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Journal articles on the topic 'Tamil and Indic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Ghosh, Rajib, Partha Pratim Roy, and Prabhat Kumar. "Smart Device Authentication Based on Online Handwritten Script Identification and Word Recognition in Indic Scripts Using Zone-Wise Features." International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 21–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijismd.2018010102.

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Secure authentication is a vital component for device security. The most basic form of authentication is by using passwords. With the evolution of smart devices, selecting stronger and unbreakable passwords have become a challenging task. Such passwords if written in native languages tend to offer improved security since attackers having no knowledge of such scripts finding it hard to crack. This article proposes two zone-wise feature extraction approaches - zone-wise structural and directional (ZSD) and zone-wise slopes of dominant points (ZSDP), to recognize online handwritten script and word in four major Indic scripts - Devanagari, Bengali, Telugu and Tamil. These features have been used separately and in combination in HMM-based platform for recognition purpose. The dimension reduction of the ZSD-ZSDP combination with factor analysis has shown the best performance in all the four scripts. This work can be utilized for setting up the authentication schemes with the Indic scripts' passwords thus rendering it difficult to crack by hackers having no knowledge of such scripts.

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2

Ghosh, Rajib, and Prabhat Kumar. "SVM and HMM Classifier Combination Based Approach for Online Handwritten Indic Character Recognition." Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 200–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213275912666181127124711.

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Background: The growing use of smart hand-held devices in the daily lives of the people urges for the requirement of online handwritten text recognition. Online handwritten text recognition refers to the identification of the handwritten text at the very moment it is written on a digitizing tablet using some pen-like stylus. Several techniques are available for online handwritten text recognition in English, Arabic, Latin, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean scripts. However, limited research is available for Indic scripts. Objective: This article presents a novel approach for online handwritten numeral and character (simple and compound) recognition of three popular Indic scripts - Devanagari, Bengali and Tamil. Methods: The proposed work employs the Zone wise Slopes of Dominant Points (ZSDP) method for feature extraction from the individual characters. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classifiers are used for recognition process. Recognition efficiency is improved by combining the probabilistic outcomes of the SVM and HMM classifiers using Dempster-Shafer theory. The system is trained using separate as well as combined dataset of numerals, simple and compound characters. Results: The performance of the present system is evaluated using large self-generated datasets as well as public datasets. Results obtained from the present work demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms the existing works in this regard. Conclusion: This work will be helpful to carry out researches on online recognition of handwritten character in other Indic scripts as well as recognition of isolated words in various Indic scripts including the scripts used in the present work.

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3

Sproat, Richard. "Brahmi-derived scripts, script layout, and segmental awareness." Written Language and Literacy 9, no. 1 (July 20, 2006): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.9.1.05spr.

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In earlier work (Sproat 2000), I characterized the layout of symbols in a script in terms of a calculus involving two dimensional catenation operators: I claimed that leftwards, rightwards, upwards, downwards and surrounding catenation are sufficient to describe the layout of any script. In the first half of this paper I analyze four Indic alphasyllabaries — Devanagari, Oriya, Kannada and Tamil — in terms of this model. A crucial claim is that despite the complexities of layout in alphasyllabic scripts, they are essentially no different in nature than alphabetic scripts, such as Latin. The second part of the paper explores implications of this view for theories of phonology and human processing of orthography. Apparently problematic is evidence that “phonemic awareness” — the ability for literate speakers to manipulate sounds consciously at the phoneme level — is much stronger with alphabetic scripts, than with alphasyllabaries. But phonemic awareness is not categorically absent for readers of Indic scripts; in general, how aware a reader is of a particular phoneme is related to how that phoneme is rendered in the script. Relevant factors appear to include whether the symbol is written inline, whether it is a diacritic, and whether it is ligatured with another symbol.

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4

Rajarajan, R. K. K. "Sempiternal ‘Pattiṉi’: Archaic Goddess of the Vēṅkai-tree to Avant-garde Acaṉāmpikai." Studia Orientalia Electronica 8, no. 1 (August 21, 2020): 120–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.84803.

