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1

Hausman, Nicholas E., Patrick J. Tranel, Dean E. Riechers, and Aaron G. Hager. "Responses of a Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Population Resistant to HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicides to Foliar-Applied Herbicides." Weed Technology 30, no. 1 (2016): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-15-00098.1.

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Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to characterize the response of a waterhemp population from McLean County, IL to foliar-applied 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) –inhibiting herbicides and determine the population's sensitivity to herbicides from other site-of-action groups. In the field, 10 to 15–cm-tall waterhemp treated with mesotrione at 105 g ai ha−1, tembotrione at 92 g ai ha−1, or topromezone at 18 g ai ha−1had significantly greater biomass (≥ 10%) 14 d after treatment (DAT) than waterhemp harvested the day of herbicide application, indicating growth had occurre
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2

Kohrt, Jonathon R., Julie M. Young, Joseph L. Matthews, and Bryan G. Young. "Influence of Nitrogen Status on the Sensitivity of Glyphosate-Resistant and -Susceptible Tall Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)." Weed Science 64, no. 4 (2016): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-16-00051.1.

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Anecdotal observations of improved glyphosate efficacy on glyphosate-resistant (GR) tall waterhemp populations in corn production compared with soybean suggested the presence of nitrogen (N) fertilizer may influence the expression of glyphosate resistance. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of soil-applied nitrogen fertilizer on the growth rate and sensitivity of glyphosate-susceptible (GS) and GR tall waterhemp and Palmer amaranth. The addition of supplemental fertilizer increased the relative growth rate (plant height and shoot volume), number of nodes
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3

McMullan, Patrick M., and Jerry M. Green. "Identification of a Tall Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Biotype Resistant to HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicides, Atrazine, and Thifensulfuron in Iowa." Weed Technology 25, no. 3 (2011): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00150.1.

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Seeds of a putative 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicide–resistant tall waterhemp biotype from Henry County, IA, were collected from a seed corn field in fall 2009 after plants were not controlled following a POST application of mesotrione plus atrazine. The response of this biotype to various herbicide modes of action was evaluated in greenhouse and field tests. Under greenhouse conditions, the suspect biotype showed an eightfold decrease in sensitivity to mesotrione with a 50% control rate of 21 g ha−1compared with 2.7 g ha−1for the susceptible biotype. The biotype
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4

Hedges, Brittany K., Nader Soltani, Darren E. Robinson, David C. Hooker, and Peter H. Sikkema. "Influence of glyphosate/dicamba application rate and timing on the control of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, no. 3 (2019): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0101.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of premixed glyphosate/dicamba application timing and rate on glyphosate-resistant (GR) waterhemp control. Glyphosate/dicamba applied to 5-, 15-, and 25-cm-tall plants, controlled GR waterhemp 81%, 73%, and 61% at 2 wk after application (WAA) and 61%, 68%, and 72% at 8 WAA, respectively.
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5

Schwartz, Lauren M., Jason K. Norsworthy, Bryan G. Young, et al. "Tall Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Seed Production and Retention at Soybean Maturity." Weed Technology 30, no. 1 (2016): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-15-00130.1.

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Two of the most problematicAmaranthusspecies in soybean production today are tall waterhemp and Palmer amaranth. This study determined the percentage of tall waterhemp and Palmer amaranth seed that was retained by the weed at soybean maturity to assess the likelihood of using at-harvest weed seed control tactics for soil seedbank management. Palmer amaranth plants were collected from fields in Arkansas, Tennessee, Illinois, Missouri, and Nebraska, and tall waterhemp plants were collected from fields in Nebraska, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Illinois. Collected plants were assessed for at-harvest w
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6

Nordby, Dawn E., and Robert G. Hartzler. "Influence of corn on common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) growth and fecundity." Weed Science 52, no. 2 (2004): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-03-060r.

