collected in various family therapy settings in the U.K., both residential and non-residential videotapes made during those sessions These recordings were made by therapists for their own use initially, and were not produced especially for this project. Videotapes were transcribed according to standard CA conventions, and subsequently analysed. One of the primary research questions has been to examine empirically mental state language as used in the therapeutic setting. Secondly, it has been to examine accounting practices and the production of versions of events as 'fact'. Thirdly, the aim has been to consider the practical implications of asymmetry as a participants' concern. As a unifying and over-arching analytic interest the use of reported speech in each of these other aspects has been investigated to assess its role in their production. The conclusions of the thesis demonstrate that participants themselves orient to one another's minds as accessible and reportable entities, and that speech is treated as reflective of inner thought. Furthermore, where speech is reported in the therapeutic setting, it is frequently used to validate and to evidence claims about other people's 'psyche'.

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Hoffmann, Mikael. "Risk Talk : On Communicating Benefits and Harms in Health Care." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7338.

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Skaife, Sally Elizabeth. "An investigation of the relationship between art and talk in art therapy groups." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527181.

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This research explores a duality in art therapy: is art therapy about using art to help clients make therapeutic relationships or is it about therapeutic relationships facilitating a transformative process in art-making? In my experience art easily becomes subsumed by verbal interaction in art therapy groups in which there is reflection on interpersonal relationships. I contextualise my clinical experience by referring to the art therapy literature in which I identify four historical phases in the art/talk relationship: acknowledgment of a tension between art and talk; splits in types of practice resulting in tension becoming hidden in each; the sliding scale and recognition of creativity in polarity; and finally a celebration of diversity and plurality. Using a heuristic approach, reflexive writing and hermeneutic reflection, I have related texts from Continental Philosophy to my own clinical experience, to interviews and questionnaires previously given to members and the therapist of a colleague's art therapy group, and to the art therapy literature. The interrelated philosophical texts have sought to revise the way that art has been thought about in Western philosophy since Plato. I have analysed them with a view to re-visioning the ontological foundations of art therapy theory. Hierarchical divisions in the way that art is thought about are endemic to the development of the role of art in Western society, and thus reflected in art therapy theory. The philosophical works that I study challenge these divisions through the recognition of paradox. Understanding the hierarchical dilemmas that result from combining art and talk as mutative paradoxes presents a way of working with other hierarchies and for representation of voices that are suppressed. The outcome of this research has been to consider ways of working with tensions in the art/talk relationship in clinical practice and to develop a theoretical framework for art therapy which can be applied across all the client groups that art therapists work with. The aim has been to develop a unified identity for art therapy which resists splits which disadvantage clients, and fragment the profession.

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Gardner, Hilary. "Doing talk about speech : a study of speech/language therapists and phonologically disordered children working together." Thesis, University of York, 1994. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10803/.

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MacMillan, Katie. "Trance-scripts : the poetics of a reflexive guide to hypnosis and trance talk." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7318.

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Trance-Scripts is an analysis of the social construction of hypnosis, looking at the way in which versions of hypnosis are constituted in various kinds of texts and talk. The analysis is reflexive, in that it highlights its own constructed nature, including how it textually constructs the textually constructed nature of hypnosis. Taking a relativist and social constructionist perspective, hypnosis is revealed (or constructed) as a discursive and social practice, in how it is realized, conducted, reported, disputed, theorized, accounted for, debunked, and so on. The analysis examines a range of written materials on hypnosis, including historical, clinical, and social psychology textbooks, popular media, as well as transcriptions of hypnotic inductions. The thesis uses alternative literary forms (ALFs) as a way of highlighting the textual construction of its own, and others', claims to knowledge, and of creating, caricaturing, and analysing through parody, the thesis's topics. These topics include the connections between poetry, hypnosis, therapy and reflexivity proposed in the thesis, and also the standard uses of ALFs in reflexive work of this kind. Reflexive analysis is produced via a self conscious use of a metaphoric spiral, where analysis can take another turn upon a topic and offer another perspective. Thus, in a discussion on therapy, reflexivity becomes a therapeutic tool with which to confront and quieten the argument that reflexive analysis will result in an infinite regress. The presence of poetry in a social science thesis is intended to challenge conventional sociological and psychological analysis, in which poetry features (if at all) as some kind of social phenomenon, that folk called 'poets' produce, rather than being an appropriate and challenging analytic language, as it is used here. This abstract, given its contents, may be taking its work as a conventional abstract rather seriously. Time for the next turn.

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Shrestha, Bhattarai Tripti. "CROSS-TALK BETWEEN THE TUMOR SUPPRESSORS PAR-4 AND P53." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/toxicology_etds/10.

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This work describes the fascinating interplay between two tumor suppressors Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) and p53. The guardian of the genome, p53, is frequently mutated in human cancers, and may contribute to therapeutic resistance. However, p53 is intact and functional in normal tissues, and we observed that specific activation of p53 in normal fibroblasts could induce apoptosis selectively in p53-deficient cancer cells. This paracrine apoptotic effect was executed by Par-4 secreted in response to p53 activation. Accordingly, activation of p53 in wild-type mice, but not in p53-/- or Par-4-/- mice, caused systemic elevation of Par-4 that induced apoptosis of p53-deficient tumor cells. Mechanistically, p53 induced Par-4 secretion by suppressing the expression of UACA, a binding partner of Par-4, and thereby releasing Par-4 from sequestration by UACA. Thus, normal cells can be empowered by p53 activation to induce Par-4 secretion for inhibition of therapy-resistant tumors. Conversely, our studies have also revealed a definite role for Par-4 in regulating p53 expression. The pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor Par-4 is lost, down-regulated, inactivated or mutated in a number of cancers. Loss of Par-4 is associated with therapeutic resistance and poor disease prognosis, yet the mechanism for resistance is not clearly understood. Using genetically matched cells, we show that Par-4 expression is required for stabilization and function of the tumor suppressor p53, which constitutes the hub of signaling networks controlling important cellular and organismal phenotypes. In particular, the expression of p53 protein and its stabilization in response to genotoxic stress were remarkably attenuated in response to Par-4 loss. Accordingly, Par-4-null or -knockdown cells demonstrated increased resistance to apoptosis induced by genotoxic stress. Par-4 loss resulted in elevated Mdm2 activity, which is known to cause p53 degradation. Our findings suggest that Par-4 stabilizes p53 by inhibiting Akt-mediated phosphorylation of Mdm2 that is known to prevent translocation of Mdm2 into the nucleus for p53 ubiquitination and degradation. These studies identify a novel regulatory relationship between two tumor suppressors and may provide a better understanding of therapeutic resistance in tumors with p53 wild type status.