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A seal of the Indic culture represents a goddess standing close to a tree and receiving sacrifices. Seven more goddesses, hypothetically the Ēḻukaṉṉimār or Sapta Mātṛkā, are linked with the Tree Goddess. The ancient Tamil Caṅkam literature, the Naṟṟiṇai and Cilappatikāram (c.450 ce), mention a goddess of the vēṅkai tree, the Vēṅkaik-kaṭavuḷ. In Tiṭṭakuṭi in south Ārkkāṭu district is located a temple dedicated to Vaidhyanāthasvāmi, the goddess called Acaṉāmpikai or Vēṅkai-vaṉanāyaki (cf. Dārukavana or Vaiṣṇava divyadeśa-Naimisāraṇya). The presiding goddess of Tiṭṭakuṭi, according to the sthalapurāṇam, based on oral tradition (twelfth to eighteenth centuries), is the “Mistress of the vēṅkai forest”. Alternatively, in Caṅkiliyāṉpāṟai (Tiṇṭukkal district) located in the foothills of Ciṟumalai, the Sañjīvi-parvata (‘hill of medicinal herbs and trees’) associated with Hanūmān of Rāmāyaṇa fame is a centre of folk worship. Recently, scholars claim to have discovered some pictographic inscriptions there resembling the Indic heritage. Several hypaethral temples to Caṅkili-Kaṟuppaṉ (‘The Black One Bound with an Iron Chain’), the Ēḻukaṉṉimār (‘Seven Virgins’), and the [Ārya]-Śāsta (equated with Ayyappaṉ of Śabarimalā) receive worship. On certain occasions, people from the nearby villages congregate to worship the gods and goddesses and undertake periodical and annual festivals. It seems that a “sacred thread” links the archaic traditions of the Indic culture (c.2500 bce) with the contemporary faiths (see Eliade 1960; Brockington 1998; Shulman & Stroumsa 2002) of Tiṭṭakuṭi and Caṅkiliyāṉpāṟai. This article examines the story of the Tree Goddess, the neo-divinity (vampat-teyvam) or numen (cf. Vedic devamātṛ-Aditi), with references to the Caṅkam lore, datable to the third century bce (cf. “Chōḍa Pāḍā Satiyaputo Ketalaputo” in Aśoka’s Girnar Edict; cf. Mookerji 1972: 223), Vēṅkaikkaṭavuḷ, Acaṉāmpikai of Tiṭṭakuṭi, and the Caṅkiliyāṉpāṟai vestiges.

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5

Stafford, Marla Royne, Gopala Ganesh, and Michael G. Luckett. "Perceived Spousal Influence In The Service Decision-Making Process: A Cross Cultural Investigation." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 12, no. 4 (September 8, 2011): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v12i4.5784.

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<span>Although spousal influence in the decision-making process has been investigated in the academic literature, most of the existing research has focused on decision-making for consumer goods. This paper reports the results of a cross-cultural study of consumer decision making for two broad types of services, across three different household samples (US Americans, Indian Tamil US Immigrants, and Indian Tamils living in India). Findings of the study suggest that for both types of services, there is more joint decision making within American US households than in Indian-Tamil households. Joint decision making is least prevalent in Tamil households in India.</span>

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6

Weiss, Richard S. "Early Hindu Sectarian Printed Books: An Analysis of a Tamil Library." Philological Encounters 6, no. 1-2 (July 23, 2021): 154–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-bja10015.

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Abstract On a trip to South India in the early 1850s, the German missionary Karl Graul collected a library of Tamil books. His library contains some of the first books that Tamils edited and published for Tamil audiences. This article analyses the Shaiva and Vaishnava works in this collection, arguing that in this early period of Tamil publishing, Tamil Hindus turned to print in part to counter Christian evangelisation. They edited and published texts previously transmitted on manuscripts, in order to build a corpus of Shaiva and Vaishnava printed books that would challenge the Christian monopoly of Tamil print. The article focuses on the editing activities and institutional affiliations of Tamil Shaiva editors, most importantly the prominent scholar Vedagiri Mudaliyar.

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7

Županov, Ines G. "“I Am a Great Sinner”: Jesuit Missionary Dialogues in Southern India (Sixteenth Century)." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 55, no. 2-3 (2012): 415–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341241.

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AbstractIn this article I look into a Jesuit dialogical and catechetical text—a confession manual—published in Tamil in 1580. Written as instructions for Tamil Catholics and for Jesuit confessors, these kinds of texts were nodal points in which Tamils and missionaries reprocessed their knowledge of each other and established rules for appropriate social interaction and Catholic sociability. My claim is that theConfessionairocaptured and condensed Tamil voices and arguments in a network of Jesuit normative vocabulary and offered a language of self-knowledge expressed in affective vocabulary. A confession manual should not be considered only a strategy for missionary manipulation but also an important tool for the social self-empowerment of the new convert.

