Journal articles on the topic 'Tamil (Indic People) – South Africa'

A seal of the Indic culture represents a goddess standing close to a tree and receiving sacrifices. Seven more goddesses, hypothetically the Ēḻukaṉṉimār or Sapta Mātṛkā, are linked with the Tree Goddess. The ancient Tamil Caṅkam literature, the Naṟṟiṇai and Cilappatikāram (c.450 ce), mention a goddess of the vēṅkai tree, the Vēṅkaik-kaṭavuḷ. In Tiṭṭakuṭi in south Ārkkāṭu district is located a temple dedicated to Vaidhyanāthasvāmi, the goddess called Acaṉāmpikai or Vēṅkai-vaṉanāyaki (cf. Dārukavana or Vaiṣṇava divyadeśa-Naimisāraṇya). The presiding goddess of Tiṭṭakuṭi, according to the sthalapurāṇam, based on oral tradition (twelfth to eighteenth centuries), is the “Mistress of the vēṅkai forest”. Alternatively, in Caṅkiliyāṉpāṟai (Tiṇṭukkal district) located in the foothills of Ciṟumalai, the Sañjīvi-parvata (‘hill of medicinal herbs and trees’) associated with Hanūmān of Rāmāyaṇa fame is a centre of folk worship. Recently, scholars claim to have discovered some pictographic inscriptions there resembling the Indic heritage. Several hypaethral temples to Caṅkili-Kaṟuppaṉ (‘The Black One Bound with an Iron Chain’), the Ēḻukaṉṉimār (‘Seven Virgins’), and the [Ārya]-Śāsta (equated with Ayyappaṉ of Śabarimalā) receive worship. On certain occasions, people from the nearby villages congregate to worship the gods and goddesses and undertake periodical and annual festivals. It seems that a “sacred thread” links the archaic traditions of the Indic culture (c.2500 bce) with the contemporary faiths (see Eliade 1960; Brockington 1998; Shulman & Stroumsa 2002) of Tiṭṭakuṭi and Caṅkiliyāṉpāṟai. This article examines the story of the Tree Goddess, the neo-divinity (vampat-teyvam) or numen (cf. Vedic devamātṛ-Aditi), with references to the Caṅkam lore, datable to the third century bce (cf. “Chōḍa Pāḍā Satiyaputo Ketalaputo” in Aśoka’s Girnar Edict; cf. Mookerji 1972: 223), Vēṅkaikkaṭavuḷ, Acaṉāmpikai of Tiṭṭakuṭi, and the Caṅkiliyāṉpāṟai vestiges.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley). Hemiptera: Diaspididae Hosts: Mango (Mangifera indica), Oleander (Nerium oleander) and various palms. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, France, Italy, Russia, Russian Far East, UK, ASIA, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Menggu, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Japan, Bonin Islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Aldabra, Comoros, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Rodrigues Island, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Guatemala, United States, Virgin Islands, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. mori (Boyer & Lambert) Young et al., Bacteria. Hosts: mulberry (Morus spp.), hemp (Cannabis sativa) and Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Czechoslovakia, France, Mainland France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Romania, Serbia), Asia (China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Hong Kong, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Georgia, India, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Iran, Japan, Honshu, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Pakistan, Turkey), Africa (South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda), North America (Canada, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, USA, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Ohio), South America (Brazil, Minas Gerais), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). Hemiptera: Aphididae. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Sorghum spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen), Africa (Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas), Central America & Caribbean (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Ceara, Minas Gerais, Para, Pernambuco, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Papua New Guinea).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy) Homoptera: Aphididae Attacks Citrus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Portugal, Madeira, ASIA, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, India, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Delhi, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Iran, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Lao, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, St Helena, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Florida, Hawaii, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahia, Ceara, Espirito Santo, Golas, Maranhao, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Parana, Pemambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga.

