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Journal articles on the topic 'Tamil Nadu culture'
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1
M, Kayalvizhy. "History of Tamil Nadu People and Culture-A Review." Indian Journal of Tamil 1, no. 4 (December 6, 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijot2042.
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Tamil Nadu have an ancient history. But this history has not been fully revealed. Lack of evidences, unauthorised source materials where the setback for that. But K.K.Pillai’s “History of Tamil Nadu People and Culture” book has been considered as a valuable and authentic work in Tamil Nadu history. This book follows scientific method of research writings. In this book K.K. Pillai try to give full history of Tamil people from pre historic period to modern times. It also proved that Tamil people have an ancient glory and heritage. The author also rejected some false ideas about Tamils past. K.K. Pillai’s this work prevailed as an authentic and reliable work in the history of Tamil Nadu.
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K, Umadevi. "Identity of Tamil Tribal." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-7 (July 30, 2022): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s737.
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The archeological documents, the antiquity of the language, and the ethnic culture are the basic factors to know the history of Tamil. Based on these facts, the research book “Tamilar Ataiyalankal” written by researcher K. Nedunchezhiyan was published in 2006. Nine articles are included in this book which has won the best book award of 2006 by the Tamil Nadu Government annually. his article describes the establishment of Tamil values and Tamil culture by combining the triads of Tamils with the triads set by the Tamils, the astronomical thought of the Tamils, the coincidence theory that is opposite to the Vedic tradition, and the accidental events that can occur in human life, i.e. the reaction, and the worship traditions of the tribal Tamils as a set of three: prosperity-heroism-knowledge.
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M, Kayalvizhy. "Invasion of Kumara Kampana against Tamil Nadu." International Research Journal of Tamil 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2014.
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In the 13th and 14th century Tamil Nadu was attacked and ransomed by Muslim invadours of Delhi. The Delhi Sultanate successfully established a rule at Maurai city and this province was named as Mabar country. Hindu religion and and culture were suffered a lot in the hands of them. To save the religion and culture an invasion was took by Kumara Kampana prince of Vijayanagar Empaire. He made a war against Tamil Nadu and defeated the Sambuvaraya kings at first and then marched towards Madurai. Finally the Mabar Muslim rulers were defeated and the Muslim rule came to an end. Then Tamil Nadu cames under Vijayanagar rule. Kumara Kampana gave a good administration to Tamil Nadu with the help of his efficient associates. This invasion has considered as land mark in the history of Tamil Nadu.
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Arokiyaraj, Selvaraj, Gayathri Ravichandran, Athanur Chozhan, and Kannan Narayanan. "(Korean-Tamil) Language and Cultural similarities, Maritime Trade between Early Historic Tamilakam and Korea." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i3.3561.
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There are several similarities found between the Korean and Tamil culture of India that many people are unaware. The present article discusses the similarities in language, food, and culture. Probably the Iron Age trade relationship and spread of Buddhism from Tamil Nadu bound these two great maritime nations. Besides, evidence emerges from classical Tamil literature (Sangam period 600 BCE to 300 CE), archeological findings and anthropological discoveries found in Adichanallur, a pre-historic harbor site, indicate that people of Mongoloids race traveled to the ancient seaport of Korkai, Tamil Nadu and Tamil people may have traveled to Korea for trade or missionary activities. This could be the possible reason behind the language and cultural similarities between these two nations.
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Gopalan, Lalitha. "Film Culture in Chennai." Film Quarterly 62, no. 1 (2008): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2008.62.1.40.
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Abstract A survey of cinema activities in Chennai, capital of Tamil Nadu province, south India, covering: film releases, production facilities, film schools, archival screenings, and the city's emerging role as a techno-center.
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Dinesh, R., S. Boobalan, C. Anand, and J. Stephen Sampath Kumar. "Socio-economic elevation through open sea cage farming-Evidence from Mandapam region of Tamil Nadu, India." emergent Life Sciences Research 08, no. 01 (2022): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31783/elsr.2022.816062.
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Cage culture guarantees the multiplication of seafood output and revenue generation from a small unit area when compared to significant capital investment oriented onshore farming technologies. The Mandapam Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture (MCeSA) of Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU) through the cage culture demonstration as part of the NFDB-funded project ‘Open Sea Cage Culture of Marine Finfishes along the Coast of Ramanathapuram District in Tamil Nadu’ is continuously involved in disseminating this valuable technology which provides higher yield and income to meet the alternative livelihood needs and to uplift the socioeconomic conditions of the coastal fisherfolk in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu. Case studies were undertaken in the region to assess the impact of MCeSA and a success story of Mr. V. Nagadas, one of the NFDB scheme beneficiaries is shared here who has implemented the cage culture of lobster and earned a total profit of 280000 INR. The farmer's success and the MCeSA's technical guidance and support are now inspiring other fishermen to adopt the farming.
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Singh, Jayakant, and Enu Anand. "The Nexus between Child Marriage and Women Empowerment with Physical Violence in Two Culturally Distinct States of India." International Journal of Population Research 2015 (December 7, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/458654.
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Summary. We investigated the relationship between child marriage among young women and their level of empowerment with spousal physical violence in two culturally distinct states of India (Bihar and Tamil Nadu) using nationally representative survey data. Empowerment index was calculated taking into account parameters such as mobility, economic independence, and decision-making power of a woman using Principal Component Analysis method. Lower level of women empowerment was significantly associated with physical violence in Tamil Nadu (OR = 2.38, p<0.01) whereas marriage before the age of 15 was associated with physical violence in Bihar (OR = 3.27, p<0.001). The mean age at marriage was low among women who reported physical violence as compared to those who did not report physical violence across Bihar and Tamil Nadu and at all India level. Although the majority of the women in Tamil Nadu justified wife beating and witnessed father beating mother as compared to the women from Bihar, however, they were less likely to report physical violence than women from Bihar. Factors contributing to physical violence are distinct in Bihar and Tamil Nadu. Culture specific intervention may be considered while planning intervention strategies to curb spousal violence against women.
