Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tamil Missions

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Tamil Missions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tamil Missions"

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R. BERSIA LOYISAL. "Educational Status Of Christian Missionaries To The Upliftment Of Dalits In Tinnevelly-Tuticorn District." GIS Business 15, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v15i1.17891.

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Education to all was the primary aim of the Christian missions in Tamil Nadu and particularly in Tinnevelly-Tuticorin region. Missionaries took a great deal of effort in the field of education by focusing their attention on the illiterates, also in keeping with their Gospel work, because the institution founded by them enabled them to share their religious views directly with the young people of the society. In those days, the downtrodden and the depressed classes (dalits) in the society were totally denied education. But the Christian missionaries came forward to educate them and to give a lift to their status. This article highlights the deep devotion to educate dalits and their awake over Christian mission.
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Kent, Eliza F. "Tamil Bible Women and the Zenana Missions of Colonial South India." History of Religions 39, no. 2 (November 1999): 117–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/463584.

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Sweetman, Will, and Ines G. Županov. "Rival Mission, Rival Science? Jesuits and Pietists in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century South India." Comparative Studies in Society and History 61, no. 3 (June 28, 2019): 624–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417519000203.

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AbstractTwo European missionary teams, one Catholic and the other Protestant, encountered each other in the Tamil country in the first decade of the eighteenth century. They acted as if and thought that their goals were irreconcilable, even if the Protestants in Tranquebar admitted that the Catholic Jesuit proselytism in the region had been efficient as “preparatio evangelicae” for the Protestant mission. Jesuits and Pietists were not only rivals; they also collaborated, uneasily and unequally, in collecting, processing, and disseminating knowledge. Missionary linguistic and medico-botanical expertise was considered an indispensable proselytizing tool, and it showcased their “scientific” achievements that were admired and envied in Europe. Both Pietists and Jesuits of this period were fighting the early Enlightenment atheists while feeding them the materials from the missions. Both missionary groups were also victims of Enlightenment historiography. Despite their theological differences, they were far closer in their practices than either the missionaries themselves or their historians, who have mostly written from the same denominational perspective, have been willing to acknowledge. In part this was because the Protestants, especially their mission's founders, relied on both texts and converts produced by their Catholic rivals.
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Das, Sonia N. "Failed Legacies of Colonial Linguistics: Lessons from Tamil Books in French India and French Guiana." Comparative Studies in Society and History 59, no. 4 (September 29, 2017): 846–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417517000305.

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AbstractThe archives of French India and French Guiana, two colonies that were failing by the mid-nineteenth century, elucidate the legacy of colonial linguistics by drawing attention to the ideological and technological natures of colonial printing and the far-reaching and longstanding consequences of the European objectification of Indian vernaculars. Torn between religious, commercial, and imperialist agendas, the French in India both promoted Catholicism and advanced the scientific study of Tamil, the majority language spoken in the colonial headquarters of Pondicherry. There, a little known press operated by the Paris Foreign Missions shipped seventy-one dictionaries, grammars, and theological works printed in Tamil and French to Catholic schools undergoing secularization in French Guiana, a colony with several thousand Tamil indentured laborers. I analyze the books’ lexical, orthographic, and typographical forms, metalinguistic commentaries, publicity tactics, citational practices, and circulation histories by drawing on seldom-discussed materials from the Archives nationales d'outre-mer in Aix-en-Provence, France. I propose a theoretical framework to investigate how technology intersects with the historical relationship between language and colonialism, and argue that printing rivalries contributed to Orientalist knowledge production by institutionalizing semiotic and language ideologies about the nature of “perfectible” and “erroneous” signs. My comparative approach highlights the interdiscursive features of different genres and historical periods of Tamil documentation, and underscores how texts that emerged out of disparate religious and scientific movements questioned the veracity of knowledge and fidelity of sources. Such metalinguistic labor exposed the evolving stances of French Indologists toward Dravidian and Indo-Aryan linguistics and promoted religious and secular interests in educational and immigration policies.
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Dorairajan, Uthra, and Manikandan Sambasivam. "An Overview on Steps to Accelerate Science Communication in Tamil." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 2 (March 17, 2022): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2226.

