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1
Tse, Kam Tim. "Cost and benefits of response mitigation techniques for wind-excited tall buildings /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202009%20TSE.
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Oldfield, Philip. "Tall buildings and sustainability." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12700/.
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The first decade of the 21st Century can easily be labelled the most active in the 125 year history of the tall building typology, with more, and taller, skyscrapers being constructed than at any other time. This boom in construction has coincided with a global recognition for the need to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gases with climate change becoming arguably the greatest challenge of the modern world. In light of this, attention has turned towards the environmental impact of tall buildings which are still seen by many as inherently unsustainable. The year 2008 presented a unique standpoint in global history, as for the first time half the world’s population – some 3.3 billion people – lived in urban areas. According to the United Nations, 193,107 new city dwellers are added to this figure every day, meaning urban populations will nearly double by 2050. Where will these people live, work, play? It is clear the tall building could play a role in this, providing dense sustainable living and compact cities with reduced transportation emissions. However, despite this potential, the majority of tall buildings completed today continue to be designed with too little consideration of environment and sustainability. The importance of improving tall building sustainability then cannot be denied and frenzied research has – and continues to be – undertaken in order to improve their sustainable credentials. Much of the research to date has focussed on reducing the environmental impacts associated with the operation of tall buildings, that is reducing the energy required for (and emissions released from) activities such as space conditioning, lighting, equipment operation, water supply and water heating that occur on a day-to-day basis. Out of this research has emerged numerous tall building proposals and built projects that claim to have significantly reduced operating energy requirements. Whilst these advancements are vital for creating sustainable tall buildings, they are in themselves not enough. Energy is also required, and emissions also released, through the production, transportation and assembly of materials and components into functioning buildings (known as embodied energy / carbon), and little work has been undertaken to establish the importance of these environmental impacts in the high-rise typology. Sustainability is a holistic concept, encompassing economic, social and environmental issues, so clearly the challenge to create truly sustainable tall buildings goes far beyond energy efficiency alone. This thesis then explores sustainability in tall buildings in the broader sense, encompassing environmental, social and economic issues, examining the links between these areas and how changes driven by the influence of one can impact the others. It consists of an Extended Abstract and five published papers which together describe the quest the author has undertaken to identify opportunities and challenges for the creation of more sustainable high-rise architecture. Note: For copyright reasons, only the Extended Abstract document is included here in this online version.
3
Ho, Yin Bon. "Seismic vulnerability assessment of tall buildings with transfer storeys /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202009%20HOY.
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Tang, Un Fong. "Interference effects of wind-excited tall buildings /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202002%20TANG.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-142). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
5
Paulino, Madison Radhames. "Preliminary Design of Tall Buildings." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/239.
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Techniques for preliminary analysis of various tall building systems subjected to lateral loads have been studied herein. Three computer programs written in Matlab® graphical user interface language for use on any personal computer are presented. Two of these programs incorporate interactive graphics. A program called Wall_Frame_2D is introduced for two-dimensional analysis of shear wall-frame interactive structures, using the shear-flexural cantilever analogy. The rigid outrigger approach was utilized to develop a program called Outrigger Program to analyze multi-outrigger braced tall buildings. In addition, a program called Frame Tube was developed which allows analysis of single and quad-bundled framed tube structures. The tube grids are replaced with an equivalent orthotropic plate, and the governing differential equations are solved in closed form. Results for lateral deflections, rotations, and moment, shear, and torque distributions within the various resisting elements are compared against other preliminary and "exact" matrix analysis methods for several examples. SAP2000 was used to obtain "exact" results. The approximate analyses are found to give reasonable results and a fairly good indication of the behavior of the actual structure. These programs are proposed for inclusion in a knowledge-based approach to preliminary tall building design. The tall building design process is outlined and criteria are given for the incorporation of these "Resource Level Knowledge Modules" into an integrated tall building design system.
6
Chok, Kermin 1980. "Lateral systems for tall buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30135.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references.
The advances in three-dimensional structural analysis and computing resources have allowed the efficient and safe design of increasingly taller structures. These structures are the consequence of increasing urban densification and economic viability. The modern skyscraper has and will thus continue to feature prominently in the landscape of urban cities. The trend towards progressively taller structures has demanded a shift from the traditional strength based design approach of buildings to a focus on constraining the overall motion of the structure. Structural engineers have responded to this challenge of lateral control with a myriad of systems that achieve motion control while adhering to the overall architectural vision. An investigation was carried out to understand the behavior of the different lateral systems employed in today's skyscrapers. The investigation examined the structural behavior of the traditional moment frame, the braced frame, the braced frame with outriggers and finally the tubular structure. The advantages and disadvantages of all schemes were explored from both an architectural and structural efficiency standpoint. Prior to the computer modeling of each lateral system, each scheme was understood from an analytical standpoint to both verify computer results and to illustrate the importance of hand calculations. The study repeatedly illustrated that motion was the governing condition and this led to the proposal of an approach for the design of braced frames.
by Kermin Chok.