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G, Uma. "Cultural Elements of Agricultural People found in Periyapuranam." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-16 (December 12, 2022): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s167.
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Periyapuranam is a Tamil text, although the text is seen as a devotional literature, it can be considered as a historical treasury of Tamil Nadu in order to explain the culture of Tamils. In such a way this article helps us to know the cultural elements of agriculturalists in the Nayanmar period. It clearly shows the devotion of the Nayanmars and their attachment to the lord. While discussing the history of the Nayanmars the wealth of the city and country, the professions and the noble deeds of the servants are revealed. The article gives a clear information about agriculture which is the basic occupation of Tamil people.
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B, Nagajothi. "Ethnographic Aspects of Nanjil Nadu People in Jayanmohan’s Works." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-17 (December 17, 2022): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1729.
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Ethnography sums up elements of a particular community and people, such as culture, customs, habitation, the geography of the area where they live, water, land, animals, plants, caste hierarchies, power systems, etc. Jayamohan is a well-known author in the Tamil and Malayalam literary worlds. He made the legends, old traditional stories, and myths of India re-read by the readers. He was born into a Malayali Nair family, and Malayalam became his mother tongue. He became well acquainted with the Tamil language because he studied and worked in Tamil Nadu. He started publishing works in both languages. It is only natural that the people of Nanjil Nadu, where he lived, found a place in his works. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the soil, water, forest, animals, plants, people, and their culture on the basis of the ethnography of Nanjil Nadu, which is included in the works of the creator, Jayamohan.
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M, Selvakumar. "Cultural Genetics in Ettutthokai (Eight Anthologies)." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 30, 2022): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s632.
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The term "Culture" was coined at a later stage. This terminology is found in the Sangam literature in terms such as attributive, worthy men, ill-mannered, etc. It was in Tamil Nadu that the Tamil people, the primitive people, originated. It is the unanimous decision of historians that the human race originated. It was the Tamils who emerged in the early times and attained the maturity of civilization and the knowledge of life that led them to become the greatest in culture. Therefore, it can be realised that the Tamil race was the race that brought civilization and culture to the world and trained them. There are certain unique features and characteristics of such a Tamil race. Tolkappiyam and Sangam's works of literature are considered to be the oldest books available to us today. It is divided into internal and external parts. Also, it can be seen that the concept of cultural genetics refers to the lifestyles of people. Culture can be defined as the absorption of traditional customs and rituals of the people. Through its poetry, the Etthutthokai has captured the cultures of the ancient peoples. Following a good culture, it becomes an ideal platform for people to achieve higher goals in their lives. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the modern cultural genealogy of the ancient peoples is aligned with today's texts and the current status of cultural traditions by befitting the culture of ancient people.
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S, Anandakumar. "Need to Know the Tribes of Tamil Nadu." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (February 28, 2022): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s251.
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Tribes are those who have seen the evolving changes from the ancient ways of life and have regulated their lives. Their social organization culture and culture is found according to the context in which they live. The so-called tribes are variously called in Tamil. Politicians refer to them as savages, literati, hill people, rain people, Tolkudi, Mudukudi, Adigudi, Purvagudi, and Gandhians refer to Gandhi as Kirijan. The tribe is an educated social group. These are people who can consistently live in a common place. Speakers of the common dialect are those who have a common one-sided social morality. Followers of common ancestral beliefs panchayat systems and religious belief systems. The Fifth Principle of Sangam Literature shows that it was the hill people who formed the way of life and culture of the ancient Tamil community according to their landscape. Thus, the majority of the indigenous people are indigenous peoples with traditional cultural identities.
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R, Manikannan. "Folktales of Tamil Nadu and the Grimm brothers’ folktales - A comparison." International Research Journal of Tamil 2, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2046.
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Efforts to assess tamil culture on a global scale have been made through classical literature. More new information and results will be revealed when we evaluate the original oral works on the global platform than the classical classics that have the elements of verbal literature. Although tamil comparative studies have been carried out in a wide range of different types and versatile languages, the fields of comparative research in ancient languages like Tamil are emerging. The stories in the Tamil nadu folk lore published by Dr. Ramanathan and the folklore of The German and Ireland published by the Grim brothers have been comparatively studied.
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V, Vijayalakshmi. "Bharthi's Language Personality." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-11 (September 10, 2022): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1128.
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Bharathi was the one who came to refine this world with his singing talent. He showed a new way to high Tamil who showed good manners. He stepped into the world of journalism at a time when nationalism was floating in Tamil Nadu. He was a multilingual scholar. Apart from his mother tongue, Tamil, he was proficient in English, French, Telugu, and Sanskrit. However, he compares Tamil with these languages and praises it as a superior classical language. Bharathi, who was born in the southern part of Tamil Nadu as a moon, came to protect the pride and heritage of our culture and to remove the darkness of slavery. He came to practise this because of singing. He used the Tamil language as a weapon to oppose the white man and as a flower for the people. Language is a tool of communication. There is nothing special about it. Its special ability is revealed in the one who handles the language. Pavendher, while referring to Bharathi's language, has mentioned that Tamil was qualified by Bharathi because he enriched the Tamil language with his poetry. The work will affect everyone who reads Bharathi's work. A Tamil will forget himself and become attached to the Tamil language and the Tamil nadu. In the hearts of the enslaved people, he raised the voice of struggle for the freedom and rights of the individual. His linguistic personality is the reason for such pride. He extols the pride of the Tamil language by saying, "Among all the languages that I've known, there's none as sweet as Tamil." This shows his attachment to the Tamil language. The goal of this investigation is to show how his attachment to his mother tongue has revealed language personality in his works.