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Four experiments were conducted in central Iowa during 2001 and 2002 to determine the effects of weed emergence time and corn row spacing on common waterhemp growth and fecundity. Four common waterhemp emergence cohorts were established in each experiment and corresponded to the VE, V3, V5, and V8 stages of corn grown in rows spaced 38 and 76 cm apart. Common waterhemp mortality averaged 20, 56, 97, and 99% for the first, second, third, and fourth cohorts, respectively. Mean mature common waterhemp height for the first cohort was 140 cm, whereas plants emerging at the V8 corn stage were only 5
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7

Ganie, Zahoor A., Gail Stratman, and Amit J. Jhala. "Response of selected glyphosate-resistant broadleaved weeds to premix of fluthiacet-methyl and mesotrione (Solstice™) applied at two growth stages." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 5 (2015): 861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-429.

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Ganie, Z. A., Stratman, G. and Jhala, A. J. 2015. Response of selected glyphosate-resistant broadleaved weeds to premix of fluthiacet-methyl and mesotrione (Solstice™) applied at two growth stages. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 861–869. A premix of fluthiacet-methyl and mesotrione (1:17.5 ratio) has recently been registered for post-emergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in corn. The objective of this study was to determine the response of glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp, giant ragweed, and kochia to a premix of fluthiacet-methyl and mesotrione when applied to 10- and 20-cm-tall plants. Greenh
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8

Mager, Hank J., Bryan G. Young, and John E. Preece. "Characterization of compensatory weed growth." Weed Science 54, no. 02 (2006): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-05-028r1.1.

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Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate mechanically stimulated compensatory growth response of ivyleaf morningglory, common waterhemp, and giant ragweed. Compensatory growth was initiated by the physical removal of the apical shoot to break apical dominance. The amount of apical shoot removed had an effect on mechanically stimulated compensatory growth of common waterhemp and giant ragweed. With these species, the more of the apical shoot removed from the plant, the less compensatory growth occurred. Removal of the shoot from above the cotyledons resulted in g
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9

Willemse, Christian, Nader Soltani, Lauren Benoit, et al. "Is There a Benefit of Adding Atrazine to HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicides for Control of Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant, Including Group 5-Resistant, Waterhemp in Corn?" Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 7 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n7p21.

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The evolution of multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) waterhemp (resistant to Groups 2, 5, 9, and 14) in Ontario, Canada is challenging for growers. The complementary activity of the co-application of hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides with atrazine has been well documented. The objective of this research was to determine if the addition of atrazine to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides applied postemergence improves their consistency of MHR waterhemp (including Group 5 resistance) in corn. Five field trials were conducted over a two-year
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10

Bauer, Troy A., David A. Mortensen, Gaila Wicks, Thomas A. Hayden, and Alex R. Martin. "Environmental Variability Associated by Economic Thresholds for Soybeans." Weed Science 39, no. 4 (1991): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450008838x.

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Field studies were conducted in 1986, 1987, 1988, and 1989 to determine the stability of crop loss functions across site by year environments. Environment was a significant source of variation for the soybean crop loss function as influenced by velvetleaf, but not as influenced by tall waterhemp and common sunflower. Weed density was a highly significant source of variation for all weed species studied. Regressions between percent soybean seed yield reductions and weed populations were linear. The velvetleaf interference regression equations were divided into two groups, those with high soybea
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11

Tranel, Patrick J., Weilu Jiang, William L. Patzoldt, and Terry R. Wright. "Intraspecific variability of the acetolactate synthase gene." Weed Science 52, no. 2 (2004): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-03-100r.

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Common ragweed and common cocklebur plants were collected at two sites each in Illinois, Minnesota, and Ohio to analyze intraspecific variability of the gene encoding acetolactate synthase (ALS). A 385-nucleotide fragment within the coding sequence ofALSwas compared among 24 plants of each of these two species from the six locations. Common ragweedALSwas highly variable, with polymorphisms observed at 48 (12.5%) of the 385 nucleotides among the 24 plants. Despite the numerous nucleotide polymorphisms, only two inferred amino acid polymorphisms were identified. No apparent population structure
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12

Knezevic, Stevan Z., Avishek Datta, Jon Scott, and Peter J. Porpiglia. "Dose–Response Curves of KIH-485 for Preemergence Weed Control in Corn." Weed Technology 23, no. 1 (2009): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-097.1.