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Bower, Wendy K. "Talk to text| an application of discourse analysis to text messaging in adolescents with social communication disorders." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10000090.

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This study uses conversational analysis to identify how adolescents with pragmatic difficulties use text messaging to establish friendship networks. Individuals diagnosed with Social Communication Disorders (SCD) have normal intelligence, however reportedly exhibit difficulties interacting in face-to-face social situations due to differences in their interpretation of both social and linguistic cues. These miscues often lead to problems in deciphering subtle linguistic meaning indicators or in decoding physical concomitants of communication signaling nuances of conversations in friendship networks. Text messaging eliminates meaning-making social cues and subtle linguistic markers present in face-to-face interactions. With text messaging becoming a ubiquitous form of interaction for adolescents, it remains to be seen how individuals diagnosed with SCD use texting to establish and maintain social practices. This dissertation study examined text messaging use in a group of adolescents diagnosed with SCD. Six adolescents collected and saved text messages for a period of 1-4 months. Using a conversational analysis framework, texts were parsed into conversational units and coded for specific communicative indices that marked communicative competencies. In addition, individual interviews with adolescent participants and their parents served to contextualize the analysis of the collected text conversations. Results indicated that the participants showed communicative competencies that belie their language use in face-to-face interactions. These adolescents, though they all report that they prefer face-to-face interactions, effectively used text messaging as a medium for maintaining social relationships, and all participants related that friendships are enhanced when they have access to friends via phone. The adolescents in this study used diverse language styles to communicate with different people. Instances of creative language found throughout their texting bodes well for these adolescents diagnosed with SDC, as success in this context may further encourage other forms of both written and verbal language use. If the creative nature of the texting sphere is exploited, and individuals show communicative competence in this medium, we need to redefine competence and recognize more instances of appropriate communication with peers, thus expanding the social networking of these individuals in meaningful ways. Additionally, culturally established categories framing this particular disorder should be reconstructed to constitute these individuals as capable communicators.

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de, Leon Tiffany. "From Horse Walk to Therapy Talk: Exploring the Effects of Equine Assisted Family Therapy Coursework on Self of the Therapist Development of MFT Student Therapists." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/52.

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The Introduction and Advanced Equine Assisted Family Therapy (EAFT) courses offered at Nova Southeastern University (NSU) provide graduate Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) student therapists the space to learn about collaborating with horses for therapeutic and educational purposes. However, these courses also offer the potential for a unique dimension to self of the therapist development. Through these courses, student therapists are able to learn theory and application of an innovative experiential model for clients, but also utilize the activities to get to know themselves better as emerging therapists. The purpose of this study was to explore if and how the learning that occurs within the EAFT courses transfers into traditional talk therapy sessions. More specifically, the study explored how students utilized the experiential process of learning within the courses to further their understanding of the self of the therapist. The conversations that unfolded from reviewing MFT student therapists’ video recorded talk therapy sessions at the Brief Therapy Institute’s family therapy clinic served as the data. Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) was used to inquire about this process, including specifically how it relates to self of the therapist development.

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Shapiro, Jamie L. "An individualized multimodal mental skills intervention for college athletes undergoing injury rehabilitation." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10293.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 177 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Roberts, Theo. "Empathy in couple therapy for depression : a discourse analysis of couple and therapist talk in mutual understanding events." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18239.

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Couple therapy research identifies partner empathy as a core process for positive outcomes. The Exeter Model of couple therapy (EMCT) for depression builds on both behavioural and empathic approaches in couple therapy to reduce unhelpful couple interactions and promote mutual understanding between partners where one partner is experiencing depression. Based on EMCT, this process research study aimed to investigate mutual understanding (MU), a transtheoretical concept that refers to the moment-by-moment therapy triad talk that constructs partner empathy. Thirty-four therapy sessions from seven couples in EMCT were screened for MU events, based on pre-defined theoretically derived criteria. A discourse analysis (DA) discursive psychology approach was utilised to examine identified MU events. Specifically, participant positioning and the constructive function of discourses were examined in the therapy extracts, as these DA concepts were closely linked to MU criteria. Findings provided insights into the couple and therapist interaction sequences that contribute to MU, suggesting that both systemic-behavioural and systemic-empathic EMCT techniques can facilitate the process. Specifically, circularities, active listening tasks, and eliciting vulnerability were identified as effective techniques for MU. Findings also pointed to clients' contributions and the impact of discordant discourses. Implications for EMCT practice, and directions for future couple therapy research are discussed.

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Montgomery, LaTrice M. A. "The Influence of Change Talk and Decisional Balance on Treatment Outcomes among African American Substance Users." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1335461947.

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Cantwell, Sarah. "Talk about what might be helpful : relating meta-therapeutic dialogue to concrete interactions and exploring the relevance for therapeutic practice." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2018. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/talk-about-what-might-be-helpful(52f0cea4-63dc-4619-a986-3db5bfc53729).html.

