Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tan Malaka

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Academic literature on the topic 'Tan Malaka'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tan Malaka"

1

Ponirin, Ponirin, and Agum Patria Silaban. "Pemikiran Politik Tan Malaka Tentang Konsep Negara Indonesia." Puteri Hijau : Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 4, no. 1 (July 6, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ph.v4i1.13895.

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It aims to test anything that influences the Political thinking Tan Malaka about the Consept of the Indonesian State, setting aside the concept of the state in the view of Tan Malaka and putting forth the effort the makes in fulfilling the concept of a joyful state. This type of research is a study literature. As for data collection techniques in this study is a library study, it means the author did reseach by collecting books, documents, articles, scripts, and the like. With the approach: textual studies, context studies, and historical studies. The data analysis of the data is heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and presentation. From the results of the research, it is known that Tan Malaka was a hero of the independence movement, he was born in the village of Pandan Gadang, not far from the Suliki Sprout, Limopilih Koto Regency, East Sumatera. He began to think of the fate of this people who were colonized after education in the Netherlands. The influence of circumstances and understanding is like the circumstances of his people, then education that this finally influenced by Marxism and the revolutiomary movement of Europe (the French, British, and Russian Revolutions) have set the mind to a left (Communist). Long before the other leading figures of independence, Tan Malaka had designed the consep of the Indonesian state before the independent of Indonesia. He saw and compared the concept of repulic and kingdom. For him the kingdom is irrelevant to the welfare of the people. Tan Malaka would prefer the concept of a union or a republic with a democratic system. For him the people must be in charge.then it may be concluded tha the concept of the Indonesian state tha Tan Malakan was the DemocraticKey word : Tan Malaka's Point of view, Indonesian State
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Nofrianda, Nofrianda, and Malta Nelisa. "Penyusunan Bibliografi Beranotasi tentang Tan Malaka di UPT Perpustakaan Proklamator Bung Hatta." Ilmu Informasi Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan 8, no. 2 (March 14, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/109091-0934.

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Abstract The writing of this paper aims to describe how the needs of visitors about the Tan Malaka collection, describe the process of making annotated Tan Malaka bibliography and describe the constraints and efforts in establishing the Tan Malaka annotated bibliography at the UPT Library of Bung Hatta Proklamator. This type of research is descriptive in that it explains the making of annotated bibliography about Tan Malaka at the Bung Hatta Library UPT. Data collection techniques through direct observation to the location and interviews and data collection by reading and studying sources in the form of books, literature, and teaching materials. Based on the data processed can be concluded as follows. First, the information needs of users about annotated bibliography about Tan Malaka, namely: education, reference materials and research. Second, making annotated bibliography about Tan Malaka has several stages, namely: (a) determining the title of the bibliography, because the availability of books is quite a lot and is a book that is in great demand; (b) collection of library materials or information retrieval, a book about Tan Malaka in the Bung Hatta Library UPT 34 titles; (c) selection of library materials, by checking one by one the Tan Malaka book collection; (d) classification or classification, carried out by using numerical notation sequence numbers; (e) creation of keywords, based on the book's title and the annotation of Tan Malaka's book; (f) index preparation, Tan Malaka's annotated biblographic index consists of author index, keywords and titles arranged in alphabetical order; (g) typing the text, using Times New Roman writing style, font size 12, and space 1; (h) examination of the final bibliographic manuscript. Third, the constraints and efforts in making annotated bibliography about Tan Malaka, namely: (a) the preparation of Tan Malaka's collection of books is irregular and the efforts made are doing stock taking; (b) the collection of Tan Malaka only has 1 copy and the effort to do is take action over the media.Keywords: annotated bibliography; Tan Malaka.
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Utomo, Satriono Priyo. "Langkah “Merah” Pemikiran Pendidikan Tan Malaka, 1919-1921." Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v5i2.22023.

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The historiography of Tan Malaka, which has been frequently found, discusses his personality as a revolutionary figure, living from one prison to another. The consistency of Tan Malaka in struggling for the absolute independence has been studied for years by the Dutch historian, Harry Poeze. Departing from historiography about Tan Malaka in which have written by Harry Poeze, this study uses the historical method. It discusses Tan Malaka's thoughts on education which originated from his publication in 1921 entitled Sarekat Islam and Onderwijs. Where it can be seen that Tan Malaka puts education as a political tool, in which it has the goal of shaping Indonesian people not only to be intelligent but also to refine their feelings. He rejected the rote learning method that make people become foolish and mechanical-type like machines. Tan Malaka's figure as a political actor has been scrutinized and written comprehensively by using historical source which become adequate. However, there are still very few studies that discuss Tan Malaka's thought. In the activities of practical politics, Tan Malaka was a productive revolutionary figure eflecting his thoughts in a number of works. Not many of the published works have examined Tan Malaka's thoughts about his views on education. Tan Malaka is a movement figure who chose studies in the field of pedagogy (education).
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Rokhim, Muhammad Maulana, Munawar Rahmat, and Cucu Surahman. "PEMIKIRAN TAN MALAKA DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM." TARBAWY : Indonesian Journal of Islamic Education 6, no. 1 (August 24, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/t.v6i1.19463.