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Field experiments were conducted in Nebraska with the experimental herbicide KIH-485 on soils with three different levels of organic matter (OM) to ascertain a dose response for weed control and corn tolerance. Dose–response curves based on the log-logistic model were used to determine the effective dose that provides 90% weed control (ED90 values) for three grasses (green foxtail, field sandbur, large crabgrass) and two broadleaf weeds (velvetleaf, tall waterhemp). The ED90 values for green foxtail control were 143, 165, and 202 g ai/ha for soils with 1, 2, and 3% OM, respectively at 28 d aft
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13

Donald, William W. "Preemergence Banded Herbicides Followed by Only One Between-Row Mowing Controls Weeds in Corn." Weed Technology 20, no. 1 (2006): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-329r2.1.

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Research was conducted to determine the minimum number of between-row mowings necessary to control annual weeds, chiefly giant foxtail and common waterhemp, without corn yield loss. Over 2 yr in Missouri, the between-row mowing systems that were evaluated consisted of a 38-cm band of PRE atrazine plus metolachlor at 2.2 plus 2.2 kg ai/ha applied over corn grown in 76-cm rows shortly after planting followed by one, two, or three between-row mowings close to the soil surface. Based on rated total weed control, between-row total weed cover, and corn yield, the weed-free check was statistically in
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14

Steckel, Lawrence E., Christy L. Sprague, Edward W. Stoller, and Loyd M. Wax. "Temperature effects on germination of nineAmaranthusspecies." Weed Science 52, no. 2 (2004): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-03-012r.

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Germination of weed seed and time of emergence are greatly affected by temperature. The effects of temperature on seed germination of tumble pigweed, prostrate pigweed, smooth pigweed, Palmer amaranth, Powell amaranth, spiny amaranth, redroot pigweed, common waterhemp, and tall waterhemp were examined under constant and alternating temperature regimens at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 C. Averaged over all temperatures, alternating temperature regimens increased total germination of all species, except Powell amaranth, which germinated similarly under both constant and alternating temperatures.
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15

Meyer, Christopher J., Jason K. Norsworthy, Bryan G. Young, et al. "Herbicide Program Approaches for Managing Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatusandAmaranthus rudis) in Future Soybean-Trait Technologies." Weed Technology 29, no. 4 (2015): 716–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-15-00045.1.

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Herbicide-resistantAmaranthusspp. continue to cause management difficulties in soybean. New soybean technologies under development, including resistance to various combinations of glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, 2,4-D, isoxaflutole, and mesotrione, will make possible the use of additional herbicide sites of action in soybean than is currently available. When this research was conducted, these soybean traits were still regulated and testing herbicide programs with the appropriate soybean genetics in a single experiment was not feasible. Therefore, the effectiveness of various herbicide progra
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16

Aulakh, Jatinder S., P. S. Chahal, and Amit J. Jhala. "Glyphosate-Resistant Weed Control and Soybean Injury in Response to Different PPO-Inhibiting Herbicides." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 2 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n2p1.

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<p>In Nebraska, 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) as well as acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor-resistant weeds occur in many soybean fields where herbicides from these modes-of-action have been frequently used in the past. Currently, the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibitors are the only effective herbicides for POST control of both glyphosate- and ALS-inhibitor-resistant weeds in soybean. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2014 to evaluate the efficacy of PPO-inhibitors applied POST for the control of three glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds and potential
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17

Jeschke, Mark R., Patrick J. Tranel, and A. Lane Rayburn. "DNA content analysis of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and tall waterhemp (A. tuberculatus): implications for hybrid detection." Weed Science 51, no. 1 (2003): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0001:dcaosp]2.0.co;2.

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18

Nandula, Vijay K., Jeffery D. Ray, Daniela N. Ribeiro, Z. Pan, and Krishna N. Reddy. "Glyphosate Resistance in Tall Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) from Mississippi is due to both Altered Target-Site and Nontarget-Site Mechanisms." Weed Science 61, no. 3 (2013): 374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-12-00155.1.