M.Eng.
7
Wong, Kwok Shing. "Wind-induced interference effects on eccentric tall buildings /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202007%20WONG.
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Chen, Dongsheng. "Vulnerability of tall buildings in hurricanes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ42135.pdf.
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Flint, Graeme. "Fire induced collapse of tall buildings." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1172.
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This research was designed to investigate possible mechanisms that fires could initiate that might lead to collapse of a tall building of similar design to the WTC Towers. It was not designed to be a forensic study and no initial damage was applied to the structure. The effects of fire on long span, truss based floor systems was investigated both locally and globally using finite element models.
10
Bittern, Adam. "Novel smoke control for tall buildings." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25955.
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Buildings are evolving in height, construction materials, use, and compartmental composition at staggering pace. The tall buildings of today are a completely different entity to that of a decade ago with the propensity for change even greater in the immediate future. The advancements in structural engineering have arisen to make possible the increase in height, size and complexity. Forensic analyses of tall building fires have indicated that the needs of modern tall buildings are beyond the scope of applicability of current fire safety codes and engineering practices. The ever increasing heights combined with the limited number of vertical escape routes results in these two components becoming coupled. The considerable time that occupants spend within the stairwells means that for any fire strategy to be successful stairwells must remain smoke and heat free and the entire building structurally sound. Without adequate protection the number and width of stairwells is irrelevant, as smoke-logged stairwells are unusable and the Fire Safety Strategy is therefore void. Reported failure rates for stairwell smoke control systems are extremely high, this implies that safe stairwell tenability levels are currently not guaranteed, thus the cornerstone of contemporary tall building fire safety design may not be valid. This research project investigates current smoke control methods used for the protection of stairs in tall buildings through the review of literature and theory for the methodologies. In understanding the design assumption and actual stresses smoke control systems are subjected to, a novel concept for smoke control will be presented, investigated and developed. It is intended that this work will become a proof of concept, or otherwise for the novel smoke control system. Several conceptual smoke control systems were developed around the following principles; localised solution to minimise under or over pressurisation of the stairwell, performance be independent of fire size, perform under extreme environmental conditions and be effective when protecting a fully open door. Three concepts were investigated using CFD modelling, these being: - Concept 1- vertical perimeter vents to the opening resulting in converging flow field - Concept 2 - concept 1 with the additional horizontal vent - Concept 3 – concept 2 with baffle chamber The preliminary modelling predicted that Concept 3 would provide the most robust solution. The provision of baffles provided stability to the vent flow which contained an area of high pressure within the baffle chamber, relatively to areas adjacent to the baffle chamber, this encouraged smoke flow away from the chamber. It appeared that the effectiveness of the system was a function of baffle flow and pressure load caused by wind and fire characteristics, the larger the pressure load across the door the greater the vent velocity required to limit or prevent smoke flow through the opening. Full-scale experiments were undertaken to prove in principle that the proposed baffle smoke control system can limit the passage of smoke through an opening under generated pressure loads. The experiments did demonstrate in principle the baffle smoke control system could be effective in limiting smoke flow through an open door under the pressure loads tested.
11
Vlassis, Anastasios G. "Progressive collapse assessment of tall buildings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/1342.
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The events of 11 September 2001 have instigated a comprehensive debate among the structural engineering community regarding the performance of tall buildings under extreme loading conditions such as blast, impact or fire. The main issues that have been identified include the dynamic robustness of such buildings, the parameters that could possibly initiate progressive collapse following the extreme event, and the design guidance that needs to be introduced in order for buildings to survive such events and assure life safety of their occupants. Since the structural components of buildings subject to extreme loading events are likely to undergo large inelastic deformations, which can induce excessive ductility demands in the joint regions of the members involved, the behaviour and modelling of joints is discussed in detail. With respect to design recommendations, this thesis proposes a multi-level framework for progressive collapse assessment of building structures subject to sudden column loss, which is the design scenario adopted by most recent guidelines to assess the potential of multi-storey buildings for progressive collapse. The proposed framework offers a rational and practical means for assessing structural robustness at various levels of structural idealisation, it accommodates both simplified and detailed models of the nonlinear structural response, and importantly it moves the debate on structural robustness towards the quantifiable. Application of the new approach is demonstrated with reference to steel-framed composite buildings with partial-strength joints. Furthermore, a methodology is developed, based on the proposed assessment framework for sudden column loss, to consider the impact of floor failure on a lower floor, in order to establish whether this would in fact trigger progressive collapse. Application of this methodology is also illustrated by means of a case study, where consideration is given to a floor grillage system subject to impact of the floor above, and the ability of the impacted floor members to sustain the dynamically induced loads associated with various impact scenarios is thoroughly examined. From the presented application studies, important conclusions are drawn relating to the inherent robustness of steel-framed structures, the factors influencing this robustness, and the adequacy of current regulations for the avoidance of progressive collapse.
12
Coleman, Keith LaMar. "Building optimization : an integrated approach to the design of tall buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38942.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).
