Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tangshi'

Hakhun Tangsa is one of around eighty ethnic and linguistic communities called Tangsa or Tangshang. Hakhuns live mostly in Arunachal Pradesh, India, and in Sagaing Division, Myanmar. The number of speakers is estimated at around ten thousand. Hakhun is a Tibeto-Burman language, and it forms a subgroup with Nocte, Wancho, Phom, Konyak, Chang, and Khiamngan called Konyak or Northern Naga. Hakhun is a tonal language with twenty-two consonants, six vowels, and a simple syllable structure. Open word classes include Nouns and Verbs; property concept terms form a subclass of verbs. Noun roots are mostly monosyllabic, and most multisyllabic nouns are compounds. Nominal morphology includes prossessive prefixes and a set of semantically specific suffixes. Case is coded by postpositions. Verb roots are also mostly monosyllabic. A few verbs have suppletive stems. Verb serialization is common, and expresses complex events like resultative and sequential. A few grammaticalized verbs/elements contribute abstract meanings like phase, associated motion, causative, benefactive, etc. Typical verbal categories are expressed by independent particles. The most extensive and grammatically obligatory set consists of single syllable particles called operators, which express verbal categories like tense, mood, deixis, negation, inverse, and argument indexation. The typical argument indexation pattern is hierarchical. Deviations from this pattern is used to express certain pragmatic effects like affectedness and politeness. Non-verbal clauses may take overt copulas depending on tense and polarity. Most semantic distinctions, such as equation, property-concepts, quantification, simulation, and location are expressed by the nominal strategy. Existential and possession are expressed by a distinct strategy. Typical verbal clauses include intransitive, transitive, and ditransitive; less typical ones include weather condition, sensation-emotion, reflexive, reciprocal, and ‘need’ constructions. Person-based split-ergativity is seen in case marking, where first and second person singular arguments follow accusative, and the rest ergative alignment. Accusative alignment is also found in argument indexation in non-final clauses. The object alignment is indirective in case marking. Complement clauses include sentence-like, non-finite, and infinitive complement clauses. Adverbial clauses include various kinds of temporal clauses, temporal/conditional clauses, counterfactual, concessive, purpose, and substitutive clauses. Clause chaining (medial-final) is prevalent. Independent sentences are linked through tail-head linking and through connectives.

I 乩童 jitong o tangki, in dialetto taiwanese, sono una particolare categoria di medium appartenenti alla religione popolare taoista e presenti sia all’interno del tessuto sociale taiwanese che in moltissimi paesi del sud-est asiatico. Attraverso rituali di possessione i tangki comunicano alla comunità di fedeli le parole della divinità della quale sono portavoce e vengono considerati capaci della creazione e del mantenimento di un dialogo con gli dei di cui tutta la collettività può beneficiare. L’indagine, basata sulle interviste rilasciate durante il secondo semestre dell’anno accademico 2011-2012, ha avuto come oggetto la figura del tangki inteso come soggetto sociale. I dati sono stati raccolti con lo scopo di investigare la rilevanza del fenomeno a Taiwan, cercando, in particolare, di comprendere le dinamiche di interazione che coinvolgono tangki e popolazione taiwanese.

La recherche porte sur le travail autobiographique "Le pain nu" de Mohamed Choukri, afin de problématiser l'étude de la littérature marocaine. Dans la première partie on trace un profil de cette littérature, de la période antique et jusqu'à nos jours, abordant les questions relatives à la colonisation, à l'identité nationale, à la décolonisation, et au plurilinguisme. Dans une deuxième partie on procède à l'analyse de la production de Tanger, dont Choukri est la voix la plus représentative. De cette ville la thèse rappelle la spécificité historique, économique et culturelle, au point que Tanger est devenu but des auteurs et des peintres occidentaux. De la présentation de la littérature nationale on sera donc passé à l'étude d'une littérature régionale, constituée d'oeuvres de Choukri, celles de Driss Ben Hamed Charhadi, Mohammed Mrabet, Ahmed Yacoubi et Abdeslam Boulaich. La littérature de Tanger présente en fait des modes d'écriture et des thèmes spécifiques, comme la faim, la misère, la marginalité. Dans la troisième partie, on aborde "le cas de Choukri" : auteur arabophone, illettré jusqu'à l'âge de vingt ans, a connu le succès grâce aux traductions du manuscrit arabe du "Pain nu" réalisées par l'américain Paul Bowles et puis par le francophone Tahar Ben Jelloun, avant que le texte ne puisse être édité en arabe. On compare l'"original" arabe aux versions anglaise et française, et on analyse la relation entre langues véhiculaires et diffusion des littératures dites émergentes, sur fond de polémique, entre Paul Bowles, Tahar Ben Jelloun, et récemment Choukri lui-même, et on approfondit la question du statut de l'auteur, ainsi que du rapport entre oralité et écriture
