Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tandem repeats

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Tandem repeats'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tandem repeats"

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Matrajt, Mariana, Sergio O. Angel, Viviana Pszenny, Eduardo Guarnera, David S. Roos, and Juan C. Garberi. "Arrays of repetitive DNA elements in the largest chromosomes of Toxoplasma gondii." Genome 42, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-120.

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A novel tandemly repeated DNA structure of Toxoplasma gondii that meets the requirements assigned for satellital DNA was characterized. A DNA fragment of 1002 bp contains two different elements of repetitive DNA families named ABGTg7 and ABGTg8.2. Both repeats are members of a more complex tandem structure where ABGTg7-like monomers can be arranged either as direct tandems or flanked by other related or non-related repeats. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that these repeats hybridize with the largest T. gondii chromosomes. Bal31 sensitivity assays indicated that these elements are located near the telomeres and along other regions too. Five genomic lambda phages were isolated and two different completed clusters of the repeated structure were analyzed.Key words: Toxoplasma gondii, tandem repeat, satellite DNA, molecular karyotype, telomere.
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Richard, Guy-Franck, Alix Kerrest, and Bernard Dujon. "Comparative Genomics and Molecular Dynamics of DNA Repeats in Eukaryotes." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 72, no. 4 (December 2008): 686–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00011-08.

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SUMMARY Repeated elements can be widely abundant in eukaryotic genomes, composing more than 50% of the human genome, for example. It is possible to classify repeated sequences into two large families, “tandem repeats” and “dispersed repeats.” Each of these two families can be itself divided into subfamilies. Dispersed repeats contain transposons, tRNA genes, and gene paralogues, whereas tandem repeats contain gene tandems, ribosomal DNA repeat arrays, and satellite DNA, itself subdivided into satellites, minisatellites, and microsatellites. Remarkably, the molecular mechanisms that create and propagate dispersed and tandem repeats are specific to each class and usually do not overlap. In the present review, we have chosen in the first section to describe the nature and distribution of dispersed and tandem repeats in eukaryotic genomes in the light of complete (or nearly complete) available genome sequences. In the second part, we focus on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the fast evolution of two specific classes of tandem repeats: minisatellites and microsatellites. Given that a growing number of human neurological disorders involve the expansion of a particular class of microsatellites, called trinucleotide repeats, a large part of the recent experimental work on microsatellites has focused on these particular repeats, and thus we also review the current knowledge in this area. Finally, we propose a unified definition for mini- and microsatellites that takes into account their biological properties and try to point out new directions that should be explored in a near future on our road to understanding the genetics of repeated sequences.
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RIVALS, ERIC. "A SURVEY ON ALGORITHMIC ASPECTS OF TANDEM REPEATS EVOLUTION." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 15, no. 02 (April 2004): 225–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012905410400239x.

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Local repetitions in genomes are called tandem repeats. A tandem repeat contains multiple, but slightly different copies of a repeated unit. It changes over time as the copies are altered by mutations, when additional copies are created by amplification of an existing copy, or when a copy is removed by contraction. Theses changes let tandem repeats evolve dynamically. From this statement follow two problems. TANDEM REPEAT HISTORY aims at recovering the history of amplifications and mutations that produced the tandem repeat sequence given as input. Given the tandem repeat sequences at the same genomic location in two individuals and a cost function for amplifications, contractions, and mutations, the purpose of TANDEM REPEAT ALLELE ALIGNMENT is to find an alignment of the sequences having minimal cost. We present a survey of these two problems that allow to investigate evolutionary mechanisms at work in tandem repeats.
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Kapila, Ritu, Sandip Das, Malathi Lakshmikumaran, and P. S. Srivastava. "A novel species-specific tandem repeat DNA family from Sinapis arvensis: detection of telomere-like sequences." Genome 39, no. 4 (August 1, 1996): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g96-095.