There has been much research done on building optimization that deal with the issues within specific individual fields, such as architecture, structural engineering, and construction engineering. However, in practical application these issues must be addressed in a much more holistic manner as building design is becoming much more inclusive. A balance must be made that addresses the constructability and scheduling concerns of the contractor, the enclosure and spatial concerns of the architect, and finally the load-carrying concerns of the structural engineer. What if these issues were considered altogether and integrated more fully into building optimization? These issues and concerns would indubitably result in compromise solutions and tradeoffs that would have to be taken into account. This research will not only investigate and utilize current optimization techniques for the conceptual design of tall buildings, but also introduce a new metric in the dynamic analysis of high rise structures.
by Keith L. Coleman.
M.Eng.
13
Wills, D. J. "Predicting the capital cost of air conditioning installations in high rise commercial buildings." Thesis, [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12222045.
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Wood, Antony. "Tall buildings : search for a new typology." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11486/.
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[N.B. Online version contains abstract and supporting narrative only due to copyright restrictions.] Tall building design, despite 130 years of development, has not advanced to a satisfactory state, especially on environmental/sustainability grounds. Most Tall Buildings historically seem to have been designed as either vertical extrusions of an efficient floor plan (the ‘commercial’ approach), or as stand-alone pieces of high-rise urban ‘sculpture’ (the ‘sculptural-iconic’ approach). In both cases the main relationship with the urban setting is either a commercial or a purely visual one, with the tall building usually dominating. This has led to the syndrome of tall buildings as ‘isolationist’ architecture – stand-alone, non-site specific models that are readily transportable around the cities of the world. This has served to create an alarming homogeneity across global urban centers – a creation of a ‘one size fits all’ skyscraper ‘mush’ which rejects, in some places, thousands of years of local vernacular traditions. This is especially true of cities in developing nations, where to import all things ‘western’ is often to be seen as progressive and modern. Thus the vast majority of tall buildings internationally follow the standard template of the rectilinear, air-conditioned, western ‘box’. In addition, tall buildings have become synonymous with the greatest excesses of energy expenditure – in both embodied construction and operation. Though there are definitely advantages tall buildings can offer, both in creating more sustainable patterns of life through higher density and also through the potential for greater renewable energy generation at height, there is no doubt that in their current form, most tall buildings are energy-profligate. In short then, many of these tall buildings are contributing to the degradation of both the local (cultural) and the global (climate change) around the world. It does not, however, need to be this way. Tall Buildings have the opportunity to reinvent themselves as the typology for a sustainable urban future – focused centers of live, work and recreation with innovative forms, technologies and environments to face the challenges of the future climate-changed world, whilst also contributing to the continuing local culture of a place. This new typology needs be inspired by the cultural, environmental and vernacular traditions of the location. This is important in maintaining the cultural integrity and continuity of any urban domain, but especially in developing countries which are at risk of adopting wholesale western urban models (and mistakes) at the expense of more appropriate local solutions. In short, tall buildings and cities need to be inspired by the specifics of place – physically, culturally and environmentally. This submitted ‘PhD by Publications’ – consisting of a Narrative and six published papers – explain how the author’s research has contributed to this central thesis; the quest for a new typology for tall buildings which are appropriate to the local, the global and the major challenges of the age.
15
Skelton, Ian R. "Innovation in construction techniques for tall buildings." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19637.
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The skyline of many 'world cities' are defined and punctuated by tall buildings. The drivers for such dominant skylines range from land scarcity and social needs; high real estate values; commercial opportunity and corporate demand, through to metropolitan signposting. This fascination with tall buildings started with the patrician families who created the 11th Century skyline of San Gimignano by building seventy tower-houses (some up to 50m tall) as symbols of their wealth and power. This was most famously followed in the late 19th Century with the Manhattan skyline, then Dubai building the world's highest building, then China building some eighty tall buildings completed in the last 5 years, then UK building Europe's highest tower, the Shard and finally back to Dubai, planning a kilometre tall tower, potentially realising Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's 'Impossible Dream' of the 1920's and Frank Lloyd Wright's 1956 'Mile High Illinois'. This ambition to build higher and higher continues to challenge the Architects, Engineers and Builders of tall buildings and is expected to continue into the future. The tall building format is clearly here to stay.
16
Li, Ai. "Estimation of wind-induced dynamic responses of tall buildings of non-ideal mode shapes by time domain analysis." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39004995.
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Aydoğan, Ahu Şengel Deniz. "Residential satisfaction in high-rise buildings applied surveys in Mavişehir project/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/mimarlik/T000424.pdf.
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Law, Joyce Hor Yan. "Towards bioclimatic high-rise buildings : is a bioclimatic design approach appropriate for improving environmental performance of high-rise buildings? /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18966.pdf.
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Salhi, Sana. "Structural modelling of tall buildings using generalized parameters." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66269.
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古國紀 and Kwok-kee Koo. "Analysis of thin walled structures in tall buildings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31230878.
