Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tamil and Sinhalese

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Tamil and Sinhalese'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tamil and Sinhalese"

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Peebles, Patrick. "Colonization and Ethnic Conflict in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka." Journal of Asian Studies 49, no. 1 (February 1990): 30–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058432.

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Sri lanka's inability to contain ethnic violence as it escalated from sporadic terrorism to mob violence to civil war in recent years has disheartened observers who had looked to the nation as a success story of social and political development. In retrospect, Sri Lanka lacked effective local institutions to integrate the society, and the Sinhalese elite relied on welfare and preferential policies for the Sinhalese majority to maintain power. These alienated the minorities and resulted in Tamil demands for a separate state. This article documents one of the more intractable areas in which ethnic conflict has arisen, land “colonization.” Both major parties competed for the votes of the Sinhalese, but the creation of agricultural settlements in the undeveloped interior of the island, or colonization, is associated primarily with the United National Party (UNP). During the UNP government of recently retired President Junius Richard Jayewardene (1977–88), both the level of violence and the pace of colonization in the Dry Zone between the Sinhalese and Tamil majority areas increased.
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Singer, Marshall R. "Sri Lanka's Tamil-Sinhalese Ethnic Conflict: Alternative Solutions." Asian Survey 32, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2645364.

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Singer, Marshall R. "Sri Lanka's Tamil-Sinhalese Ethnic Conflict: Alternative Solutions." Asian Survey 32, no. 8 (August 1992): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1992.32.8.00p01932.

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Bonta, Steven. "The dagoba and the gopuram: A semiotic contrastive study of the Sinhalese Buddhist and Tamil Hindu cultures." Semiotica 2020, no. 236-237 (December 16, 2020): 167–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2018-0137.

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AbstractHaving shown previously how a culture type can be given a unitary description in terms of a semiotic “lens” constrained by one of the Peircean Categories (“Shamanic” culture, by Firstness), we apply this methodology to a more “fine-grained” level of analysis, by comparing the Tamil and Sinhalese cultures under the assumption that one of them (Sinhalese) is in fact a “hybrid” culture-sign. Having shown in previous work that the greater South Asian microculture may be characterized as a Firstness of Thirdness (13), in this paper we provide evidence from a variety of semiotic contexts, including language, art, and religion, that the novel or “intrusive” sign in Sinhalese culture is Firstness of Secondness (12), resulting in a hybrid culture sign that may be described as 12 × 13.
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Ratner, Steven R. "Accountability and the Sri Lankan Civil War." American Journal of International Law 106, no. 4 (October 2012): 795–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.106.4.0795.

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Sri Lanka's civil war came to a bloody end in May 2009, with the defeat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) by Sri Lanka's armed forces on a small strip of land in the island's northeast. The conflict, the product of long-standing tensions between Sri Lanka's majority Sinhalese and minority Tamils over the latter's rights and place in society, had begun in the mid-1980s and ebbed and flowed for some twenty-five years, leading to seventy to eighty thousand deaths on both sides. Government repression of Tamil aspirations was matched with ruthless LTTE tactics, including suicide bombings of civilian targets; and for many years the LTTE controlled large parts of northern and eastern Sri Lanka.
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Meyer, Eric. "The break-up of Sri Lanka: the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict." International Affairs 65, no. 3 (1989): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621805.

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T, Vivanantaraca. "Archaeological Fundamentals in Eastern Vader Worship Rituals." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-2 (April 30, 2021): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s231.

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Hunter society is considered as an indigenous population in Sri Lanka and is one of the fewest communities in number. The Hunter community, which has to live in the east with large communities of Tamils, Sinhalese and Tamil speaking Muslims, is losing its cultural identity. However, it continues to study unique cultural performances, as it is not completely free from the traditional tribe slife. The rituals of worship are also important in these performing symmetry, and the article symbolizes the archaeological foundations found in these rituals. These rituals also focus on the methods of stabilizing the hunter sociocultural life.
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Shastri, Amita. "The Material Basis for Separatism: The Tamil Eelam Movement in Sri Lanka." Journal of Asian Studies 49, no. 1 (February 1990): 56–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058433.