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Abstract. Indonesian philosophy-based education is one way to face an era full of global competition. It is Ibrahim Datuk Tan Malaka, a revolutionary Indonesian independence movement who has the concept of education based on the people. This study aims to find out about Tan Malaka’s educational thinking, especially with regard to the basis, objectives, principles, material, methods and evaluation of education and its relevance to Islamic education. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach. The method used is descriptive analysis. To trace the history of Tan Malaka’s thought, a historical search method is used to find the purpose of Tan Malaka’s educational concepts with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies and library research. Based on the results of this research, it is concluded that education according to Tan Malaka is an attempt to free people from misery, oppression, and ignorance, making life more useful for themselves and their surroundings, no more caste and class differences. The relevance of Tan Malaka’s educational thought to Islamic education is found in his philosophy, bases, and objectives of education. Abstrak. Pendidikan yang berbasis falsafah bangsa Indonesia merupakan salah satu cara menghadapi era yang penuh persaingan global. Adalah Ibrahim Datuk Tan Malaka seorang revolusioner pergerakan kemerdekaan Indonesia yang memiliki konsep pendidikan yang berbasis pada rakyat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pemikiran pendidikan Tan Malaka, khususnya yang berkenaan dengan dasar, tujuan, prinsip, materi, metode dan evaluasi pendidikan serta relevansinya dengan pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-analisis. Untuk mencari jejak sejarah pemikiran Tan Malaka, metode penelusuran sejarah digunakan untuk menemukan maksud dari konsep pendidikan Tan Malaka dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi literatur dan library research. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diperoleh gambaran bahwa pendidikan menurut Tan Malaka adalah sebuah usaha untuk membebaskan manusia dari kesengsaraan, ketertindasan, dan ketidaktahuan, menjadikan hidup lebih bermanfaat bagi diri sendiri dan sekitarnya, tidak ada lagi kasta dan perbedaan kelas-kelas. Adapun Relevansi pemikiran pendidikan Tan Malaka dengan pendidikan Islam terdapat pada tinjauan filosofis, dasar, dan tujuan pendidikan.
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Jarvis, Helen. "Tan Malaka: Revolutionary or renegade?" Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 19, no. 1 (March 1987): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.1987.10409868.

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Tohis, Reza D. "TAUHID SEBAGAI FONDASI KEADILAN SOSIAL DALAM PEMIKIRAN TAN MALAKA." Living Islam: Journal of Islamic Discourses 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/lijid.v3i1.2274.

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Researchers are hardly interested in Tan Malaka's thoughts about the concept of divinity (Tauhid). Indeed he is better known as a Marxist who does not recognize God (in the discourse of Indonesian Marxism), but in his work is found his commentary on the concept of divinity. This paper will re-examine the thoughts of Tan Malaka, especially in his main work is Madilog (Materialism, Dialectics, Logic), related to the issue of social justice. Tan Malaka defines divinity as the recognition of God's power, the Oneness of God. This confession arises based on awareness of God's laws in the universe. Based on these laws, Tan Malaka realizes that justice means equal- ity and enforcement of justice means enforcement of God's laws, which is only possible if we recognize mate- riality. As for Tan Malaka, social justice means equal ownership. Thus, the equality of ownership will not be realized, if everyone crosses the boundaries of owner- ship. This is what is happening in the social system of capitalism today. Therefore, strengthening social justice means resistance to capitalism.
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Gustaman, Randy Fadillah. "T A N M A L A K A (Ditinjau dari presfektif perjuangan bangsa)." Jurnal Artefak 4, no. 1 (September 25, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ja.v4i1.736.

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ABSTRAKJenis penelitian dalam penulisan ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sepak terjang Bapak Republik Indonesia yaitu Tan Malaka dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan Bangsa Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan riset kepustakaan (library research). Studi pustaka adalah metode pengumpulan data yang diarahkan kepada pencarian data melalui dokumen, baik tertulis, maupun dokumen elektronik yang dapat mendukung dalam proses penelitian.Kemerdekan Negara Republik Indonesia banyak sekali melahirkan tokoh-tokoh perjuangan bangsa yang sangat berjasa bagi tegaknnya Negara Republik Indonesia, salah satunya adalah Tan Malaka. Ia merupakan seorang tokoh yang sedikit asing di telinga kita apabila membicarakan tentang sejarah perjuangan bangsa. Akan tetapi tidak bisa kita pungkiri bahwa beliau merupakan salah satu orang yang berjuang dengan jalan pikirannya sendiri untuk memerdekakan Negara Indonesia. Bagaimana tidak, sebelum para founding father mengemukakan konsep-konsep dan gagasan-gagasan mereka terhadap Negara Indonesia, Tan Malaka pada tahun 1924 mengemukakan konsepsi mengenai kemerdekaan Negara Indonesia dalam sebuah buku yang diberi judul Naar De Republiek Indonesia (menuju republiek Indonesia). Pemikiran dan Gagasannya banyak dijadikan sumber referensi oleh tokoh-tokoh nasional lainnya. Presiden pertama Republik Indonesia yang menjadikan beberapa karya Tan Malaka sebagai referensi dasar, seperti konsep massa actie dikutip oleh Soekarno dalam pleidoinya, Indonesia Menggugat.Kata Kunci: Tan Malaka, Perjuangan BangsaABSTRACTThis research used a descriptive method. The aim of the research is to know the struggle of the Father of Indonesian i.e. Tan Malaka in liberating Indonesian from the colonialists. Library research is used as the technique to collect the data of the research. Book study is the method of collecting data means to find the data through documents whether the written or the electronic documents which aid the research process.Liberation of Indonesia Republic State has appeared many founding father figures of Indonesia who have given a lot of benefit of the existence of Indonesia Republic State and one of them is Tan Malaka. He looks like an odd figure when people speak about the history of Indonesia liberation. But, it could not be refused that he has fought to make Indonesia free by his way. He has stated a lot of concepts and ideas as the way to liberate Indonesia before the other founding fathers did it. In 1924, Tan Malaka stated the conception of how to make Indonesia free from the colonialists in a book entitled “Naar De Republiek Indonesia” or Into Indonesia Republic. His Ideas has become the reference resources by the other nationalist figures. Including the first president of Indonesia, Mr. Soekarno, who used the masterpiece of Tan Malaka as the basic reference, such as Massa active concept is copied by Soekarno in his pledoi i.e. Indonesia Menggugat.Keywords: Tan Malaka, Struggle of the Nation
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Wibawanto, Gregorius Ragil. "Melacak Materialisme Dialektis Tan Malaka Dalam Sejarah Ilmu Sosial Indonesia." Jurnal Pemikiran Sosiologi 6, no. 2 (November 18, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jps.v6i2.51585.

