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Journal articles on the topic 'Tamil language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

அ., ரெங்கநாயகி /. A. Renganayaki. "வளைகுடா நாடுகளில் தமிழர் கலாச்சாரமும் தமிழ் கற்பிக்கும் முறைமைகளும் / Tamil Culture and Tamil Teaching Methods in the Gulf Countries". IJTLLS 7, SPL 1 (2024): 420–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15129773.

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<em>The Tamil language has the pride of having a great history of its own for many thousands of years. The Tamils lived with their unique tradition and culture with literary effectiveness and grammatical findings where no language had prospered. Tamil is the only language that stands as an epitome of languages among the world's classical languages such as Chinese, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, etc. It is no exaggeration to say that Tamil is the only language that stands as a unique symbol of both the ancient and the new on the world stage. Being a unique classical language, it teaches the world cultur

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K, Senthil Kumari. "Sociability and Tamil System in Singapore Tamil Education." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-18 (2022): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1851.

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Tamil peoples live all over the world. They leave the motherland and live in other countries that are completely different in terms of language, race, culture and customs. Even though they face lot of problems in the countries they migrated to, they maintain their mother language and culture. Even though Tamils are spread all over Malaysia, Singapore, America, Canada, England, Australia, the lifestyle of Singaporean Tamils is same as the lifestyle of Tamil people of Tamilnadu. The contribution of Tamil language education of the Singaporean Tamil is significant.

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Nalliannan, Pawathy, Thanalachime Perumal, and Stefanie Pillai. "Language Use Among Malaysian Tamil Youth." Sustainable Multilingualism 19, no. 1 (2021): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0014.

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Summary Most studies on the language use of Malaysian Tamils focus on the upkeep of the Tamil language. There is, however, a dearth of investigations into language use in a multilingual context among the younger generation of speakers. The present study aims to fill this gap by using Fishman’s (1972) domain model to examine the language used by Tamil youth in intra-group communication in seven domains. Data were collected from 109 questionnaires, 42 audio-recordings of natural conversations and 40 interviews. The findings revealed that in four domains, which were the family, friendship, religi

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M.E, Krishnakumar. "Social Change Reflected in the Dignity of Language." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-3 (2022): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s334.

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The book 'Mozhi Maanam' is a book that explains the importance of protecting the dignity of the Tamil language. The author of this book, M.L. Thangappa, is referred to as Lenin Thangappa by the literary world. A mother tongue education will develop the mind. However, he has written and published this book, saying that it is very sad that the awareness of this language has decreased among Tamils. He regrets that the Tamils themselves are standing against the Tamil language. Is it good to live without dignity? He has made it clear that it is not virtuous to forget the mother and to live in ignor

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Muthusamy, Paramasivam, and Atieh Farashaiyan. "A Descriptive Study of Tamil Language and Social Identity Among English-Tamils in Malaysia." International Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 4 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v10i4.13491.

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This research describes the status of the Tamil language in Malaysia. More specifically, it describes the reasons of Tamil Language decline in the Malaysian context. It is noted that the Tamil language is considered as an authorized language in the country, nonetheless it has shown indications of failure in latest years compared to three other widely spoken languages. The most important reason for the decline is its squat socio-economic rank in comparison with other three languages since the Tamil language is tranquil connected by scarcity and shortage of societal and dogmatic impacts. Additio

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V, Vijayalakshmi. "Bharthi's Language Personality." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-11 (2022): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1128.

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Bharathi was the one who came to refine this world with his singing talent. He showed a new way to high Tamil who showed good manners. He stepped into the world of journalism at a time when nationalism was floating in Tamil Nadu. He was a multilingual scholar. Apart from his mother tongue, Tamil, he was proficient in English, French, Telugu, and Sanskrit. However, he compares Tamil with these languages and praises it as a superior classical language. Bharathi, who was born in the southern part of Tamil Nadu as a moon, came to protect the pride and heritage of our culture and to remove the dark

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Periyaswamy, B. "இன்றையச்சூழலில் தமிழ்மொழி கற்றல் கற்பித்தலில் தொழிற்நுட்பத்தின் தேவை". Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, № 1 (2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i1.3403.