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Koo, Kwok-kee. "Analysis of thin walled structures in tall buildings /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12229234.
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Tazir, Zahra-El-Hayat. "Stochastic response of tall buildings with auxiliary dampers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115043.
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Manrique, A., A. Manrique, J. Saman, S. Rodriguez, and K. Melendez. "Productivity improvement of tower crane in tall buildings." Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651736.
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The tower crane is an electromechanical equipment that is used for the vertical transport of materials in a construction project and together with the two riggers form the work team to carry out this task. One of the main problems in the construction of multifamily buildings corresponds to the use of the tower crane because vertical transport causes non-contributory times, which is, dead times and waits above expectations. This research analyzes the current vertical transport process and proposes its optimization through some management tools with the aim of improving the productivity of the use of the tower crane by reducing non-contributory times. To this end, the productivity of the work team is recorded in several projects with similar characteristics, then the main problems are selected to analyze them and finally the process is optimized. The results determined that non-contributory times can be reduced by 10% if there is an orderly and continuous process.
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Atkinson, Jeremy Charles Harry. "Seismic design of outrigger systems for tall buildings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61271.
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Outrigger systems are an effective structural scheme that is commonly used in high-rise construction to increase stiffness and distribute the moment demand within the core to the exterior columns. Despite the on-going use of outrigger structural systems around the world, a formal seismic design procedure for outrigger system is missing. This thesis presents an equivalent energy-based design procedure (EEDP) to design outrigger systems for seismic applications. Using the concept of an energy balance, elastic single-degree of freedom systems are equated to equivalent nonlinear systems, and plastic mechanisms are used to derive design forces for the outrigger systems. EEDP allows engineers to design the outrigger-wall buildings to achieve different performance objectives at different seismic hazard levels, which is desirable for creating earthquake-resilient buildings. Three prototype outrigger-wall buildings of various heights were designed using the proposed procedure for a hypothetical site in Vancouver, Canada. Detailed finite element models were developed using OpenSees to assess the seismic performance of the prototype buildings. The results of the nonlinear time history analyses show that the prototypes can meet the performance objectives specified during the design procedure. Lastly, incremental dynamic analyses were conducted using the FEMA P695 methodology to quantify the seismic safety of outrigger systems designed using EEDP. The results show that the proposed EEDP is an effective method to design outrigger systems, where the structure can achieve sufficient margin of safety against collapse and satisfy multiple performance objectives at different hazard levels without iteration.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
25
Wise, Robert Bruce. "Technological expressionism in the tall building." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21739.
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Li, Ai, and 李愛. "Estimation of wind-induced dynamic responses of tall buildings of non-ideal mode shapes by time domain analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39004995.
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Zhang, Hexin. "Finite element modelling of transfer plates in tall buildings /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20ZHANG.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 285-293). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Moon, Kyoung-Sun. "Dynamic interrelationship between technology and architecture in tall buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33058.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.Page 230 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-229).
The interrelationship between the technology and architecture of tall buildings is investigated from the emergence of tall buildings in the late 19th century to the present. Through the historical research, a filtering concept is developed - original technology and remedial technology - through which one can clearly understand the interrelationship between the technological evolution and architectural esthetic and further stylistic transition of tall buildings. More desirable visions for the future can be constructed based on this concept. Contemporary design practice of tall buildings is reviewed, and design guidelines are provided for new design trends. Investigated in depth are the behavioral characteristics and design methodology for diagrid structures, which emerge as a new direction in the design of tall buildings with their powerful structural rationale and symbolic architectural expression. Moreover, new technologies for tall building structures and facades are developed for performance enhancement through design integration, and their architectural potentials are explored. Special emphasis is placed on the research on the structural dynamic motion control using double skin facades / distributed tuned mass dampers. Design integration among architecture-related disciplines is emphasized throughout the research process as a means to more effectively overcome or at least minimize contemporary technological limitations and to create architecture of higher quality.
(cont.) While each study makes its own contribution theoretically and in a particular design situation, from a wider viewpoint, the contribution of this thesis is to create more constructive relationships of architecture-related disciplines to produce better architecture through synergistic effects.
by Kyoung-Sun Moon.
Ph.D.
29
Dacanay, Thomas Christian. "Ultra-High Performance Concrete Shear Walls in Tall Buildings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/65161.
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This thesis presents the results of an effort to quantify the implications of using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) for shear walls in tall buildings considering structural efficiency and environmental sustainability. The Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM) was used to simulate the response to failure of concrete shear walls without web steel bar reinforcement under lateral loading and constant axial compressive loading. The structural efficiency of UHPC with simulated compressive strength of f'c = 231 MPa was compared to that of a high-performance concrete (HPC) with f'c = 51.7 MPa simulated compressive strength. UHPC shear walls were found to have equal uncracked stiffness and superior post-cracking capacity at a thickness 58% of the HPC shear wall thickness, and at 59% of the HPC shear wall weight. Next, the environmental sustainability of UHPC with compressive strength f'c = 220-240 MPa was compared to that of an HPC with compressive strength f'c = 49 MPa with a life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach, using SimaPro sustainability software. At a thickness 58% of the HPC shear wall thickness, UHPC shear walls with 0% fiber by volume were found to have an environmental impact 6% to 10% worse than that of HPC shear walls, and UHPC shear walls with 2% fiber by volume were found to have an environmental impact 47% to 58% worse than that of HPC shear walls. The results detailed herein will allow for design guidelines to be developed which take advantage of UHPC response in shear. Additionally, this work may be implemented into topology optimization frameworks that incorporate the potential improvements in structural efficiency and sustainability through using UHPC.Master of Science
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Ghabra, Noura. "Energy efficient strategies for the building envelope of residential tall buildings in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51738/.