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The Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka has aroused increasing international attention. The demands of the Sri Lankan Tamil ethnoregional movement for greater independence from the Sinhalese-dominated center developed through various stages into a call for a separate state in the mid-1970s. This was followed by an increase in the use of organized violence by both sides in the conflict. Most recently, the continued resistance of core Tamil militants to Indian attempts to institute a solution within a united SriLanka has emphasized the independent indigenous roots and powerful motivating vision of the call for a separate state.
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De Silva, W. I. "Relationships of desire for no more children and socioeconomic and demographic factors in Sri Lankan women." Journal of Biosocial Science 24, no. 2 (April 1992): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000019726.

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SummaryData from the 1982 Sri Lanka Contraceptive Prevalence Survey are used to identify women who wish to stop childbearing; they differ in socioeconomic status from their counterparts who want more children. Educated women are more likely to be motivated to cease childbearing than non-educated women; Christian or Sinhalese/Buddhist women are more willing to stop childbearing than Moor/Muslim or Tamil/Hindu women. The relationships between sex composition of existing children and women's fertility desires indicate that although moderate son preference exists it does not affect their contraceptive behaviour. Among those who want no more children, 15% are at risk of unwanted pregnancy because they do not practise contraception. Again better education and being Christian or Sinhalese/Buddhist reduced the risk of unwanted pregnancy. Women whose husbands disapproved of contraception had over four times higher risk of unwanted pregnancy than women whose husbands approved.
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Shabbir, Taha, and Kehkashan Naz. "The political development in Sri Lanka after civil war ended: a critical review for after Zarb-e-Azb operation in Pakistan." International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v4i2.110.

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The Sri Lankan civil war began in 1983 and lasted until 2009. The tension stems from Sri Lanka's colonial period and subsequent post-colonial policies that harmed the Tamil people. Without viable alternatives, a part of the Tamil population resorted to the degree of brutality that precipitated a second civil war. Regional, domestic, and global attempts to bring the war to a halt have been futile, though some more local measures have been active. A ruthless military campaign brought the conflict to an end. However, nothing has been done in the aftermath of the war to try to resolve the civil war, including its roots. Sri Lanka's civil war exemplifies the uncertain existence of civil war resolution. With this in mind, the war's conclusion was unquestionably the product of a strategic triumph. However, the civil war should have ended; a unique constellation of structural, state, and national forces collaborated to allow for unrestricted military aggression. As long as the dominant forces, including the United States and significant European countries, understood that enough bloodshed had happened, the country's aggression could be brought to a stop. China and India, with India abstaining, voted to support the Sri Lankan government in its major offensive against insurgents. Internationally, the newly restored government used the full might of the forces against the rebels. As a consequence, those variables are deemed unusable in other situations. Tamil-Sinhala rivalry stretches all the way back to Sri Lanka's colonial period. The Tamil community took advantage of numerous market opportunities under British rule, which lasted from 1815 to 1948. Additionally, many group members attended school in colonial countries owing to a shortage of educational facilities in their home countries. With the exception of a few, the Sinhalese culture, on the other side, maintained its isolation from the British. As could be anticipated, the proportion of Tamils employing in the civil service, academia, and law increased dramatically following Sri Lanka's independence in 1948. Historically, the Sinhalese population has been hesitant to accept pluralism, having collaborated with the British to effect a shift of domination since the 1930s. When Sri Lanka's compulsory adult franchise was expanded to all citizens in 1931, there were no arrangements for minority rights. Tamil and Muslim community members shared discontent in the inconsistency with which their desires are pursued. T was dissatisfied with current political developments, and a large number of Tamils boycotted the elections conducted in compliance with this document. Also immediate liberty was abolished in 1947 by the Soulbury Constitution. The argument that no individual should be discriminated against on the grounds of racial origin or faith, though, proved to be a procedural impediment. Finally, in effect, it established a unitary and majoritarian state.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tamil and Sinhalese"

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Zunzer, Wolfram. "Diaspora Communities and Civil Conflict Transformation." Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4186.