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This thesis investigated how clients and therapists discuss the means by which clients can work towards their therapeutic goals. Cooper et al. (2016) termed such discussions meta-therapeutic communication or meta-therapeutic dialogue and Cooper and McLeod (2011) recommend carrying them out since outcomes are robustly related to whether the client accepts the therapeutic strategy as appropriate for their needs (e.g. Horvath et al., 2011). This thesis undertook the first discovery-oriented, Conversation Analysis (CA) study of how clients and therpaists actually carry out meta-therapeutic discussions. It represents a sustained attempt to bridge the practice-research gap and highlights the conceptual and practical challenges in doing so. 42 audio-recorded pluralistic therapy sessions were sampled across seven therapist-client pairs. Before carrying out the CA study proper, it was necessary to conceptually link broad descriptions of meta-therapeutic dialogue to participants’ concrete actions in therapy sessions. This involved a review of related concepts (Chapter Two), as well as a detailed conceptualization of how therapists’ stocks of interactional knowledge (SIKs) (Peräkylä & Vehviläinen, 2003) regarding meta-therapeutic dialogue might demonstrably link with their concrete actions as described by CA findings (Chapters Three through Five). Therapists’ questions to clients about what might be helpful were selected as a likely site for meta-therapeutic dialogue and were subjected to an in-depth CA investigation of the practical issues participants themselves treated as important in their interactions around these questions (Chapters Six through Eight). Findings show how some apparent opportunities for meta-therapeutic dialogue are less facilitative of clients’ independent input, and can sometimes be interactionally coercive. There is evidence that facilitating dialogical opportunities for talking about what might be helpful may require the therapist to move back-and-forth between opposing positions, such as treating the client as potentially unknowing but still also holding open a space for their contribution. These findings extend existing SIKs regarding meta-therapeutic dialogue by specifying some concrete considerations therapists orient to during such endeavours. Some practical similarities between meta-therapeutic dialogue and problem-solving/solution-focused approaches are also highlighted.

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Combs, Sandra G. "The effects of information sharing and modeling on teacher talk and children's language during dramatic play." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1242958645.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisors: Nancy A. Creaghead Ph.D. (Committee Chair), Jo-Anne Prendeville Ed.D. (Committee Member), Richard Kretschmer Ed.D. (Committee Member), Heidi Kloos Ph.D. (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 25, 2009). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Zsembery, Celeste Lloyd. "Rhetoric in Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Healing Minds Through Argumentation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3093.

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The fields of psychology and rhetoric share the goal of improving human mental health and behavior through persuasion. This thesis traces the history of rhetoric and psychology theory, focusing on the parallel theories of Nienkamp's internal rhetoric and Herman's dialogical self. Both theories model the human mind as having multiple psyches that actively interact to interpret human experience and project human behavior. I conclude with a case study of anorexic patients using ethos, pathos, and logos in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), arguing that principles of rhetoric can help patients with mental disorders cognitively realign their thinking more effectively than drug treatments can.

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Nolte, Lizette. "Behind closed doors : a grounded theory of the social processes that describe how parents talk to their children about parental mental health difficulties." Thesis, University of East London, 2014. http://repository.tavistockandportman.ac.uk/1531/.

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Since the government commissioned the Crossing Bridges programme in 1998 (Falcov, 1998) and through legislation and a number of government policies and initiatives since, there has been emphasis on addressing the needs of families where there are parental mental health problems. Furthermore, there is a fast-growing body of research pointing to the needs of these families. However, service structures, development and provision have lagged behind. Most often parents with mental health difficulties have access to services addressing their individual mental health needs while their needs as parents and the needs of their children remain largely invisible. One such need that has been highlighted repeatedly in the literature is the need for children to have information about and make sense of their parent’s mental health difficulties. Given the lack of services to respond to this need, it is most often left to the parent to make decisions about and respond to their child’s search for understanding. This study is a qualitative study that explores parents’ experiences of decision-making and responding to this need, and the social processes and dominant discourses that impact on these experiences. Fifteen parents with mental health difficulties were interviewed, using semi-structured individual interviews, which were transcribed, and interpretive Grounded Theory was employed to analyse and interpret the data. The grounded theory that was constructed suggest two main social processes that impact on parents’ talking with their children about parental mental health issues. Firstly, within a relational context, parents were Negotiating mutuality between themselves and their children. Secondly, within an identity context, parents had to navigate Holding on to self, holding on to life. These social processes indicate that both parents’ relationships with their children and also their own sense of themselves within the context of their mental distress powerfully shape telling, talking and keeping silent. Implications of these findings both in relation to clinical interventions and future research are considered. In particular, the importance of positioning the parent as active role-player in the healing of their child, and positioning the child as active role-payer in their own meaning-making, are highlighted. Furthermore, developing ‘double-stories’ beyond the mental health story and beyond ‘information’ is emphasised and the importance of a sense of continuity of self and identity over time for parent and child is accentuated. Finally, the importance of allowing for complex and ever-evolving understandings of mental distress is indicated, and the role of both talking and remaining silent in this process is stressed.

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Liles, Elisabeth Ellena. "Differential effects of a ninth-grade activity friendship group and a ninth-grade talk therapy friendship group on connection to peers, adults, and extracurricular activities." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3355588.

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Obasaju, Mayowa. "Can I Talk to You? Sociopolitical Factors and their Relation to Symptoms and Treatments of Social Anxiety in a Sample of African Americans with Social Anxiety." unrestricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06182009-101014/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009.
Title from file title page. Page Anderson, committee chair; Julia Perilla, Roderick Watts, Leslie Jackson, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 14, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-83).

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Potgieter, Stephan Andries. "Exploring rock climbing discourses." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09302008-125706.

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Breighner, Emily Sara. "A Phase 2 Task Analysis Study of the Process-Experiential Narrative Trauma Retelling Task in a Clinical Sample." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1228229964.

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Wasylyshyn, Christina V. "Individual differences in task switching, executive functioning, and cognition." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Cobun, Emily R. "Nonword Repetition Task to Evaluate Syllable Stress as a Motor Class." Thesis, West Virginia University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10272855.