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A tall waterhemp population from Missisippi was suspected to be resistant to glyphosate. Glyphosate dose response experiments resulted in GR50(dose required to reduce plant growth by 50%) values of 1.28 and 0.28 kg ae ha−1glyphosate for the glyphosate-resistant (GR) and -susceptible (GS) populations, respectively, indicating a five-fold resistance. The absorption pattern of14C-glyphosate between the GR and GS populations was similar up to 24 h after treatment (HAT). Thereafter, the susceptible population absorbed more glyphosate (55 and 49% of applied) compared to the resistant population (41
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19

Moshier, Loren J., and Clarence W. Swallow. "Establishing a Weed Nursery with Low Construction Costs and Maintenance Requirements." Weed Technology 2, no. 1 (1988): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0003013x.

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A nursery of economically important weeds in Kansas field crops, representing 15 families, was designed to include 32 species from the Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) class and 16 species from the Liliopsida (monocotyledons) class. Using hydraulically operated equipment, 48 facricated metal cylinders 60 cm in both diameter and length were inserted in 4 h. Cylinders were inserted 40 cm deep on an established turf site and were filled with Muir silt loam collected near Manhattan, KS. Thirty summer annual species, nine perennial species, and one biennial species were transplanted in the spring; and
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20

Crespo, Roberto J., Ana B. Wingeyer, Greg R. Kruger, Chance W. Riggins, Patrick J. Tranel, and Mark L. Bernards. "Multiple-Herbicide Resistance in a 2,4-D–Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Population from Nebraska." Weed Science 65, no. 6 (2017): 743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2017.39.

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A 2,4-D-resistant tall waterhemp population (FS) from Nebraska was evaluated for resistance to other TIR1 auxin receptor herbicides and to herbicides having alternative mechanisms of action using greenhouse bioassays and genetic markers. Atrazine, imazethapyr, lactofen, mesotrione, glufosinate, and glyphosate were applied in a single-dose bioassay, and tissue was collected from marked plants for genetic analysis. The FS population was not injured by atrazine or by imazethapyr. Approximately 50% of the plants survived lactofen and were actively growing 28 d after treatment. The population was s
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21

Trucco, Federico, Mark R. Jeschke, A. Lane Rayburn, and Patrick J. Tranel. "Promiscuity in weedy amaranths: high frequency of female tall waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) × smooth pigweed (A. hybridus) hybridization under field conditions." Weed Science 53, no. 1 (2005): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-04-103r.

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22

Grichar, W. James. "Using Soil-Applied Herbicides in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybeans along the Texas Gulf Coast." Weed Technology 20, no. 3 (2006): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-049r1.1.

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Field studies were conducted at four locations over a 2-year period to evaluate the utility of soil-applied herbicides and glyphosate timing for weed control and soybean yield. Pendimethalin,S-metolachlor plus metribuzin, and flufenacet plus metribuzin were applied pre-emergence (PRE) alone or followed by glyphosate applied early postemergence (EPOST), late postemergence (LPOST), or EPOST plus LPOST. Soil-applied herbicides or glyphosate alone failed to control (<45%) broadleaf signalgrass in 2003 due to late-season rainfall, which accounted for a late flush of growth. In 2004, soil-applied
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23

Küpper, Anita, Ednaldo A. Borgato, Eric L. Patterson, et al. "Multiple Resistance to Glyphosate and Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Identified in Brazil." Weed Science 65, no. 3 (2017): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2017.1.

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Palmer amaranth is native to the United States, but was discovered in 2015 in Brazil. Palmer amaranth populations in Brazil were very difficult to control using glyphosate, which resulted in many changes to standard weed management practices. A genotyping assay was used to confirm that the population detected in Mato Grosso State, Brazil, was correctly identified as Palmer amaranth and that it was not tall waterhemp. Greenhouse dose–response curves and shikimate accumulation assays showed that the Brazilian population was highly resistant to glyphosate, with an LD50 value (3,982 g glyphosate h
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24

Lenssen, A.W. "Biofield and Fungicide Seed Treatment Influences on Soybean Productivity, Seed Quality and Weed Community." Agricultural Journal 8, no. 3 (2013): 138–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34721.