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This working paper deals with the nexus of diaspora communities living in European host countries, specifically in Germany, and the transformation of protracted violent conflicts in a number of home countries, including Sri Lanka, Cyprus, Somalia and Afghanistan. Firstly, the political and social role and importance of diaspora communities vis-à-vis their home and host countries is discussed, given the fact that the majority of immigrants to Germany, as well as to many other European countries, over the last ten years have come from countries with protracted civil wars and have thus had to apply for refugee or asylum status. One guiding question, then, is to what extent these groups can contribute politically and economically to supporting conflict transformation in their countries of origin. Secondly, the role and potentials of diaspora communities originating from countries with protracted violent conflicts for fostering conflict transformation activities are outlined. Thirdly, the current conflict situation in Sri Lanka is analyzed and a detailed overview of the structures and key organizations of the Tamil and Sinhalese diaspora worldwide is given. The structural potentials and levels for constructive intervention for working on conflict in Sri Lanka through the diasporas are then described. Fourthly, the socio-political roles of diaspora communities originating from Cyprus, Palestine, Somalia and Afghanistan for peacebuilding and rehabilitation in their home countries are discussed. The article finishes by drawing two conclusions. Firstly, it recommends the further development of domestic migration policies in Europe in light of current global challenges. Secondly, it points out that changes in foreign and development policies are crucial to make better use of the immense potential of diaspora communities for conflict transformation initiatives and development activities in their home countries. How this can best be achieved in practice should be clarified further through intensified action research and the launch of more pilot projects.
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Faff, R. W., X. Shao, F. Alqahtani, M. Atif, A. Bialek-Jaworska, A. Chen, G. Duppati, et al. "Increasing the discoverability on non-English language research papers: a reverse-engineering application of the pitching research template." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16815.

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Discoverability or visibility is a challenge that faces all researchers worldwide – with an ever increasing supply of good research entering the scholarly marketplace; this challenge is only becoming intensified as time passes. The global language of scholarly research is English and so the obstacle of getting noticed is magnified manyfold when the article is not written in the English language. Indeed, despite rapid advances in technology, the “tyranny of language” creates a segmentation inhibiting scholarly research and innovation generally. Mass translation of non-English language articles is neither feasible nor desirable. Our paper proposes a strategy for remedying this segmentation – such that, the work of non-English language scholars become more discoverable. The core piece of this strategy is a “reverse-engineering” [RE] application of Faff’s (2015, 2017) “pitching research” template. More specifically, we provide translated versions of the “cued” template across THIRTY THREE different languages: (1) Arabic; (2) Chinese; (3) Dutch; (4) French; (5) Greek; (6) Hindi; (7) Indonesian; (8) Japanese; (9) Korean; (10) Lao; (11) Norwegian; (12) Polish; (13) Portuguese; (14) Romanian; (15) Russian; (16) Sinhalese; (17) Spanish; (18) Tamil; (19) Thai; (20) Urdu; (21) Vietnamese; (22) Myanmar; (23) German; (24) Persian; (25) Bengali; (26) Filipino; (27) Italian; (28) Afrikaans; (29) Khmer (Cambodia); (30) Danish; (31) Finnish; (32) Hebrew; (33) Turkish. Further, we showcase illustrative dual language examples of the RE strategy for the Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese and French cases.
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Faff, R., X. Shao, F. Alqahtani, M. Atif, A. Bialek-Jaworska, A. Chen, G. Duppati, et al. "Pitching non-English language research: a dual-language application of the Pitching Research Framework." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16806.