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The energy demand in the oil- dependent Gulf countries in general and in Saudi Arabia in particular has been increasing sharply in the last decades as a result of the diversification plans. Tall building construction, associated with many environmental and ecological challenges, played an essential role in these plans, as a mean to attract new economies based on global placemaking and international tourism. The significant use of air conditioning to cool indoor spaces, particularly in residential buildings, accounts for more than half of all energy consumption in the country, and despite governmental efforts, the scattered conservation efforts have been largely ineffective due to factors such as lack of awareness and information, in addition to the limitation of the local energy efficiency building regulations. This research aimed to find and prioritise building envelope design solutions that can reduce high energy consumption and cooling loads while maintaining indoor environment for residential tall buildings in Saudi Arabia. In order to achieve that, a hypothesis of integrating the thermal properties and design parameters of the building envelope as a design strategy for tall buildings envelope were proposed, and to test it, a mixed method approach was followed including literature review, data collection, dynamic building simulations and parametric analysis. The main findings emphasised how combining both the thermal properties and design parameters of the building envelope can be an effective way to achieve energy efficiency in residential tall buildings in the hot climate of Jeddah. Especially in relation to solar heat gains, the highest contributor to cooling loads in this building type. The findings highlighted that while the thermal properties of the wall type can reduce up to 10% of the cooling loads, applying external shading devices can achieve a reduction of up to 30% in solar gains. Moreover, effective consideration of building orientation can significantly reduce cooling loads by 25% and solar gains by 60% for the perimeter zones. Based on this, a set of guidelines that incorporate a comparative tool were introduced to help designers to determine the thermal performance and energy use of a typical residential tall building in the early stages of the building’s design. Which also aim to enhance the effectiveness of the local building codes and energy efficiency regulations in relation to this building type.
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Keskin, Zeynep. "Planning Considerations Of Tall Buildings: Service Core Configuration And Typologies." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615111/index.pdf.
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In general, tall buildings, some of which are termed as &ldquoskyscrapers&rdquo
, are among the typical and almost unavoidable features of the metropolitan cities. There is a competititive race of constructing higher and higher buildings since the birth of the infamous Home Insurance Building in Chicago which is still considered to be the pioneer of the modern tall buildings. Recently, an efficient service core design is strongly needed and inquired with the increase in height and capacity of tall buildings. Such needs and demands are primarily due to the circulation volume of occupants since height has an adverse effect on the size and capacity of the service core. This thesis investigates the features of service cores that play an important role in the planning considerations of tall building design, and their effect on architectural, structural and sustainable design. Within this context, a classification of service cores based on their location in architectural design is proposed.
32
Marshall, John Richard. "A comparative study of analysis techniques for multistory concrete frames." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19035.
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Hui, Jia-qi Philip. "Sky Univer-[CITY] an architectural type of the new millenium urbanism in Shanghai /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31987060.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004.Includes special report study entitled: Basis for tall buildings in the new millenium : a history of skyscrapers evolution and transformation. Also available in print.
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Pieris, Anoma D. (Anoma Darshani). "Tall buildings in Asia : a critique on the high-rise building in Colombo, Shri Lanka." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79021.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-107).
The recent generation of tall buildings in Asia have been appropriated from the West with little adaptation. With no understanding of the forces that have generated this building form, Asia embraces the high-rise as an expression of modernity. The intention of this theses is to examine the instrumental potential for designing vertical and incremental built space, free from the rhetoric of political and economic identities. This thesis proposes a design as a critique of the Asian high rise and as a means to investigate the following : -- the conditions that promote or limit accessibility in the high rise; -- the continuity of public access in urban territory, -- the mitigation of exclusive programs and the design for a range of activities; -- the use of structural systems as intrinsic to the organization of the design; -- the design for potential changeability within this building type.
by Anoma D. Pieris.
M.S.
35
Galaviz, Gonzalez Marco Antonio. "Seismic response of tall buildings using ground motions based on National Building Code Canada 2015." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63552.
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The seismic analysis of tall buildings requires nonlinear analysis in order to determine their behaviour in a more realistic manner. Nonlinear analysis necessitates the input of suitable ground motions records that represent the hazard at the site of the building. Finding appropriate ground motions is an arduous task, mainly because there are not enough records that are compatible with the hazard level prescribed in the codes for the site of the building. Therefore, existing records must be modified somehow to match the target hazard. The National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) provides guidelines for selecting and scaling ground motions to a target spectrum.