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Soybean production in Iowa USA is among the most productive for rainfed regions in the world. Despite generally having excellent soils, growing season temperatures and rainfall, soybean yields are decreased by weed interference and inadequate available soil water at key stages of crop development. A field study was conducted at two locations in Iowa in 2012 to determine if seed-applied fungicide or biofield treatments influenced weed community, soil volumetric water concentration and soybean yield and quality. Application of biofield treatment resulted in lower density of tall waterhemp densit
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25

Fletcher, Reginald S., and Krishna N. Reddy. "Geographic Information System for Pigweed Distribution in the US Southeast." Weed Technology 32, no. 1 (2018): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.118.

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AbstractIn the southeastern United States, Amaranthus, or pigweed species, have become troublesome weeds in agricultural systems. To implement management strategies for the control of these species, agriculturalists need information on areas affected by pigweeds. Geographic information systems (GIS) afford users the ability to evaluate agricultural issues at local, county, state, national, and global levels. Also, they allow users to combine different layers of geographic information to help them develop strategic plans to solve problems. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in testing fre
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26

Shaw, David R., and Marshall B. Wixson. "Postemergence Combinations of Imazaquin or Imazethapyr by AC 263,222 for Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max)." Weed Science 39, no. 4 (1991): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500088512.

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Field experiments were established to evaluate weed control with AC 263,222 alone and in combination with imazaquin or imazethapyr. Addition of AC 263,222 to either imazaquin or imazethapyr resulted in additive or synergistic increases in control of johnsongrass, pitted morningglory, and entireleaf morningglory. Reducing the rate of imazaquin from 140 to 18 g ai ha−1did not reduce control of johnsongrass or pitted morningglory when AC 263,222 was added at 18 g ai ha−1and above, compared to 140 g ha−1imazaquin alone, through 8 weeks after treatment (WAT). When 9 g ha−1or more AC 263,222 was add
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27

Loux, Mark M., Anthony F. Dobbels, William G. Johnson, and Bryan G. Young. "Effect of Residual Herbicide and Postemergence Application Timing on Weed Control and Yield in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn." Weed Technology 25, no. 1 (2011): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00052.1.

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Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at seven sites in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois to determine the effect of PRE herbicide and POST application timing on weed control and yield of glyphosate-resistant corn. Levels of PRE herbicide included none; low—atrazine; medium—atrazine and metolachlor; and high—atrazine, mesotrione, and metolachlor. Glyphosate was applied POST when corn was 30 cm tall, or 1 or 2 wk later. Common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and giant ragweed infested at least six of the seven sites, and other weed species occurred at two to three sites. Control of weeds at the
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28

Nandula, Vijay K., Darci A. Giacomini, and Jeffery D. Ray. "Resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors is due to a W 574 to L amino acid substitution in the ALS gene of redroot pigweed and tall waterhemp." PLOS ONE 15, no. 6 (2020): e0235394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235394.

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29

Walters, S. Alan, and Bryan G. Young. "Investment Returns for Preemergence Herbicide Use in No-till Pumpkin." HortScience 57, no. 7 (2022): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16565-22.

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Preemergence (PRE) herbicides are an important part of the overall weed management plan in no-till (NT) pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) production. A field evaluation was conducted in an NT production system using PRE herbicides labeled for pumpkins to determine the benefits of specific herbicide combinations and the economic returns on investment associated with their use. The PRE herbicide treatments evaluated were 1) s-metolachlor (1360 g⋅ha–1 a.i.), 2) clomazone (350 g⋅ha–1 a.i.) and ethalfluralin premix (1120 g⋅ha–1 a.i.), 3) s-metolachlor + clomazone and ethalfluralin premix, 4) s-metolachlor +
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30

Legleiter, Travis R., Bryan G. Young, and William G. Johnson. "Influence of Broadcast Spray Nozzle on the Deposition, Absorption, and Efficacy of Dicamba plus Glyphosate on Four Glyphosate-Resistant Dicot Weed Species." Weed Technology 32, no. 2 (2017): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.104.