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Our country’s Science, Technology, Innovation Policy (STIP 2020) was released last year. Generally, there exists a gap between science and technology and the general public. It is impertinent to bridge this gap between scientific domain experts, technology aficionados and common (wo)man. STIP 2020 aims to maximize the number of people that participate in and contribute to the scientific discussions, missions and processes in the country. Current science and technology innovations, opportunities, and efforts need to reach every citizen through every spoken and written language of our country. This can be realized by enriching vocabulary in vernacular languages, revisiting words which are not in vogue, translating, transliterating, building technical dictionaries, publishing revised editions, creating copious web resources in Tamil and other local languages. Collaboration with science and technology experts and their contribution towards increasing the technical vocabulary is indispensable to achieve this in the current situation. Translators, linguists, litterateurs should work in unison with experts from different fields. In this article, the authors share their concerns and ideas based on their experience in translating students’ science resources to Tamil.
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Waha, Kristen Bergman. "SYNTHESIZING HINDU AND CHRISTIAN ETHICS IN A. MADHAVIAH'S INDIAN ENGLISH NOVELCLARINDA(1915)." Victorian Literature and Culture 46, no. 1 (March 2018): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150317000419.

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The novels of Indian writerA. Madhaviah (1872–1925) are deeply ambivalent toward British Protestant missions in the Madras Presidency. The son of a Brahmin family from the Tirunelveli District in what is now the state of Tamil Nadu, Madhaviah had the opportunity to form close intellectual relationships with British missionaries and Indian Christian converts while studying for his B.A. at the Madras Christian College, completing his degree in 1892. Although he remained a Hindu throughout his life, Madhaviah's first English novel,Thillai Govindan(1903), praises some missionaries for their moral characters, naming in particular the Madras Christian College's principal, William Miller (1838–1923); however, the same novel also criticizes other unnamed Madras missionaries for extravagant lifestyles that squandered the money of unsuspecting supporters in Britain (64). Madhaviah's deep commitment to late-nineteenth and early twentieth-century Indian women's reform movements, including widow remarriage, the abolition of child marriage, and women's education, meant that he often agreed with British missionaries championing similar reforms in Indian society. However, his early novels also criticize the proselytizing activities of missionaries, particularly in educational settings. In his Tamil novelPadmavati Carittiram(1898, 1899) and English novelSatyananda(1909), Madhaviah exposes missionary attempts to take advantage of a young pupil's inexperience in an educational setting or to exploit a quarrel between pupil and family members to secure a conversion. Yet in contrast, Madhaviah's final English novel,Clarinda: A Historical Novel(1915), offers perhaps the most positive depiction of an Indian Christian conversion in his fiction. A historical novel that reimagines the life of a renowned eighteenth-century Marathi Brahmin woman convert living in Thanjavur, Madhaviah'sClarindaoffers Christian conversion as a liberating decision for the young Clarinda. Her conversion allows her as a widow to escape the patriarchal control of her abusive husband's family and to contribute to her community as a philanthropist and an early social reformer. While Madhaviah remained critical of certain conversion tactics, which could transgress ethical boundaries, Madhaviah also acknowledged that missionary goals for women's improved lot within society often intersected with his own convictions.
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Young, Richard Fox. "Protestant Origins in India: Tamil Evangelical Christians, 1706–1835. By D. Dennis Hudson. Studies in the History of Christian Missions 2. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 2000. xii + 220. $45.00 cloth." Church History 70, no. 3 (September 2001): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3654518.

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Rubiés, Joan-Pau. "Tamil Voices in the Lutheran Mission of South India (1705-1714)." Journal of Early Modern History 19, no. 1 (December 19, 2015): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342439.