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Artikel ini melacak ulang kemunculan materialisme dialektis Tan Malaka di tahun 1920an dan membahas posisinya dalam sejarah ilmu sosial Indonesia. Studi pendahulu telah berkontribusi pada kajian-kajian mengenai sejarah komunisme di Indonesia secara general dan pemikirannya secara partikular. Artikel ini mencoba memberikan paparan mengenai materialisme dialektis Tan Malaka dan perjalannya melintasi konteks kebangkitan nasional, pendudukan jepang, orde lama, orde baru, dan merefleksikannya dalam konteks hari ini. Artikel ini menggunakan metode linguistic contextualism oleh Quentin Skinner dengan revisi Parekh dan Berki mengenai pentingnya mempertimbangkan ide-ide universal yang dapat melintas konteks. Dengan berbasis pada prosedur metodologis tersebut, artikel ini berargumen bahwa materialisme dialektis Tan Malaka memberikan kerangka filosofis dan saintifik yang relevan untuk digunakan dalam memindai sejarah produksi pengetahuan di Indonesia.
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Zuwardi, Zuwardi. "PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI SOSIALIS TAN MALAKA DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM." Imara: JURNAL RISET EKONOMI ISLAM 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/imara.v1i1.987.

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The purpose of this research is to 􀏔ind out and explain the Socialist Economics, Tan Malaka, according to Islamic economics. This type of research was library research by using content analysis. The results showed that in the perspective of Islamic economics, the Socialist Economics, Tan Malaka has similarities in terms of objectives and goals. The form of the equation among others is the equality ofconcepts of justice, prosperity and welfare which are the goal of the economic system. This equation was also seen in the form of abolition of slavery and oppression.Beside the spirit of brotherhood, and mutual help or assistance proposed by Tan Malakawere also owned by Islamic economics. The role of the State in socialist economic policy Tan Malaka is also owned by Islamic economics. The prominent difference in Tan Malaka's socialist economy in terms of Islamic economics lies in the ways or instruments he uses such as zakat, infak, shadaqoh, waqf, banning ribs and so forth. In addition, differences are also seen in the philosophical foundations and rules that support the economic system.
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Samidi, R., and Suharno Suharno. "Mengurai Gagasan Tan Malaka dari Perspektif Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan." Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 4, no. 2 (November 8, 2019): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v4i2.22658.

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This study identifies Tan Malaka's ideas in the perspective of Civic Education by exploring his great idea of Gerpolek which had published in a book. The published book supported by several other works, then analyzed in the context of Citizenship Education. Based on the results of the study shows that each of Tan Malaka's revolutionary ideas from the perspective of Citizenship Education has real contribution in the relation to build citizenship and the state, whether it seen from the context of nationalism, economics, politics, and human rights. Through Citizenship Education, it is appropriate that Tan Malaka placed in line with the national founders. His work becomes a reference in order to build the nation for the better future.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tan Malaka"

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Crawford, Oliver. "The political thought of Tan Malaka." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287945.

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In the course of a fairly brief lifetime, lasting only a little over fifty years (1897-1949), Tan Malaka was variously a schoolteacher, the chair of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), a Comintern agent, a political exile, and a revolutionary leader. He travelled the world, living for spells in the Netherlands, Germany, Russia, China, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Tan Malaka's colourful life and political career have attracted comment from historians, but there has not yet been an in-depth treatment of his ideas, even though he produced a large corpus of writings and was acknowledged to be among the foremost political intellects of his generation in Indonesia. This thesis is an analysis and contextualization of Tan Malaka's political thought. It places his writings within a series of contemporary debates: on the nature of the Indonesian past and the country's potential for revolution; on imperialism and the post-colonial future of Asia; on the relationship between Islam, capitalism, and Communism; on the reformation of Indonesian thinking; and on the appropriate strategy and goals for the Indonesian revolution. These debates, and Tan Malaka's interventions within them, reveal that Indonesia during the 'national awakening' period (1900-50) was the scene of great intellectual innovation, where foreign and indigenous concepts were fused, adapted and reworked. Tan Malaka's writings provide a particularly vivid example of this, combining as they do the concepts and language of Marxism, Islamic morality, and Minangkabau custom, sometimes in tension, in other places flowing together without apparent strain. Tan Malaka was not unique in this respect, as the thesis shows, which suggests that late- colonial Indonesia provides promising terrain for the 'global turn' in intellectual history, that seeks to understand the circulation, interaction and transformation of ideas across national and cultural boundaries, especially in the non-Western world.
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Friederichs-Büttner, Gesa [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Malaka, and Patrick [Akademischer Betreuer] Olivier. "An Explorative Approach to Interaction Design in Mixed-Reality Performances / Gesa Friederichs-Büttner. Gutachter: Rainer Malaka ; Patrick Olivier. Betreuer: Rainer Malaka." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1072226138/34.

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Carrara, Verena Ilona Pratap Singhasivanon. "Epidemiological impact of the large scale deployment of early diagnosis and combination treatment of falciparum Malaria on the Northwestern border of Thailand; the Tak Malaria initiative /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd390/4437564.pdf.

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Hillman, Velislava. "Fostering creativity through the use of digital tablets : an investigation into the potential of tablet use for creative production among seven- to ten-year-old children in Malta." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2018. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q56v7/fostering-creativity-through-the-use-of-digital-tablets-an-investigation-into-the-potential-of-tablet-use-for-creative-production-among-seven-to-ten-year-old-children-in-malta.