This research includes the nonlinear seismic evaluation of a 44-storey concrete building. The structure resembles the characteristics of a typical high-rise in downtown Vancouver. A Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) was performed to determine the governing sources of the site. These seismic sources include crustal, subcrustal and subduction ground motions. The selection and scaling for the three types of earthquakes (crustal, subcrustal and subduction) was performed per the National Building Code Canada 2015. The input of ground motions consisted of 33 pairs of records, 11 of each source. Spectral matching techniques were also employed to match the ground motions to the target spectrum, and the responses between both scaling procedures were compared.
The results showed that the subduction records mainly governed the responses of the building. But the responses from the crustal and subcrustal records were also significant and cannot be discarded. It was observed that spectral matching and the code based scaling procedure generated similar responses. In addition, issues with the Code based scaling procedure were addressed.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Wasef, Abram. "Serviceability-based design of tall buildings subjected to vortex shedding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99626.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-97).
With the increasing rate of population, there is an increase in demand for housing for people and their families. Due to the limited amount of land space, one of the most viable and feasible solutions is increase the number and height of residential and office buildings leading to a requirement of having a special design for these tall buildings. Due to the advancement of technology leading to an increase in the strength of materials used in construction, these types of buildings can be built. This leads to lesser amounts of materials used and resulting in lightweight structures that are flexible. As the height of the buildings increases, these lightweight structures become more flexible making them susceptible to excessive wind-induced motion. Although there are multiple factors that govern serviceability in tall buildings, it has been deduced from the literature, that acceleration is a very important factor, and that as the level of acceleration increases, people become more uncomfortable. Moreover, across wind response caused mainly due to vortex shedding becomes a very important phenomenon that needs to be dealt with, and which also contributes a significant amount of acceleration on the building. Acceleration due to vortex shedding is the focus of this thesis. To determine a solution, information on factors affecting serviceability of tall buildings, how increasing effects of these factors would affect occupants, and how current standards and codes deal with serviceability requirements were obtained. Using this information, a methodology similar to the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) criteria was developed to determine the relationship between these different factors. All of these factors were incorporated in different cost functions and combined together to evaluate the serviceability of tall buildings over their lifetime from an economical perspective. A flexible parametric approach was used to analyze how varying the level of damping, stiffness and the negative effects due to wind-induced acceleration will affect the cost of tall buildings. Moreover, a detailed example was presented to show how the methodology works by analyzing the CAARC Building. Also, the analysis includes varying the location by applying the methodology to three different states to determine how stiffness and damping changed.
by Abram Wasef.
M. Eng.
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Gamaliel, Renard. "Frequency-based response of damped outrigger systems for tall buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43899.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 77).
The outrigger structural system for tall buildings is known to be effective in reducing lateral drift under quasi-static wind loading. Although keeping lateral deflection below the required value is certainly important, it is found that in most tall buildings without supplementary damping, the design for stiffness is usually governed by occupant comfort under lateral acceleration. This thesis describes the concept of incorporating fluid viscous dampers in the outrigger system to add supplementary damping into the structure. A 40-story building installed with the variant outrigger system is analyzed for dynamic response due to wind effects such as buffeting and vortex shedding. By constructing an 80-dof discrete lumped mass model, and using a frequency-based response approach, two configurations of dampers, namely series and parallel damping are studied in detail. The effect of increasing damper size to overall achievable building damping is monitored for both configurations. Additionally, design and constructability issues with regards to the implementation of the systems are discussed.
by Renard Gamaliel.
M.Eng.
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Silbiger, Jason Stahl. "Schematic design of distributed mass damping systems for tall buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89868.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-77).
As new high-rises grow taller and more slender, the design of tall buildings becomes heavily constrained by the control of lateral displacements and accelerations due to dynamic excitations. This has led to the development of motion control devices, such as the Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) and Tuned Liquid Column Damper (TLCD). Contemporary designs implement devices where the dynamic response is the greatest, often at the top of buildings, occupying entire floors and inhibiting the sale of valuable real estate. Conversely, distributed damping is the concept of dividing the dampers into smaller devices that are placed on several floors throughout the building. Although a greater total mass is required, implementing smaller dampers and using less valuable floor area may be advantageous for buildings with a substantial cost variation between floors. This study presents a methodology where the optimal vertical distribution of TMDs and TLCDs is determined based on the footprint and relative cost of each damping scheme. To perform this analysis, the governing equations for a distributed damping system are developed and its response is derived assuming a periodic excitation. Given the structural properties and performance requirements of the building, a one TMD system is designed using the conventional approach. Ranging through several distribution schemes, the damper mass required for each distribution to meet the same acceleration performance as the one TMD system is determined. This mass is used to calculate the damper footprint for TMD and TLCD systems. From the cost distribution of the building, the relative cost of each scheme may be calculated and compared. Depending on the objective of the designer, the minimum damper footprint or minimum cost scheme may be selected as the optimal distribution. The methodology was demonstrated for 60, 80, 100, and 120-story buildings. It was observed that buildings with approximately half of the floors installed with dampers correspond to the minimum footprint scheme, while the minimum cost scheme was dependent on the building's size constraints and cost distribution. For buildings with significant cost variation in upper floors, distributed damping is not only the least cost solution, but also leads to conveniently small devices.
by Jason Stahl Silbiger.