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The English edition of the Bibliotheca Malabarica, a manuscript catalogue of the Tamil works collected by the young Lutheran missionary Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg during his first two years in India (1706-8), attests to his prodigious effort to acquire, read, and summarize all the works of the “heathens” of South India that he could possibly get hold of. Most of this literature seems to have originated from local Śaiva mattams. Besides epics and puranas, the collection included many popular works on ethics, divination and astrology, devotional poetry, or folk narratives and ballads. Ziegenbalg seems to have acquired these through his Tamil teacher in Tranquebar—an elderly schoolmaster—and his son. In this respect, a focus on the social and cultural dynamics by which local knowledge was transmitted to Europeans is no less important than identifying the literary sources for their interpretation of Hinduism. A fascinating work, the Tamil correspondence conducted between 1712 and 1714 by the Lutheran missionaries with a number of learned Hindus reveals their desire to embark on a kind of inter-religious dialogue as a foundation for their Christian apologetics. The replies received from his “heathen” correspondents would inform much of Ziegenbalg’s interpretation of Śaivism as a form of natural monotheism. Translated into German and published in Halle, they also became part of the Pietist propaganda concerning the mission, exerting a much wider impact than Ziegenbalg’s unpublished monographs about Hindu doctrines and theology. But how authentic were these Tamil voices? Close analysis suggests that even if we conclude with the editors that the letters were what they claim to be, that is a direct translation of the work of many independent Tamil correspondents, the extent to which there was a religious “dialogue” based on reciprocity is open to question.
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Sivagnanam, K. Jothi, and K. Murugan. "Impact of Public Spending on National Food Security Mission and Farmers Livelihoods in Tamil Nadu." Journal of Land and Rural Studies 7, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321024919844408.

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National Food Security Mission (NFSM) scheme is one of the flagship schemes for the development farmer’s livelihood. The objective is to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains production to improve livelihood, particularly in rice, wheat and pulses. It is providing the modern machinery, farm management and pest management. The article intends to analyse the trends in area, production and productivity of rice in the NFSM and non-NFSM districts in Tamil Nadu. This article is divided into four sections. The first is introductory in nature; the second deals with review of literature. The third section describes the rice production in Tamil Nadu, and the fourth section describes the government spending to the NFSM scheme in Tamil Nadu. Finally, it provides concluding remarks and policy suggestions from the study.
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Muthuraj, J. Gnanaseelan. "A Survey of Tamil Christian writings in European libraries." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 117, no. 2 (April 1985): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00138407.

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What are the primary sources for the early history of the Tranquebar mission? One depends on Danish, German and English sources, in that order of priority, because the mission was initiated by the King of Denmark, executed by German missionaries and financially supported by the English. The history of Christianity in India, however, is not equivalent to the history of mission boards and missionaries, though these are necessary components of a true understanding of the history of the Church. To be fair, equal importance should be given to the Tamil sources which have been underestimated by historians. The first step must be to collect them, for there is evidence that they were neglected from the very beginning of the mission in Tamilnadu
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tamil Missions"

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Viagappan, Bernard Joseph. "Rediscovering the Theology of Lay Ministry and Presenting a Pastoral Plan: “The Integral Christian Formation Of Lay Leaders” for the Catholic Church in Tamil Nadu, India." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2018. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/545.

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Even after the Vatican II has categorically revealed the role and the place of the laity in the Church, there is so much of resistance and cynicism prevailing among the clergy and the people in the Indian Church about this clarion call of the Council. Around 90% of Catholics keep themselves passive in their faith practice. As we delay the promotion of active and full use of the lay potential, the greater the chance and number of the lay faithful losing their faith. A strong feeling of insecurity in the clergy leads to distrust of lay talents and charisms and it also leads to blocking the gifts of the Lord and limiting the participatory Church in India. As a result, the ministry of the laity has become totally dependent on the clergy, which is totally against the vision of the communion ecclesiology of Vatican II. Therefore, the creation of awareness among the lay people on their singular role in carrying out the mission of the Church in our world is essential today. To achieve this goal, this pastoral synthesis project is prepared. In an effort to understand the context of the project, first, a case is described; second, basic background of Indian socio-religious-cultural background is elaborated; third, some of the most significant biblical and traditional theological resources and reflections on laity and ministry are discussed, especially exploring teachings of Vatican II and Pope Francis; and finally, in order to help alleviate the problem, a pastoral plan of “Integral Christian Growth Formation of Lay Leaders” is presented in detail. The members of Parish Pastoral Councils, leaders of Small Christian Communities, and Catechism teachers are considered as a focus group for this formation. Though the renewal of the laity in their identity and nature is illustrated in general, the tentative project plan, in particular, is presented for the Tamil Nadu region of India. On the whole, collaborative shared ministry of laity and clergy is proposed not as a concession by the clergy, but as a norm. Thus, through this project, some thousands of committed lay leaders will be identified, trained, empowered, commissioned and followed up, which will bring great revival in the life of the Church in Tamil Nadu, India.
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Manickam, Alphonse. "Les jésuites et l'intouchabilité au Tamil Nadu : études historiques et anthropologiques sur des approches longtemps différées." Paris, EPHE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPHE4025.