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The world has been transformed by the intellect of man. Technological human inventions have also changed the world greatly. Many innovative communication worlds are popping up to connect with the multi-lingual people who live in the world. Internet Tips for Teaching Tamil Language Learning From Primary Education to Doctoral Studies. Today’s internet has created opportunities to study in Tamil. Because it has the characteristics of simplicity, quickness, ambition, effectiveness, attraction, pleasure, multimedia, etc. The education system through the internet has become very relevant and unavoid

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Pranav Vaidya, Aarav, Fr Joseph Chacko, Fr Joseph Chacko Chennattuserry, and L. T Om Prakash. "Language, Nationhood, and Isolation in the Lives of Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees in India." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 1 (March 2023): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mm2023-001004.

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Divisions and resentments between the Tamils and the Sinhalese, two major ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, led to the exodus of Tamils to the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu in India. From the beginning of the first major conflict in the early 1980s to the peak of the Eelam war in 2008-2009, it is estimated that over three millions lakh Sri Lankan Tamils have migrated to India, mostly to the southern state of Tamil Nadu. A majority of them were put in over 115 government-run refugee camps. These migrants preferred Tamil Nadu over other states in India for two major reasons: firstly, its proximity

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Dr., S. Amutha. "Religion and Humanity are United in Today's World." Maayan International Journal of Tamil Research (MIJTR) 2, no. 4 (2022): 196–200. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7375256.

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<strong>ABSTRACT:</strong>              Tamils divided them into five types namely Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Balai and Neithal. They distinguished two types of morals as internal and external. Internal and external organs are divided into seven categories. The grammer tholkappiyam is proof that those who divided the land also formalized the deities belonging to that land. Many Tamils who saw earthly deities also saw deity worship. In literature like Saiva Vainavam, they worshiped the deities according to castes and systematized with musical nuances.   &

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முனைவர், ந. இரஞ்சன் /. Dr. N. Ranjan. "தொல்காப்பியத்துள் அன்பு / Love in Tholkaappiyam". IJTLLS 6, № 2 (2024): 243–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12798021.

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<em>“Tholkappiyam” is an ancient important treatise on Tamil grammar and life ethics that makes the Tamil language a classical language today. The ideas and theories have made it a rare book for the Tamil community to study deeply to understand the richness of the Tamil language and life. Even today, it stands as live evidence in the hands of the researchers. If one has not found the rich antiquity of “Tolkappiyam” the traces of the Tamil Language might have disappeared and perished, then it seems to say that it is the penance of the Tamils. “Tholkappiyam” i

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K, Nandhini, and Dr. R. Subramani. "ECOLOGY LANGUAGE TAMIL." Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies 1, no. 09 (2025): 512–20. https://doi.org/10.63300/tm0109202502.

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Language, the cornerstone of human civilization, has evolved from rudimentary forms like sign language, coded communication, and pictorial representation to sophisticated systems imbued with complex grammatical structures and rich literary traditions. These advanced languages, particularly those with a well-established written form, serve as potent indicators of societal progress and cultural refinement. This article delves into the fascinating relationship between language and the natural world, specifically examining how Tamil, a classical language boasting a profound grammatical and literar

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Lavanya, S., and R. Elangovan. "Factors Influencing the Teaching & Learning Outcomes of Tamil Language." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 8, no. 1 (2023): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v8i1.6626.

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Language has been a primary communication tool for mankind for years. There are more than 6000 languages being spoken around the world. Only very few languages like Tamil have the history of centuries and are still renewing themselves to survive in the world. Tamil Nadu is the prominent place where the Tamil speaking community lives. Other than that there are few countries like Sri Lanka where Tamil is one of the national languages. But nowadays, due to so many factors like globalization, global village and international trading,etc. People move all around the world leaving their native places

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Rawat, Sudha. "Politics of Language and Education: An evaluation of Tamil Separatism in the Sri Lankan civil war." Journal of Language and Linguistics in Society, no. 21 (January 8, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jlls.21.1.8.