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AbstractDicamba-resistant soybean technology provides an additional site of action for POST control of herbicide-resistant broadleaf weeds in soybean but also raises concern of off-site movement and damage to sensitive crops in adjacent fields. Dicamba formulations approved for use on dicamba-resistant soybean require applicators to use nozzles producing large droplets to reduce the risk of spray-particle drift. The use of nozzles with relatively larger droplet spectra can reduce herbicide deposition on target weeds, especially if a filtering effect from the crop canopy occurs. Experiments wer
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31

Legleiter, Travis R., Bryan G. Young, and William G. Johnson. "Glyphosate plus 2,4-D Deposition, Absorption, and Efficacy on Glyphosate-Resistant Weed Species as Influenced by Broadcast Spray Nozzle." Weed Technology 32, no. 2 (2017): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.88.

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AbstractThe introduction of 2,4-D–resistant soybean will provide an additional POST herbicide site of action for control of herbicide-resistant broadleaf weeds. The introduction of this technology also brings concern of off-site movement of 2,4-D onto susceptible crops such as sensitive soybean and tomato. The 2,4-D formulation approved for use in 2,4-D–resistant soybean restricts application of the herbicide to nozzles that produce very coarse to ultra-coarse droplet spectrums. The use of larger droplet spectrums for broadcast applications can reduce herbicide deposition onto target weeds and
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32

Kramer, Madison D., and Travis R. Legleiter. "Influence of Broadcast Nozzle Design and Weed Density on Dicamba Plus Glyphosate Deposition, Coverage, and Efficacy in Dicamba-Resistant Soybean." Frontiers in Agronomy 4 (June 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.903669.

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Dicamba injury to sensitive soybean and other broadleaf crops due to drift is a major issue. Dicamba label restrictions have been created to mitigate the off-target movement of dicamba. One restriction is the mandated use of low-drift nozzles to spray dicamba; these nozzles produce large droplet spectrums and minimize the production of driftable fines. Experiments were conducted to evaluate herbicide coverage, deposition, and efficacy as influenced by spray nozzle design and density of waterhemp, goosegrass, and large crabgrass in dicamba-resistant soybean. Dicamba plus glyphosate was applied
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33

Lystad, Alexa L., and Thomas J. Peters. "Ethofumesate Applied at Greater than Labeled Rates Postemergence in Sugarbeet." Weed Technology, July 3, 2023, 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2023.42.

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Abstract Ethofumesate is a broad spectrum, soil-applied herbicide for control of broadleaf and grass weeds in sugarbeet. Ethofumesate is commonly applied preemergence at rates ranging from 1.25 to 4.2 kg ai ha−1, or applied postemergence, up to 0.38 kg ai ha−1. Generic Crop Science has developed a new Ethofumesate 4SC label that increased ethofumesate postemergence rates up to 4.48 kg ha−1 in sugarbeet with more than two true leaves per plant. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate sugarbeet tolerance and herbicide efficacy. Field tolerance experiments ind
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34

Mahendra, Trivedi, Branton Alice, Trivedi Dahryn, and Nayak Gopal. "Biofield and Fungicide Seed Treatment Influences on Soybean Productivity, Seed Quality and Weed Community." Medwelljournals, June 19, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.813777.

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Soybean production in Iowa USA is among the most productive for rainfed regions in the world. Despite generally having excellent soils, growing season temperatures and rainfall, soybean yields are decreased by weed interference and inadequate available soil water at key stages of crop development. A field study was conducted at two locations in Iowa in 2012 to determine if seed-applied fungicide or biofield treatments influenced weed community, soil volumetric water concentration and soybean yield and quality. Application of biofield treatment resulted in lower density of tall waterhemp densit
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35

Murphy, Maxime, Julia Hubert, Ruojing Wang, and Leonardo Galindo-González. "Seed protein biotyping in Amaranthus species: a tool for rapid identification of weedy amaranths of concern." Plant Methods 19, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01116-9.

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Abstract Background The Amaranthus genus contains at least 20 weedy and invasive species, including Amaranthus palmeri (palmer’s amaranth) and Amaranthus tuberculatus (tall waterhemp), two species of regulatory concern in North America, impacting production and yield in crops like corn, soybean and cotton. Amaranthus tuberculatus is regulated in Canada with limited establishment, while current climate models predict a range expansion of A. palmeri impacting crop growing areas in Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba. Since many Amaranthus species are similar in their morphology, especially at the seed
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