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Many digital media tools are at children’s disposal today, providing more opportunities for learning and self-expression than ever before. Such opportunities bring new challenges as these tools enter primary schools. A key aim of this thesis is to argue that constructionist, sociocultural and critical pedagogical theories can support the development of a method that can engage children in creative production with digital tablets as a form of self-organised and interdisciplinary learning in the classroom. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to map the current use of digital devices among seven- to ten-year-old children in Malta from the perspectives of children, parents and teachers. A research method of a three-day workshop aims to engage seven- to ten-year-old children in a project-based exercise. The participants are asked to use digital tablet applications to make story narratives and audio-visual content as a means to engage in self-organised and interdisciplinary learning by making concrete projects. This research demonstrates these children’s current limited use of digital tablets for creative production. The workshops reveal children’s ability and enthusiasm to self-organise in creative production using various digital applications as means to self-expression and creative thought. The implications of this study relate to the national policy to roll out tablets in the primary schools in Malta. This thesis argues that mainstream primary schools in Malta impose a rather limited use of digital tablets leaving no room for seven- to ten-year-old children to creatively express through such tools. While more workshops must be carried out and for longer period than three days, this thesis draws the conclusion that the Maltese educational policy of one-tablet-per-child in primary schools must include children’s interpretations of creativity with such devices and make room for creative expression, as creativity is integral to individuals’ identity, wellbeing and learning.
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Andersson, Christin. "Production and delivery of recombinant subunit vaccines." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Biotechnology, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3027.

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Recombinant strategies are today dominating in thedevelopment of modern subunit vaccines. This thesis describesstrategies for the production and recovery of protein subunitimmunogens, and how genetic design of the expression vectorscan be used to adapt the immunogens for incorporation intoadjuvant systems. In addition, different strategies fordelivery of subunit vaccines by RNA or DNA immunization havebeen investigated.

Attempts to create general production strategies forrecombinant protein immunogens in such a way that these areadapted for association with an adjuvant formulation wereevaluated. Different hydrophobic amino acid sequences, beingeither theoretically designed or representing transmembraneregions of bacterial or viral origin, were fused on gene leveleither N-terminally or C-terminally to allow association withiscoms. In addition, affinity tags derived fromStaphylococcus aureusprotein A (SpA) or streptococcalprotein G (SpG), were incorporated to allow efficient recoveryby means of affinity chromatography. A malaria peptide, M5,derived from the central repeat region of thePlasmodium falciparumblood-stage antigen Pf155/RESA,served as model immunogen in these studies. Furthermore,strategies forin vivoorin vitrolipidation of recombinant immunogens for iscomincorporation were also investigated, with a model immunogendeltaSAG1 derived fromToxoplasma gondii. Both strategies were found to befunctional in that the produced and affinity purified fusionproteins indeed associated with iscoms. The iscoms werefurthermore capable of inducing antigen-specific antibodyresponses upon immunization of mice, and we thus believe thatthe presented strategies offer convenient methods for adjuvantassociation.

Recombinant production of a respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) candidate vaccine, BBG2Na, in baby hamster kidney(BHK-21) cells was investigated. Semliki Forest virus(SFV)-based expression vectors encoding both intracellular andsecreted forms of BBG2Na were constructed and found to befunctional. Efficient recovery of BBG2Na could be achieved bycombining serum-free production with a recovery strategy usinga product-specific affinity-column based on a combinatoriallyengineered SpA domain, with specific binding to the G proteinpart of the product.

Plasmid vectors encoding cytoplasmic or secreted variants ofBBG2Na, and employing the SFV replicase for self-amplification,was constructed and evaluated for DNA immunization against RSV.Both plasmid vectors were found to be functional in terms ofBBG2Na expression and localization. Upon intramuscularimmunization of mice, the plasmid vector encoding the secretedvariant of the antigen elicited significant anti-BBG2Na titersand demonstrated lung protective efficacy in mice. This studyclearly demonstrate that protective immune responses to RSV canbe elicited in mice by DNA immunization, and that differentialtargeting of the antigens expressed by nucleic acid vaccinationcould significantly influence the immunogenicity and protectiveefficacy.

We further evaluated DNA and RNA constructs based on the SFVreplicon in comparison with a conventional DNA plasmid forinduction of antibody responses against theP. falciparumPf332-derived antigen EB200. In general,the antibody responses induced were relatively low, the highestresponses surprisingly obtained with the conventional DNAplasmid. Also recombinant SFV suicide particles inducedEB200-reactive antibodies. Importantly, all immunogens inducedan immunological memory, which could be efficiently activatedby a booster injection with EB200 protein.

Keywords: Affibody, Affinity chromatography, Affinitypurification, DNA immunization, Expression plasmid, Fusionprotein, Hydrophobic tag, Iscoms, Lipid tagging, Malaria,Mammalian cell expression, Recombinant immunogen, RespiratorySyncytial Virus, Semliki Forest virus, Serum albumin,Staphylococcus aureusprotein A, Subunit vaccine,Toxoplasma gondii

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Yedgenov, Bauyrzhan. "Essays on Fiscal Policy, Institutions and Economic Growth." 2017. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/econ_diss/128.