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Yes
The global language of scholarly research is English and so the obstacle of getting noticed is montainous when the article is not written in the English language. Indeed, despite rapid advances in technology, the “tyranny of language” creates a segmentation inhibiting scholarly research and innovation generally. Mass translation of non-English language articles is neither feasible nor desirable. Our paper proposes a strategy for remedying this segmentation – such that, the work of non-English language scholars become more discoverable. The core piece of this strategy is a “reverse-engineering” [RE] application of Faff’s (2015, 2017a) “pitching research” template. More specifically, we provide access to translated versions of the “cued” template across thirty-three different languages, and most notably for this journal, including the Romanian and French languages. Further, we showcase an illustrative dual language French-English example.
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Books on the topic "Tamil and Sinhalese"

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Padmiṇī, Vīrasiṃha Candrā, ed. Godage English-Sinhala-Tamil dictionary =: Goḍagē Iṅgrīsi-Siṃhalạ-Demaḷa śabdakōśaya = Koṭakē Āṅkilam-Ciṅkaḷam-Tamil̲ akarāti. Koḷamba: Ăs. Goḍagē saha Sahōdarayō, 2007.

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Karuṇātilaka, Ḍabliv Es. Tamil̲-Ciṅkaḷa akarāti. Colombo: Kodage Brothers, 2012.

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The break-up of Sri Lanka: The Sinhalese-Tamil conflict. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988.

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Wilson, A. Jeyaratnam. The break-up of Sri Lanka: The Sinhalese-Tamil conflict. London: C. Hurst, 1988.

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5

Ramesh, Subathini. A contrastive study of nominalization in Tamil and Sinhala. Colombo: Kumaran Book House, 2009.

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A contrastive study of nominalization in Tamil and Sinhala. Colombo: Kumaran Book House, 2009.

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Ramesh, Subathini. A contrastive study of nominalization in Tamil and Sinhala. Colombo: Kumaran Book House, 2009.

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Ramesh, Subathini. A contrastive study of nominalization in Tamil and Sinhala. Colombo: Kumaran Book House, 2009.

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Ancient Ceylon: Sinhala Tamil coordination. Nugegoda: Prabath Tharindranatha Edirisinghe, 2006.

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Rajasuriar, G. K. The history of the Tamils and the Sinhalese of Sri Lanka. [Australia: s.n., 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tamil and Sinhalese"

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Frerks, Georg. "The Female Tigers of Sri Lanka." In Perpetrators of International Crimes, 208–23. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829997.003.0012.

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This chapter discusses the motives and legitimation of female cadres of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) joining the fight against the Sri Lankan government. Tamil young women were, among others, motivated by grievances against the treatment of the Tamil minority by the government, their experience of sexual and gender-based violence by Sinhalese soldiers and Indian peacekeepers, and a wish to avenge the death of relatives. They also wanted to escape a suppressive and conservative Tamil culture that forced them into arranged marriages. The heroism and sacrificial martyrdom cultivated by the LTTE legitimized these women’s combat role among the Tamils in Northern and North-eastern Sri Lanka who admired their courage. Different societal and theoretical discourses exist concerning the supposedly victimizing, liberating, or empowering effects of female participation in armed struggle, but the situation in reality appears to be ambivalent, including both victimhood and emancipation.
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Welikala, Asanga. "Sri Lanka’s Failed Peace Process and the Continuing Challenge of Ethno-Territorial Cleavages." In Territory and Power in Constitutional Transitions, 255–74. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836544.003.0014.

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This chapter examines why the peace process in Sri Lanka failed to find a constitutional settlement for the country’s ethno-territorial cleavage, and even enthroned a government hostile to Tamil aspirations for regional autonomy. It first provides a historical background on the ethnic division between Sinhalese and Tamils before turning to the period of constitutional engagement in Sri Lanka, focusing in particular on the Norwegian-facilitated peace process between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and highlighting its various weaknesses as a model of conflict transformation and constitutional transition. The chapter also analyzes the outcomes of the peace process and the lessons that can be drawn from it. Two features of Sri Lanka’s political culture that became evident in the failure of the peace negotiations are identified: the hyper-competitive nature of party politics and the elitism of constitutional politics.
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Perera, Gamage Harsha, and Tim B. Swartz. "Murali and Sanga." In More than Cricket and Football, 186–203. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496809889.003.0010.