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8

K. SELVAM, K. SELVAM, and Dr A. GANESH Dr. A. GANESH. "An Appraisal of Natural Tourist Attractions in Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (June 1, 2012): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/64.

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9

Keane, Elinor. "Tamil." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100304001549.

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Tamil is a Dravidian language spoken by 53 million speakers in India, according to census figures from 1991, predominantly in the state of Tamil Nadu. There are also sizeable communities of Tamil speakers elsewhere, including Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Singapore, in all of which it has the status of a national language. Tamil is diglossic, the formal or ‘literary’ variety still largely conforming to standards set in the thirteenth century by the Tamil grammarian Pavanandi. It is used in almost all written media, and also for certain high-register functions. In all other situations colloquial Tamil is used and is characterized by considerable regional and social variation.

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10

Ballal, Chandish R., Shahid Ali Akbar, Kazutaka Yamada, Aijaz Ahmad Wachkoo, and Richa Varshney. "Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae)." Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58, no. 1 (2018): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2018-0018.

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The present paper provides a checklist of the flower bug families Anthocoridae and Lasiochilidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of India based on literature and newly collected specimens including eleven new records. The Indian fauna of flower bugs is represented by 73 species belonging to 26 genera under eight tribes of two families. Generic transfers of Blaptostethus pluto (Distant, 1910) comb. nov. (from Triphleps pluto Distant, 1910) and Dilasia indica (Muraleedharan, 1978) comb. nov. (from Lasiochilus indica Muraleedharan, 1978) are provided. A lectotype is designated for Blaptostethus pluto. Previous, as well as new, distributional data and bibliographical references for each taxon are included. The following 11 species are recorded from India for the first time: Amphiareus ruficollaris Yamada & Hirowatari, 2003 (Tamil Nadu); Anthocoris dimorphus Zheng, 1984 (Himachal Pradesh); Bilia burma Yasunaga & Yamada, 2016 (Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka); Cardiastethus kathmandu Yamada, 2016 (Uttarakhand); Lippomanus brevicornis Yamada & Hirowatari, 2004 (Karnataka, Mizoram, Tripura); Montandoniola bellatula Yamada, 2007 (Karnataka); Physopleurella armata Poppius, 1909 (Karnataka); P. flava Carayon, 1958 (Karnataka); P. pessoni Carayon, 1956 (Tamil Nadu); Rajburicoris stysi Carpintero & Dellapé, 2008 (Tamil Nadu); and Xylocoris (Proxylocoris) cerealis Yamada & Yasunaga, 2006 (Karnataka). The paper provides synthesis of the regional taxonomical work carried out until now, along with biological notes (habitats, prey types, etc.). The paper will serve as baseline data for future studies on Anthocoridae and Lasiochilidae.

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11

Yoganandan. G, Yoganandan G., Saravanan R. Saravanan. R, Priya N. Priya. N, and Ruby N. Ruby. N. "A Study on Performance Appraisal System in Eid Parry (India) Ltd, Pugalur, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2013/81.

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12

Panakkeel, Maneesh, and Aicha El Alaoui. "Manifestation of Atithi Devo Bhavah maxim on Sri Lankan Tamil refugees treatment in India." Simulacra 3, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/sml.v3i2.8402.

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This study discusses the reflection of Indian’s Athithi Devo Bhava policy towards Sri Lankan Tamil refugees during the hostility staged in the island since 1983. The enduring Indian practices of tolerance and goodwill resulted in following a benevolent policy towards all those who sought asylum. In ancient India, there were four cultural maxims: (1) Matru Devo Bhava, your mother is like God; (2) Pitru Devo Bhava, your father is like God; (3) Acharya Devo Bhava, your teacher is like God, and (4) Athithi Devo Bhava, your guest is like God. The refugee has considered as an Athithi (guest) to the country and treated them as God. India has accorded asylum to more than 25 million people in spite of the absence of strong refugee laws, but the treatment has been given on an ad hoc basis. The study is descriptive in nature. The information was collected from secondary sources. It underlines that the Indian government has been providing accommodation, food, and security to refugees. Subsequently, the services enjoyed by the Indian citizens are extended to refugees. There is a harmony between Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils in language and culture. Tamils in India and the Indian government has treated the refugee as a guest.