The research concerns Choukri's autobiography "For Bread Alone" as a starting point for a problematic study of Moroccan Literature. The first part outlines an history of this literature, from the ancient period to our days, dealing with the questions of colonisation, national identity, decolonisation, and plurilinguism. The second part analyses the Tangier's production in which Choukri's voice is the must representative one. The thesis evokes the historic, economic and cultural specificity of the town, to such a pass that Tangier has become a destination of Western authors and painters. From the presentation of a national literature, then it proceeds to the study of a regional literature, formed by Choukri's, Driss ben Hamed Charhadi's, Mohammed Mrabet's, ahmed Yacoubi's and Abdeslam Boulaich's works. Tangier's literature shows in fact specific writing styles and topics like hunger, poverty, marginality. The third part treats "Choukri's case" : an Arabophone author, illiterate until twenty years, has gained success by "For Bread Alone" Arabic manuscript's translations by the American Paul Bowles and the Francophone Tahar Ben Jelloun, before the text is published in Arabic. The Arabic "original" is compared to the English and French versions and the relationship between the vehicular languages and the spreading of emerging literatures is analyzed, dealing particularly with the controversy between Paul Bowles, Tahar Ben Jelloun, and recently Choukri himself, the issue of the authorship and that of the link between orality and literacy

The occupation of Moutoa Gardens in 1995 highlighted efforts by Whanganui iwi to draw attention to the non-settlement of long-standing land grievances arising out of land confiscations by the Crown in New Zealand in the 1860s. Maori attitudes to land have not been well understood by successive New Zealand governments since that time, nor by many Pakeha New Zealanders. In an effort to overcome that lack of understanding, this thesis studies a particular genre of Maori composition; namely, waiata tangi or songs of lament, which contain a strong indigenous sense of place component. The waiata used in this study derive from my tribal area of Taranaki, which is linked historically and through whakapapa with Whanganui iwi. These waiata were recorded in manuscript form in the 1890s by my great-grandfather Te Kahui Kararehe, and are a good source from which to draw conclusions about the traditional nature of Maori feelings for place. Two strands run throughout this thesis. The first examines the nature of Maori feelings for place and land, which have endured through primary socialisation to the present day. By focusing upon a form of expression that reveals the attachment of Maori towards their ancestral homelands, it is hoped that the largely monocultural Pakeha majority in New Zealand will be made aware of that attachment. It is also hoped that Pakeha may be suitably informed of the consequences of colonialist intervention in the affairs of the Maori people since 1840, which have resulted in cultural deprivation and material disadvantage at the present day. In the current climate of government moves to address the problems bequeathed them by their predecessors, it is important that the settlement of land claims and waterways under the Treaty of Waitangi should proceed unhindered by misapprehension and misinformation on the part of the public at large. The second strand of my thesis concerns the waiata texts themselves, which I wish to bring to the attention of the descendants of the composers of those waiata, who may or may not know of their existence. Since so much of value has been lost to the Maori world it is important that the culturally precious items that remain should be restored as soon as possible to those to whom they rightfully belong. Key themes examined in this thesis are the nature of Maori "feelings" for place and a "sense" of place; Maori research methodologies and considerations, including Maori cosmology and genealogical lines of descent; ethical concerns and intellectual property rights; ethnographic writings from the nineteenth century which tried to make sense of Maori imagery and habits of thought; the Kahui Papers from which the waiata were drawn; and the content and imagery of the waiata themselves. I also discuss the use of hermeneutics as a methodological device for unlocking the meanings of words and references in the waiata, and present the results both from a western sense of place perspective and a Maori viewpoint based on cultural concepts and understandings.