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Current speech therapy methods and theories are based on generalized motor program (GMP) theory (Schmidt, 1975). GMP theory states a single GMP, or motor program, directs multiple movements of speech (Maas et al., 2008). Additionally, GMP theory asserts these similar muscle movements are part of the same motor class, which allows a GMP to direct performance on novel, untrained patterns of movements (i.e., what is termed “transfer performance”; Chamberlin & Magill, 1992; Schmidt, 1975). Alternatively, movements outside of a learned motor class will be more difficult to perform because a different GMP is controlling these movements. Currently, syllable stress patterns are theorized as the GMP when planning motor speech tasks. This study aims to help clarify the method through which motor speech movements are learned.

Meigh et al. (in press) conducted a study to learn more about speech motor planning. This study found that syllable stress, which was the expected GMP for speech production, did not direct transfer performance on untrained stimuli following training on a speech-like task. Instead, participants encoded speech sound (i.e., phoneme) information during training that influenced transfer results. In Meigh’s study, participants were trained using a speech production task but the testing procedure was not speech-based. Meigh’s results and interpretation may have been impacted by the study design because of the “mismatch” between modes of training and testing in this study. Therefore, the current study replicated and extended Meigh’s experiment using a speech-based training and transfer task.

Twenty-four participants (16 females and 3 males) produced nonsense words (i.e., nonwords) using a motor learning design, which included mass amounts of training followed by an evaluation of performance on untrained stimuli. During training, participants produced different syllable stress patterns while repeating a training list of nonwords. Following training, participants repeated a list of both trained and untrained nonwords that varied in similarity to the trained stimuli. All untrained stimuli varied by motor class (i.e., syllable stress pattern), as well as the phonemes (or sounds). Accuracy of nonword productions were evaluated across transfer stimuli sets, and results revealed participants had learned syllable stress and phoneme information during training. These results align with a GMP theory and Meigh (in press) suggesting that more than one GMP memory representation may be encoded during motor learning.

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Swank, Lauren Elizabeth. "Repairing alliance ruptures in emotionally focused therapy: A preliminary task analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35127.

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Prior research has shown the therapeutic alliance to be positively related to therapeutic outcome in couple therapy (Johnson & Talitman, 2007; Knoblock-Fedders, Pinsoff, & Mann, 2007). It is common for the therapeutic alliance to vary over the course of therapy. Alliance ruptures can be defined as â deteriorations in the relationship between therapist and patientâ (Safran & Muran, 1996, p. 447). If managed successfully, these moments of alliance rupture can positively impact therapy (Safran & Muran, 1996; Sprenkle, Davis, & Lebow, 2009). As a result, researchers have begun to develop models of alliance rupture repair to help further our understanding of how this process is achieved in various therapeutic approaches (Aspland, Llewelyn, Hardy, Barkham, & Stiles, 2008; Binder, Holgerse, & Nielsen, 2008; Safran & Muran, 1996). The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary, discovery-oriented task analysis (Greenberg, 2007) in order to develop a model of alliance rupture repair in Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), a couple therapy approach which encourages emotional reconnection and restructuring of couple interactions developed by Susan Johnson and Les Greenberg (Johnson, 2004). By conducting a thought experiment with four experienced certified EFT therapists, a rational model of alliance rupture repair in EFT was formulated. The rational model was then compared with the analysis of alliance rupture repair sequences during the process of one coupleâ s therapy with a certified EFT therapist to develop a rational-empirical model of alliance rupture repair in EFT. The final model and treatment implications are discussed.
Master of Science

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Sarri, Margarita. "Spatial neglect and extinction : modulations by task, stimulus and prism therapy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445044/.

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Spatial neglect is a multi-component neurological syndrome, with the deficits including losses in awareness, attention and exploration towards the contralesional side of space, most commonly after right-hemisphere stroke. Neglect does not invariably affect just a fixed portion of space, but instead can be modulated by stimulation and task demands, including attentional factors. This thesis examines how aspects of neglect may be modulated by top-down task manipulations or bottom-up stimulus factors or by interventions, such as prism adaptation, that may have potential therapeutic benefit. The experiments show that varying top-down task-demands can substantially modulate neglect as revealed on cancellation measures similar to those commonly used in diagnosis. Specifically I show here that awareness for items towards the left space in cancellation tasks can be significantly modulated by just changing the task goal, and thus by directing the patients top-down attention to different aspects of the same stimulus displays. Prism interventions are found to improve awareness in neglect patients for certain tasks and stimulus types, but not others. Moreover, prism after-effects in neglect patients are found to be much larger when measured by subjective straight-ahead rather than open-loop pointing indices, which may be of importance for future studies of therapeutic impact from prism adapatation. Exploratory anatomical analyses indicate that this impact may also depend on the brain areas lesioned. Finally, using the phenomenon of extinction (a related sign to neglect) as a paradigm case of cross-modal modulation of awareness, the neural correlates of awareness or of unconscious processing were investigated by means of fMRI, in a patient with cross-modal extinction of left touch by right vision that affected perceptual sensitivity itself. This revealed that extinction and awareness do not correlate solely with activation within particular brain regions, but also relate to functional coupling between brain regions. These studies demonstrate various aspects of awareness that can be compromised following brain injury in neglect patients, and some of the factors that can modulate their awareness.

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Renjan, John. "A narrative journey with the homeless youth discovering the impact of economic factors in their discourses of homelessness." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09282007-130211.

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Hall, Courtney D., M. Sesay, and K. Echt. "Cognitive Training and Motor Dual-Task Ability in Older Adults: A Preliminary Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2705.

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Frisk, Lisa, and Marléne Risarv. "Den uppgiftsspecifika träningens påverkan på ADL-förmågan efter stroke : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, lärande och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-84882.