Abstract A revised distribution map is provided for Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe). Homoptera: Aphididae. Hosts: Cacao (Theobroma cacao), Citrus spp., coffee (Coffea spp.), Cola spp. and tea (Camellia sinensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russia, Spain), Asia (Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Georgia, India, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Sumatra, Iran, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam), Africa (Algeria, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Reunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, St. Helena, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahia, Parana, Santa Catarina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia), Federal States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Penicillium expansum Link. Ascomycota: Eurotiales. Hosts: Pomaceous fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, UK, Ukraine), Asia (Armenia, Brunei Darussalam, China (Hong Kong), Georgia, India (Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu), Iran, Israel, Japan (Hokkaido), Kazakhstan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Turkey), Africa (Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan), USA (California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming)), Central America and Caribbean (Honduras, Nicaragua), South America (Argentina, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo), Chile, Uruguay, Venezuela), and Oceania (Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia), New Zealand).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd. Fungi: Basidiomycota: Uredinales. Hosts: soyabean (Glycine max) and other Fabaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Russia (Russian Far East)), Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Arunchal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal), Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku), Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), Africa (Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia)), Central America and Caribbean (United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo), Paraguay, Uruguay), Oceania (Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia), Cook Islands, Federal States of Micronesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Vanuatu).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella pini Rostr. Ascomycota: Capnodiales. Hosts: Common larch (Larix decidua), common spruce (Picea abies), Pancic spruce (Picea ornika [P. omorika]), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), Pinus spp. and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Mainland France, Germany, Greece, Mainland Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Azores, Mainland Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales, Scotland, Ukraine), Asia (Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, China, Heilongjiang, Nei Menggu [Nei Mongol], Georgia, India, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka), Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, Alaska, California, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Vermont, Virginia, Washington), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Parana, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Uruguay), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow and Sydow. Pucciniomycetes: Pucciniales: Phakopsoraceae. Hosts: soyabean (Glycine max), kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata), jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Russia, Far East), Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Indonesia, Java, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam), Africa (Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia), Central America and Caribbean (Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Puerto Rico and United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahia, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Piaui, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Tocantins, Colombia, Paraguay and Uruguay) and Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Tonga and Vanuatu).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Eudocima fullonia (Clerck) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Adult attacks Citrus, mango (Mangifera indica), pawpaw (Carica papaya), guava (Psidium gujava), banana (Musa) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Larva defoliates Erythrina and vines in the Menispermaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Christmas Island, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Crissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Kalimantan, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Libena, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Reunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Hawaii, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin. Cercozoa: Plasmodiophorida. Hosts: Brassicaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Mainland France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sardinia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Azores, Mainland Portugal, Romania, Russia, Central Russia, Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Mainland Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Channel Islands, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Ukraine), Asia (Brunei, Darussalam, China, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Turkey), Africa (Angola, Malawi, Sao Tome and Principe, South Africa), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alaska, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin), Central America and Caribbean (Guatemala, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Vistoria, Western Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea). P. brassicae is widespread worldwide, especially in mild, moist temperate regions. Epidemics develop quickly as the intensity of Brassica cultivation increases.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Puccinia arachidis Speg. Fungi: Basidiomycota: Pucciniales. Host: groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra, Japan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam), Africa (Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, New Mexico, North Carolina, Texas and Virginia), Central America and Caribbean (Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago and United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Amapa, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela) and Oceania (Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia, Fiji, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus). Lepidoptera: Sphingidae. Hosts: groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Ipomoea spp., field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Vigna spp., and Phaseolus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France (Corsica), Germany, Gibraltar, Greece (Crete), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy (Sardinia, Sicily), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal (Azores, Madeira), Romania, Russia (Siberia), San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Balearic Islands, Canary Islands), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (Channel Islands, Northern Ireland), Ukraine), Asia (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Menggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizhang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Cocos Islands, India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman, Delhi, Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Java, Kalimantan, Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago), Kazakhstan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen), Africa (Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, St. Helena, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), Oceania (American Samoa, Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia), Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky). Coleoptera: Scolytidae. Hosts: polyphagous on many tree and shrub species except Coniferae. Information is given on geographical distribution in Europe (Italy), Asia (Bhutan; Fujian, Hong Kong, Hunan, Sichuan, Xizhang and Yunnan, China; Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, India; Indonesia; Bonin Islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku, Japan; Korea Democratic People's Republic; Korea Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand; and Vietnam), Africa (Cameroon, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d' Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mauritius, Nigeria, Seychelles, Sierra Leone and Tanzania), North America (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Washington, USA), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica and Panama) and Oceania (New Caledonia, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea and Samoa).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb) Sher. Nematode. Hosts: Polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Germany, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Madeira, Mainland Finland, Romania, Russia, Far East, Southern Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Canary Islands, Mainland Spain, UK, Ukraine), Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Nei Menggu [Nei Mongol], Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Georgia, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Kazakhstan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam), Africa (Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, St Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, Ontario, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Dakota, Texas), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Acre, Bahia, Ceara, Espirito Santo, Goias, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Easter Island, French Guiana, Peru, Venezuela), Oceania (American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Ishiyama) Swings et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae. Host: rice (Oryza sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman, Delhi, Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Iran, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam), Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo and Uganda), North America (Mexico), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras and Panama), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela) and Oceania (Australia, Northern Territory and Queensland).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Thrips palmi Karny Thysanoptera: Thripidae Attacks mainly Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Czech Republic, Finland, Netherlands, UK, ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, AFRICA, Mauritius, Nigeria, Reunion, Sudan, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Florida, Hawaii, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Goias, Sao Paulo, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Fed. States of Micronesia, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Wallis and Futuna Islands.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (ex Hasse) Gabriel et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae. Hosts: Citrus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Iran, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen), Africa (Burkina Faso, Comoros, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Reunion, Rodrigues Island, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania), North America (USA, Florida, Louisiana), Central America & Caribbean (British Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mato grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Panama, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Paraguay, Uruguay), Oceania (Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, Marshall Islands, New Zealand, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Hasse) Vauterin, Hoste, Kersters & Swings. Bacteria. Hosts: Citrus spp., hybrids and close relatives of Citrus in the family Rutaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Georgia, India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal), Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Java), Iran, Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku), Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah), Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen), Africa (Comoros, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Rodrigues Island, Seychelles, Tanzania), North America (USA (Florida)), Central America and Caribbean (British Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo), Paraguay, Uruguay), and Oceania (Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland), Federal States of Micronesia, Fiji, New Zealand, Palau [Belau], Papua New Guinea).