Hållbar utveckling har sedan 1987 definierats enligt Brundtlandrapporten "Vår gemensamma framtid" som en utveckling där dagens generations behov tillfredsställs utan att äventyra framtida generationers möjlighet att tillfredsställa sina behov. Mångtydigheten i begreppet hållbar utveckling har däremot skapat en diskussion i samhället om vad som ska ingå i tolkningen av begreppet och år 1992 i Rio de Janeiro hölls en konferens där man arbetade fram ett program för en hållbar samhällsutveckling, Agenda 21, ett handlingsprogram för det 21:a århundradet. Diskussionen om hållbar utveckling är idag ett inarbetat begrepp i samhällsutvecklingen och något som städerna i allt högre grad försöker anpassa sig efter. Det finns ett kunskapsläge som beskriver vad som ska ingå i den hållbara staden, hur man på bästa sätt planerar med hållbarhet i fokus och vilka modeller som ska användas för att integrera hållbarhetens tre delar ekonomisk, ekologisk och social hållbarhet. Däremot finns det ett glapp mellan teoretiska ramverk och faktisk planering, där många stadsbyggnadsprojekt trots sina hållbarhetsmål inte lyckas att fullt ut bli hållbara i slutändan. Uppsatsens huvudsakliga syfte är att dra en slutsats om det arbete som idag görs för att planera hållbara städer är tillräckligt utifrån den valda planeringsmodellen, SymbioCity, som har sina rötter i det svenska projektet Hammarby Sjöstad, som i olika avseenden används i kinesisk stadsplanering. Genom att jämföra planeringen av Hammarby Sjöstad med Tangshan Bay Eco-city i Kina har vi som mål att avgöra om man utifrån liknande mål och metoder kan planera hållbart där både ekologisk, ekonomisk och social hållbarhet får ta plats. Med utgångspunkt i en teoretisk analysram, som utarbetades efter kriterier och principer om hållbart stadsbyggande, genomförs en kvalitativ textanalys som jämför det svenska byggprojektet Hammarby Sjöstad med Tangshan Bay Eco-city i Kina för att urskilja likheter och skillnader i hur man strävar efter att bygga hållbart utifrån liknande planeringsmodeller. Analysen genomförs i två nivåer där första nivån analyserar SymbioCity som planeringsmodell och i vilka avseenden modellen kan vara ett verktyg för hållbar stadsplanering och i den andra nivån går analysen djupare och mer kritiskt in på hur Hammarby Sjöstad, Tangshan Bay Eco-city och SymbioCity förhåller sig till uppsatsens fyra kriterier för hållbar stadsplanering. Stadsdelarna är konstruerade med liknande mål om hållbarhet men den politiska skillnaden i Kina och Sverige ger olika förutsättningar för medborgardialog och social hållbarhet. Trots den sociala och politiska skillnaden mellan länderna blir arbetets slutsats att en modell trots allt kan vara en grund för planeringen av hållbara städer, men det måste visas hänsyn i arbetet till att en modell som SymbioCity ensam inte täcker in den sociala hållbarheten, vilket behövs för att långsiktigt kunna planera för hållbara städer och samhällen.

碩士
國立成功大學
中國文學系碩博士班
96
This thesis mainly discuss about the writings of the capital and the transformation of the attitude to the capital of the poets under different stages of attending to the imperial examination and acquiring the official capacity. Besides, An Shih rebellion ot only did a powerful influence in the power of Tang Dynasty, but also changed the capital writings of the poems, and so do the discussion about this was involved in this thesis. There are six chapters in this thesis: The topic of the first chapter is “Preface”. It illustrates the motivation and objective of this study. It also takes a review of the relevant study of capital writings and how to deal with the obtained material and the study process of this thesis. The topic of the second chapter is “Capital Writings – The Realm of Official Capacity Acquiring and Ambitious Fulfill”. This chapter divides those poets whom attend imperial examination into the two stages of “before examination” and “failed in examination”. Through the discussion about the two totally different life experience can we understand that although capital loaded the aspirations of ambitious and official capacity, the important landmarks and scenes could also triggered the poets appease their sorrow of failed in examination by writing poems. The topic of the third chapter is “The Capital Writings of The Official Careers of Poets in Tang Dynasty”. The extent of “the official careers” involves not only those whom had already being officers, but also involves those whom had passed the imperial examination but yet being assigned an official appointment. Because the minds of those whom passed the imperial test were much different with before, and the society also took them as officers, those poets should also be discussed in this chapter. Hence, there will be the discussion of the activity of the poets living as capital officials, such as parties, levee, spell, etc., that shows what the scenes of capital in this chapter. The topic of the fourth chapter is” The Recall of Capital of The Poets in Tang Dynasty”. For those poets who ever served as officers, they could not stop looking back at the capital that filled with their ambitions after they were relegated because they did live the official living there. Certainly, the writings under that time were the recall of the past capital living. It involved “The Symbols of Seasons “and “The Dreams”. Although the reason that Li Bai leaved Chang-An wasn’t being exiled, there are some special meanings of the numerous poems about the recall of capital living, Hence, we discus it at another “The Complex of Chang-An of Li Bai”. The topic of the fifth chapter is “The Recall and Reconstruction of Poems – The Capital Writings After An Shih Rebellion”. An Shih rebellion is the watershed that the Tang Dynasty turned form strong to weak. After An Shih rebellion, there appealed many poems that recalled the prosperous period of Kai-Yuan and Tian-Bao. Poets recalled and reconstructed the memory in these poems. Either the private memories of poets or the public memories of palace provide another view of capital. The topic of the sixth chapter is “Conclusion”. It concludes the findings of this thesis and indicates the possible directions for future research.