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Chapter 1 revisits the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth by addressing the endogeneity. We use an instrumental variable approach based on two geography variables, namely a Geographic Fragmentation Index (GFI) and country size. We find that both instruments are strong and valid in the first stage regression and that a ten percent increase in decentralization measured by the expenditure or revenue share of subnational government in total government expenditures or revenues increases GDP per capita growth by approximately 0.4 percentage points. Moreover, we find that the results are more pronounced in the case of developed countries with a higher magnitude of the impact of revenue decentralization and lower impact of expenditure decentralization, while for a sample of developing countries both decentralization measures are insignificant. Chapter 2 explores the role of the tax structure and its key elements on the volatility of output growth. We account for both embedded automatic stabilizers measured by progressivity of the tax system and discretionary policy by accounting for the actual levels of revenue and its composition measured by tax mix ratio or the ratio of direct taxes to indirect taxes. We find that higher reliance on direct taxes versus indirect taxes is a significant stabilizing factor for output volatility for the whole sample of all countries and the subsample of lower income countries. For the subsample of high-income countries, we find a significant stabilizing impact of progressivity in the income tax structure, especially when there is higher reliance on personal income tax revenue. Chapter 3 reexamines the causal link between institutional quality and economic development using "Malaria Endemicity" as an instrument for institutions. This instrument is superior to the previously used instruments in the literature which suffered from measurement error. Because the Malaria Endemicity measure captures the malaria environment before the discovery that mosquitoes transmit the disease and before the successful eradication efforts that followed, it is exogenous to both institutional quality and economic development. We find Malaria Endemicity a valid strong instrument which yields larger significant effects of institutions on economic development than those obtained in the previous literature.
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Books on the topic "Tan Malaka"

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Tan Malaka. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia bekerja sama dengan Majalah Tempo, 2010.

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Sju'eib, Asmun Ahmad. Jejak Tan Malaka. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Gre Publishing, 2012.

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Prasetyo, Eko. Waktunya Tan Malaka memimpin. Maguwoharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta: Resist Book, 2012.

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Said, Muhtar. Politik hukum Tan Malaka. Bantul, Yogyakarta: Diterbitkan atas kerjasama Penerbit Thafa Media dengan Satjipto Rahardjo Institute, Semarang, 2013.

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Paharizal. Misteri kematian Tan Malaka: Siapa yang memerintahkan eksekusi terhadap Tan Malaka. Gejayan, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Narasi, 2014.

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Ihsanudin. Tan Malaka dan revolusi proletar. Yogyakarta: Resist Book, 2010.

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Nasbi, Hasan. Filosofi negara menurut Tan Malaka. Jakarta: LPPM Tan Malaka, 2004.

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Nasution, Muchtar. Tan Malaka di Kota Medan. 2nd ed. Medan: Arsip Sumatra, 2007.

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Susilo, Taufik Adi. Tan Malaka: Biografi singkat, 1897-1949. Sleman, Jogjakarta: Garasi, 2008.

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Santosa, Kholid O. Mengenang sang legenda: Tan Malaka & Sjahrir. Bandung: Sega Arsy, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tan Malaka"

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Oshikawa, Noriaki. "1. PATJAR MERAH INDONESIA AND TAN MALAKA: A POPULAR NOVEL AND A REVOLUTIONARY LEGEND." In Reading Southeast Asia, edited by Takashi Shiraishi, 9–40. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501718922-002.

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Motsholapheko, M. R., and B. N. Ngwenya. "Access to Water Resources and Household Vulnerability to Malaria in the Okavango Delta, Botswana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1227–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_165.

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AbstractMalaria is a persistent health risk for most rural communities in tropical wetlands of developing countries, particularly in the advent of climate change. This chapter assesses household access to water resources, livelihood assets, and vulnerability to malaria in the Okavango Delta of north-western Botswana. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 355 households, key informant interviews, PRA-based focus group discussions (FDGs), interviews with experts in various related fields, PRA workshop participant interviews, and literature review. There was high access to natural capital, and most households engaged in nature-based livelihood activities. Access to resources determined type of livelihood activities that households engaged in. However, there was no association between household exposure and/or susceptibility, and type of livelihood activities pursued by households. Household vulnerability to malaria was higher in remote and rural locations than in urban neighborhoods. Malaria prevention and vulnerability aversion programs need to be coupled with improvements in housing and well-being in the Okavango Delta and similar wetlands.
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"Bibliografie Tan Malaka." In Verguisd en vergeten (3 vols.), 2007–36. BRILL, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004254039_016.

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"The Parallel Case of Tan Malaka." In Ho Chi Minh in Hong Kong, 74–97. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108973809.005.

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"Hoofdstuk III: Een coup van Tan Malaka?: maart-juli 1946." In Verguisd en vergeten (3 vols.), 307–492. BRILL, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004254039_004.

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Ferrey, G., and G. Le Gouès. "La Personne Âgée en Tant Que Malade." In Psychopathologie du sujet âgé, 29–90. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-02010-0.50003-0.

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Hee, Wai-Siam. "Malayanised Chinese-Language Cinema." In Remapping the Sinophone, 138–64. Hong Kong University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528035.003.0006.

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The fifth chapter discusses how the Singaporean Chinese director Yi Shui created a Malayanised Chinese-language cinema during the 1950s and ’60s and offers a retrospective of the way people in Malaya and Singapore framed their nation-building discourse in relation to anti-colonialism and anti-imperialism after the Bandung Conference in 1955. This chapter rereads Yi Shui’s On Issues of the Malayanisation of Chinese-Language Cinema, examining its ‘Chinese-language cinema’ against the context of the Third World politics of ‘Malayanisation’ in the 1950s and ’60s. The chapter explores how Chinese-language cinema settles and resolves the diverse linguistic and cultural identities of Singaporean and Malayan Chinese audiences with varying backgrounds. ‘Chinese language’, as a term including both Mandarin and topolects, becomes a bargaining chip for Chinese-speaking peoples to resist the dual political oppression of English- and Malay-speaking groups. This chapter also analyses Yi Shui’s Chinese-language cinema practice through examining contemporary discourse and debates in Singaporean and Malayan periodicals on Malayanised Chinese-language cinema. The semi-documentary Third World film The Lion City and the melodrama Black Gold, set in a tin mine, feature multiple coexisting Chinese languages and attempt to mediate the misunderstandings rooted in the national boundaries and politics of various topolect groups.
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Kim, Diana S. "Fiscal Dependency in British Malaya, 1890s–1920s." In Empires of Vice, 121–52. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691172408.003.0005.