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DNA sequences representing a tandemly repeated DNA family of the Sinapis arvensis genome were cloned and characterized. The 700-bp tandem repeat family is represented by two clones, pSA35 and pSA52, which are 697 and 709 bp in length, respectively. Dot matrix analysis of the sequences indicates the presence of repeated elements within each monomeric unit. Sequence analysis of the repetitive region of clones pSA35 and pSA52 shows that there are several copies of a 7-bp repeat element organized in tandem. The consensus sequence of this repeat element is 5′-TTTAGGG-3′. These elements are highly mutated and the difference in length between the two clones is due to different copy numbers of these elements. The repetitive region of clone pSA35 has 26 copies of the element TTTAGGG, whereas clone pSA52 has 28 copies. The repetitive region in both clones is flanked on either side by inverted repeats that may be footprints of a transposition event. Sequence comparison indicates that the element TTTAGGG is identical to telomeric repeats present in Arabidopsis, maize, tomato, and other plants. However, Bal31digestion kinetics indicates non-telomeric localization of the 700-bp tandem repeats. The clones represent a novel repeat family as (i) they contain telomere-like motifs as subrepeats within each unit; and (ii) they do not hybridize to related crucifers and are species-specific in nature. Key words : Brassica species, Sinapis arvensis, tandem repeats, telomeres.
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Subirana, Juan A., and Xavier Messeguer. "Tandem Repeats in Bacillus: Unique Features and Taxonomic Distribution." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 5373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105373.

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Little is known about DNA tandem repeats across prokaryotes. We have recently described an enigmatic group of tandem repeats in bacterial genomes with a constant repeat size but variable sequence. These findings strongly suggest that tandem repeat size in some bacteria is under strong selective constraints. Here, we extend these studies and describe tandem repeats in a large set of Bacillus. Some species have very few repeats, while other species have a large number. Most tandem repeats have repeats with a constant size (either 52 or 20–21 nt), but a variable sequence. We characterize in detail these intriguing tandem repeats. Individual species have several families of tandem repeats with the same repeat length and different sequence. This result is in strong contrast with eukaryotes, where tandem repeats of many sizes are found in any species. We discuss the possibility that they are transcribed as small RNA molecules. They may also be involved in the stabilization of the nucleoid through interaction with proteins. We also show that the distribution of tandem repeats in different species has a taxonomic significance. The data we present for all tandem repeats and their families in these bacterial species will be useful for further genomic studies.
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Wilkinson, Gerald S., Frieder Mayer, Gerald Kerth, and Barbara Petri. "Evolution of Repeated Sequence Arrays in the D-Loop Region of Bat Mitochondrial DNA." Genetics 146, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 1035–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.3.1035.

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Analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences from 41 species of bats representing 11 families revealed that repeated sequence arrays near the tRNA-Pro gene are present in all vespertilionine bats. Across 18 species tandem repeats varied in size from 78 to 85 bp and contained two to nine repeats. Heteroplasmy ranged from 15% to 63%. Fewer repeats among heteroplasmic than homoplasmic individuals in a species with up to nine repeats indicates selection may act against long arrays. A lower limit of two repeats and more repeats among heteroplasmic than homoplasmic individuals in two species with few repeats suggests length mutations are biased. Significant regressions of heteroplasmy, θ and π, on repeat number further suggest that repeat duplication rate increases with repeat number. Comparison of vespertilionine bat consensus repeats to mammal control region sequences revealed that tandem repeats of similar size, sequence and number also occur in shrews, cats and bighorn sheep. The presence of two conserved protein-binding sequences in all repeat units indicates that convergent evolution has occurred by duplication of functional units. We speculate that D-loop region tandem repeats may provide signal redundancy and a primitive repair mechanism in the event of somatic mutations to these binding sites.
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Horton, Richard. "Offline: Tandem repeats." Lancet 376, no. 9756 (December 2010): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62193-9.

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Luby, Thomas M., Carol E. Schrader, Janet Stavnezer, and Erik Selsing. "The μ Switch Region Tandem Repeats Are Important, but Not Required, for Antibody Class Switch Recombination." Journal of Experimental Medicine 193, no. 2 (January 8, 2001): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.193.2.159.

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Class switch DNA recombinations change the constant (C) region of the antibody heavy (H) chain expressed by a B cell and thereby change the antibody effector function. Unusual tandemly repeated sequence elements located upstream of H chain gene exons have long been thought to be important in the targeting and/or mechanism of the switch recombination process. We have deleted the entire switch tandem repeat element (Sμ) from the murine μ H chain gene. We find that the Sμ tandem repeats are not required for class switching in the mouse immunoglobulin H-chain locus, although the efficiency of switching is clearly reduced. Our data demonstrate that sequences outside of the Sμ tandem repeats must be capable of directing the class switch mechanism. The maintenance of the highly repeated Sμ element during evolution appears to reflect selection for a highly efficient switching process rather than selection for a required sequence element.
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Hernández-Ibarra, Norma Karina, Andrew R. Leitch, Pedro Cruz, and Ana M. Ibarra. "Fluorescent in situ hybridization and characterization of the SalI family of satellite repeats in the Haliotis L. species (abalone) of the Northeast Pacific." Genome 51, no. 8 (August 2008): 570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g08-041.