La tesi si concentra su un gruppo di 21 cortigiane (ji 妓) Tang (618-907) e discute la paternità delle poesie loro attribuite nel Quan Tangshi 全唐詩 (“Poesie complete dei Tang”) alla luce degli studi sull’attendibilità del canone poetico dell’epoca. In particolare, la ricerca separa la “realtà storica” (voci di cortigiane Tang) dalla “rappresentazione letteraria” (voci maschili o anonime camuffate da cortigiane Tang) e sostiene l’ipotesi secondo la quale l’immagine di queste donne trasmessa e canonizzata nei secoli dalle fonti cinesi sia figlia di pratiche editoriali messe in atto da autori ed editori di antologie poetiche attivi tra il X ed il XVIII secolo e, di conseguenza, in buona parte lontana dalla realtà storica. La tesi si compone di quattro capitoli e di un’antologia poetica. Il primo capitolo illustra le fonti utilizzate nella ricerca e fotografa lo stato dell’arte relativo agli studi cinesi e internazionali sulle cortigiane Tang e sull’attendibilità del Quan Tangshi. Il secondo capitolo è dedicato agli approfondimenti di tipo storico e lessicografico necessari alla comprensione del fenomeno oggetto di indagine e del suo retroterra socio-culturale. Il terzo capitolo è dedicato alla “realtà storica” e propone un’analisi dettagliata dei componimenti e degli aneddoti relativi alle 13 autrici definite “reali” all’interno della ricerca, presentati in traduzione italiana per la prima volta. Il quarto capitolo è dedicato, invece, alla “rappresentazione letteraria” e si concentra sulle false attribuzioni poetiche che coinvolgono le restanti 8 cortigiane incluse nella tesi. Oltre alla traduzione (per la prima volta in italiano) del materiale estratto dalle fonti primarie, in questo capitolo si ricostruiscono diacronicamente le tappe principali del processo di trasmissione testuale delle poesie e degli aneddoti che le accompagnano e, attraverso l’analisi delle discrepanze presenti tra fonti di epoche diverse, sono chiariti i processi editoriali che hanno generato le false attribuzioni in esame. La tesi si conclude con un’antologia poetica nella quale sono riportate le poesie tradotte nel corso del III capitolo.
The dissertation focuses on a group of 21 Tang (618-907) courtesans (ji 妓) and discusses the authorship of the poems that appear under their names in the Quan Tangshi 全 唐詩 (“Complete Tang Poems”). Separating the “historical reality” (real voices of Tang courtesans) from the “literary representation” (masculine voices in disguise), this research argues that the image of Tang courtesans transmitted and canonized by Chinese sources over the centuries is a cultural construct derived from editorial practices put in place by editors and publishers of poetic anthologies active between the 10th and the 18th centuries and, consequently, that this image is far removed from the historical reality of the time. The thesis consists of four chapters and a poetic anthology. The first chapter introduces the primary sources, the methodology and the theoretical framework used in the research and includes an up-to-date literary review. The second chapter clarifies the lexicographical, historical and socio-cultural background of Tang courtesanship. The third chapter considers the “historical reality” and analyses the poems and anecdotes relating to the 13 real Tang courtesans. The fourth chapter is about the “literary representation” and focuses on the poetic misattributions that affected the remaining 8 courtesans included in the thesis. In addition to the translation of the material taken from the primary sources, this last chapter reconstructs the textual history of the anecdotes that precede the poems as well as the editorial processes that led to the false poetic attribution discussed. All poems and anecdotes included in the dissertation are translated in Italian for the first time by the author.