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Aim: The aim with this literature review was to describe how task-specific training effects the ADL-capacity for people affected by stroke within occupational therapy intervention. Method: The data collection was conducted in two databases in medicine and health with a focus on occupational therapy and rehabilitation. The literature search was carried out in the databases CINAHL with full text and Pubmed. The inclusion criteria and quality review resulted in twelve quantitative studies. The studies were analyzed through the three steps regarding study analysis described in Friberg (2017). The analysis ended in five categories which report the result. Results: The results are reported in the categories; The definition and the nature of task-specific training, The context of the intervention and the choice of task or activity, Task-specific training in combination with another measure, The result of the task-specific training's impact on functional ability, The result of the task-specific training's impact on performance capacity. The results showed that task-specific training was defined, performed and combined in different ways in the studies. The task-specific training improved the function of the upper extremity and increased mobility and coordination. The task-specific training improved the participants performance capacity where the occupational performance and self-perceived performance capacity improved. Conclusion: The results showed that task-specific training had a positive impact on ADL-capacity since functional and performance capacity had improved for people affected by stroke. The authors believe that more research is needed on how task-specific training should be carried out as there is currently no constant description of the method. More studies should be conducted where participants exersice in activities.

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Farley, Becky Gwen. "Trunk muscle activity during the simultaneous performance of two voluntary tasks: A trunk task and a pulsed expiration task." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284038.

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Trunk control is intriguing because trunk muscles must meet multiple requirements during the performance of everyday tasks (e.g., balancing, locomotion, musical instrument playing, reaching, trunk bending, vocalizing). A unique feature of trunk muscles is that they often participate in simultaneous trunk movement and breathing-related behaviors. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that two voluntary task-specific muscle activity patterns could combine linearly when both tasks activate the same muscles. Surface electromyograms (EMG) were recorded from four trunk sites (upper and lower lateral abdominal, medial and lateral back) during the performance of a trunk task, pulsed expiration task, and combined task (hunk + pulsed expiration task). The trunk task varied across four experiments, and included a static holding task or a uni-directional movement task in both flexion and extension directions. The expiration task was constant. Selected task variables (lung volume, movement amplitude and duration, expiratory target pressure) were consistent across all tasks. For each EMG site, a linear prediction (predicted EMG trace) was calculated from the mathematical addition of the task-specific EMG recorded during the individual trunk and expiration tasks. This linear prediction was compared to the actual muscle activity recorded during the combined task (measured EMG trace) and a point-to-point correlation was performed on the two traces to determine how closely they matched. Findings showed that in just over half the comparisons, the combined muscle activity pattern (measured EMG trace) was the same as a linear addition of each individual muscle activity pattern (predicted EMG trace). Such linear addition implies that two sets of descending command signals reach motoneuron pools essentially unmodified, and that motoneurons supplying trunk muscles may be specially organized to receive dual and simultaneous voluntary neural drive. In the remaining comparisons, the EMG activity for the two individual tasks, were superimposed, but not linearly. This finding suggests that although individual muscles are activated as a unit, selected muscles may be modified by sensory feedback. This flexibility allows the nervous system to take advantage of a muscles mechanical effectiveness and to adapt to environmental constraints without having to reconfigure or construct a new set of instructions.

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Khazraiyan, Vafadar Amirhossein. "The effect of muscle fatigue on proprioception in an upper limb multijoint task." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66968.

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Proprioception is the awareness of joint position in the space. Any disturbance in performance of this sense, such as that caused by muscular fatigue, may cause instability in the joint and make it susceptible to injury. Therefore our objective was to estimate the extent to which muscular fatigue alters the proprioception of the upper extremity in healthy adult subjects. Eighteen healthy subjects participated in this study. Twelve subjects were assigned to a fatigue group who were asked to do a reaching task while grasping a wooden block. They had to match the block with its corresponding target displayed on a flat screen, in one of three different orientations (vertical and ±30°, 10 repetitions each) with blocked vision. Following this reaching task, the subjects performed a series of resistive movements against an elastic band in order to induce muscular fatigue. The reaching task was then repeated, immediately after the fatiguing exercise. Six other subjects were assigned to the non fatigue group, who performed exactly the same protocol, but without the fatiguing phase. An independent t-test showed a significant difference both in the distribution and in the mean change of endpoint position in the fatigue group compared to the non fatigue group. However, a repeated measure ANOVA revealed no significant change in orientation. In this study, we found that position reproduction ability was greatly changed in the presence of muscular fatigue whereas no difference was found in orientation. The result of this study could serve as a basis for further research on upper limb proprioception and neuromuscular control.
La Proprioception est la perception de la position d'une articulation dans l'espace. Tout trouble au niveau de cette modalité, tel que celui causé par la fatigue musculaire, peut causer de l'instabilité dans l'articulation et la rendre susceptible à une blessure. Par conséquent, notre objectif était d'estimer l'étendue avec laquelle la fatigue musculaire modifie la proprioception du membre supérieur chez des sujets adultes. Douze sujets en bonne santé ont été assignés à un groupe avec fatigue, auquel on avait demandé d'effectuer une tâche d'atteinte en saisissant un bloc de bois. Ils devaient toucher, avec le bloc, une cible de même forme affichée sur un écran plat, dans l'une de trois différentes orientations (vertical et ±30°, 10 répétitions chaque), sans vision. Puis, les sujets devaient exécuter une série de mouvements avec résistance contre un ruban élastique, de façon à induire la fatigue musculaire. Finalement, les sujets répétaient la tâche d'atteinte.Six autres sujets ont été assignés au groupe sans fatigue, qui a suivi le même protocole, mais sans la phase de fatigue. Un test de t a démontré une différence significative dans la distribution et dans le changement moyen de la position finale dans le groupe fatigue comparé au groupe sans fatigue. Cependant, une mesure ANOVA répétée n'a révélé aucun changement significatif pour l'orientation. Dans cette étude, nous avons trouvé que l'habilité de reproduction de la position à été grandement changée en présence de fatigue musculaire alors qu'aucune différence n'à été trouvée pour l'orientation. Le résultat de cette étude pourrait servir de base à des recherches plus approfondies sur la proprioception et le contrôle neuromusculaire du membre supérieur.

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Bejarano, Tatiana. "Neuromuscular Changes in Older Adults during the Lateral Step Task." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1687.