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13

R. Kottaimuthu, R. Kottaimuthu, and N. Vasudevan N. Vasudevan. "Rediscovery of Dalbergia coromandeliana Prain from Dindigul Hills, Tamil Nadu, India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2014/11.

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14

Nambiar, G. R., and K. Raveendran. "Frequency and Abundance of Arenicolous Marine Fungi along South Indian Beaches." Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (December 29, 2009): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v2i1.2580.

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Sand buried wood materials were collected from the beaches of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry and screened for marine fungi. A total of 27 arenicolous marine fungi were encountered including 19 Ascomycetes, 1 Basidiomycete and 7 Mitosporic fungi. The present study records the maximum number of arenicolous marine fungi reported so far. Ceriosporopsis capillacea, Dryosphaera tropicalis and Savoryella appendiculata, are new record for Pondicherry, Corollospora colossa and Corollospora indica from Tamil Nadu and Corollospora gracilis from Kerala. Keywords: Arenicolous; Marine fungi; Wood samples; South India. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i1.2580 J. Sci. Res. 2 (1), 138-143 (2010)

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J. Geetha, J. Geetha, and S. Sampath Kumar S. Sampath Kumar. "Open Defecation: Awareness & Practices of Rural Districts of Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/may2014/176.

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16

Bhuyan, Gyaneswar, Dr R. Anandhan Dr. R. Anandhan, and V. kavitha V. kavitha. "Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters in Kedilam River, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 10 (June 1, 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/oct2013/137.

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17

Subramanian, V. S., and C. Damodaran. "Distribution of HLA antigens in Sadhu Chetty of Tamil Nadu, South India." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 53, no. 3 (June 28, 1995): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/53/1995/221.

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18

Lo Giudice, Giuseppe, Thomas Pape, and Pierfilippo Cerretti. "Revision of Malayia Malloch, with the first reports of Rhinophoridae from India and Indonesia (Diptera: Oestroidea)." Fragmenta Entomologica 48, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/fe.2016.161.

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<em>Malayia</em> Malloch, 1926 is revised and a new species, <em>M. indica</em> sp. n., is described and illustrated from a female collected from Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India. The male of <em>M. fuscinervis</em> Malloch, 1926 is described for the first time from material from Malaysia and Philippines, and <em>M. nigripennis</em> Malloch, 1927 is reported from Sumatra, Indonesia. The records from India and Indonesia are new country records for the genus. A key to the three species of Malayia is provided.

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19

Reetz, Dietrich. "In Search of the Collective Self: How Ethnic Group Concepts were Cast through Conflict in Colonial India." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 2 (May 1997): 285–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014311.

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When the concept of Western nationalism travelled to India in the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century it was carried by British officialdom and an increasingly mobile and articulate Indian élite that was educated in English and in the tradition of British society. Not only did it inspire the all-India nationalist movement, but it encouraged regional politics as well, mainly in ethnic and religious terms. Most of today's ethnic and religious movements in South Asia could be traced back to their antecedents before independence. Looking closer at the three major regional movements of pre-independence India, the Pathans, the Sikhs and the Tamils, one finds a striking similarity in patterns of mobilization, conflict and concept irrespective of their association with the national movement (Red Shirt movement of the Pathans, Sikh movement of the Akalis) or independent existence in opposition to Congress (non-Brahmin/Tamil movement)

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20

Kuttikat, Miriam, Anita Vaillancourt, and Michael Massey. "Battered but bold: Sri Lankan Tamil refugee war experiences, camp challenges and resilience." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 14, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-04-2017-0013.

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Purpose The civil war prompted many Tamils to flee Sri Lanka as refugees. Several researchers have documented psychological distress and trauma among Sri Lankan Tamil refugees, but the literature lacks sufficient discussion of resilience among this population. Although Sri Lankan Tamil refugees have experienced conflict and loss, they have also demonstrated positive adaptation following these challenges. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The present study used an ecological approach, in which the effect of the environment on a person is regarded as significant, to explore resilience among Sri Lankan Tamils living in refugee camps in India. Findings Through a qualitative investigation of refugee experiences of war and camp life, the authors developed a conceptual framework for understanding individual and collective resilience among refugees. Research limitations/implications Additionally, the results of this study need to be interpreted with caution because participants were camp refugees, which may limit the applicability of these results with refugees who live in different settings. Practical implications The current research results show that intervention programs should have multiple components, including trauma intervention to address the individual and community psychological and psychiatric effects of war and migration experiences and psychosocial interventions to address individual, family, community dynamics and daily stressors. Social implications The study participants stated that Sri Lankan Tamil refugees are using their resilience traits including will power, positive talk, practical solutions, social support, religion and social networks to remake their broken souls. Originality/value Future studies need to be conducted with other refugee group to validate the findings of the paper.