博士
逢甲大學
中國文學系
105
Abstract The use in common life, the way to use incense and the influence of incense toward life lead to the definition of incense. Chinese incense culture became more complete in Tang Dynasty. The life of middle and upper class in Tang Dynasty was closely related incense culture. The use of incense in Tang Dynasty, through analyzing Quan Tangshi, can make us see the actual use of incense in the royal and the noble in Tang Dynasty. For the powerful strength, the strong economy, the stability of the society and the open attitude toward exotic culture, ambassadors came to China, economy became even more stronger. The use of incense in agriculture, makeup, worship, medical treatment and common life was in a luxury way. It was a way of showing off the power and strength of the people and the country. In late Tang Dynasty, after the An Lushan Rebellion, incense was not only a common material, but a thing for scholars to escape from the disillusion of reality, spiritual substance or a vital part of taste of scholars. This article observes the use of incense among the royal and the noble in Tang Dynasty through analyzing the Quan Tangshi of Chunghwa Book Company version. Keywords: Incense Culture, Quan Tangshi ( Complete Tang Poems), Manor, Worship, Court Meeting, Makeup and Clothing, Genji Monogatari

碩士
臺灣大學
社會學研究所
98
In 2004, Master Chin Kung established the Lujiang Centre of Cultural Education (LCCE). It was located at Tangchi, a small town in Lujiang County, Anhui Province. The center was devoted to the teaching of Confucius to the locals. Since then, the centre had contributed to lower crime rates and divorce rates. It attracted many visitors and brought about economic prosperity in the small town; even the UNESCO sent people to investigate it. We called these “the Tangchi phenomenon.” The influence of “the phenomenon of Tangchi,” profound as it is, can be approached from various perspectives. The current study approaches it by locating it in two contexts: “the revival of traditional Confucian culture” and “cultural transformation of contemporary rural China.” As a result of rapid political and economical reform and development, people in China can experience emptiness in their individual spiritual lives. Hence the revival of traditional Chinese culture, in particular, Confucianism. What also leads to the revival is the improvement of life quality of the farmers, which brought about some problems, called the Three Rural Issues: the issues remain to be tackled with by the long ignored traditional cultural heritage. Reading the Tangchi phenomenon against these two contexts, the study argues that the LCCE can contribute to the transformation of Chinese rural culture. In our review of the literature, many scholars worried about the deterioration of rural culture and propose solution from the perspective of political economy. The current study tries to point out the deficiency of existing discussions (in two kinds of discourse of modernity) and argue that Confucianism may help to solve the problems encountered by the cultural transformation in Chinese rural areas. After introducing the two contexts, the study moves on to describe the activities and views of local residents in LCCE. First, it introduces the core teachings of the center, which are “Self-cultivation is the foundation; education is the priority.” What features the center’s teaching is it helps students “learn to live like Confucius" instead of "treating Confucius’ teaching as simply classroom teaching and study". The center emphasizes the traditional Chinese ethics and moral values, honoring and practicing what is stated in a booklet based on the teaching of Confucius, Standards for Being a Good Student and Child. The booklet provides highly workable guidelines for one''s behavior, word and thought in order to cultivate one''s virtues. Regarding the development of LCCE, the study talks about its history, its interactions with the locals and its impact in three sections: “the initial period”, “the prospering period”, and “the period of transformation and closure.” These are the questions discussed: when, why, how they were established; who involved in these activities; how about their core ideas; what did they do; what kinds of the effects had been achieved. Briefly answered here, the inaugurator is a Master who is a foreign religious leader. The feature of “foreign religion” made it difficult for the center to get established during the initial period. During its prospering period, LCCE interacted with residents through such activities as “countryside education,” “picking up litter on the streets, cleaning up should one stumble upon some rubbish,” “flag-raising ceremony,” “model selection.” Through the promotion of Master Ching Kung and the success of “Series of Lectures on Happy Life”, more and more people joined this group. As the center’s impact grew, it also attracted the government’s attention arousing their worries and concern. Finally, LCCE had to be temporarily closed in November 2008. The study shall further investigate the reason for its closure and its follow-up effects. Although LCCE lasted for only three years in the small town Tangchi, its strong character has made an impact far exceeding what the town was able to achieve by itself. The existence of the center in the rural area thus bestows on the town a dual nature: the area turns out to be both rural and urban or even global/international/universal. The small town’s experience can inspire other towns regarding their transformation: to get transformed, a town needs a kind of resource that disregards the differences between a town and a city. The long-lasting traditional Chinese culture, headed by Confucius’ teaching, is what can help the transformation. Judging by the core basic values promoted by LCCE, I don’t think the adoption of traditional Chinese culture in rural transformation will bring about the problems many scholars are worrying about. On the contrary, the adoption can help us reconsider the idea of “the Pattern of Difference Sequence.” Cultural (re-constructions) in Tangchi, with its "spillover" effects, can inspire other villages in China when they deal with some ethical crises. In addition, from the perspective provided by the theory of “Broken windows,” the focus of LCCE on “starting from myself” or “self-cultivation” (in cleaning the living environment) is found to significant, giving an invaluable lesson to the constructor of rural culture. The LCCE experience also provides rich materials for life education: whereas life education by, for example, the Christian faith, may revolve around God, the education of LCCE is human-centered. Having explored the development of LCCE and its possible contribution, the study investigates its specificity and limitation. There is no panacea for all political and social problems. After all, we need to take into account local differences. Besides, the cultivation of one’s mind and virtue needs patience. What is proposed by the current study certainly needs alternative perspectives to make it more workable. By proposing traditional culture of China as solution to the rural transformation in China, the study is not advocating "the return of traditional Chinese society." What the study tries to emphasize is part of the resources for reconstructing modern China is available from Chinese cultural heritage. We should have some degree of "cultural consciousness," rethinking the meaning of traditional culture. The Tangchi phenomenon, which invites people to reevaluate traditional Chinese culture, will establish itself as a symbol of cultural revival with its great impact.