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Older adults may have trouble when performing activities of daily living due to decrease in physical strength and degradation of neuromotor and musculoskeletal function. Motor activation patterns during Lateral Step Down and Step Up from 4-inch and 8-inch step heights was assessed in younger (n=8, 24.4 years) and older adults (n=8, 58.9 years) using joint angle kinematics and electromyography of lower extremity muscles. Ground reaction forces were used to ascertain the loading, stabilization and unloading phases of the tasks. Older adults had an altered muscle activation sequence and significantly longer muscle bursts during loading for the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, bicep femoris, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles of the stationary leg. They also demonstrated a significantly larger swing time (579.1 ms vs. 444.8 ms) during the step down task for the moving leg. The novel data suggests presence of age-related differences in motor coordination during lateral stepping.

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Almajid, Rania. "AGING-RELATED DECREMENTS DURING THE ACTIVITIES OF THE TIMED UP AND GO TEST WHEN COMBINED WITH MOTOR TASK AND VISUAL STIMULATION." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/515845.

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Physical Therapy
Ph.D.
Falls in older adults are linked with increased morbidity and mortality, and remain a major public health concern. Aging is associated with increased reliance on the visual system for postural control, termed “visual dependence”. Discordance between visual, vestibular and proprioceptive sensory information can lead to balance loss and falls. In addition to increased visual dependence (VD), older adults have more difficulty than younger adults in multi-tasking, performing simultaneous tasks (e.g. walk and talk), which may further increase fall risk. A common clinical test of physical function, the Timed Up and Go (TUG), requires the individual to stand from a seated position, walk forward, turn, walk back to the seat, turn and sit back down. Previous studies have explored the effect of multi-tasking during the TUG; however, the role of visual dependence and its interaction with multi-tasking on specific movement components of the TUG has not been deeply explored in the existing literature. The primary goal of this project was to understand the effects of aging and visual dependence on physical function as measured by the TUG. The three aims that guided this work are 1) to examine how aging affects performance metrics and movement components of the TUG (e.g. sit-to-stand, walking, turning, stand-to-sit) when simultaneously performing a motor task with or without with visual stimulation; 2) to examine how visual dependence affects performance metrics and movement components of the TUG when simultaneously performing a motor task with or without visual stimulation; and 3) to determine the effect of wearing a head mounted display (HMD) on performance metrics and movement components of the TUG in older and younger adults. Twelve younger adults (6 males) and sixteen older adults (8 males) participated in this work. They were further classified as sixteen visually independent adults (VI) (9 younger adults, 7 older adults, 9 males) and 12 visually dependent adults (VD) (3 young adults, 9 older adults, 5 males). Participants completed eight conditions: The dependent variables, measured using 6 inertial measurement unit sensors, included spatiotemporal variables of the TUG (total time, sub-component movement times, gait speed, step cadence during turning); three-dimensional peak trunk velocity (PTV) (i.e. around the mediolateral, vertical, and anteroposterior axes); acceleration range and jerk of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit; and multitask cost. Multitask cost reflects the change in the motor behavior that occurs due to high attentional demanding conditions, with the lowest multitask cost reflecting poorer motor performance. The multitask cost was calculated as the percent change of each dependent variable in relation to the single task performance (i.e. TUG with no secondary task) in the third chapter. Our results demonstrated that the wear of HMD has an impact on TUG kinematics, regardless of adding a visual stimulus, more than holding a cup of water. Providing a visual stimulus decreased the PTV in walking and acceleration range in sit-to-stand. Particularly, presenting a visual stimulus in a pitch up rotation decreased the PTV in turning and increased the peak trunk velocity in stand-to-sit when compared to standard TUG. Older adults showed a decrease in the multitask cost (i.e. poorer performance) of turn and sit-to-stand time and the PTV in turning and a lower variability in trunk velocity in turning and sit-to-stand and the acceleration jerk in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit compared to younger adults. Older adults who were visually dependent showed a lower mean and variability in the mediolateral and vertical acceleration range of sit-to-stand than older adults who were visually independent. Our results indicate that the wear of HMD has an impact on posture that should be taken into account in clinical research. Assessing the kinematics in turning and sitting-to-standing could be of a great interest for future studies that would include older adults with functional limitations (e.g. fallers versus non-fallers). Sit-to-stand motion, in particular, can differentiate older adults who are more sensitive to visual stimulation.
Temple University--Theses

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Fuller, Jason. "Biomechanical analysis of posture and movement coordination during a fatiguing, repetitive upper limb task." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104680.