M. Eng.
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Zhang, Yu S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Shear wall layout optimization for conceptual design of tall buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111421.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 105-106).
In the design of tall buildings, the lateral system that resists wind and seismic loading usually dominates the structural engineering effort; therefore, optimal lateral system design is important for material efficiency. In a shear-wall-based building, the conventional design process starts with an architect generating a floor plan, which is then passed to a structural engineer, who, based on knowledge and prior experience, tries to place shear walls to balance conflicting requirements: minimum structural weight, satisfactory structural strength and serviceability, conformity to architectural layout. This design process can be slow and inefficient, requiring a trial-and-error approach that is unlikely to lead to the best solution. The work presented in this thesis intends to accelerate the process with an optimization system involving a ground structure program formulation, a modified evolutionary algorithm, and innovative computational techniques. Unlike existing work that focuses either exclusively on structural performance or architectural layout, this research integrates both. An efficient computational design methodology for shear wall layout in plan is introduced. The method minimizes structural weight with constraints on torsion, flexural strength, shear strength, drift, and openings and accessibility. It can be applied from the very beginning of floor plan design or after generating an architectural floor plan. This thesis demonstrates the potential of this approach through a variety of case studies. Key contributions include a novel application of the ground structure method, a fast and robust modified evolutionary algorithm, and a simplified auto-calculation system for reinforced concrete design.
by Yu Zhang.
S.M. in Transportation
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Svärd, Jenny, and Arezo Partovi. "Global Analysis of Tall Buildings with Tubed Mega Frame Structures." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188938.
Full textAbstract:
Today, tall buildings are generally built with a central core that transfers the loads down to the ground. The central core takes up a large part of the floor space and there is less room for the actual purpose of the building, such as offices and apartments. The consequence of this is also less rental profit. At a certain height of the building, the central core will not alone manage to keep the building stable. Therefore it needs to be connected with outriggers to withstand the horizontal forces. The Tubed Mega Frame system developed by Tyréns is designed without the central core and the purpose is to transfer all the loads to the ground via the perimeter of building, making the structure more stable since the lever arm between the loads is maximized. The system has not yet been used in reality. This thesis aimed at testing the efficiency of the Tubed Mega Frame system against conventional systems for tall buildings. Two different types of the Tubed Mega Frame system were evaluated; TMF Perimeter frame and TMF Mega columns. To begin with, a pre-study was carried out with the purpose of comparing wind deflections and eigenmodes of several conventional systems and Tubed Mega Frame systems. The buildings were modeled in the finite element software ETABS. The Core, outrigger and perimeter frame system performed best compared to the other conventional systems and was therefore chosen as the conventional system to be tested in the main study. A comparison of the Core, outrigger and perimeter frame system and eight different configurations of Tubed Mega Frame systems was carried out for several different building heights as a main study, based on the tall building 432 Park Avenue, New York. The deformations due to wind and seismic loading and eigenmodes were compared. Furthermore, the models were controlled for tension at the base and Pdelta convergence. Overall the TMF Perimeter frame systems had the smallest deflections as the building height was increased and could be increased the most without reaching tension at the base. As the top story height of the buildings was increased, the Tubed Mega Frame systems outperformed the conventional system. For the TMF Perimeter frame system it could be seen that belt walls were more efficient than cross walls, and for the TMF Mega columns the smaller the distance between the belt or cross wall levels was, the less deflection was achieved. The Core, outrigger and perimeter frame system could be increased to 859 m in height before collapse and the Tubed Mega Frame system that performed best – TMF: Perimeter frame single story belt walls – was increased to 1024 m in height until divergence was achieved.
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Krishnan, Swaminathan. "Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Analysis of Tall Irregular Steel Buildings Subject to Strong Ground Motion." Thesis, Pasadena : California Institute of Technology, Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, 2004. http://caltecheerl.library.caltech.edu.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--California Institute of Technology, 2003."September 2003." Includes bibliographical references. EERL report series available at their website: http://caltecheerl.library.caltech.edu.
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Wong, Sin-yan, and 黃倩欣. "Wind effects on a tall building with recessed cavities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196037.
Full textAbstract:
In Hong Kong and other Asian metropolitan cites, high-rise residential buildings become very common. They are highly wind-sensitive, subjected to enormous wind loads at high wind speeds and may exhibit aeroelastic behavior at normal wind speeds. Many residential buildings often have an irregular shape with apartments arranged as wing sections extending from a central core so that all apartments on the floor can enjoy views. Between adjacent building wings are deeply recessed cavities. Most wind loading codes and guidelines assume stagnant flow inside the recessed cavities and wind loads are calculated based on the simplified enveloping building shape.