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Karupiah, Premalatha. "International migration and gendered dreams of youths in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 27, no. 3 (June 21, 2018): 323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196818781593.
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This paper discusses how the culture of migration influences the aspirations of undergraduate students in Tamil Nadu. Migration aspirations among Tamil youths may be influenced by strong historical and contemporary migration culture. Data for this study were collected by conducting in-depth interviews with 30 undergraduate students in Chennai. Findings were divided into three main themes: career-focused versus marriage-focused plans after graduation; escaping gendered and hierarchical relationships; and having a US-born child. The findings show that male students tended to focus on career and family obligations while female students focused on marriage migration. This study shows that a culture of migration, family obligation and the influence of traditional gender roles influence youths’ migration dreams.
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Dharmalingam, B., M. S. Kanagathara, M. Muthumari, and P. Avanthraj. "Dance form of Karagattam - The Regional Folk Dance in Tamil Nadu." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i1.485.
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India is a land of varied cultures and traditions, diversities in all spheres which make the Indian culture quite unique. Indian folk and tribal dances are the product of different socio-economic set up and traditions evolved over ages.. In India, we have festivals and celebrations virtually every day and dances are performed to express joy and festivity. This has added to the richness of Indian culture. Since every festival is accompanied by celebration of folk and tribal dances and almost all of them have continually evolved and improvised.
In India, we have festivals and celebrations virtually every day and dances are performed to express joy and festivity. This has added to the richness of Indian culture. Since every festival is accompanied by celebration of folk and tribal dances and almost all of them have continually evolved and improvised. Folk dances are performed for every possible occasion – to celebrate the arrival of season’s birth of a child, a wedding and festivals which are plenty with minimum of steps or movements. Indian folk dances are full of energy vitality. Some dances are performed separately by men and women while in some performances, men and women dance together.
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Devi, P., P. Padmavathy, A. Srinivasan, and P. Jawahar. "Environmental Impact of Cage Culture on Poondi Reservoir, Tamil Nadu." Current World Environment 10, no. 3 (December 25, 2015): 1048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.3.39.
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The present investigation was carried out in Poondi reservoir, Tamil Nadu, for a period of 8 months from September, 2014 to April, 2015 where the cage culture has been already initiated by the state fisheries department. The water and sediment samples were collected from the reservoir at point and non- point sources of the cage culture units and were analyzed for their physico-chemical parameters. The total microbial load, E. coli and feacal streptococci population were also assessed from the reservoir. During the study period, pH, sulphate, nitrate and BOD values were found within the permissible range for drinking water quality. The alkalinity values were found optimum in the reservoir water. The sediment characteristics such as pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and available phosphorus values were also found to be within the standard limit. The optimum water and sediment quality characteristics and the absence of E. coli and feacal streptococci observed in the cage culture unit clearly showed that the small cage farming in the reservoir does not have major environmental impacts on the water and sediment quality.
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P, Kamalakannan. "Thanthai Periyar's Humanistic Principles." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (July 13, 2022): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s512.
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Father Periyar was a great personality of Tamil Nadu. Who developed a theoretical definition of the struggle for social justice? Periyar's ideas will give a new impetus not only to yesterday, but also to future activists. This article is written to highlight Periyar's views, especially on art, literature and culture, and to raise awareness for future generations. This article examines Periyar's humanitarian theory, Periyar's unique contributions to the struggle for social justice, and Periyar's views on art literature. It seeks to explain the purpose for which Periyar worked to create a harmonious society, and how he historically assessed the culture, worship traditions, and mythology of Tamil Nadu. This study addresses the need for the development of periology as a theory from a sociological perspective. Thus, this study seeks to establish that Periyar is the one who belongs to all time.
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Aruljothi, C., and S. Ramaswamy. "Pilgrimage Tourism: A Study on Palani Temple, Tamil Nadu." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.8.6.
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India is a large country with great traditions, culture, and civilization. India has 4000 years of fertile civilized life with planned cities, monumental temples, mosques and churches, palaces, sculptures, paintings and various artistic creations. These scenic beauties have made India one of the most famous tourist destinations in the world. The Tourism potential of any country mainly depends on its climate, scenery, historical monuments, arts, tradition, festivals and the society. If any place or area or spot possesses all these characters and potentials, we may call it as a tourist centre or pilgrim centre. Tamil Nadu, a southern State of India, is a land of charm with ancient traditions; the picturesque land of Tamil Nadu has towering temples with magnificent architecture and sculptures, art galleries and heterogeneous natural beauty, existing on the hills and mountains. Tamil Nadu is flooded with different cultural, spiritual and religious centres like Madurai, Rameswaram, Kanyakumari, Tanjavur, Kumbakonam, Trichy, Kancheepuram, Chidambaram, Tiruvannamalai and Palani. Religious institutions like temples in Tamil Nadu have been playing a multifaceted role in religious, social, economic and cultural life of the Tamil community. Moreover, temples are considered as producers, land owners, trustees,employers, pilgrim centres and institutions. There are studies conducted in cultural and spiritual tourism centres, which focus on heritage, culture and the historical aspects. But studies that focus on economic aspects of such centres are scanty. With this background, the authors have made an attempt to study the memories and reminiscence of 150 Pilgrimage tourists, who visited Palani Temple; one of the Six abodes of Lord Muruga located in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, with an objective of examining the social and economic characteristics of the pilgrimage tourists; and identify their major problems and suggest ways and means for promoting pilgrimage tourism in Palani. The Primary data has been collected through interview schedules. The interview schedule was pre-tested, modified and well- structured, and was used for obtaining information and data from the cultural-spiritual tourists, who are visiting the Palani temple. Secondary data in connection with the Palani temple were also gathered from the office of the Commissioner, Palani temple. Further, the authors have collected data and information from 150 tourists who visited the Palani temple during June-July 2011. The tourists were purposively selected in different spots in and around the Palani temple. For the purpose of analyzing the data, simple tools like ratio, percentage and average were used
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S, Jeyashree. "Rama Ravana Battle Scenes in Tamil Temple Sculptures." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (February 28, 2022): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s253.