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The SalI satellite repeat previously identified in Haliotis L. (abalone) was thought to be present in H. rufescens and absent in H. fulgens . However, we show here that SalI is also found in H. fulgens and is not useful for screening hybrid individuals bred in aquaculture or occurring naturally in the wild. SalI is a family of predominantly subtelomeric tandemly repeated sequences, and sequenced clones revealed clustering to species and little intraspecific variation. Analysis of SalI sequence divergence between Haliotis species of the Northeast Pacific revealed that evolutionary distances correlate well with bathymetric and latitudinal species distributions. Analysis of the structure of the tandem repeats revealed two regions of high sequence conservation that may contain conserved transcription factor binding sites, a surprise for an apparently “non-coding” tandem repeat. We speculate that these regions might be involved in heterochromatin silencing, perhaps mediated via transcriptional activity and RNA interference. The repeats show substantial differences in their chromosomal distributions, even between individuals of the same species, indicating a dynamic organization of repeats, perhaps mediated via sequence homogenization.
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Smith, Kirby D., Keith E. Young, C. Conover Talbot, and Barbara J. Schmeckpeper. "Repeated DNA of the human Y chromosome." Development 101, Supplement (March 1, 1987): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.101.supplement.77.

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A significant fraction of the human Y chromosome is composed of DNA sequences which have homologues on the X chromosome or autosomes in humans and non-human primates. However, most human Ychromosome sequences so far examined do not have homologues on the Y chromosomes of other primates. This observation suggests that a significant proportion of the human Y chromosome is composed of sequences that have acquired their Y-chromosome association since humans diverged from other primates. More than 50 % of the human Y chromosome is composed of a variety of repeated DNAs which, with one known exception, can be distinguished from homologues elsewhere in the genome. These include the alphoid repeats, the major human SINE (Alu repeats) and several additional families of repeats which account for the majority of Y-chromosome repeated DNA. The alphoid sequences tandemly clustered near the centromere on the Y chromosome can be distinguished from those on other chromosomes by both sequence and repeat organization, while the majority of Y-chromosome Alu repeats have little homology with genomic consensus Alu sequences. In contrast, the Y-chromosome LINE repeats cannot be distinguished from LINEs found on other chromosomes. It has been proposed that both SINE and LINE repeats have been dispersed throughout the genome by mechanisms that involve RNA intermediates. The difference in the relationship of the Y-chromosome Alu and LINE repeats to their respective family members elsewhere in the genome makes it possible that their dispersal to the Y chromosome has occurred by different mechanisms or at different rates. In addition to the SINE and LINE repeats, the human Y chromosome contains a group of repeated DNA elements originally identified as 3·4 and 2·1 kb fragments in HaeIII digests of male genomic DNA. Although the 3·4 and 2·1 kb Y repeats do not crossreact, both exist as tandem clusters of alternating Yspecific and non-Y-specific sequences. The 3·4 kb Y repeats contain at least three distinct sequences with autosomal homologies interspersed in various ways with a collection of several different Yspecific repeat sequences. Individual recombinant clones derived from isolated 3·4 kb HaeIII Y fragments have been identified which do not cross-react. Thus, the 3·4 kb HaeIII Y fragments are a heterogeneous mixture of sequences which have in common the regular occurrence of HaeIII restriction sites at 3·4 kb intervals and an organization as tandem clusters at various sites along the Y-long arm. The 2·1 kb HaeIII Y fragment cross-reacts with a 1i9 kb HaeIII autosomal fragment. Both the Ychromosomal and autosomal fragments are part of tandem clusters which have a unit length of 2·4 kb. All of the 2·4 kb Y repeats are similar and contain a 1·6 kb Y-specific repeat and an 800 bp sequence which has homology with an 800 bp sequence in the autosomal 2·4 kb repeats. While this 800 bp sequence is common to both Y and autosomal 2·4 kb repeats and is associated with a single Y-specific repeat, it is associated with at least four non-cross-reacting autosome-specific sequences. Like the Y repeat, the autosomal repeats exist as tandem clusters of 2·4 kb units and are composed of an 800 bp common sequence alternating with a 1·6 kb autosome-specific sequence. Thus, in humans, the common sequence is associated with several different sequences yet always occurs as part of a tandem cluster of 2·4 kb repeats. The common and autosome-specific sequences of the 2·4 kb repeats are also present in gorillas as part of organized repeat units. However, in gorillas the two are not associated with each other. The Y-chromosome repeats described here are a heterogeneous mixture of sequences organized into specific sets of alternating Y-specific and non-Y-specific sequences. They do not have an identified function and the mechanisms by which they are generated are unknown. Nevertheless, their marked chromosomal speciticity and the regularity of the basic repeat unit in each type of repeat seem inconsistent with stochastic mechanisms of sequence diffusion between chromosomes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tandem repeats"

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Mularoni, Loris. "Comparative genomics of amino acid tandem repeats." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7187.