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Cette thèse traite de l'histoire de l'attitude discriminatoire de l'Eglise catholique face au phénomène social de l'intouchabilité au Tamil Nadu, au sud-est de l'Inde, depuis les origines de l'expansion européenne en Asie du Sud au XVIe siècle, jusqu'à nos jours. Elle traite aussi de l'histoire des relations complexes de l'intouchabilité et des jésuites de la mission du Maduré au Tamil Nadu. La première partie, "Le présent vécu" (1970-2000), aborde le problème de l'intouchabilité à l'epoque contemporaine, en exposant la discrimination entre hautes castes et Dalits (intouchables) dans l'Église. Dans cette partie, le combat mené par les Dalits chrétiens et son basculement progressif en leur faveur grâce aux jésuites de la province du Maduré, sont longuement analysés. Le seconde partie, "Le passé relu" (XVIe- XXe siècles), est une réponse à la question suivante: "Pouquoi a-t-il fallu tant de temps pour que la Compagnie de Jésus prenne vraiment en compte les problèmes posés par l'intouchabilité?" Cette seconde partie montre comment la stratogie d'évangélisation mise en œuvre avec zèle par les missionnaires ignore pourtant la pratique de la discrimination des castes. La troisième partie, "Un avenir à construire", poursuit une réflexion sur le rôle émancipateur de la religion et expose à quelles conditions le projet de libération des Dalits chrétiens peut réellement aboutir. Elle rappelle en outre que les religions ne sont libératrices qu'à travers les engagements humains concrets qu'elles inspirent, et que la situation des Dalits chrétiens est sans issue s'ils ne rejoignent pas eux-mêmes le combat politico-social de l'ensemble des Dalits de l'Inde sur une base interconfessionnelle.
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Books on the topic "Tamil Missions"

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Modern sannyasins: Protestant missionary contribution to Ceylon Tamil culture. Bern: P. Lang, 1995.

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Daniel, Jeyaraj, ed. Tamil language for Europeans: Ziegenbalg's Grammatica Damulica (1716). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2010.

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South Indian missions: Containing glimpses into the lives and customs of the Tamil people. Westminster: Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1990.

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Protestant origins in India: Tamil Evangelical Christians, 1706-1835. Grand Rapids, Mich: William B. Eerdmans Pub., 2000.

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Institute of Indo-European Studies (Velha Goa, India), ed. Letters of the Portuguese Jesuits from Tamil countryside, 1666-1688. Pondicherry: IIES, 2001.

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Bugge, Henriette. Mission and Tamil society: Social and religious change in South India (1840-1900). Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1994.

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Caste, Catholic Christianity, and the language of conversion: Social change and cultural translation in Tamil country, 1519-1774. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2008.

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Schröder, Ulrike. Religion, Kaste und Ritual: Christliche Mission und tamilischer Hinduismus in Südindien im 19. Jahrhundert. Halle: Franckesche Stiftungen, 2009.

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Kamalanathan, F. Towards understanding the modern diaspora missions in the 21st century urban context: A study on Christian Tamil migrants in Bangalore. Delhi: ISPCK, 2016.

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Gnanadason, Joy. A forgotten history: The story of the Missionary Movement and the liberation of people in South Travancore. Madras: Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research Institute, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tamil Missions"

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Nardini, Giulia. "Cultural Translation as a Multidirectional Process in the Seventeenth-Century Madurai Mission." In Übersetzungskulturen der Frühen Neuzeit, 401–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62562-0_20.