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The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are immortal epics that are the treasury of Indian culture. Both epics convey the values and ideals that people need. The Ramayana written in the Northern language by Valmiki is in some way the source for other Indian language Ramayanas. Kambana in Tamil and Konaputharetti in Telugu have composed Kambaramayana and Iranganatha Ramayana respectively. Sculptures can be found in the temples of Tamil Nadu including these three language Ramayanas. Thus, it is possible to realize that literature and art are interrelated. Many of the Alvars in the Vaishnava literary four-thousandth Prabhupada exemplify the message of Ramavatara. Among the Alvars, Kulasekara gives the Ramavatara reference. References to the Ramayana are also baked into vegetarian literature. The Ashoka Pillar of the Mauryan period is the beginning of the stone sculpture. Horoscope Ramayana messages in India are inscribed on Buddhist monuments. Although Rama, Krishna and Narasimhan are notable among the three incarnations of the Vaishnava deity Thirumal in Tamil Nadu, the influence on the Ramayana is due to the large number of sculptures about Rama. The Vedic Cholas in Tamil Nadu have created Vaishnava Ramayana sculptures in their temples. The influence of Vaishnavism was greatest during the Vijayanagara Nayak period following the Chola period. The Vijayanagara Nayaks built roundabouts, planes, towers, etc., along with the foundations of the temple. Of these, sculptures were placed on stones and sutas. Ravanavatha is featured in the war to fulfill the purpose of Ramavatar. The battle of Rama Ravana and Ravanavatha can be seen in the temples of Tamil Nadu as sculptures of this event.
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Fazal Daoud Firdausi, S. "Political Culture and Tourism Development: A Case Study of Tamil Nadu State." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.2.1574.
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Tourism development in any region is influenced by political culture and processes. It is inherently linked to the policies, agenda, decisions, outcomes and the type of government responsible for shaping policies related to tourism. The paper tries to find out the impact of political culture on tourism development. It also aims to assess the role of political culture in influencing tourist motivation through the data collected from urban tourist centres of the Southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Mixed method, consisting qualitative interpretation as well as descriptive and inferential statistics has been used to draw conclusions. It has come out from the study that the political culture of Tamil Nadu state may be characterized as a mix of subject and participant culture, where latter dominates the former. It can be concluded that the people of the state have always participated in political process through voting and changing the regime from time to time. The study also indicates that most of the people of the state are aware of their political obligations and actively participate in social campaigns and civic life. It can be concluded that the existing political culture in the state has compelled the political elite to think and work for the development of the state, including tourism development.
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V, Gunapalasingam, Mumthaj Sameem M.S.J, and Suresh R. "A comparative perspective of fact in Thirukkural and Thiruvarutpayan." Indian Journal of Tamil 3, no. 3 (June 9, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2231.
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In Tamil Nadu, literature is one of the prime sources of information on religion, culture, history, philosophy, social customs, beliefs, etc. Literature that originated in the history of Tamil Nadu from time to time identifies the unique features of those times. In the development of Tamil literature, the period in which moral literature originated is called the Moral Era distinctively, which is the same time where many philosophical works of literature refer to the period of origin as the period of philosophical ethics. This study reveals the uniqueness and the generalities of God as claimed in Thirukkural and the God as portrayed in the literature of Thiruvarutpayan that originated in the philosophical period. In particular, this article gives a comparative basis for the ideas that come to mind in the 36th chapter on the power of realization in Thirukkural, and on the three elements that can be found in Thiruvarutpayana, viz., God, Life, and affection.
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V, Amutha. "The Domestic Culture Shown by Valluvar." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (July 30, 2022): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s637.
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Thirukkural, the sweet, living entity of the Tamil man, is divided into three divisions, namely, virtue, wealth, and pleasure, and consists of 133 chapters and 1330 couplets in nine parts. Thirukkural is translated into more than 110 languages. Manakkudavar was the first to write the foreword to this book, which has been translated into the second most widely translated language in the world. Nevertheless, Parimelazhagar's foreword is hailed as the best text. Malaiyatthuvasamakanar Gnanaprakasam published this book in Thanjavur in 1812. Thirukkural has been praised by Leo Tolstoy, Bernard Shaw, G.U. Pope, Veerama Munivar, and many others. Bharathi said that Tamil Nadu has become famous by giving Valluvan to the world, and Bharathidasan praised that this world received fame due to having Valluvan. This article is intended to examine the cultural records found in the chapter on Married Life in Domestic Virtue in such an excellent Thirukkural.
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Venkatachalapathy, A. R. "Domesticating the novel: Society and culture in inter-War Tamil Nadu." Indian Economic & Social History Review 34, no. 1 (March 1997): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946469703400103.
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Naveen, A. M., and Dr Vidhya Priya P. "A Case Study of the Impact of Culture on the Construction Projects in Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd10865.
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Price, Pamela. "Revolution and Rank in Tamil Nationalism." Journal of Asian Studies 55, no. 2 (May 1996): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2943363.
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From the 1920s to the late 1960s, Tamil nationalism in India was characterized by elements of radical innovation which made the Dravidian movement a mobilization for cultural revolution, in Tamil terms, as well as for the defense of Tamil interests vis-à-vis the central government. In the last twenty years concern for the ordinary person has manifested itself in extravagant displays of state largess and the encouragement of personality cults directed toward Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu. I delineate below major ideological themes of the nationalist cultural revolution and argue that these ideological elements, while representing change in Tamil political culture, were in many ways deeply anchored in prerevolutionary political concerns supported by institutions and symbolic systems with precolonial antecedents. I link these ideological elements to the dissolution of radicalism in Tamil nationalism and to the emergence of a style of governance which has undermined standards of public administration.