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21

Kalam, Mohammed A. "Religious conversions in Tamil Nadu (India)." Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs. Journal 10, no. 2 (July 1989): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602008908716126.

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22

Devados, Rajanimal P. "Sports tourism in Tamil Nadu (India)." Journal of Sport & Tourism 3, no. 1 (December 15, 1995): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10295399508718585.

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23

Moses, J. S., C. Balachandran, S. Sandhanam, N. Ratnasamy, S. Thanappan, Johnson Rajaswar, and Dinakar Moses. "Ocular rhinosporidiosis in Tamil Nadu, India." Mycopathologia 111, no. 1 (July 1990): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02277293.

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MURTHY, TANGAPRABHU, and MARY FATIMAH SUBET. "Imej Tebu dalam Peribahasa Tamil: Analisis Semantik Inkuisitif(Sugar Cane images in Tamil Proverbs: A Semantic Inquisitive analysis)." Trends in Undergraduate Research 1, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): f24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.1176.2018.

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Peribahasa dicipta hasil daripada pengamatan masyarakat terhadap keistimewaan alam semula jadi. Peribahasa juga mempunyai makna tersurat dan tersirat. Penggunaannya dapat menggambarkan kehalusan masyrakat berbahasa. Kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengesan kewujudan falsafah dan akal budi masyarakat India dalam penciptaan peribahasa serta mengesan makna sebenar yang ingin dikemukakan dalam peribahasa masyarakat India. Kerangka teori yang digunakan untuk mencapai objektif kajian ini ialah teori semantik inkuisitif oleh Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014). Kajian ini ialah kajian kualitatif. Empat orang informan telah ditemu bual dan 25 data telah diperoleh. Dalam artikel ini, tiga data sahaja yang menggunakan imej tumbuhan tebu akan dibincangkan. Kajian mendapati penciptaan peribahasa masyarakat India amat berkait rapat dengan pengamatan mereka terhadap alam sekitar. Didapati juga, wujud maklumat falsafah dan akal budi masyarakat India dalam penciptaan peribahasa mereka. Makna sebenar yang dihajati juga dapat dirungkai setelah melalui tiga peringkat analisis dalam kaedah semantik inkuisitif. Akhir sekali, kajian sebegini lebih tinggi kesahannya kerana analisis makna menggunakan teori yang berwibawa. Kajian sebegini dapat menghuraikan makna implisit setiap peribahasa yang dicipta sehinggalah ke akal budi penuturnya.Kata kunci: Peribahasa Tamil, semantik, semantik inkuisitif; falsafah dan akal budi penutur

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25

Sivasubramaniyan, K., and S. Rajendran. "MITIGATING DRINKING WATER CRISIS IN TAMIL NADU." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.673.

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India is the fifth largest country in terms of area in the world. It has 3.288 million sq. km. The first four largest countries are: Russia (17.075 m.sq.km); the USA (9.629 m.sq.km); China (9.597 m.sq.km); and Brazil (8.512 m.sq.km). Population wise, India ranks second in the world. As on 18.08.2019 India’s population is 1365.3 million and World population is 7676.6 million (indiastat.com). That is, India has 17.8% of the world population. As far as Tamil Nadu is concerned, its population in 2011 was 72.14 million and it increased to 81.20 million in 2019. As far as the world water resources is concerned, the 29% of land area has one lakh KM3 of fresh water, in which about 60% goes as evaporation annually. The remaining 40%, i.e. 40,000 KM3 goes as run-off by rivers and percolation to groundwater in the world. India’s share is 4% of world supply that is 4000 KM3. It is estimated in India, 51% of precipitation goes as evaporation and the remaining 49% is the annual water resources that is 1953 KM3. This is divided as 1521 KM3 (78%) as surface water and 432 KM3 (22%) as groundwater resource. From this quantum, the annual utilizable water is calculated as 1086 KM3 (690 KM3 as surface water and 396 KM3 as groundwater). However, the present quantity of water use is only 600 KM3 from both surface and groundwater resources. This is only 31% of annual water resources (for details see chart 1). If, available quantity is prudently used India can solve many water related problems.