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Sri Lanka, at present, is haunted by memories and experiences of the protracted ethnic conflict which lasted for nearly three decades due extremities of extrajudicial and rampant killings, suicide bombing, and human rights violation. The war was mainly fought between the Liberation of Tamil Tiger (LTTE) and Sinhalese dominated state government. At the primary level, the conflict is viewed as the manifestation of ancient ethnic rivalry between the Tamil minority and the Sinhala majority. However, the causes of this conflict are far more complex than ethnic differences among the communities and

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M, Vadivel, and Amitha Darwin J. "The Expression of Music in the Theatre." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (2022): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1913.

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Sangam Tamil consists of three major parts viz., Poetry, Music, and Drama. This is something that no other language in the world has. Hence, Tamil can also be called Muthamizh (The three kinds of literature in Tamil). Drama, along with music, has been developing gradually since time immemorial. Theatrical music is a mirror of worldly events. The literature also makes it clear that the Tamils excelled in art and culture. Therefore, on the basis of literary references, Poetic Tamil, Music Tamil, and Drama Tamil are the three Tamils that make history in many aspects. This approach seeks to explai

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Weiss, Richard S. "Early Hindu Sectarian Printed Books: An Analysis of a Tamil Library." Philological Encounters 6, no. 1-2 (2021): 154–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-bja10015.

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Abstract On a trip to South India in the early 1850s, the German missionary Karl Graul collected a library of Tamil books. His library contains some of the first books that Tamils edited and published for Tamil audiences. This article analyses the Shaiva and Vaishnava works in this collection, arguing that in this early period of Tamil publishing, Tamil Hindus turned to print in part to counter Christian evangelisation. They edited and published texts previously transmitted on manuscripts, in order to build a corpus of Shaiva and Vaishnava printed books that would challenge the Christian monop

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K, Umadevi. "Identity of Tamil Tribal." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-7 (2022): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s737.

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The archeological documents, the antiquity of the language, and the ethnic culture are the basic factors to know the history of Tamil. Based on these facts, the research book “Tamilar Ataiyalankal” written by researcher K. Nedunchezhiyan was published in 2006. Nine articles are included in this book which has won the best book award of 2006 by the Tamil Nadu Government annually. his article describes the establishment of Tamil values and Tamil culture by combining the triads of Tamils with the triads set by the Tamils, the astronomical thought of the Tamils, the coincidence theory that is oppo

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Tschacher, Torsten. "(De-)Limiting the Universal: Engaging with Arabic in Muslim Tamil Poetry." Philological Encounters 4, no. 1-2 (2019): 80–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-12340060.

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AbstractThis article explores how the encounter of Arabic with Tamil discourses on language limited as well as enabled a particular instantiation of Islamic discourse. It argues that, rather than allowing a hyperglossic extension of Arabic grammatical and poetical discourses to Tamil, Muslim Tamil poets clearly demarcated the respective domains of Tamil and Arabic grammar, thereby making each relevant only to the language it originally defined. The prime space of interaction between the two languages was afforded by Arabic vocabulary, as Tamil grammar implicitly permitted the utilization of Ar

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S, Selvakumaran. "In Diaspora Countries - Tamil Culture and Arts." Indian Journal of Multilingual Research and Development 1, no. 1 (2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijmrd2012.

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Unable to cope with the brutal Sinhala aggression against Tamils in Eelam, the Eelam Tamils emigrated to foreign lands in an attempt to uplift their language, art, literature and culture in the countries where they had settled for survival. As a result, they established Tamil schools in the countries where they lived and celebrated the festivals of the Tamils such as Pongal festival and Deepavali festival, the spiritual festival of Murugan Kavadi dance festivel. During these festivals, the Tamil arts such as drama, silambam, oyil and kummi are performed with great diligence. In that sens

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Satya, Nilayam Research Institute of Philosophy &. Culture. "Aesthetics in Tamil Tradition." Satya Nilayam Chennai Journal of Intercultural Philosophy 3 (June 5, 2003): 58–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12703497.