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This chapter turns to Malaya, another site of British rule, where the monopoly was introduced more than a decade later in 1910, without expressed concerns about indigenous opium consumption or sumptuary restrictions. It shows instead how the British colonial state was highly reliant on opium revenue; and the monopoly emerged as local administrators were reversing longstanding acceptance of such dependency as a natural condition of colonial government. Over the course of several decades, taxing opium sales became conceived of as an untenable practice and challenge to fiscal order, culminating in the introduction of an opium revenue reserve fund in 1925 to enable the substitution of opium taxes. Officially, its declared purpose was to reduce reliance on opium taxes for one of the most fiscally opium-dependent territories of Southeast Asia under European rule, by setting aside a large sum of surplus revenue to which a fixed ten percent share of subsequent years' revenue would be added. The fund was first introduced in 1925 for the Straits Settlements of Singapore, Malacca, and Penang, as well as the Malay State of Johor, and extended across the Federated Malay States by 1929.
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Warrell, David A., Janet Hemingway, Kevin Marsh, Robert E. Sinden, Geoffrey A. Butcher, and Robert W. Snow. "Malaria." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 1045–88. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070802_update_001.

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According to WHO’s World Malaria Report for 2010, there were an estimated 216 million cases of malaria worldwide in 2010 with 655 000 deaths, 5% fewer than in 2009 and 26% fewer than in 2000. Africa accounted for 81% of the cases and 91% of deaths; 86% of the deaths were in children aged less than 5 years. Malaria remains endemic in 106 countries. Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Ivory Coast, and Mali account for 60% of malaria deaths....
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Lee Ooi, Tan. "A Brief History of Buddhist Transnational Connections." In Buddhist Revitalization and Chinese Religions in Malaysia. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726436_ch02.

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This chapter elaborates on the historical connection between Malaya and the larger Buddhist world. Chinese Buddhism’s roots in Malaya started when the immigrant communities that arrived as laborers in tin mining and rubber plantations brought their religious beliefs. Burmese and Sinhalese brought the Theravada traditions that influenced Chinese Buddhists, while the Chinese inherited a loosely defined Mahayana Buddhism mixed with Chinese customs and popular religions. The idea of modern religion was brought by religious leaders of various traditions to revitalize Buddhism.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tan Malaka"

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Lestari, Shyntiya Ayu, Evan Purnama Ramdan, and Umi Kulsum. "Identifikasi Penyebab Penyakit Blas Padi Pada Kombinasi Pola Tanam System of Rice Intensification (SRI) dan Jajar Legowo." In Seminar Nasional Semanis Tani Polije 2021. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2021.235.

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Blas merupakan penyakit penting tanaman padi yang dapat menginfeksi bagian daun dan leher malai. Pengenalan penyebab penyakit penting dilakukan untuk menentukan pengendalian yang tepat. Penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi penyebab penyakit blas padi pada kombinasi pola tanam SRI dan Jajar legowo. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai September 2020 di BBPOPT Jatisari, Karawang. Pengamatan lapang dilakukan pada pada 6 petak sawah dengan pola tanam berbeda, meliputi P1: SRI + jarwo 2:1, P2: SRI + jarwo 3:1, P3: SRI + jarwo 4:1, P4: SRI + jarwo 5:1, P5: SRI tanpa kombinasi jarwo, dan P6: Sistem tanam tegal (kontrol). Setiap petak kemudian dibagi menjadi 5 sub petak sebagai ulangan (1 titik di setiap sudut petak dan 1 titik di tengah-tengah petak). Setiap petakan kemudian diamati gejala, kejadian, dan keparahan penyakit. Padi yang menunjukkan gejala blas kemudian di bawa ke Laboratorium Fitopatologi BBPOPT untuk diidentifikasi secara morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala blas padi yang ditemukan berupa bercak coklat belah ketupat dengan tepi runcing. Pada bagian tengah bercak berwarna abu-abu dan warna coklat dan sedikit orange di bagian tepi bercak. Adapun persentasi kejadian dan keparahan penyakit berturut-turut sebesar 43.33-46.50% dan 26-28% dengan kategori serangan sedang. Identifikasi secara morfologi menunjukkan bahwa penyebab penyakit blas padi pada kombinasi pola tanam SRI dan jajar legowo adalah Pyricularia grisea yang dicirikan dengan konidia berbentuk oval, agak runcing dibagian ujung, memiliki 2 sampai 3 sekat, dan ujung pangkal konidia tumpul.
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Khafit, Abdul, Sulastri, and Miranti Puspaningtyas. "Technology Acceptance Model (TAM): Measurement of E-Learning Used By Accounting Students of State University of Malang." In 7th Regional Accounting Conference (KRA 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210416.025.

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Mahomed, Anuar Shah Bali, Michael G. McGrath, Bong Zhi Yuh, Shafie Sidek, Saadiatul Ibrahim, and Zulbasri Othman. "THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL ON EMAIL USAGE AMONG ACADEMICIAN IN MALAYSIAN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES." In Business and Management 2018. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.11.

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This study examines the levels and factors contributing to email usage among academician in Malay-sian universities. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was tested to investigate the relationship of perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) on email usage (U). By using survey questionnaires, data was collected from 274 academician in Malaysian public and private universi-ties. Path analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 2.0 to examine the research model. This research found that email usage among academician in Malaysian private universities is significantly higher than Malaysian public universities, albeit the usage were high for both types of universities.
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Ferreira, Denis César, Tiago Roux Oliveira, and Miroslav Krstic. "Otimalidade Inversa em Controle Extremal do tipo Newton com Atrasos." In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.1058.