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Ponradha, K. Arulmeha, and C. B. Nirmala. "Biodiversity of the Microalgal Population in Chettikulam Pond of Tenkasi District, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 1968–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i1/pr200303.

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Ponradha, K. Arulmeha, and C. B. Nirmala. "Biodiversity of the Microalgal Population in Chettikulam Pond of Tenkasi District, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 1968–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i1/pr2003031968-1977.

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S. SAMPATH KUMAR, S. SAMPATH KUMAR, and R. MARUTHAKUTTI R. MARUTHAKUTTI. "Gender Inequity in Child Care- A Special Reference to Rural Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 543–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2014/172.

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29

Rehman, S., N. Natarajan, Mohd Mohandes, and Mahbub Alam. "Latitudinal wind power resource assessment along coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, India." FME Transactions 48, no. 3 (2020): 566–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2003566r.

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30

Kamalakannan, Manokaran, and Paingamadathil Ommer Nameer. "A checklist of mammals of Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 8 (June 26, 2019): 13992–4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4705.11.8.13992-14009.

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A checklist of mammals of Tamil Nadu State is presented in this paper. Accepted English names, scientific binomen, prevalent vernacular names in Tamil, IUCN conservation status, Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act schedules, the appendices in the CITES, endemism, the distribution of species in India, the Western Ghats & plains of Tamil Nadu, and the complete bibliography pertaining to the 132 species of mammals of Tamil Nadu are given.

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ALAGIRISAMY, DARINEE. "The Self-Respect Movement and Tamil Politics of Belonging in Interwar British Malaya, 1929–1939." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 5 (March 6, 2015): 1547–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x14000304.

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AbstractThis article explores ideas of belonging that gained prominence among Indian Tamils in interwar British Malaya by revisiting a transnational dialogue that has been under-represented in the community's history. Through an analysis of the developments that unfolded during and in the decade following Periyar E. V. Ramasamy's first visit to Malaya in 1929, it positions the diaspora within the politics of a reform movement that had a profound impact on Tamil cultural and political consciousness in two colonial societies. Having originated in the former Madras Presidency, the Self-Respect movement entered Malaya at a time when both societies were engulfed in momentous change. Led by the middle class, the movement's subsequent ‘Malayanization’ raised salient questions of political allegiance as it was adapted, challenged, and ultimately reapplied to India in the interest of defending the Tamil homeland. Through an analysis of the contentious loyalties that Malayan Self-Respecters encouraged, and the responses that surfaced in the process, this article will demonstrate that the movement opened up critical new discursive spaces through which the diaspora engaged with its ‘home’ and ‘host’ societies.

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Komal Kumar, N., R. Lakshmi Tulasi, and D. Vigneswari. "Investigating dengue outbreak in Tamil Nadu, India." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp502-507.

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<p><span>Dengue has been indigenous to India in last decade. There was a major outbreak in the state of Tamil Nadu in 2017. Here, we investigate the dengue outbreak in parts of Tamil Nadu, India. Dengue case data were obtained from the hospital records in the Chennai district of Tamil Nadu. The data were analyzed using statistical approaches such as correlation and regression. The result shows that the dengue outbreak in Tamil Nadu during 2017 was due to the population, water stagnation, and sewage, whereas the human activity weren’t the cause of the dengue outbreak which caused 65 deaths. Male constitutes 54.71% whereas female accounted for 45.29% of dengue incidence in Tamil Nadu, majority deaths were children aged less than 10 years due to the outbreak of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). This investigation was evaluated using mathematical regressions, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) regression outperformed Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model in detecting dengue incidence. This investigation can be strengthened by implementing a surveillance system in parts of Tamil Nadu before an outbreak.</span></p>

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Shabbir, Taha, and Kehkashan Naz. "The political development in Sri Lanka after civil war ended: a critical review for after Zarb-e-Azb operation in Pakistan." International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v4i2.110.