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Marisamy, B. "A Study on Tourist Satisfaction of Heritage Centres towards in and Around Karaikudi in Sivagangai District." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v7i3.530.
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The states rich cultural heritage is one of the big attractions for the tourists. The State Government has declared 48 tourist centers in Tamil Nadu as famous places of heritage. The tourists, particularly the foreigners, have a particular liking for Tamil Nadu because of its art, culture, architecture, traditional crafts, cuisine, etc. Hence, keeping given the tourist satisfaction of heritage centers, about the situation, proper guidance and support to the tourism industry can be of immense use in negotiating in the desired direction of development of tourism industry. Taking into account, all these aspects analyzed in the study. The sample population used for this research comprises of 100. Both domestic and foreign tourists selected from the study area based on the random sample technique. The data have been analyzed to verify the hypotheses framed in line with the objectives of the study applying the statistical data, namely percentage analysis, weighted average, and chi-square test thereby facilitating fast analysis and straightforward interpretation. The study has been aimed to alert the government of Tamil Nadu to identify the sources in this district to boost tourism and make it the most significant industry as a compensation for the lack of other industries in this study area. The present study attempts to analyze "A study on tourist satisfaction of heritage centers towards in and around karaikudi in sivagangai district."
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T, Durga Devi. "Proverbs of Arittapatti and its Reflection on the Society." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 3 (June 29, 2022): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22312.
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Oral traditions are the historical and geographical shadow of a country. They are the messages that are transmitted orally from one generation to another. The messages may be passed down through speech, song, folktales, mythological stories and narrations, proverbs and sayings. They are the gems of the ancient wisdom and knowledge of a society. They provide information about the daily life of the people of the region. Especially, proverbs help to understand the customs and traditions, religious practices and the heritage of the society. They play the pivotal role in the anthropological, historical and cultural study. India is the land of villages is famous for its diverse culture embedded with oral tradiitons. Especially, Tamil Nadu is the treasure house of oral traditions. Though there are reports describing the significance of the oral traditions focusing Tamil Nadu, this study aims to highight the association of proverbs in the day to day life of the village community, Arittaptti, even today.
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Suresh, Mr M., and Dr S. Mahalingam. "The Impact of Employee Loyalty Towards BSMED, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Indiaal Culture on BSMED, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Indiaal Performance Reference to Private Banks In Coimbatore City." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 1229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18611.
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A, Gurumoorthi. "Bharathidasan's Dravidian Ideology in Poetic Plays." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (August 25, 2022): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s542.
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The extensive use of his ideas through drama has been continuous since time immemorial. The structure of the play is what man created for the rest of time in the form of a story based on his fantasies. Bharathidasan's plays are a repository of all Dravidian ideologies such as self-respect, rationalism, feminist emancipation, communism, brahmanism, and denial of God. Of these, what we have taken into consideration are the Veera Thai drama, which explains that women are a symbol of heroism, the sea-top bubble drama that deals with communist ideas, and the play Puthukkaradi, which explains how the Aryans who changed Tamil culture introduced their ideas into Tamil Nadu.
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Czerniak-Drożdżowicz, Marzenna, and Anna Ślączka. "Cōḻa Bronzes in the Context of the History and Culture of Tamil Nadu." Art of the Orient 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 109–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/aoto201608.
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Aravinthon, Suhanya. "Padam in Historical Perspective." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22216.
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It is a fact of history that songs have appeared in Tamil art culture from time to time and have enriched the arts. Language and art are generally interdependent within the cultural elements of a community. In this way, it is possible to know through the histories that the genres of songs have changed without any change in the cultural changes that have taken place in the history of music and dance in Tamil Nadu from time to time. This article is intended as a historical overview of the genre of Padam, an item that is considered important in the Carnatic music and Bharatanatyam tradition. This article will annualize about what we mean by term, the source, content, usage of this term and other aspects in Padam.
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Costanza Torri, Maria. "Increasing Knowledge and Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants by Local Communities in Tamil Nadu: Promoting Self-Reliance at the Grassroots Level Through a Community-Based Entrepreneurship Initiative." Complementary health practice review 15, no. 1 (January 2010): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533210110379938.
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The presence of traditional medicine (TM) and medical practitioners in remote areas of the world is well documented by anthropological studies. However, social, cultural, and environmental factors influencing health and traditional health systems are usually analyzed separately, ignoring the interlinkages existing among them and the resulting synergies, as well as the impact these will have on multiple aspects of local communities. This article presents an innovative and integrated approach to the promotion of a traditional health knowledge system through a community-based entrepreneurship initiative, the Gram Mooligai Company Limited (GMCL), operating in Tamil Nadu (India). The field study took place in Tamil Nadu over a period of 4 months. The data were collected through individual and group interviews and were complemented by participant observations. The research highlights the existence of a strong relationship between commercial initiatives centered on ethnomedicine, enhancement of local livelihoods, gender empowerment, and conservation and enhancement of traditional knowledge through community capacity building. The article points out the importance of promoting and sustaining community initiatives such as GMCL with appropriate policies and affirms the necessity of reinforcing the links among culture, conservation, and socioeconomic development of local communities, particularly among the most vulnerable sectors of society.
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Ramaswamy, Vijaya. "Book Review: History and Culture of Tamil Nadu—As Gleaned from the Sanskrit Inscriptions." Indian Historical Review 35, no. 1 (January 2008): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/037698360803500115.
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Rajeshwari, M., and A. Amirthavalli. "A Study on Jainism History, Philosophy and Traditions in Tamilnadu." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i4.3659.