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Neste artigo, a otimalidade inversa é garantida em controle extremal escalar baseado no método de Newton sujeito a atrasos de entrada e saída. Diferente de trabalhos anteriores, um novo preditor com uma estimativa da inversa da Hessiana baseada em perturbações é incorporado à malha fechada tal que, a taxa de convergência do controlador em tempo real pode ser especificada pelo usuário, ao invés de ser dependente da Hessiana desconhecida do mapa estático não-linear a ser otimizado. A estabilidade exponencial e a convergência para uma pequena vizinhança do ponto extremo desconhecido são alcançadas utilizando a transformação backstepping e a teoria da média em dimensões infinitas. Aplica-se um filtro passa-baixa (com um polo suficientemente alto) na realimentação do preditor que permite aplicação da técnica do teorema da média de Hale e Lunel para equações diferenciais funcionais e também estabelece o resultado da otimalidade inversa para o sistema de malha fechada. A otimalidade inversa é pela primeira vez demonstrada em projetos de controle extremal baseado no método de Newton e justifica o uso heurístico de filtro passa-baixa entre o sinal de demodulação e o integrador, que tem sido historicamente utilizado em implementações de controle extremal sem atrasos.
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Borda Pinzon, Yeny Magaly. "Matemática emocional, en perspectiva pedagógica." In I Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/cicen.1.21.

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Las matemáticas universitarias siguen siendo una de las asignaturas en donde los estudiantes de diferentes profesiones tienen más dificultades, esto debido a diversos factores académicos, inseguridades, malas experiencias, creencias y emociones negativas. Para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje es necesario tener en cuenta todas las dimensiones del ser humano, esto es su sentir, su vivir, su pasado, su presente, sus emociones y sentimientos, por tal razón involucrar todos estos elementos para la mediación entre el conocimiento matemático y el aprendizaje se hace necesario para lograr EL éxito en el desempeño de los estudiantes. Consciente de ello, se realizaron encuestas, entrevistas y observaciones, se analizaron los datos obtenidos y la evolución y/o modificación de las actitudes en las clases. Cambiar la actitud del docente, darle sentido a las matemáticas y a las emociones del estudiante logran modificar la actitud de estos hacia las matemáticas.
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Tello Collado, Santiago. "Abd al Malik: le fluide vital du rap." In XXV Coloquio AFUE. Palabras e imaginarios del agua. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/xxvcoloquioafue.2016.3022.

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Uno de los aspectos más llamativos, al tiempo que complejos de la música rap es lo que conocemos como flow. Diferentes autores como Marc (2008) o Béthune (2004), sobre la estética del rap, hacen referencia a este concepto difícil de definir. Partiendo de su sentido más orgánico, en tanto que líquido en movimiento, el flow en el rap requiere estar provisto de enorme y cristalina vitalidad en el recitado de los versos, lo que le confiere uno de los aspectos más atractivos, al tiempo que complejos, en este tipo de música. Procedente de la locución americana to rap, entre chismorrear o darle al pico o, simplemente contar cualquier cosa, el rap song puede definirse como la dicción medio cantada y medio hablada de textos elaborados, rimados y ritmados producida sobre una base musical de mezclas de extractos de otras fuentes sonoras, denominadas samplers. Esta manifestación como tal se materializa en una performance que se lleva a cabo en la calle, surgida en los 70 en Nueva York (Lapassade et Rousselot, 1998, p.9). El rap debe su exégesis a la música popular jamaicana, siendo el género demandado en los 70 entre la militancia negra estadounidense. Ya casi en los 80, observamos el resultado de esta música capaz de mezclar baile y política. No olvidemos que, al igual que el jazz, el blues, el soul o el rhythm and blues, el rap es parte integrante del arte negro americano. A diferencia de lo que pasó en los EEUU, el rap francés no comienza en la calle, sino que estaba dirigido o bien a los media o al show. Abd Al Malik, uno de los raperos más líricos, sensibles y delicados en la escena francesa, imprime a sus canciones un tratamiento cristalino y personal con su particular flow. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/XXVColloqueAFUE.2016.3022
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Vong, Meng. "Southeast Asia: Linguistic Perspectives." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.10-2.

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Southeast Asia (SEA) is not only rich in multicultural areas but also rich in multilingual nations with the population of more than 624 million and more than 1,253 languages (Ethnologue 2015). With the cultural uniqueness of each country, this region also accords each national languages with language planning and political management. This strategy brings a challenges to SEA and can lead to conflicts among other ethnic groups, largely owing to leadership. The ethnic conflicts of SEA bring controversy between governments and minorities, such as the ethnic conflict in Aceh, Indonesia, the Muslim population of the south Thailand, and the Bangsa Moro of Mindanao, of the Philippines. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the linguistic perspectives of SEA. This research examines two main problems. First, this paper investigates the linguistic area which refers to a geographical area in which genetically unrelated languages have come to share many linguistic features as a result of long mutual influence. The SEA has been called a linguistic area because languages share many features in common such as lexical tone, classifiers, serial verbs, verb-final items, prepositions, and noun-adjective order. SEA consists of five language families such as Austronesian, Mon-Khmer, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and Hmong-Mien. Second, this paper also examines why each nation of SEA takes one language to become the national language of the nation. The National language plays an important role in the educational system because some nations take the same languages as a national language—the Malay language in the case of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The research method of this paper is to apply comparative method to find out the linguistic features of the languages of SEA in terms of phonology, morphology, and grammar.
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Castejon Herrer, Luis, David Valladares Hernando, Juan Marquesán Casasnovas, Juan Carlos Salas, and Hugo Malón Litago. "Desarrollo de un nuevo semiremolque extensible, para ser usado como plató móvil, construido en acero de alta resistencia." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3200.