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Repeating an arm movement has been shown to result in complex reorganization in the activity across the arm and the trunk musculature leading to changes in whole body coordination. Yet, the relationship between fatigue, arm movement and postural control is poorly understood. As such, the primary aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of upper limb repetitive motion-fatigue on the control of posture and movement. Three-dimensional whole-body kinematics were recorded as subjects performed a repetitive pointing task between two shoulder height targets. The repetitive reaching task was performed until fatigue was introduced to the upper limb region as indicated by ratings of perceived exertion during the task and later verified using quantitative measures (maximal force output, electromyography signal changes). In addition, we applied stance perturbations in the form of surface translations every minute during the protocol.Kinematic adaptations were observed to occur in the presence of fatigue; these included both global postural measures as well as joint angle and position measures of the arm, shoulder and trunk. These adaptations developed soon after the start of the task. Adaptations also occurred in the temporal domain with significant changes occurring at both the inter- and intra-reach level. These adaptations occurred in multiple directions with predominant adaptations occurring in directions orthogonal to the main movement direction. Despite these changes, the coordination between the postural (CoM) and focal task components (finger trajectory) was unaffected by fatigue, even during the surface translations. However, surface translations induced changes in kinematic characteristics of the arm and trunk, predominantly in the anterior-posterior direction, while changes in the mediolateral kinematic characteristics of the shoulder occurred with fatigue.The findings presented in this thesis support the conclusion that repetitive motion induced arm fatigue leads to both movement and postural adaptations and that the central nervous system (CNS) takes advantage of redundant degrees of freedom by making these adaptations in multiple directions spatially and across various temporal domains. The responses to shoulder fatigue and to postural perturbations occur predominantly in directions orthogonal to each other, and thus minimally interact with each other, suggesting that strategies are consistent with the principle of minimal interaction of motor control.
Il a été démontré que les mouvements répétitifs du bras résultent en une réorganisation complexe de l'activité des muscles du bras et du tronc, amenant des changements de coordination corporelle. Cependant, la relation entre la fatigue et le contrôle des mouvements du bras et de la posture est mal comprise. L'objectif principal de cette thèse était d'investiguer les effets de la fatigue induite par les mouvements répétitifs du membre supérieur sur le contrôle de la posture et du mouvement. La cinématique corporelle tridimensionnelle a été enregistrée alors que les sujets effectuaient une tâche répétitive de pointage entre deux cibles placées à la hauteur de l'épaule. La tâche répétitive de pointage a été effectuée jusqu'à ce que la fatigue soit induite au membre supérieur, telle qu'indiquée par les scores de perception de l'effort durant la tâche et ensuite vérifiée à l'aide de mesures quantitative (force maximale produite, changements dans les signaux électromyographiques). De plus, nous avons appliqué des perturbations à la posture debout sous forme de translation de la surface de sustention chaque minute durant le protocole.Des adaptations cinématiques ont été observées en présence de la fatigue; celles-ci ont inclu des changements de posture globale ainsi que des différences angulaires et positionnelles au bras, à l'épaule et au tronc. Ces changements se sont développés rapidement après le début de la tâche. Les adaptations se sont également produites dans le domaine temporel avec des différences significatives entre les mouvements ainsi que durant chaque mouvement. Ces adaptations ont été apportées dans plusieurs directions, avec les changements prédominants apportés dans les directions orthogonales à la direction principale du mouvement. Malgré ces changements, la coordination entre les composantes posturales (CoM) et focale (trajectoire du doigt) n'a pas été affectée par la fatigue, même durant les translations de la surface. Cependant, celles-ci ont induit des changements dans les caractéristiques cinématiques du bras et du tronc, surtout dans la direction antéropostérieure, alors que les changements dus à la fatigue se sont produits surtout dans la direction médiolatérale.Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse supportent la conclusion que la fatigue induite par les mouvements répétitifs du bras amènent des adaptations de la posture et du mouvement et que le SNC utilise avantageusement la redondance de ses degrés de liberté en effectuant ces adaptations dans plusieurs directions et à travers plusieurs domaines temporels. Les réponses à la fatigue et aux perturbations posturales sont effectuées dans des directions principalement orthogonales l'une de l'autre et donc interagissent minimalement ensemble, suggérant que les stratégies sont cohérentes avec le principe d'interaction minimale du contrôle moteur.

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Leung, Kimberly A. "The effect of distractions on task performance and enjoyment as moderated by regulatory fit." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1602949.

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Every day, distractions keep people from maintaining focus and productivity. Music, in particular, is a distraction that can easily disrupt individuals mentally and physically. However, what if common distractions like music had the power to motivate people towards a goal rather than deter them from it? Regulatory Focus Theory offers an explanation for how this is possible. It posits two motivational foci: promotion and prevention. If individuals are promotion-focused, they seek positive outcomes, and if individuals are prevention-focused, they try to avoid negative outcomes.

The current study tested the assumption that avoiding distractions during goal pursuit matched the behavior of someone with a prevention focus better than someone with a promotion focus and simply being in a prevention focus when completing a task could increase an individual’s task enjoyment and performance when distractions were present. Participants were first given a questionnaire to determine their regulatory focus. Then their task was to solve math problems in the presence or absence of music which served as the distraction. The results of 150 participants did not support the hypotheses and showed that, regardless of whether a distraction was present or not, promotion-focused participants performed better and enjoyed the task more than their prevention-focused counterparts.

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Silsupadol, Patima. "Effects of single- vs. dual-task training on balance performance under dual-task conditions in older adults with balance impairment : A randomized, controlled trial/." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8546.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-96). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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Kong, Jessica Lynn. "The Effect Of Mean Fundamental Frequency Normalization Of Masker Speech For A Speech-In-Speech Recognition Task." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1588949121900459.

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McAlister, Robert Barron Fischman Mark G. "The effects of attentional focus instructions on simulated upper extremity amputees' movement kinematics when learning a novel functional task." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Dissertations/MCALISTER_ROBERT_20.pdf.

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Kriegel, Zoe Kriegel. "Effect of Parkinson Disease on Concurrent Speech and Manual Task Performance." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1529949147133448.

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Ranka, Judy L. "Cognitive strategy application during everyday task performance in men with HIV-1 dementia." University of Sydney, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6617.