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Tandem amino acid repeats, also known as homopolimeric tract or homopeptides, are very common features of eukaryotic genomes and are present in nearly one-fifth of human encoded proteins. These structures have attracted much interest in the early 1990s when a number of neurological diseases associated with repeat expansion mutations were discovered in humans. Despite their abundance in coding proteins, little is known about their functional consequences. Two scenarios have been proposed. In one, tandem amino acid repeat is considered a neutral structure generated by slippage event and eventually tolerated in protein as long as it does not disrupt the protein function. However, an increasing number of studies proposed that tandem amino acid repeats may be involved in important functional or structural roles. For instance, tandem amino acid repeats had been found to be especially abundant in transcription factors and developmental proteins, where they can potentially modulate protein-protein interaction, exert an effect on gene transcriptional activity, or act as spacer between different protein domains. In addition, several studies have linked changes in repeat size to modification in developmental processes. Despite the advancement made in the last decade, little is known about the selective forces that shape their evolution. The aim of this thesis has been to gain further insight onto the evolutionary dynamics of tandem amino acid repeats by studying the different types of mutations that occur in the amino acid component of the human proteome, by studying the relationship between variability and abundance of amino acid tandem with the evolutionary constraints operating on the proteins, and by studying their conservation and distribution across various vertebrate genomes in both coding and non-coding sequences. The integration of these approaches enabled us to outline an evolutionary model of these structures.
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Kinnard, Krista. "Human Tandem Repeats in Breast Cancer Progression." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146036.

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A tandemly-repeated sequence of DNA located approximately 1kb upstream of HIC1 has been identified which appears to regulate the expression of this important tumor suppressor gene. Loss of HIC1 expression in tumors, either by deletion or hypermethylation, has previously been shown to correlate with a more severe prognosis in multiple cancers. Initial data show that larger alleles of this tandem repeat do not influence incidence of disease but do appear to correspond with a heritable predisposition to more aggressive cancers, represented by earlier onset and increased metastasis. This study hypothesizes that there may be a connection between these more aggressive types of cancer but also with the deleterious BRCA mutation.
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Belele, Christiane. "Tandem Repeats are Sufficient for b1 Paramutation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194275.

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Paramutation is an allele interaction that causes a heritable change in the expression of one allele. At the b1 locus an interaction between B' and B-I alleles results in a change of B-I to B', symbolized by B'*. A combination of fine-structure mapping and transgenic approaches have demonstrated that the tandem repeats located ~100 kb upstream of the b1 transcription start site are sufficient for both paramutation and high expression.Plants carrying transgenes with tandem repeats in ectopic locations (repeat-transgene) were able to change B-I into B'*. The B'* state induced by the repeat-transgene was heritable and paramutagenic when segregated from the repeat-transgene. In addition, the repeat-transgene induced B-I silencing was prevented by the trans-acting mutation required for paramutation mop1-1, which was recently found to encode a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). Transgenes containing seven tandem repeats of only the 5' half of the sequence were able to paramutate B-I. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the paramutation sequences are contained in the 5' half of the repeats and they can paramutate B-I from non-allelic positions. Because paramutation induced by the repeat-transgenes and the endogenous B' allele are both heritable and depend on a functional RdRP, they likely involve a similar mechanism of RNA-mediated chromatin modification.Furthermore, we found that the tandem repeats are also sufficient for high expression of the b1 gene. When fused to a GUS reporter gene and introduced into maize, the tandem repeats enhanced GUS expression above the level observed for GUS transgenes that did not have the repeats. As observed with the endogenous B-I allele, the enhancer function of the repeats in the GUS transgenes is silenced by B' and the paramutagenic repeat-transgenes. After being with B' or the paramutagenic repeat-transgenes the repeats in the GUS constructs lost their ability to enhance gene expression.The identification of the tandem repeats as the sequences mediating paramutation suggest a new function for tandem repeats, mediating trans-interactions to establish heritable epigenetic states. Models are discussed for how alleles might communicate in trans to establish different epigenetic states and how the epigenetic state is maintained through mitosis and meiosis.
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Jochens, Arne [Verfasser]. "Zur Evolution von Short Tandem Repeats / Arne Jochens." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1050388720/34.