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The Sri Lankan civil war began in 1983 and lasted until 2009. The tension stems from Sri Lanka's colonial period and subsequent post-colonial policies that harmed the Tamil people. Without viable alternatives, a part of the Tamil population resorted to the degree of brutality that precipitated a second civil war. Regional, domestic, and global attempts to bring the war to a halt have been futile, though some more local measures have been active. A ruthless military campaign brought the conflict to an end. However, nothing has been done in the aftermath of the war to try to resolve the civil war, including its roots. Sri Lanka's civil war exemplifies the uncertain existence of civil war resolution. With this in mind, the war's conclusion was unquestionably the product of a strategic triumph. However, the civil war should have ended; a unique constellation of structural, state, and national forces collaborated to allow for unrestricted military aggression. As long as the dominant forces, including the United States and significant European countries, understood that enough bloodshed had happened, the country's aggression could be brought to a stop. China and India, with India abstaining, voted to support the Sri Lankan government in its major offensive against insurgents. Internationally, the newly restored government used the full might of the forces against the rebels. As a consequence, those variables are deemed unusable in other situations. Tamil-Sinhala rivalry stretches all the way back to Sri Lanka's colonial period. The Tamil community took advantage of numerous market opportunities under British rule, which lasted from 1815 to 1948. Additionally, many group members attended school in colonial countries owing to a shortage of educational facilities in their home countries. With the exception of a few, the Sinhalese culture, on the other side, maintained its isolation from the British. As could be anticipated, the proportion of Tamils employing in the civil service, academia, and law increased dramatically following Sri Lanka's independence in 1948. Historically, the Sinhalese population has been hesitant to accept pluralism, having collaborated with the British to effect a shift of domination since the 1930s. When Sri Lanka's compulsory adult franchise was expanded to all citizens in 1931, there were no arrangements for minority rights. Tamil and Muslim community members shared discontent in the inconsistency with which their desires are pursued. T was dissatisfied with current political developments, and a large number of Tamils boycotted the elections conducted in compliance with this document. Also immediate liberty was abolished in 1947 by the Soulbury Constitution. The argument that no individual should be discriminated against on the grounds of racial origin or faith, though, proved to be a procedural impediment. Finally, in effect, it established a unitary and majoritarian state.

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Vishnu, Sreedharan Nair, and Chinnasamy Ramesh. "A bifurcated tail in a Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus‎) from the Moyar River Valley, Tamil Nadu, India." Reptiles & Amphibians 28, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i2.15254.

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VIRAKTAMATH, C. A. "Seven new species of the leafhopper genus Tambocerus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent." Zootaxa 3385, no. 1 (July 11, 2012): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3385.1.4.

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Seven new species of the genus Tambocerus Zhang & Webb, Tambocerus acutus sp. nov., T. cholas sp. nov. (both from India:Tamil Nadu), T. daii sp. nov. (India: Kerala), T. furcostylus sp. nov. (India: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu), T. krameri sp. nov. (India,Karnataka; Sri Lanka), T. nilgiris sp. nov. (India: Tamil Nadu) and T. zahniseri sp. nov (India: Karnataka) are described andillustrated. T. viraktamathi Rao is redescribed and illustrated. A key to species of Tambocerus from the Indian subcontinent is also given.

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Chitrapu, Sunitha. "Tamil Takes Centre Stage: Tradition and Modernity in Indian Television." Culture Unbound 10, no. 3 (February 13, 2019): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.2018103353.

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This paper draws attention to the role of language in mediated modernities in India through an analysis of Sirappu Pattimandram (Special Debate), a Tamil-language debate show on the politically-affiliated corporate Sun TV network in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. The show provides an opportunity for the articulation of anxieties over how social and economic changes affect the private lives of Tamil speakers. These anxieties are contained through the use of Tamil-language oratory which recasts quotidian everyday problems in an ancient literary idiom that provides reassurance through imagined continuity with a glorious past.

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Britto, S. John, and Peter V. Bruyns. "Three New Species ofBrachystelmafrom Tamil Nadu, India." Haseltonia 22 (December 2016): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0110.

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38

Khan, J. Mohammed. "Aparthedi attitude of India on Tamil refugees." Clarion- International Multidisciplinary Journal 5, no. 1 (2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2277-937x.2016.00012.5.

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39

Srinivasan, Sharada, and Arjun S. Bedi. "Ensuring Daughter Survival in Tamil Nadu, India." Oxford Development Studies 39, no. 3 (September 2011): 253–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2011.594500.

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Udayakumar, Muthulingam, Muniappan Ayyanar, and Thangavel Sekar. "Angiosperms, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India." Check List 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 037. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.1.37.