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AbstractIn the seventeenth-century missionary context of South India, the Jesuit Roberto Nobili (1577–1656) engaged in a multi-directional process of translation, translating his Catholic mission, doctrine, and literature for a Tamil audience and adapting it to local Tamil beliefs, practices, and literature for the Roman Catholic context. Adopting theories from translation studies (Frege, Nida, Lefevere and Venuti), this paper suggests a model of “cultural translation” not only as a metaphor but as an analytical tool. Straddling the binary notion of orthodoxy-unorthodoxy, this mechanism pursues two goals: (1) it uncovers the role of translations in the construction of religions and social identities; (2) it applies the theoretical framework of “cultural translation” to illuminate the historical context of Jesuit missions in India and beyond. In doing so, it contributes to the analysis of transculturality and challenges the traditional master narrative of a homogeneous Christianity.
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Ravindran, Gopalan. "Three Tamil Diasporic Women’s One Mission: Discover New Identities." In Women in the Indian Diaspora, 105–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5951-3_9.

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Loganathan, K., J. Sowndharya, S. Vignesh, and V. Kirubakaran. "Experience of Swachh Bharat Mission with Focus on Swachh Energy: An Experience in Silvarpatti Village of Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India." In Solid Waste Policies and Strategies: Issues, Challenges and Case Studies, 113–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1543-9_10.

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Hopgood, Stephen. "Tamil Tigers, 1987–2002." In Making Sense of Suicide Missions, 43–76. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276998.003.0002.

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Bugge, Henriette. "Approach to the Study." In Mission and Tamil Society, 1–12. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003071914-2.

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Bugge, Henriette. "The Area: South Arcot District." In Mission and Tamil Society, 13–40. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003071914-3.

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Bugge, Henriette. "The Missionary Societies." In Mission and Tamil Society, 41–78. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003071914-4.

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Bugge, Henriette. "The Intermediaries: Native Priests and Catechists." In Mission and Tamil Society, 79–110. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003071914-5.

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Bugge, Henriette. "Maintaining Church Discipline." In Mission and Tamil Society, 111–41. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003071914-6.

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Bugge, Henriette. "Missionaries and Mass Movements." In Mission and Tamil Society, 142–84. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003071914-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tamil Missions"

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Pandey, Ullekh, Meena Balakrishnan, Kota Santosh Lakshmi, Anoop P, and Sundar B. "Thermal Modelling of Loop Heat Pipe for Long Duration Space Missions." In Proceedings of the 26thNational and 4th International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and Mass Transfer Conference December 17-20, 2021, IIT Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihmtc-2021.1910.

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Montomoli, F., D. Amirante, N. Hills, S. Shahpar, and M. Massini. "Uncertainty Quantification, Rare Events and Mission Optimization: Stochastic Variations of Metal Temperature During a Transient." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25398.

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Gas turbines are designed to follow specific missions and the metal temperature is usually predicted with deterministic methods. However, in real life the mission is subjected to strong variations which can affect the thermal response of the components. This paper presents a stochastic analysis of the metal temperature variations during a gas turbine transient. A Monte Carlo Method (MCM) with Meta Model is used to evaluate the probability distribution of the stator disk temperature. The MCM is applied to a series of CFD simulations of a stator well, whose geometry is modified according to the deformations predicted during the engine cycle by a coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of the metal components. It is shown that even considering a narrow band for the stochastic output, +/− σ, the transient thermal gradients can be up to two orders of magnitude greater than those obtained with a standard deterministic analysis. Moreover, a small variation in the tail of the input probability density function, a rare event, can have serious consequences on the uncertainty level of the temperature. Rare events although inevitable they are not usually considered during the design phase. In this paper it is shown for the first time that is possible to mitigate their effect, minimizing the maximum standard deviation induced by the tail of the input PDF. The mission optimization reduces the maximum standard deviation by 15% and the mean standard deviation of about 12%. The maximum thermal gradients are also reduced by 10%, although this was not the parameter used as the goal in the optimisation study.
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Ryu, Jin-Hoon, Chang-Su Park, Min-Jea Tahk, Jin-Hoon Ryu, Chang-Su Park, and Min-Jea Tahk. "Plant inversion control of tail-controlled missiles." In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3766.

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Chandra, Prafulla, and Andrew Thangaraj. "Concentration and Tail Bounds for Missing Mass." In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2019.8849429.

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Shrilatha, S., K. Aruna, Sunanda Bhagavathy, Gajendran Chellaiah, and Anirudh Gupta. "Future of electric vehicles with reference to national electric mobility mission plan at Tamil Nadu." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0066282.