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This article is a study about the contribution of the Tamils to aesthetics. For this purpose a special attention has been paid to the treatise on the Tamil grammer Tolkappiyam. Tolkappiyam besides being the fundamental text of the Tamil language and literature is also a text on aesthetics.

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A, Godwin Sudharsan, and Ravi S. "Is the Tamil language Conjugation or Grafting." Indian Journal of Tamil 5, no. 1 (2024): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2413.

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Language is the main tool that helps people to communicate their thoughts, emotions, likes and dislikes to others. Research about the origin of the language are often biased. Hence the origin of the language cannot be determined. In order to understand the language, linguists classify it in various ways based on its nature, character, usage, number of users etc. Among these, the languages of the world are divided into independent, conjunctive, and so on. Although many languages have appeared in the world, only a few languages have survived. Among the languages that have survived, some have los

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G, Savitha. "Family Relations in the Moral Values Expressed by Dravidian Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (2022): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s533.

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Dr. Robert Caldwell learned Tamil when he came to Tamil Nadu to do religious work. In the Dravidian language family, Tamil is known as the classical language. He studied linguistically that Tamilam was the Tramilam and the Tramilam was Dravidian and found that Tamil was the oldest and the first of the Dravidian languages. Knowing that Kannada, Telugu, and Malayalam are like Tamil with grammar and literary dialogues, he wrote a book of a comparative grammar book. In 1856, Caldwell was the first to introduce the term "comparison grammar book of Dravidian languages" or "south Indian family langua

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M, Sivakumar. "Francis Whyte Ellis-The First Voice of Tamil Language Liberation." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (2022): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s539.

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When it comes to the history of the Tamil language, it can be classified as being before Ellis and after Ellis. Before Ellis's Dravidian evidence came, the idea that Tamil originated from Sanskrit was deeply embedded in everyone's mind. For a long time, linguists in India have also been saying that the Tamil language originated from Sanskrit and that the Tamil language could not function independently without the help of Sanskrit. It was Ellis who liberated Tamil, which was thus regarded as a descendant of Sanskrit, from the chain of slavery, which was bound by the chain of slavery of Sanskrit

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Muhammadu Sainulabdeen, M. S. Zunoomy, U. Israth, and A. M. M. Aaqil. "Contrastive Study on Differences in Sentence Aspects between Arabic, Tamil, and English Languages." Al-Lisan 7, no. 2 (2022): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/al.v7i2.2643.

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This research focuses on studying differences in sentence elements between Arabic, English, and Tamil by exposing similarities and dissimilarities. It uses a descriptive contrastive methodology. This research is based on a theory of linguistics. According to this, the researchers used books, articles, theses, and website articles to obtain the necessary information for Secondary data. It finds that Arabic, English, and Tamil belong to different linguistic families. The Arabic language belongs to the Semitic languages, no matter what, Tamil language belongs to Dravidian, and English belongs to

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Sujith, M., Raj ST Akash, B. Yeshwanth, J. Priyadharshini, and M. Jayasudha. "Optical Character Recognition and Analysis of Tamil Characters." International Journal of Microsystems and IoT 1, no. 7 (2023): 460–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10609826.

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Several tools are available for the analysis of the English language. However, not many tools are available for the analysis of Tamil. Even though most of the applications and programming languages across the internet have incorporated the use of foreign languages in them, the ease of usage is not up to the mark. Popular programming languages like Python and Java have the capability of processing Tamil, however, they do not follow the rules of the language and their respective language classes are not up to the mark.  For e.g., கீ is considered as 2 separate characters ‘க’ + &

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Sundararaj, T. "Singapore’s Bilingual Policy and Tamil Education: An Introduction." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 9, no. 3 (2025): 61–65. https://doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v9i3.8602.