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This chapter examines two cricket stars from the small island nation of Sri Lanka: bowler Muttiah Muralitharan, aka Murali, who led his team to a World Cup title in 1993, and batsman Kumar Sangakkara (aka Sanga). National icons of rivalrous ethnic cultures, the Tamil and the Sinhalese, during a bloody period of civil war, they came to embody cricket-mad Sri Lanka.
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"Intractable Ethnic War?: The Tamil-Sinhalese Conflict In Sri Lanka." In Understanding Ethnic Conflict, 195–227. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315662343-12.

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McCarthy, Angela, and T. M. Devine. "The rise and fall of ‘King Coffee’." In Tea and Empire. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526119056.003.0003.

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James Taylor’s eventual fame undeniably came from his achievements as a tea planter. Yet, for several years, cultivating coffee, the main enterprise in Ceylon during his early years on the island, was his prime responsibility. The first sections of this chapter describe the broad context of the coffee industry, before focusing on Taylor’s role within it. Our analysis includes the importance of the West Indian connection, Ceylon’s plantation labour force (both Tamil and Sinhalese), the devastating coffee leaf disease, and innovations in manuring, pruning, and engineering and surveying.
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McCarthy, Angela, and T. M. Devine. "Cross-cultural contact." In Tea and Empire. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526119056.003.0007.

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From his first arrival in Ceylon, James Taylor showed awareness of the ethnic diversity of the population, especially Tamil and Sinhalese estate labour. This chapter examines his impressions of the workforce and those of other peoples whom he encountered during his four decades in Ceylon. Particular attention is given to his perceptions at the time of the Indian ‘Mutiny’ and his graphic testimony of that event. His opinions are not treated in a vacuum but within the broader context of nineteenth-century racial thought. The chapter concludes with a tantalising account of his intimate interracial encounters.
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Davis, Christina P. "Tamil Speech and Ethnic Conflict in Public Spaces." In The Struggle for a Multilingual Future, 124–45. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190947484.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 investigates the performative force of speaking Tamil in public spaces in Kandy and Colombo. It shows how Tamils used Sinhala and avoided Tamil to conceal or mitigate their ethnic identity. This chapter further analyzes the ideological weight of Tamil by looking at Sinhalas’ Tamil-as-a-second-language (TSL) practices at training programs administrators and police officers, as well as at a peacebuilding NGO that promotes trilingual communication. TSL classes provide a sphere of practice in which Sinhalas could comfortably speak Tamil, but on the street their use of Tamil was fraught because of its ideological association with Tamil ethnic identity and because it was perceived as a threat to the dominance of Sinhala. When Sinhala members of the NGO spoke Tamil, they used a mocking variety that reinforced negative stereotypes about Tamil people. This chapter demonstrates how ideologies and practices around speaking Tamil reflect and produce ethnic divisions.
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"IDENTITY ISSUES OF SINHALAS AND TAMILS." In Buddhism, Conflict and Violence in Modern Sri Lanka, 179–92. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203007365-19.

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Cohn, Samuel. "Working at Creating a Culture of Hatred." In All Societies Die, 128–31. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755903.003.0037.

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This chapter analyzes the culture of hatred. The Canadian sociologist Matthew Lange has found that ethnic supremacist education is a fundamental source of division in some of the most ethnically divided countries in the world. Supremacist schools are a direct cause of the hostility between Jews and Palestinians in Israel, between Sinhalese and Tamils in Sri Lanka, between Greeks and Turks in Cyprus, between French Quebecois and English Canadians in Quebec, and between hostile ethnic groups in many other nations. The places Lange writes about are dissimilar, but the causes of xenophobic education generally are the same. These lead to enduring ethnic hostility that could last for generations. The chapter then focuses on ethnic supremacist education in Sri Lanka.
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