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We provide a checklist of Angiosperms along with the details of life form from a ~ 9.6 ha of non-concreted area of Pachaiyappa’s College (PC) campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu state, India. This area harbors 256 species belonging to 212 genera in 71 families. Families with maximum number of species include Fabaceae (31 species) followed by Malvaceae (15), Euphorbiaceae (13), Apocynaceae (12), Acanthaceae and Poaceae (11 each), Bignoniaceae and Rubiaceae (eight each) and Arecaceae, Moraceae, Rutaceae and Verbenaceae (seven each). The surveyed area represents a remnant of tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEF), as a substantial number of species collected in the present study belong exclusively to the Coromandel Coast (CC) TDEFs. PC is still preserving the biodiversity by means of strict rules and regulations enforced for the maintenance of the college premises.

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Hosagouder, V. B., G. R. Archana, and K. Kandavel. "Meliola exacigena sp.nov.from kodaikanal,Tamil Nadu,India." Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation 1, no. 1 (September 13, 2007): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.001.001.009.

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Gokula, Varadharajan, and Ponnusamy Ananth Raj. "Avifauna of Sithery Wetland,Tamil Nadu,India." Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.009.002.002.

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Nithyatharani, R. "Novel fungi from kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu ,India." Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation 4, no. 4 (June 17, 2011): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.004.004.005.

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44

Hosagoudar, V. B., V. Dhivaharan, K. Thiyagesan, and K. Kandavel. "Foliicolous fungi of Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 2, no. 2 (February 26, 2010): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o2056.705-8.

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45

Palot, Muhamed Jafer, and V. P. Soniya. "Odonata from Courtallam, Tamil Nadu, southern India." Zoos' Print Journal 15, no. 7 (June 21, 2000): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.15.7.301-3.

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Vinil, W. Allin. "Manonmaniam Sundaram Pillai To Tamil Literature." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8396.

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Manonmaniam Sundaram Pillai was the famous historical writer in South India. He contributed much to the Tamil literature. His famous writings were Nutrogai vilakkam, Manonmaniam, some Early sovereigns of Travancore and History of Tamil literature. Manonmaniam Sundarampillai had profound knowledge of Tamil literature. During his times people believed that the Aryan civilization was inferior. His view point out that Tamil literature was divine and moral.Manonmaniam Sundarampillai took interest in the study of history and epigraphy. He laid many historical works and visited many places for gathering sources.In his historical findings he mentioned several monnuments are related with Tamil literature and history. His invention of Kollam Era stands even today as a monumental contribution to the chronological historical reflections and interpretations helped Dravidian India. In his historical work scholars got clear information about the findings and literary works.

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Mathew, A. S., M. Grasa Abraham, T. Selvaraj, and B. Jaganathan. "Characterisation and OSL dating of an ancient brick well at Pattaraiperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, India." Materiali in tehnologije 54, no. 6 (December 15, 2020): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2020.042.

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Anandakumar, S., and G. Ramakrishnan. "பழங்குடிகளும் பொது வெளிச்சமூகமும் - ஓர் பார்வை." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i3.3641.

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India has one of the largest concentrations of tribal population in the world after Africa. The Tribal areas of India are mostly sheltered and remote, as a result of it a very little is known about their conditions and problems. The tribes are more compared not only in relation to the general population, but also compared with scheduled caste, the other acknowledged backward social group with constitutional protection. Tamil Nadu is one of the major states of the southern zone in India, consists of important tribal groups. The tribal areas of Tamil Nadu can be broadly divided into two major geographical dimensions such as the eastern coastal line and the mountainous regions of the north and west. The average elevation of the Eastern Ghats is 2000 feet and the highest peak is 6000 feet. This range is not continuous in Tamil Nadu. The Indian Sub-continent, in the Indian geographical area of Tamil Nadu covers about 1, 30,000 sq kms, representing nearly four percent of the total geographical area. There are more than 40 different tribes in Tamil Nadu. Scholars believe that most languages are closely related to Tamil and belong to the Dravidian language family.

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Jayasheelan, M., L. Allwin, and G. Preetha K. Elanchezhyan. "New Host Record of Blossom Midge, Contarinia maculipennis Felt Cecidomyiidae: Diptera in Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd15859.

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S, Sujatha, and Sujitha K. "Physico Chemical Assessment of Bore Water in Muthupet Areas of Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18371.

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