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This article explores Singapore’s bilingual policy and its impact on the promotion of Tamil education within the country’s multi-ethnic society. It examines the significance of language policy in Singapore’s development and its social, economic, and educational consequences. Following the People’s Action Party’s rise to power in 1959, the bilingual policy—emphasizing English alongside mother tongues—was strongly advocated. Former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew recognized the necessity of English for economic growth, international trade, and scientific advancement while also acknowledging the impo

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Zunoomy, Muhammadu Sainulabdeen, and Mohammed Cassim Sithy Shathifa. "‘Anâshir al-Jumal baina al-Lughataini al-‘Arabiyyah wa at-Tâmiliyyah (Dirâsâh Taqâbuliyyah)." International Journal of Arabic Language Teaching 4, no. 01 (2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/ijalt.v4i01.4679.

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Each language has a specific pattern in sentence structure. Based on this, sentence pattern in Arabic language differs from Tamil language since they are from two different linguistic families namely Semitic language family and Dravidian language family respectively. Therefore, this research focuses on studying sentence pattern in Arabic and Tamil languages by exposing similarities and dissimilarities between them. This research uses contrastive descriptive methodology. This research finds that there are more dissimilarities than similarities in sentence pattern between Arabic and Tamil langua

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N, Shankaranarayanan. "Negative verb morpheme in Tamil Verb structure." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 1 (2022): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22118.

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In this world each and all languages are based on noun and verb. Without the naming and action words we cannot frame even a single sentence. In the same way, Tamil Language also depend on noun and verb. Verb is an important component of language. Tamil grammarians and linguists classify and interpret the types of verbs in different ways. Among the classifications, one of them is a negative verb. Changes are taken within the language system. The continuous change will be occurred in the language system and it process over time to time. Languages that are subject to change are likely to surviv

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Yusoff, Mohammad Agus, Athambawa Sarjoon, Nordin Hussin, and Azmi Awang. "Public Administration and Minority Language: The Case of District Administration in Amparai, Sri Lanka." Public Administration Research 4, no. 2 (2015): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v4n2p31.

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Even though minorities have gained international linguistic recognition, accepting and admitting minority languages in public affairs has been a contested issue in many countries. In Sri Lanka, the admitting of minority language — specifically Tamil — in public administration has continued to be a serious issue imposing a number of difficulties on Tamil-speaking minorities, although Tamil is legally recognized as an official language. The district administration of Amparai in the eastern province is a severe case where Tamil has been marginalized in the district’s administrative affairs, viola

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Selvan, Pushpa Rani Subramani. "English Loanwords in Tamil: Fix Illicit Consonant Clusters." Ilomata International Journal of Social Science 3, no. 2 (2022): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52728/ijss.v3i2.438.

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Loanword adaptation has long proved field as an intriguing object of study. Loanword borrowing often takes place within languages to fill the glossary of the new terminology. The direction of borrowing is primarily linked to the sociolinguistic status of a language in a community. In the scenario of Malaysia, Malay as a national language and English as a global language plays an essential role in the process of loanword adaptation, technologically, culturally and politically. English and Tamil languages have two disparate grammatical elements. Some grammatical rules accepted in English is illi

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Suresh, Pavithra. "Countering Hindu Hegemony: Tamil Separatism as Counter-Memory Work." Yonsei Journal of International Studies 12, no. 2 (2022): 110–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13358292.

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When beginning work on this paper in February 2020, Delhi was on fire following days of Hindutva riots in what has since been described as a pogrom. The Hindu nationalist violence that incited the riots relies on convenient, ideological scripts of Hinduism that reify Sanskrit linguistic and Brahmanical caste hierarchies. Nonetheless, resistance is not lost as Tamil counter-memories on language and caste reinterpret Hindutva histories of India to provide an alternative, oppositional possibility for a progressive future. Tamil Nadu, the southeastern-most state in India, has a legacy of being a s

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K, Jelin Suji, and Mahila Jeni D. "Tamil Vidu Thoothu is a Literary Grammar Expert." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-15 (2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s153.