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In Tamil Nadu Hinduism and Buddhism, Jainism is one of the three oldest Indian strict conventions still in presence and a necessary piece of South indian strict conviction and practice. While frequently utilizing ideas imparted to Hinduism and Buddhism, the consequence of a typical social and phonetic foundation, the Jain convention should be viewed as a free marvel as opposed to as a Hindu order or a Buddhist blasphemy, as some previous Western researchers accepted. In South India, Jainism is minimal in overflow of a name. Indeed, even genuine understudies of religion in India gave little consideration to it. In a populace of almost 60 crores of individuals, Jainas may establish almost nearly 3 million individuals. Jainism is the religion of the Jains who follow the way, lectured and rehearsed by the Jinas. It is a fully evolved and grounded religion and social framework that rose up out of 6 century BC .The trademark highlight of this religion is its case to all inclusiveness which it holds essentially contrary to Brahmanism. It very well may be said that throughout the previous 2500 years the Jains have contributed such a huge amount to each circle of life of Indian individuals both as a religion and a way of thinking. They contributed a lot to the regions of culture, language, exchange and agribusiness, or all in all the Jains opened up another period of human thoughts and musings. In Indian History, endeavors were made to contemplate Jainism as a religion and its commitments yet focus on the Jain movement into Tamil Nadu and its effects are restricted. An endeavor is made in this examination to investigate the recorded geology of the Jain focuses in Tamil Nadu.
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V, Gunapalasingam, and Mumthaj Sameem M.S.J. "Mahakavi Subramania Bharathiyar in Cultural Dimensions of Sri Lankan Tamils – A Study." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-11 (September 10, 2022): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1120.
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Relations between Sri Lankan Tamils and Tamil Nadu are indigenous. They are multidimensional. They span politics, geography, history, commerce, literature, art, culture, religion, and worship. Due to the popularity of Tamil personalities, it is common for their names to influence the cultural spheres of Sri Lankan Tamils. It is common practise to put the names of active personalities on corporate organisations and projects. In such a background, this research is carried out by proposing the research problem that the name of Mahakavi Bharathiyar has influenced the cultural sites of Sri Lankan Tamils. Bharathiar belongs to the list of freedom fighters who fought for India till its independence. During the colonial period, Bharathiyar resistance was seen in two ways. One is a chant against the oppressive system of foreigners, and the other is a chant against the backward ideas found in society. Through his works, Bharathiyar is notable among those who brought both of these to the masses. It is worth noting here that it was Swami Vibulananda who introduced Bharathiyar and his works to Sri Lankan Tamils. As a result, it seems that a revolutionary movement about Bharathiyar has spread among the Sri Lankan Tamils. It caused great changes in the socio-cultural sphere. Thus, Bharathi's name has gained a stable place among Sri Lankan Tamils. Bharathiyar's name spans government schools, reading roads, social charities, women's liberation organizations, newspapers, magazines, sports clubs, street names, personal names, etc. Bharathiyar's creations have also been studied at the same time that lessons about Bharathiyar have been included in the art programmes of educational institutions such as government schools and universities. Memorial lectures, study conferences, etc. have also been started in honour of Bharathiyar. Statues of Bharathiyar have been installed and many memorials have appeared in all the places where Sri Lankan Tamils live today. It is noteworthy that these activities are a sign of the Bharathi Tamil historical period and his presence here is also evident from the study.
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Hancock, Mary. "Subjects of Heritage in Urban Southern India." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 20, no. 6 (December 2002): 693–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d343.
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In this paper I deal with a recent effort, conducted jointly by corporate and voluntary bodies, to create a themed cultural environment in Chennai (formerly Madras), the capital city of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This project, not yet completed, fuses craft center with architectural reconstruction, and is the work of upper-caste, globally connected elites. The site, Dakshina Chitra, envisions southern Indian culture and history in ways that are tied to consumerism and to elite perceptions of regional and national heritage. This effort departs from and poses a critique of the versions of culture, history, and identity that have been inscribed by the state in urban public space during the second half of the 20th century—the statues, monuments, and memorials that celebrate Tamil ethnicity as promulgated in the Dravidianist sociopolitical movement. This movement, which originated in the late 19th century, provided a platform for anticolonial and subaltern social movements. It continues in the hands of the political parties who have controlled, at different times, the government of Tamil Nadu since 1967. The competing discourses on heritage posed by these different projects are indicative of political, economic, and cultural transformations associated with liberalization that are now reconfiguring the relations between state and society in southern India. The constructions of locality and history that became visible during the anticolonial struggle of the first half of the 20th century are being challenged by alternative formulations as heritage becomes a marketable good and consumption becomes a vehicle of political participation. With this case I consider the ways that themed urban environments serve not only as indices of the changing political economy, but also as markers of changes in the cultural mediation of political subjectivity.
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Kumar, Radha, and Purusothaman Srinivasan. "A study of clinical and laboratory profile of scrub typhus in children in a tertiary hospital in South India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 2 (February 22, 2017): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20170693.
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Background: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi. The present study was conducted to study the clinical features, laboratory profile, complications and response to therapy among children suffering from scrub typhus in a tertiary health care institution of Tamil Nadu, India.Methods: The study was conducted at Saveetha Medical College Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India. Duration of the study was from August to December, 2015 in the Department of Pediatrics. Children with clinically suspected Scrub typhus were subjected to detailed clinical examination and investigation. Diagnosis of scrub typhus was confirmed by IgM ELISA. Results: 34 patients were diagnosed as suffering from scrub typhus. Common symptoms noted were fever, headache, cough and cold, chills, rigor, myalgia and vomiting. The common complications noted were thrombocytopenia in 16 children (47%) and features of meningoencephalitis and hepatitis were present in 2 children (5.8%). Eschar was identified in 24 (70.5%) patients. Mixed infection was seen in 4 (11.7%) children who had concurrent culture positive Urinary Tract Infection. Conclusions: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness which requires high index of suspicion for early diagnosis, monitoring of the clinical and laboratory parameters and prompt treatment which may help in complete cure without further complications and morbidity.