Sericulture has been a part of Chinese culture since ancient times. The silk dress was a symbol of the social privileges of the educated elite and the court. On the other hand, silk production and silk processing were also part of the everyday life of common villagers. For Chinese society, silk was an important material both economically and culturally. This diploma thesis analyzes how various aspects of life in Tang society, which were connected to silk, are portrayed in the works of the middle Tang poets Wang Jian 王建 (cca. 751-830) and Bai Juyi 白居易 (772-846). This paper identifies various themes and describes meanings that silk as a literary motif helps to express.

Education industry in China is leading to its “Golden Era”, among which are dominated by small-medium-sized enterprises. As managerial accounting is still a relatively new discipline, hence, the majority of small-medium-sized enterprises lack of an effective management system. This Work Project aims to design a Balanced Scorecard for Tangshan Little Star Education, a typical small-sized Chinese company in education industry. In this Work Project, providing an outlook of Chinese education industry is another objective. The main contribution of this project is to identify existing problems at Tangshan Little Star Education and help the owner/ manager to build a systemised performance measurement system.

碩士
台南應用科技大學
美術研究所
99
〝Military dependents villages 〞 scatteredin countrysides and towns around 23 municipalities in Taiwan, either big or small. More rural areas and towns are urbanized with the advancement of time and〝military dependents village〞 scattered in the periphery of cities have been included in the urbanization plan. Under Taiwan government’s reconstruction projects for aged 〝military dependents village〞, many old ones gradually disappeared into history with demolition, relocation, and reconstruction. This thesis is presented in paintings and literary writings to portray the memories of 〝military dependents village〞. For example, a red door is the entrance to a home; a house number plate is the identification of a home; a series of military codes reveal the message of power; and a demolition notice dies out a man’s heart that yearns for returning home and they all show the author’s sentiment toward Townshan Village in Yong-Kang, Tainan, Taiwan. This thesis is presented in three series:  Age Series: This series of works deliver the message of leaving and disappearing as well as the nostalgia toward pieces of objects. This series of works reflect the motivation of probing one’s origin from the odd phenomena such as double house numbers after realignment of household register, the abandoned houses and old stuffs. Works included: Windows、Abandoned Houses、Grandma’s Cabinets、Red Doors、Between Lanes and Alleys、and Security Awareness against Spies.  Code Series: The branding marks for demolition still left on the moldy and motley walls. The encoding marks for marking the edge of demolition and pile posts can still be seen on asphalt roads. To observe these phenomena, it cannot be helped but wondering: how far is it between the thought and its images? How much artistic purity could be left after filtering these images? Works presented in two parts, the first one is about military assets encoding: Military Assets Encoding 1、Military Assets Ecoding 2、Military Assets Encoding 3; the second part is the painter’s meditation on the remaining markings: Demolition↑△267°、Demolition 1-601 Mark、and H338 Demolition Measuring Nails.  Family Sentiment Series: this series consist of two parts. The first part presents the images in digital Tsai-rno, that is, to re-construct the portrait of Townshan Village with the processing skill of computerized digital coloured-ink images based on the pictures of 〝military dependents village〞 and the painter’s works. Works included: Encoding、Demolition Marks、The Entrance of the Village、Old Memories、Number of the House Plate、Metamorphosis、and Townshan Village. The second part is presented in literary writing which tries to show the next generation about those who used to live in the military dependents’ village. The work in the second part: From Foreign Land to Hometown - My Townshan Village. The bamboo fences of Townshan military dependents’ village of the 60s have fallen down! What can be left are the nouns only such as “OldTaros”、”Mainlanders” and ”Bamboo Fences”. I cannot hold this period of time still, but only keep the memories with my pen and brush.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
政治學研究所在職進修碩士班
94