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Tamil is the oldest language among all world languages. It is an ancient language, and its origin cannot be defined. It is a language that excels in literary grammars. When looking at the history of Tamil literature, many literary genres have emerged according to time, context, and political backgrounds. Literature tells the stories of people's lives. It relates to grammar in Tamil, and literature itself becomes grammar. Tolkappiyam is a book that exemplifies the grammatical system of the Tamil language with distinction. Letter, word, subject matter, prosody, and rhetoric—these five are dealt

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et al., Ponniah. "Language attitude among Tamil language teachers." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 4, no. 6 (2017): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.06.020.

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Vijayarangan, Sabananthan, Freya Russell, Tilak Ginige, and Iain Green. "INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE WORDS IN TAMIL FILM SONG LYRICS CORPUS: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH." International Journal of Data Science and Advanced Analytics 6, no. 6 (2024): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.69511/ijdsaa.v6i6.232.

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The use of English words in Tamil lyrics has significantly increased in recent years due to globalisation, Western cultural exposure, and the evolution of the Tamil music industry. Traditionally, Tamil lyrics used pure Tamil words, which were well-received in the early 1960s. However, the younger generation's exposure to Western influences and English-speaking media has led to a greater incorporation of English words in Tamil lyrics, reflecting broader cultural and societal changes. This blending of languages has made it difficult to classify the language of these compositions accurately. To a

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Ganesan, A. "Paripadal Reveals Tamil Thoughts." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 6, no. 3 (2022): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v6i3.4632.

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Our Tamils are the ones who divided the ancient Tamil Nadu which appeared five thousand years ago into five types of lands and divided the first, nucleus and subject matter separately for each people. The themes, drums and musical instruments found in the themes contributed to the development of the Tamil language and literature. Among the Sixty-four arts, music is the most sacred. Music was a separate genre long before the development of human civilization. Man expressed himself through music at a time when emotions could not be expressed through language. Thus the article sets out to illustr

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Ishak Samuel, Assoc Prof Dr Samikkanu Jabamoney, Dr Manonmani Devi M.A.R Annamalai, Dr Franklin Thambi Jose. S, and Dr Saravanan P.Veeramuthu. "Tamil Language in Myanmar." Journal of Tamil Peraivu 9, no. 1 (2020): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jtp.vol9no1.2.

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K, Kananathan. "Developments in Scientific Tamil after the Arrival of Europeans." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (2022): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s535.

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The impact on the Tamil language after the arrival of Europeans and the development of scientific Tamil will be explained. The ancient Tamils’ number, weighing, measuring, and stretching levels, and the terminology referred to in the ancient literature, about the stagnation of terminology and the development of terminology, will be explained. In addition, data on the Tamil method of teaching, the period of re-emergence of terminology, scientific Tamil books, and a glossary will be compiled. The concept of mother tongue-based education and the development of Tamil medium education today will be

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Meyshri, PS. "Comparison between the Human Translation and Machine Translation." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 9, no. 4 (2025): 60–66. https://doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v9i4.9015.

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The Tamil language boasts the oldest tradition of translation efforts among Indian languages. The grammar for translation was established as early as the Tolkappiyam. Initially, most literary works translated into Tamil were adaptations of other languages, with Sanskrit having a significant influence. It was only after the arrival of the British that Tamil literature began to get translated into other languages. Translating a language’s literature involved going to the respective country, residing there, learning the language, and overcoming various difficulties before the translations could b

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Vijayakumar, B. "Tamils in Southeast Asian Countries and Their Cultural Elements." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 8, no. 4 (2024): 48–53. https://doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v8i4.7298.

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Sangam literature and archeological studies today suggest that the ancient Tamils had trade relations with the western countries like Greece and Latin countries. Similarly, they had maritime communication with East Asian countries. This contact and cultural spread was easy because South East Asian countries are located directly east of Tamil Nadu. The continuous tradition of maritime and seafaring activity has resulted in the spread of the Tamil people over a number of scattered regions. Wherever they have gone they have carried with them their love of language and their social and cultural ac

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Pederson, Eric. "Mirror-image discrimination among nonliterate, monoliterate, and biliterate Tamil subjects." Written Language and Literacy 6, no. 1 (2002): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.6.1.04ped.