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Doctor of Health Sciences
A common and clinically important complication of late stage human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) infection is HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HAND encompasses three syndromes, HIV-associated asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), HIV-1- associated mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), and HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). It is estimated that 30-60% of all HIV-1 infected individuals will have at least mild neurocognitive impairment (MND), and 10-15% of those will develop HAD. Research conducted outside medicine has focused on identifying the type and pattern of neuropsychological impairments present in people with HAND, and to correlate impairments identified from neuropsychological testing with scores on laboratory-based tests of everyday task performance. Typically, the performance of tasks and routines in daily life occurs in naturalistic contexts, and is orchestrated around the achievement of personally meaningful, needed and/or desired performance goals. It requires that one uses cognitive strategies to attend, perceive, remember, decide, plan and act on intentions within real-world contexts. Little is known about the impact of cognitive information processing strategy application impairments on the performance of meaningful tasks and routines carried out by people with HAND in contexts where performance would naturally occur. This research addressed this gap by investigating the real-world impact of information strategy application disorder in a sample of 30 men diagnosed with HAD, the most severe form of HAND. The home contexts of those in the sample consisted of home, supported living and residential care. The criterion-referenced Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform (PRPP) System of Task Analysis was used to identify the level of task performance mastery demonstrated by men in the sample (Stage One), and the information processing strategy application errors that impacted on their performances (Stage Two). The Clinical Staging of AIDS Dementia Complex (CSADC) scale was used to identify the level of severity of HAD. A total of seventy one task performances were assessed across the sample in a variety of naturalistic contexts. None of the men in the sample demonstrated mastery of task performance. The mean Mastery score was 30.07%. The predominant type of error made by men as they performed daily life tasks was Timing; they spent too much time completing tasks. This was followed by errors of Accuracy; they made mistakes in what they did. Descriptive analysis of the PRPP Stage Two scores revealed that these men had difficulties across all domains of information processing strategy application but most notably with Plan Quadrant (Mean 30.75%) and Perceive Quadrant (Mean 53.49%) strategy application behaviours. Rasch calibration of the ordinal PRPP Stage Two strategy application scores produced an interval-level linear hierarchy of information processing strategy application difficulties experienced by the group. Men in the sample demonstrated problems sequencing complex tasks, choosing plans and actions, analysing problems encountered, and monitoring sensory changes during performances. Problems were also identified in their abilities to contextualise their performances to fit within time constraints (Contextualises to Duration), and enact plans in a fluid manner (Flows). Differences in performances between men with mild dementia versus those with moderate/severe dementia identified using a 2 x 4 repeated measures ANOVA carried out on the Rasch-calibrated PRPP Stage Two scores revealed similarities in performance across Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform Quadrants but those with mild dementia performed better overall. Further analyses revealed specific differences in performance between those with mild versus those with moderate/severe dementia. Most striking about the findings was that men at both ends of the dementia spectrum had relatively good Recall Quadrant strategy application capacities (Mean 75.30%). Even those with the lowest total PRPP Stage Two scores, could recognize and use objects, and recall the procedures of known tasks. A statistically significant predictive correlation was found between Plan Quadrant disorders and severity of dementia. This pilot study demonstrated the utility of the PRPP System, a criterion-referenced, occupation-embedded, ecological method of identifying task performance skill and information processing strategy application disorders impacting on performance, for use with people living with HIV/AIDS who have HAD. Identifying the specific impact of information processing strategy application disorders on real-world task performance provides occupational therapists with information necessary to more specifically tailor therapy to the individual performance and participation needs of people with HIV-1-associated dementia.

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47

Suen, Meagan M. C. "The Impact of Executive Function and Loss of Peripheral Vision on Gait Performance| A Dual-Task Comparison between Younger and Older Adults." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10690926.

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Previous studies have linked poor cognitive-motor dual-task performance to increased fall risk in older adults. However, the degree to which cognition and vision influence gait is disputed. The current study investigated the impact of two executive function tasks (working memory versus executive inhibition) and peripheral vision on gait performance during dual-task in healthy younger and older adults. It was hypothesized that there would be an interaction effect between 1) cognitive tasks and age groups, and 2) vision and age groups on overall gait performance interference. It was also hypothesized that there would be a main effect for 3) cognitive tasks, 4) vision, and 5) age groups. Participants performed two separate cognitive tasks (serial subtraction by 3s and a Stroop task) while walking under a normal-vision and peripheral vision-loss condition. Gait parameters were measured under single and dual task conditions. Results showed that the Stroop task produced greater gait interference for all age groups and vision conditions. Also, older adults had greater gait interference compared to younger adults, regardless of the type of concurrent cognitive tasks. Findings from this study can be implemented into fall prevention programs in community-dwelling and clinical populations.

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48

Dolberg, Rebecca. "Task specific focal hand dystonia: Temporal and spatial abnormalities in sensory and motor processing in the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390042.

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Thesis (D.P.T.Sc.)--University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco State University, 2009.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-02, Section: B, page: . Adviser: Nancy N. Byl.

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49

Tempel, Ashley B. "Parent-child interaction therapy the effects of parental attention components on children's verbalizations and attending-to-task behaviors /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10694.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 78 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-59).

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50

Cole, Keith R. "Motor control during a weight-bearing visuomotor task: single- and dual-task motor performance of young and older healthy humans." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5735.

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A broad understanding of motor control has been achieved through research performed on upper extremity reaching, walking on level ground, and static balance. Though invaluable insights have been achieved under these testing paradigms, inherent limitations result in less being known regarding functional movement in weight-bearing. Gait studies require large numbers of consecutive steps to achieve high reliability, static balance is limited to the goal of no movement, and upper extremity reaching lacks insights into feedback from the vestibular system. Here we describe (and provide a supplemental video of) a system for testing and training the performance of a weight-bearing, visuomotor task in the form of a mini-squat according to a sinusoidal trace on a screen. In this work, we determined that by altering both task movement rate and resistance at the knee, a hierarchy of difficulty was achieved at all ages. As age increases, there is a velocity-error tradeoff; speed of movement is attempted to be maintained while error is sacrifieced. When introducing an unexpected force perturbation (rapid release of the resistance of the squat for less than a second), older adults who are least able to match the frequency of the task experience the greatest error and velocity rates during the perturbation. This exposes a possible deficit in the feedback control system of even healthy older adults, where future studies may determine if early intervention to prevent such changes may prevent future injury and disability. When older and younger adults learned to perform the visuomotor task while performing a simultaneous cognitive task, learning was slowed as complexity of the cognitive task increased. In older adults, a difficult cognitive task inhibited acquisition of the squatting task with no apparent improvement in trial error nor coherence. Upon retesting of the motor task, there was no difference between dual-task and single-task trained ability to consolidate the motor task in both age groups, though those that trained under a dual-task condition were more able to automate the motor task as measured by a smaller dual-task cost. This may indicate that dual-task training leads to freeing cognitive resources from attending to a functional movement so that they may attend to other tasks such as what may be happening in the environment. Finally, executive function as measured by the Flanker Test, explained 80% of the variability of final day visuomotor error, being a possible prognostic factor for dual-task interventions. Future directions will determine if increased automaticity of a mini-squat will lead improvement to overall improved functional mobility and reduced lower extremity injuries when functioning in a busy community.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Talk Therapy'

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