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Redden, Matthew Wyatt. "Tandem repeats in the genome of Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410818.

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Chang, En Pu. "Aspects of human relationship identification using short tandem repeats." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11250.

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Ledda, Alice. "Distribution and evolution of short sequence tandem repeats in eukariotic genomes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31968.

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Els microsat el lits s on seq u encies d'ADN formades per repeticions en t andem de motius curts. Les curtes seq u encies repetides en t andem s on ubiq ues en els genomes dels eucariotes, tant en les regions codi cants com en les regions no codi cants. Aquestes seq u encies tenen un nivell molt elevat de polimor sme i de diverg encia interespec ca. Hem investigat si les dades obtingudes mitjan cant la seq uenciaci o de nova generaci o del Projecte Pilot dels 1000 Genomes s on utils per quanti car la variabilitat dels microsat el lits en les poblacions humanes i per descobrir nous loci hipot eticament implicats en malalties causades per l'expansi o de repeticions de trinucle otids. Hem analitzat la conservaci o ologen etica dels microsat el lits per entendre el rol que juga la selecci o en l'evoluci o dels microsat el lits. El primer estudi conclou que en els llinatges dels vertebrats, les repeticions en t andem d'amino acids estan m es conservades que altres seq u encies similars localitzades a les regions no codi cants. Aix o ens porta a concloure que l'evoluci o ha mantingut les repeticions a les regions codi cants de les prote nes. En una segona fase hem analitzat la conservaci o dels microsat el lits en diferents regions gen omiques, comparant-les amb la conservaci o dels microsat el lits a les regions interg eniques. Concloem que la selecci o no mant e nom es els microsat el lits als exons, sin o que tamb e a altres regions gen omiques.
Microsatellites are DNA sequences formed by tandem repetition of short motifs. Short sequence tandem repeats are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes both in coding and non-coding regions. They show a very high level of polymophism and interspeci c divergence. We investigated the use of next generation sequencing data, from the 1000 Genomes Pilot Prjects, to quantify microsatellite variability in the human population and discover putative new loci involved in trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases. We analysed microsatellites phylogenetic conservation to learn about the role of selection in shaping microsatellite evolution. The rst study con- cluded that in vertebrate lineages amino acid tandem repeats were more conserved than similar sequences located in non-coding regions. This lead us to the conclusion that evolution was preserving repeats in protein-coding regions. In a second stage we analzed the conservation of microsatellites in di erent genomic regions, comparing them with the of microsatellite in inter- genic region. We concluded that selection was not preserving microsatellites only in exons but also in other genomic regions. 1
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葉本志 and Poon-chi Benedict Yip. "Uses of short tandem repeats in the diagnosis of genetic diseases." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31214848.

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Ahmed, Amany Mahmoud. "The application of short tandem repeats to paternity testing in Egypt." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340294.

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Yip, Poon-chi Benedict. "Uses of short tandem repeats in the diagnosis of genetic diseases /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18865458.

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Books on the topic "Tandem repeats"

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Hatters, Danny M., and Anthony J. Hannan, eds. Tandem Repeats in Genes, Proteins, and Disease. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-438-8.

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Hannan, Anthony J., and Danny M. Hatters. Tandem repeats in genes, proteins, and disease: Methods and protocols. New York: Humana Press, 2013.

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Butler, John M. Improved analysis of DNA short tandem repeats with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 2001.

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Butler, John M. Improved analysis of DNA short tandem repeats with time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Science and technology research report. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 2001.

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Hannan, Anthony J., ed. Tandem Repeat Polymorphisms. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5434-2.

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Tandem repeat polymorphisms: Genetic plasticity, neural diversity, and disease. New York, N.Y: Springer Science+Business Media, 2012.

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Butler, John M., National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, Christopher H. Becker, and Office of Justice Programs. Improved Analysis of DNA Short Tandem Repeats With Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012.

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Butler, John M., and Christopher H. Becker. Improved Analysis of DNA Short Tandem Repeats: With Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectroscopy. Diane Pub Co, 2003.

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Warburton, Peter Eyton. Evolution of tandemly repeated DNA: repeat unit variation of human alpha satellite DNA. 1993.