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In Danziger & Pederson 1998, the suggestion was made that the discrimination of left/right mirror images from non-reflected images in a part/whole judgment task correlates not just with degree of literacy, but also with the nature of the script in wich the subject is literate. This follow-up study directly addresses this hypothesis by comparing acceptance/rejection responses and the reaction time of these responses among Tamil speakers who were coded for type of literacy (nonliterate, literate only with Tamil script, literate with Tamil and Roman script). There was a reliable difference be

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முனைவர், ந. செ. கி. சங்கீத்ராதா /. Dr. N. S. K. Sangeethratha. "ஆழ்வார்கள் பாசுரங்களில் அறவியல் / Morals in the Hymns of Azhwars". PTJTS 4, № 1 (2024): 131–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10587944.

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  <em> The Kalabras ruled Tamil Nadu from 250 AD to 500 AD. Jainism and Buddhism were influential during this period. Languages like Pali and Prakrit started to rise. While the Tamil language started to lose popularity, the culture of Tamil Nadu also started disappearing little by little.</em><em> Azhwars appeared in such an environment where they had to simplify the religious doctrines in the Tamil language if they wanted to maintain Tamil Nadu culture and the excellence of the Tamil language. They spread devotion among the people by singing. Many songs were sung with melodious musi

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Sivaraman, Perumal, Dr. Prabaharan G, and Dr Senthil Kumar R. "The Natural Language Processing Axioms in Classical Tamil for Zonal Dialects using Machine Learning." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 14, no. 6 (2025): 36–44. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.f1096.14060525.

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Studying Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Classical Tamil and its Zonal Dialects using Machine Learning (ML) involves unique challenges and opportunities. Classical Tamil, one of the oldest languages with a rich literary heritage, differs significantly in syntax, semantics, and phonetics from its modern dialects. Addressing these differences requires incorporating linguistic axioms and cultural nuances into NLP systems. This deals with Tamil letters, Challenges, Future directions, and Lexical Differences. It also includes parsers and tokenisation. Lists the differences between Morphemes,

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Perumal, Sivaraman. "The Natural Language Processing Axioms in Classical Tamil for Zonal Dialects using Machine Learning." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 14, no. 6 (2025): 36–44. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.F1096.14060525/.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Studying Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Classical Tamil and its Zonal Dialects using Machine Learning (ML) involves unique challenges and opportunities. Classical Tamil, one of the oldest languages with a rich literary heritage, differs significantly in syntax, semantics, and phonetics from its modern dialects. Addressing these differences requires incorporating linguistic axioms and cultural nuances into NLP systems. This deals with Tamil letters, Challenges, Future directions, and Lexical Differences. It also includes parsers and tokenisation. Lists the diff

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Dr., T. Sathiyaseelan. "Language Corruption and Re Configuration in News." Maayan International Journal of Tamil Research (MIJTR) 2, no. 3 (2022): 14–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7371235.

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<strong>ABSTRACT:  </strong>                Tamil Language in various newspapers has been adapting various words both in English as well as Tamil. There is no uniformity in the language printed in various newspapers. This has brought out a new form of language known to be ‘Newspaper Tamil’. Though we deem it to be term, there is variety in these newspapers too in the usage of the language. Many of the Tamil newspapers include English words as such in Tamil to reach more to the general public. This paper deals with the usage of Engli

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R, Kumaraguruparan. "Dravidian Aesthetics - the foremost of Indian Aesthetics." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (2022): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s536.