The R.O.C. government migrate Taiwan in 1949. The mainland liberalism intellectuals who followed the government also disseminated the seed of the freedom and democracy to Taiwan at that time. "Free China" started publication under a background on such space-time. "Free China" the semimonthly began to publish on November 20, 1949, issued the last on September 1, 1960, altogether had issued nearly for 11 years. It is the most representative political criticism magazine of 1950's. At the beginning when "Free China" started publication, the interactive relation between "Free China" and the R.O.C. government was good. However, the free and democratic idea of "Free China" and Chiang Kai-shek's hurried country's authoritative system of party that wanted to set up ran in the opposite direction at that time. Therefore, the relation between "Free China" and the R.O.C. government was gradually worsening. Then "Free China" stepped out the essence of the pure speech publication, sought practice of the idea further. So far, "Free China" then became the organization publication that raises a set of opposition party. This text analyses "Free China" from three respects, including the key persons, the basic idea and the organization party movement. Besides, this thesis aims to understand the development process of the politics and the thought aspect at that time in Taiwan by this, and then probe into the status and influence of "Free China" in the development of Tangwai movement in Taiwan.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
環境生物與漁業科學學系
99
Abstract The yellow spot fan ray, Platyrhina tangi is an epibenthic batoid and widely distributes in sandy area under the depth of <100 m off northeastern Taiwan waters. Total of 465 females (11.7-58.5 cm TL) and 216 males (12.7-46.9 cm TL) including 37 neonates (mean size at birth 11.86 cm TL) were collected weekly in Daxi fish market, Yilan from Sep. 2009 to Nov. 2010. Vertebrae were used to estimate the age of specimens in this study. The maximum observed growth band pairs (consist of opaque and translucent band) were 20 and 11 pairs for female and male, respectively. Band pairs were assumed to be formed annually. The best fitted growth model was von Bertalanffy growth function. Parameters for female and male were estimated to be L∞=59.3 cm TL, k=0.12 yr-1, t0= -1.83 and L∞=49.6 cm TL, k=0.185 yr-1, t0= -1.68, respectively. The total length at 50% sexual maturity for female and male were 33.8 cm and 32.6 cm TL, and the age were both 4.1 yrs. Mating and breeding season were from Nov. to Dec. and Oct. to Dec., respectively. Gestation period was calculated for about 12 months, but a six to eight months phase of embryonic diapause was taken into account. The reproductive cycle was also estimated to be about a year. Uterus fecundity ranged from 2 to 23 embryos.

An examination of temporal and spatial variation of water quality across the whole watershed is undertook in this research. It is observed that the seasonal variation is apparent in all of the water quality parameters measured. And the spatial variation of water quality parameters gives us the general ideas that water quality is correlation with the watershed landscape.
An integrated approach involving Remote Sensing (RS) technology, Geographic Information System (GIS), Statistical and Spatial Analysis, as well as hydrologic modeling is put forward to perf0ll11 a comprehensive study on the relationship between land use-land cover and water quality in Wenyu River Watershed. Landsat TM data is used to extract land use-land cover information of the study area; while Arc Hydro model is employed to perform the stream network tracing and watershed delineation.
Based on an exponential model, separate multiple regression models are developed to estimate the contributions of different land types on six stream water quality variables, including TN, NO3- N, TP, PO4- P, COD and DO, in Wenyu River watershed. The resulted models are identified to well explain the water quality variables using land use types. And the goodness-of-fit of these modles are reasonably satisfactory.
Finally, this research also discusses the future-oriented studies: l) Higher resolution remote sensing imagery and more in-situ water quality data will be employed to improve the models with higher degree of "goodness of fit" in linking land uses and water quality. 2) Except LULC-related variables, other controlling factors will be considered to establish the more rigorous linkage models. 3) Identifying the relationship between the buffer landscape and stream water quality will be another subject of the future study. 4) Estimating the links between land use-land cover and water quality over an extended period is crucially important job in the future works. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
The above results and analysis provide insight into the linkages between land-use practices and stream water quality, and the developed models can help in examining the relative sensitivity of water quality variables to alterations in land use made within a watershed. The predicted values are close to the actual monitored values, which indicates that with little calibration and validation, the regression model can be used in another watershed under a different geographical scale, in a different region with variable landscapes.