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Hughson, Montgomery, Eric Blades, and Gregg Abate. "Transonic Aerodynamic Analysis of Lattice Grid Tail Fin Missiles." In 24th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3651.

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Hendricks, Terry J., Juergen Mueller, Ben I. Furst, Margarita N. Brandt, Benjamin J. Hockman, Daniel Berisford, Calin Tarau, and Kuan-Lin Lee. "Innovative Thermal Management and Control to Surmount Challenges of Exploring Ocean Worlds on Europa and Enceladus." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24114.

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Abstract Probes to penetrate the thick ice shells of our solar system’s Ocean Worlds have been studied for nearly 20 years, since scientific evidence strongly suggested a subsurface ocean on the Jupiter moon called Europa. There is keen scientific interest in exploring four significant themes on such proposed missions: 1) Geodynamics, 2) Geochemistry, 3) Habitability, and 4) Life Detection. The ice shells of Ocean Worlds are predicted to be up to 40 km thick; they exhibit extreme thermal environments, with ice temperatures from 100 K to 270 K, and extreme pressure environments from vacuum to 53 MPa. Jet Propulsion Laboratory has conducted a broad-look investigation of proposed mission concepts to Europa to identify the significant technology and operational challenges of Europa icepenetration. The thermal-mechanical system (TMS) of an ice penetration probe (IPP) mission concept designed to access the ocean of an icy moon using radioisotope thermoelectric generators for heat and power faces technological hurdles exacerbated by severe thermal and volume constraints. This study identified thermal management and control (TMC) challenges that are strongly linked to: ice penetration start-up, mobility and navigation in the ice, communications while in the ice sheet, and detecting and avoiding in-ice hazards. The major objectives of the TMC system are: 1) Absorb internal thermal energy from the IPP radioisotope power source, 2) Maintain liquid water conditions around the IPP at all times, 3) Manage and control thermal flows from probe nose to tail, and 4) Provide pressure containment for all internal probe components. This work discusses the baseline TMC system architecture and design developed to accomplish these objectives, and survive and transit the extreme ice thicknesses in pursuit of Icy/Ocean Worlds science goals. The proposed TMC system consisting of an internal pumped two-phase fluid loop “thermal bus” for thermal energy capture, variable conductance heat pipe system for passively adaptive thermal energy transport around the probe, and water jetting system for ice cutting is described and discussed. Critical testing performed to date is described.
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Sakuntharaj, Ratnasingam, and Sinnathamby Mahesan. "Missing Word Detection and Correction Based on Context of Tamil Sentences Using N-Grams." In 2021 10th International Conference on Information and Automation for Sustainability (ICIAfS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciafs52090.2021.9606025.

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Zarchan, Paul, Edwin Greenberg, and Joel Alpert. "Improving the High Altitude Performance of Tail-Controlled Endoatmospheric Missiles." In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4770.

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Mracek, Curtis, and D. Ridgely. "Optimal Control Solution for Dual (Tail and Canard) Controlled Missiles." In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6569.

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Reports on the topic "Tamil Missions"

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Krishnamurthy, Ranjani, Gayathri Sarangan, Abhilaasha Nagarajan, Reeba Devaraj, Rajesh Ramamoorthy, Blessy Oviya, and Nandini Natarajan. Gender and Social Inclusion Across the Sanitation Chain in Tamil Nadu – Assessment and Strategy. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/gsiatnas10.2019.

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Abstract:
The Government of Tamil Nadu (GoTN) has prioritised the full sanitation chain, including the strengthening of septage management as an economical and sustainable complement to networkbased sewerage systems. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) is supporting the GoTN to achieve the Sanitation Mission of Tamil Nadu through the Tamil Nadu Urban Sanitation Support Programme (TNUSSP). TNUSSP Phase I (2015-2018) was designed to support GoTN and selected cities in making improvements along the entire urban sanitation chain. In the second phase (2018– 2020), TNUSSP seeks to go one step further and integrate a gender and social inclusion (GSI) perspective within its interventions at two sites – the city of Tiruchirappalli (Trichy), and the two town panchayats (TPs) of Periyanaicken-Palayam (PNP) and Narasimhanaicken-Palayam (NNP) in Coimbatore district – along the urban sanitation cycle and in its support provided at the State level.
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