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The influences of contemporary events on the field of study and society on speakers of Dravidian languages such as Tamil indicate the primacy of Dravidian ideology. Scholars in other countries look at the functioning of the Dravidian movement in the political, social, and cultural spheres behind the Tamil aesthetics of Dravidian aesthetics being at the forefront of Indian aesthetics. The Czechoslovakian multi-linguist recalls in the interview the Sanskrit-Tamil linguistic exchanges, the unity, and other differences. The contribution of Dravidian culture to Indianization is revealed through the

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M, Natarajan. "Language changes in Tamil due to Dravidianism." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (2022): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s531.

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Language is the cornerstone of the evolutionary civilization of human society. The ideology which dominates a society is reflected in all spheres, such as the culture, culture, lifestyle habits, and customs of the people living in that society. It is the language that does the greatest job of penetrating such an ideology into different spheres of society. In that sense, although various languages have emerged in the world and symbolized humanity, only a few languages are in use. Tamil is one of the oldest languages in the world, which has lived and grown and flourished from the Stone Age to th

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.Renuka, Dr V. "தமிழர் வாழ்வியலில் ஓவியம் மற்றும் இசைக்கருவிகளின் தொன்மை (Antiquity of Painting and musical instruments in Tamil life)". Journal of Tamil Peraivu 13, № 1 (2024): 113–16. https://doi.org/10.22452/jtp.vol13no1.12.

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Abstract For the welfare of ancient Tamils, For well - being The foundation and source was the social structure and administration created by good governance. The true rise of ancient Tamil Nadu in the dichotomy of ruler and ruled was determined by the lifestyle of the people. When the Tamil community, branching out from the individual, began to live in a unified manner, it underwent growth and change, and administration took shape. With vendan as the center of government, the administration of Tamil Nadu was run by Population, taxation, customs, trade, agriculture, weaving, goods gained from

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Chinnasamy.P. "21st Century Tamil and Power Politics." MASIVAN : JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STUDIES 2, no. 1 (2025): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14719851.

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Language has undergone many changes over time. At the same time, it can be seen that language has adapted to the geographical environment. Language was formed by human labor, and after the discovery of agriculture, it became settled and moved around for trade and industry, and language mixing became inevitable.During the Sangam period, the Sangam hymns have recorded the situation where trade goods from many countries like Egypt, Greece, Rome, and China entered the Tamil territory. Similarly, Tamil scholars have pointed out that language mixing has also occurred. The mixing of these languages w

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S.P, Induja. "The Four Types of Varunathar Culture in Sangam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (2022): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s633.

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The Sangam literature clearly captures the way of life and cultural characteristics of the ancient Tamils. It is the Sangam literature that reveals the antiquity and venerability of the Tamil people even today. Literature is composed of beautiful songs that are rich in ideas and imagination. It is through these verses that the backgrounds of the Brahmins, Kings, Vellalas, and Merchants who existed at that time can be understood. The occupations, customs, rituals, etc., of the people who lived in ancient society can be traced back to the Sangam literature. The Tamil language is the classical la

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Keane, Elinor. "Tamil." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34, no. 1 (2004): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100304001549.

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Tamil is a Dravidian language spoken by 53 million speakers in India, according to census figures from 1991, predominantly in the state of Tamil Nadu. There are also sizeable communities of Tamil speakers elsewhere, including Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Singapore, in all of which it has the status of a national language. Tamil is diglossic, the formal or ‘literary’ variety still largely conforming to standards set in the thirteenth century by the Tamil grammarian Pavanandi. It is used in almost all written media, and also for certain high-register functions. In all other situations colloquial Tami

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Herring, Susan C. "Functional Stability in Language Change." Studies in Language 17, no. 2 (1993): 313–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.17.2.03her.

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This article addresses the question of whether tense markers in Modern Tamil were historically aspectual in function, as Zvelebil (1962) has claimed. The methodological approach employed is that developed by Hopper (1979a, 1979b, 1982) for the analysis of foreground and background in narrative discourse. Narrative texts representing three historical periods — Old Tamil (5th c), Middle Tamil (12th c), and Modern Tamil (20th c.) — are analyzed for correlations between foreground-background marking and the distribution of alleged 'tense' forms. On the basis of the grounding analysis, it is discov

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