This research studies how the static and dynamic wind loads on a tall building are modified by the presence of recessed cavities. The H-section tall building, with square enveloping shape, is selected to represent a building with two recessed cavities. A number of these building models with a systematic variation of breadths and depths of the recessed cavities are tested in the wind tunnel. Fluctuating wind forces and moments on the building models are measured and the dynamic building responses are investigated by the HFFB technique. The results show significant reductions in across-wind load fluctuations on the H-section buildings at wind incidence normal to building face with a cavity. Greater reductions are found on the fluctuation levels and the spectral energies at the vortex excitation frequency when the width/depth of the recessed cavities becomes larger. A resonant across-wind response modification factor (RMF) is adopted to quantify the effect on wind-induced dynamic building responses. For the across-wind response at critical wind incidence, the presence of recessed cavities can lead the value of RMF to as low as 0.67, that is reduction of building responses by 33%.
To understand the mechanism of wind load modification caused by the presence of recessed cavities, wind pressure on all faces of the H-section tall buildings including the cavity faces are measured. Correlations of across-wind forces contributed by different building faces are analyzed. A clear quasi-periodic fluctuating component is found on the forces from the two building side faces and they act in phase in the across-wind direction. The across-wind force contributions from side faces of the windward or leeward recessed cavity are generally out-of-phase. As a result, the overall excitation levels of the total across-wind force on the building are reduced due to the presence of recessed cavities.
To complement the wind tunnel study, computational fluid dynamics modeling using large-eddy simulation (LES) is carried out to study the unsteady wind flow around and wind loads on the H-section tall building with the widest and deepest recessed cavities. Furthermore, the two-dimensional (2D) case of smooth flow past 2D H-section cylinders is investigated. Both the LES and 2D experimental results give consistent observations and mechanisms of the effects of recessed cavities on the modification of dynamic wind loads on the tall building as the wind tunnel results. The thesis also reports studies on the effects of upstream terrain types, building heights and building shapes on the wind effects of H-section tall buildings.published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Dafa'Alla, Adil Ahmed. "Turbulent natural convection in a tall closed air cavity." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236699.
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Zhou, QiBin. "Lightning-induced impulse magnetic fields in high-rise buildings." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3290138.
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Wong, Kin Ming. "Evolutionary structural form optimisation for lateral stiffness design of tall buildings /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202007%20WONGK.
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Brand, Vernon Paul. "Computation of flow around tall buildings using a vortex panel method." Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252930.
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Gogan, Paul Clark. "The architecture and planning of a tall building." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53319.
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Ilgin, Huseyin Emre. "A Study On Tall Buildings And Aerodynamic Modifications Against Wind Excitation." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607000/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to create basic design guidance for tall buildings and their aerodynamic modifications as a resource for architects, engineers, developers, and students. It aims to make a contribution to and strengthen particularly the architect’
s understanding of tall building design, that requires a high level of interdisciplinary approach, by providing a broad overview of the tall building with its general concepts
to demonstrate the importance of human element as a critical component in the design of tall building by clarifying the wind forces and resulting movements which cause discomfort to building occupants and create serious serviceability issues
and to show the significance of aerodynamic modifications as an effective design approach in terms of mitigating wind excitation. In order to achieve these purposes, firstly, a comprehensive literature survey, which includes the definition, emergence and historical background, basic planning and design parameters, and lateral load considerations of tall buildings is presented. Following a structural classification of the tall buildings, wind excitation, its negative effects on occupant comfort and serviceabilty issues, and the methods to control wind excitation are studied. Finally, the significance of aerodynamic modifications against wind excitation, which include modifications of building&
#8217
s cross-sectional shape and its corner geometry, sculptured building tops, horizontal and vertical openings through-building, are presented from the scholarship on this topic.
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Kayisoglu, Bengi. "Investigation Of Wind Effects On Tall Buildings Through Wind Tunnel Testing." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613324/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, especially in the crowded city-centers where land prizes have become extremely high, tall buildings with more than 30 floors have started to be designed and constructed in Turkey. On the other hand, the technical improvements have provided the opportunity of design and construction of more slender structures which are influenced by the wind actions more. If the building is flexible, wind can interact with it so the wind induced oscillations can be significantly magnified. In order to analyze the response of such buildings under wind effects, wind tunnel tests are accepted to be the most powerful tool all over the world. In this study, a series of tests were performed in Ankara Wind Tunnel on a model building in the shape of a rectangular prism. For the similitude of flow conditions, passive devices were designed. The response of the model building was measured through a high frequency base balance which was designed specifically for this case study. Through the tests, the effects of turbulence intensity, vortex shedding and wind angle of attack on the response of the building were questioned. Finally, the results were compared with the results of various technical specifications about wind.
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Wang, Yanchun. "Simplified methods for determining dynamic characteristics of tall wall-frame buildings." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323652.
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