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Threlfall, E. J., J. Wain, and C. Lane. Salmonellosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0030.

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Salmonellosis remains the second most common form of bacterial food-poisoning in the UK and in most of the developed economies. Although the number of isolations per annum has declined since 2000, over 10,000 laboratory-confirmed cases are recognised each year in England and Wales, and over 150,000 in Europe. Most of infections are associated with contaminated food, particularly of poultry origin, but also may originate from cattle and pigs, and to a lesser extent, sheep. The most common serovars from cases of human infection is Enteritidis, followed by Typhimurium. Contact with pets, particularly reptiles and amphibians is becoming an increasing problem and infections can be severe, particularly in children. Accurate and reproducible methods of identification and subtyping are crucial for meaningful epidemiological investigations, and traditional phenotypic methods of typing are now being supplemented by DNA- based methods such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, variable number of tandem repeats analysis, and multilocus sequence typing. The use of such methods in combination with phenotypic methods has been invaluable for outbreak control at the international level. The occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs is an increasing problem, particularly in relation to the development of resistance to antimicrobials regarded as ‘critically-important’ for last resort therapy in humans. Control measures such as vaccination of poultry flocks appear to have had a substantial impact on the number of infections with Salmonella Enteritidis. Nevertheless good hygiene practices in both catering establishments and the home remain essential for the control of infections at the local level.
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Book chapters on the topic "Tandem repeats"

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Arnemann, J. "Tandem Repeats." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_3590-1.

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Arnemann, J. "Tandem Repeats." In Springer Reference Medizin, 2259. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3590.

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Kucherov, Gregory, and Dina Sokol. "Approximate Tandem Repeats." In Encyclopedia of Algorithms, 48–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30162-4_24.

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Kucherov, Gregory, and Dina Sokol. "Approximate Tandem Repeats." In Encyclopedia of Algorithms, 106–9. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2864-4_24.

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Kucherov, Gregory, and Dina Sokol. "Approximate Tandem Repeats." In Encyclopedia of Algorithms, 1–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27848-8_24-2.

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Madsen, Bo Eskerod, Palle Villesen, and Carsten Wiuf. "Short Tandem Repeats and Genetic Variation." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 297–306. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-367-1_16.

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Groult, Richard, Martine Léonard, and Laurent Mouchard. "Evolutive Tandem Repeats Using Hamming Distance." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 292–304. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45687-2_24.

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Alghafri, Rashed. "Y Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats Typing." In Forensic DNA Typing: Principles, Applications and Advancements, 277–300. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6655-4_14.

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Arnemann, J. "Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs)." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_3631-1.

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Arnemann, J. "Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs)." In Springer Reference Medizin, 2431. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3631.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tandem repeats"

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Butrak, Tida, and Supaporn Chairungsee. "Approximate Tandem Repeats Computation." In the 2017 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3176653.3176660.

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Liang, Yupu, Dina Sokol, and Sarah Zelikovitz. "Clustering Tandem Repeats via Trinucleotides." In 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdmw.2012.57.

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Pop, Petre G. "Tandem Repeats Localization Using Spectral Techniques." In Cluj-Napoca, Romania. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccp.2007.4352168.

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Wexler, Ydo, Zohar Yakhini, Yechezkel Kashi, and Dan Geiger. "Finding approximate tandem repeats in genomic sequences." In the eighth annual international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/974614.974644.

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Shang Dongjuan. "Identification of tandem repeats based on Fourier Transform." In 2011 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsess.2011.5982342.

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Pop, Petre. "Spectral Techniques In Finding DNA Approximate Tandem Repeats." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aqtr.2006.254677.

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Tenneti, Srikanth V., and P. P. Vaidyanathan. "Detecting tandem repeats in DNA using Ramanujan Filter Bank." In 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2016.7527160.

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Varma, K. V. S. R. P., Allam Apparao, E. Vamsidhar, P. Sankarrao, and S. Ravikanth. "GenMEx tool (Gene microsatellite extractor): Identification of tandem repeats." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccic.2010.5705841.

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Pellegrini, Marco, M. Elena Renda, and Alessio Vecchio. "Detecting fuzzy amino acid tandem repeats in protein sequences." In the 2nd ACM Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2147805.2147815.

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"Analysis tandem repeats and retrotransposons of Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/ Systems Biology. institute of cytology and genetics siberian branch of the russian academy of science, Novosibirsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/bgrs/sb-2020-004.

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