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K, Manivasagam. "Murugan myth - Morality stands and lives long - Religion and religious norms." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-2 (April 30, 2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s213.
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Ideological forms have been one of the cultural forms of human dialectics. When ideologies were designed to develop human psychology, all the functional forms of human movement were formed with the focus of the ideology. In that respect, the ideological invasion and its cult ivory have been carried out all over the world. In the broad era, vedic cultural creations and ideologies dominated the ideological forms of the landscape or the aboriginal peoples. They were also built up as the first and the highest. The arrival of aryans and the spread of Aryan culture led to the creation of many myths in the form of a number of north Indian gods with Muruga. The myths of murugan's birth were created. Thirumurukaattupadai mentions many myths. All these myths are related to murugan myths and are made to speak the specialities of Muruga. It is not the Tamil tradition to build myths and worship myths as gods. Yet myths were widely distributed in Tamil nadu and myths were accepted by the Tamil people as worship gods.
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Muralidaran, C., S. Malathi, and S. Banumathy. "Optimizing the nitrogen fertilizer requirement for prerelease short duration rice cultures in North Eastern zone of Tamil Nadu." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 16, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/16.2/126-130.
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Field experiments were conducted for two years during 2017 and 2018 at Rice Research Station, Tirur to optimize nitrogen fertilizer requirement for pre-release rice cultures TM10085, TM 07335, TM 07030 along with the check variety CO51. The trial was conducted in split plot design with three replications and the main plot consisted of three pre-released rice cultures along with one check variety. The sub plot consisted of three fertilizers doses viz., 150-50-50 NPK kg/ha, 175-50- 50 NPK kg/ha and 125-50-50 NPK kg/ha. In this experiment, the rice culture TM10085, along with fertilizer application of 150-50-50 NPK kg/ha recorded the highest grain yield of 5505 kg/ha during 2018. This treatment also registered highest growth, yield attributes and benefit cost ratio in Tirur, Tiruvallur district of North Eastern Zone, Tamil Nadu.
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Chandru, S., and K. Thirumalaisamy. "Status of Narikoravar (A Type of Gypsy Community) Women Entrepreneur in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.2.1565.
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The gypsies are indigenous people whose main occupation were hunting but are also considered as one of the greatest bandit communities in south India. The word gypsies is derived from Europe, which means nomadic people. Tamil Nadu is a home to various categories of gypsies, and among them the nomadic tribes or gypsy named as Koravar (or) Narikoravan (or) Kuruvikaran stands in the forefront. The occupation of Narikoravar community is mostly hunting jackals and other wild animals. Later, due to the government ban on possession of fire arms, the Narikoravar community changed their occupation to selling handicrafts. Narikoravar women has always taken a background role-subordinate to the figure of men as the “bread winner”, and were shut away” in their family home. Comparing with women of other community, the Narikoravar women has more responsibilities that are imposed on her that resists her self-development. The plight of these women is mainly due to their upbringing in their family and culture. The nomadic nature of their culture, pose an obstacle for them to make a permanent income for their livelihood. They are economically poor and have engaged in self entrepreneurial business for their livelihood like selling fancy items, grocery items, soft toys making, ornaments and beads making etc. Even though they have an ability and skill in entrepreneurship business, they lack in upgrading their skills with technological enhancement. Hence, the researcher has focused on socio-economic conditions of the respondents, understanding the problems faced by women entrepreneurs and their awareness about government welfare schemes. The research also throws light on the status of women entrepreneurs, their economic status and their awareness about these schemes by employing appropriate statistical methods.
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T, Gomathi, and Dhanalakshmi V. "The Religious Thoughts of Vallalar and Bharathiyar." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-11 (September 9, 2022): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1112.
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In the Nineteenth Century in Tamil Nadu, there was a remarkable awakening in the field of religion. A revolution took place all over the country due to the civilised language and cultural projections of foreign rule. Many new creations were created to revive and awaken the slumbering population. There was an awakening, especially in the spiritual world. Two great divisions arose in the spiritual-religious world. They were innovators who wanted to change Tamil society according to the newly spread English education system, culture, and religious objectives. On the other hand, the conservatives started to adhere to a tradition that should not be changed. Both these reactions are disastrous for the country. Therefore, Ramalinga Vallalar said that a conservative is also needed and also the innovative. In both cases, he did religious work with the aim of being a recipient and a pusher. This article examines his religious works and ideas in detail.
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P, Saranya. "The Role and Contribution of Vyasar and Villi Baratha’s in the Vainava Religious propaganda in Tamil Nadu." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-2 (April 30, 2021): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s239.
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In Indian Culture, ‘Baratham’ take the prominent roles to make national integration and social, religious life culture. In Tamilnadu for the Vainava religious propaganda Vyasa, Villi Baratha’s role and Contribution is inevitable. In this articles narrated the role and contribution of vyasar and villi Baratha is for the Vainava religious propaganda in Tamilnadu. The aim and objectives of this articles is to find out the role and contribution of Vyasar and Villi Baratha’s in the vainava religious propaganda in Tamilnadu. In this articles mythological Approach Descriptive Criticism and Analytical Criticism are followed.
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Jayashree, B., Aram Arul, and Ibrahim Yasmin. "The voices of culture, conservation and the media event around bullfight Jallikattu in Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Media and Communication Studies 11, no. 3 (March 31, 2019): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jmcs2018.0644.
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Kumari, K. Bharath, and R. Sivakami. "Occurrence of Achlya species in Eutrophic Fresh Water Culture Fishes of Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review 5, no. 11 (December 20, 2017): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrar.2017.511.007.