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En el presente artículo se expone el proceso llevado a cabo para desarrollar un nuevo vehículo extensible para servicios públicos. Consiste en un semirremolque que dispone de un circuito de elementos hidráulicos que le permiten desplegar varias extensiones y un planta superior, una vez que se encuentra estático y fijado sobre unas patas de apoyo. Sin embargo, durante los trayectos que realice el semirremolque, el piso superior y todos los ventanales y extensiones del vehículo deben estar completamente replegados y recogidos, de tal forma que las dimensiones exteriores del vehículo se adecuen a las exigencias reglamentarias para su libre circulación por carretera. Por todo ello se hace necesario garantizar un funcionamiento adecuado y seguro del vehículo tanto durante las maniobras hidráulicas de extensión y recogida, como una vez desplegado y listo para ser utilizado, por ejemplo, como centro operativo para la cobertura de eventos por parte de televisiones u otros medios de comunicación. En primer lugar se identificaron como zonas estructurales más críticas a esfuerzos las correspondientes al accionamiento de los techos abatibles del primer y del segundo nivel del semirremolque. A continuación, se crearon modelos numéricos de malla de estas zonas y se analizaron por el método de los elementos finitos. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se procedió a optimizar la estructura para mejorar su comportamiento mecánico e incrementar el coeficiente de seguridad frente a posibles deformaciones plásticas, al mismo tiempo que se redujo en lo posible el peso del vehículo utilizando aceros de alta resistencia en lugar de aceros tradicionales. Se realizó además un análisis numérico de la estructura completa del vehículo para comprobar el comportamiento ante solicitaciones exteriores como el viento o una sobrecarga por exceso de número de personas en el interior de los habitáculos del vehículo. Finalmente se llevaron a cabo ensayos extensiométricos sobre la estructura del vehículo fabricado. Se obtuvo una adecuada correlación numérico-experimental que permitió validar los resultados numéricos obtenidos.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3200
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Vilar Roca, Gerard. "¿DÓNDE ESTÁ EL ‘ARTE’ EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN ARTÍSTICA?" In III Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales :: ANIAV 2017 :: GLOCAL. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2017.4847.

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Ocurre muy a menudo que el tema de los proyectos de investigación artística es el mismo que el de proyectos de investigación en ciencias sociales y humanas. Este es el caso de proyectos relacionados con la memoria y la historia, por ejemplo, en los que los resultados de la investigación se muestran en una exposición. Pero también el de muchos proyectos relacionados con la economía, el género, la comunicación o la política. En muchas ocasiones, visitando exposiciones de investigación artística, o viendo ‘exposiciones’ en el Journal of Artistic Research, uno acaba preguntándose dónde está el arte en esos proyectos, puesto que tal vez los podrían haber realizado historiadores, antropólogos o comunicólogos y haber exhibido sus resultados en un museo de historia, un museo de etnología o un centro cultural, en lugar de un centro artístico. Sin duda, normalmente son auténticas investigaciones, pero ¿dónde está el arte? Una respuesta satisfactoria al problema de dónde se encuentra el arte en la investigación artística hay que buscarla en la diferencia entre una presentación o display informativo y un auténtico dispositivo para la reflexión. Los científicos sociales producen teoría, información y conocimiento fáctico. Los artistas no producen principalmente conocimiento fáctico, sino que crean dispositivos para la generación de conocimientos. Los primeros producen teoría; éstos últimos producen artefactos estéticos. Si se borra completamente esta distinción, el riesgo es tener mala ciencia y/o mal arte, o incluso no tener ni una ni otro. Para construir una argumentación filosófica adecuada a la intuición que acabamos de formular, puede recurrirse a las tesis de Deleuze acerca de los perceptos como el tipo de ideas que los artistas crean, a diferencia de los científicos que crean funciones y de los filósofos que crean conceptos. En la investigación artística, el arte estaría en la presencia de perceptos. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV.2017.4847
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Reports on the topic "Tan Malaka"

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Kelly, Christine, Andrea Melnikas, Sajeda Amin, James Mkandawire, and Hamza Daud. More Than Brides Alliance: Baseline report, Malawi. Population Council, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy8.1026.

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Matita, Mirriam, Matita, Mirriam, Ephraim Wadonda Chirwa, Stevier Kaiyatsa, Jacob Mazalale, Masautso Chimombo, Loveness Msofi Mgalamadzi, and Blessings Chinsinga. Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Livelihood Trajectories: Evidence from Rural Malawi. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.003.

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The authors of this paper attempt use quantitative methods to determine the different factors of livelihood trajectories in the context of agricultural commercialisation. To do this, they draw on primary evidence from household surveys conducted over a span of ten years in Mchinji and Ntchisi districts, in rural Malawi. The authors hypothesise that households that are more commercialised are more likely to expand their investments in agriculture and/or take up livelihoods outside of agriculture. Crucially, they find that factors driving livelihood trajectories are not the same for farmers in different pathways, and highlight the need for policymakers to study findings emphasise the need to adopt context-dependent development approaches, in order to provide sustainable relief from poverty for farming households.
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More Than Brides Alliance—Marriage: No child’s play, Endline evaluation brief. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy23.1000.

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This brief summarizes key results from the endline evaluation of the More than Brides Alliance (MTBA) project “Marriage: No Child’s Play” (MNCP) in India, Malawi, Mali, and Niger. The MTBA consists of partners Save the Children Netherlands, Simavi, Oxfam Novib, and the Population Council, along with 25 local implementing partners. The MNCP project—which took place from 2016 to 2020—aimed at being holistic and targeting pathways to child marriage on multiple levels simultaneously, treating communities as either having the full MNCP package or no intervention. The Population Council’s MNCP evaluation was designed to estimate program impact and trends among girls at the community level, across settings that differ with respect to child marriage prevalence and drivers. The evaluation explored behavioral outcomes related to child marriage, schooling, work, and pregnancy, as well as indicators measuring relevant knowledge and attitudes.
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