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C.M, Ganesan, and Kumaresan G. "ETHNOMEDICINAL APPROACHES FOR TREATING VARIOUS DISEASE BY IRULAS TRIBALS, KONBANUR VILLAGE, ANAIKATTI HILLS,THE WESTERN GHATS, COIMBATORE DISTRICT." Kongunadu Research Journal 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj195.
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Indigenous traditional Knowledge is an integral part of the culture and history of a local community.It evolves through years of regular experimentation on the day to day life and available resources surrounded by the community. The present paper documented 85 ethno-medicinal plants of Konbanur village, Anaikatti,Coimbatore district, the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu belonging to 48 families were used by the Irula tribals for various diseases and food. The conventional ethno medicinal plants were mostly used for different inflammation, cough and cold, leucoderma, different skin diseases, ulcers and leprosy. The ethnomedicinalplants are arranged alphabetically followed by botanical name, family, local name and medicinal uses.
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Masilamani, Poomaruthai, Venugopal Rajanbabu, Arumugam Alagesan, Velanganni Albert, and Subramanian Venkatesan. "Patterns of dormancy and germination in teak seeds collected from the farmland and forest plantations in Tamil Nadu, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-3470r9.
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In-vivo and in-vitro germination trials were done on the teak (Tectona grandis) seeds collected from a farmland and forest plantation in Tamil Nadu. Under in-vivo pot culture condition very low germination percent of drupes was observed in seed collected from plantation(Top slip) and famrland (Kumulur). When true seeds isolated from the drupes were grown under in vitro condition in half strength MS medium, the germination percent was significantly increased up to 63.3 per cent. True seed germination among two teak sources showed the presence of mechanical dormancy which was a major limiting factor for poor drupe germination for deployment of superior genetic materials.
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C.Thilip, P. Raja, K.Mohamed Rafi, K.P.Faizal, G.Thiagu, A.Aslam, and A. Shajahan. "Genetic Transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes for the Production of Valuable Anti-Cancer Compound, Withaferin-A from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal." Jamal Academic Research Journal : An Interdisciplinary 1, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.46947/jarj1120201.
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Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is an important ayurvedic medicinal plant and its primary bioactive compound, withaferin-A possess several pharmaceutical and therapeutic values ranging from immunomodulation to anti-cancer property. For commercial production of withaferin-A, field grown plant materials have generally been used but the quality and uniformity in the levels of active constituents are highly affected by genotype and environmental conditions. Plant tissue culture methods are best alternative way to enhance commercial production of withaferin-A. In this present study, we summarize our recent findings on characterization and screening of wild accessions of W. somnifera collected from Tamil Nadu state. Further, an improved Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated hairy root culture system was developed and this system providing an efficient tool attaining better transformation efficiency and useful for commercial in vitro production of withanolides.
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S.D, Sumathi. "The History of "Aayar" (Shephard) as Indicated in Mullaikali." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-10 (August 12, 2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s1017.
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The Sangam literature proclaims the state in which man has attained civilization and has gradually developed in culture. In that way, Sangam literature also highlights the ancient history of living in land-based ethnic groups based on occupation. In such a way, through Mullaikali in Kalithokai that appeared in the late Sangam period, this article is about the history of the shepherds, their culture, profession, taming a bull, customs, etc. This article is limited to the study of Mullaikali, which is composed of only 17 songs in Kalithikai. Even today in the land system of Tamil Nadu, the Aayars are involved in cattle rearing in the forest areas. As proof, the people living near Kalakkadu and Mundanthurai forests in Tirunelveli district are engaged in animal husbandry and plowing.
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Seetha RajivKumar. "Analyzing the Values in the Built Heritage of Chettinadu Region, Tamil Nadu, India." Creative Space 7, no. 1 (July 11, 2019): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2019.71005.
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Chettinadu, a region in southern India, is situated in Tamil Nadu State 32 km from the west coast of the Bay of Bengal with a total area of 1,550 square kilometers in the heart of Tamil Nadu. The built heritage of Chettinadu is an irreplaceable cultural resource giving it a unique identity and character. In the tentative list of UNESCO 2014, the Chettinadu region has been classified into three clusters based on their Outstanding Universal Values and this provides a framework for our research.The region has experienced a tremendous amount of change from its original design and the old buildings are mirrors of the procession of history and culture that together have formed the heritage of the town. Well known for its palatial mansions with their unique architectural style, the conservation of old buildings is a must in retaining the character of the city. In this paper we studied the historical background of heritage areas and buildings in the Chettinadu region and attempted to establish the values in the built heritage by means of a selected set of variables. To achieve this objective various parameters were analyzed as how the values of the built heritage contribute to the unique sociocultural flavor of Chettinadu. Social, cultural, historical, and architectural values all enhance the image of the town, but assessing their relative importance for purposes of urban planning is a significant challenge. This analysis support the evolution of strategies targeted at preserving and enhancing the built heritage of the region. The varied heritage potential based on the values will help planners and developers to create sustainable programs for modernizing the infrastructure while protecting the inherent values of the built heritage of Chettinadu.
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P, Suresh. "Oral Customs of Javvaadhumalai Malayalis." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-17 (December 17, 2022): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1728.
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Tamil Nadu consists of the Eastern and Western Ghats. There are thirty-six tribal people living in these hills including "Adiyaan, Aranaadan, Eravaalan, Irular, Oorali, and Kaniyan." The Eastern Ghats have Javvaadhumalai, Yelagirimalai, Kalvarayanmalai, Servarayanmalai, Chitherimalai, Pachaimalai, Paalamalai, Vattalmalai, Neyyaamalai, Jarugumalai, Parukkurmalai, Kaalimalai, Kadakadalai, and Kollimalai hills. The divisions of the population living in the Western Ghats cannot be seen in these hills. The hills are mainly inhabited by Malayali tribes. The life of these javvaadhu hill people is a simple life. They are also preserving the arts according to the environment in which they live. The oral literature in their case helps to know the life and culture of the hill people.