The results of water quality comparison between different land-use structures tell us that land use types are significantly correlated to water quality variables in Wenyu River Watershed. And the Spearman's rank correlation analyses verify this conclusion, and reveal that urban and village have strong positive relationships with the water quality variables of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), phosphate (PO4-P) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). On the contrary, forest land represents the negative correlation with all the above variables and only positively correlates with dissolved oxygen (DO), which demenstrates that forest land is acting as a "sink" or active transformation zone.
The study offers supporting evidence for previous studies and can serve as a reference to similar studies estimating the response of water quality to the land use-land cover change. The results also indicate that with the integration of GIS and ecological modeling, a decision-making support system can be developed to manage land development and control non-point sources pollution at the watershed scales. This study also suggests that if we pursue a sustainable development, the land management with respect to its development must consider the further erosion on water quality in this area.
Wang, Yufei.
Adviser: Yuanzhi Zhang.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-06, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-136).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.

Tese de mestrado, Biologia da Conservação, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2019
Os engenheiros de ecossistemas são organismos que transformam ou criam habitats, afetando muitas outras espécies. Os ecossistemas intertidais estão entre os mais produtivos do planeta e têm um papel vital na sobrevivência de muitos vertebrados, nomeadamente peixes e aves. A sua importância é especialmente relevante para aves costeiras migradoras fora da época de reprodução uma vez que várias espécies apenas se alimentam de macroinvertebrados bentónicos presentes nestas áreas. O caranguejo-violinista, Afruca tangeri, é descrito como um engenheiro de ecossistemas em bancos de vasa intertidais, onde tem impactes importantes, nomeadamente na alteração das características biogeoquímicas do sedimento e do ciclo de nutrientes. Além destes impactes, o caranguejo-violinista integra a dieta de grande parte das aves costeiras presentes no seu habitat, o que o torna um recurso muito importante. Este estudo visou investigar a influência que as populações de caranguejo-violinista têm na estrutura da restante comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentónicos e dos seus principais predadores, as aves costeiras, no arquipélago dos Bijagós, Guiné-Bissau. O estudo decorreu em Adonga, no Parque Nacional de Orango, no arquipélago dos Bijagós. Para cumprir os objetivos foram selecionados dois tipos de área: com elevada e com baixa densidade de caranguejos. Em ambos os tipos de áreas, procedeu-se à amostragem da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentónicos utilizando cores de sedimento. Posteriormente todos os invertebrados recolhidos foram identificados ao nível taxonómico mais baixo possível e, para cada tipo de área, foi determinada a diversidade e riqueza da comunidade assim como a densidade, biomassa total e biomassa disponível para as aves (5 cm superficiais do sedimento) de cada taxon identificado. Foi também realizada uma amostragem da comunidade de aves costeiras recorrendo a parcelas marcadas em ambos os tipos de área analisadas e procedendo a contagens (intervaladas de uma hora) no período de 2h antes a 2h depois do pico da maré vazia. Posteriormente, para cada tipo de área, foi calculada a riqueza e diversidade da comunidade de aves costeiras e a densidade de cada uma das espécies de aves costeiras contadas. Foram ainda descritos e comparados o comportamento alimentar e a dieta de quatro espécies de aves: Maçarico-galego (Numenius phaeopus), Tarambola-cinzenta (Pluvialis squatarola), Perna-vermelha-comum (Tringa totanus) e Borrelho-grande-de-coleira (Charadrius hiaticula) com base em vídeos (3-4 mins) de indivíduos em alimentação. Com o objetivo de caracterizar as populações de caranguejo-violinista em cada tipo de área foram efetuados vídeos em 60 quadrados de amostragem. Posteriormente, os vídeos foram analisados e para cada tipo de área determinou-se a densidade, rácio sexual e distribuição das classes de tamanho das populações de caranguejo e ainda o rácio caranguejo/tocas nas áreas de elevada densidade de caranguejos. Por fim caracterizámos os dois tipos de área em termos de granulometria (percentagem de finos) e conteúdo de matéria orgânica do sedimento. Áreas com elevada densidade de caranguejos demonstraram um maior conteúdo em finos e matéria orgânica no sedimento. Nestas mesmas áreas, as comunidades de aves costeiras e macroinvertebrados apresentaram menor riqueza, diversidade e densidade, e, no caso dos macroinvertebrados, menor biomassa total e biomassa disponível para as aves. A comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentónicos em áreas com baixa densidade de caranguejo é dominada pelos poliquetas sedentárias das famílias Cirratulidae, Maldanidae e Capitellidae e pelos bivalves das famílias Veneridae (maioritariamente Pelecyora isocardia) e Lucinidae. Nas áreas com elevada densidade de caranguejo, as espécies acima referidas encontram-se também entre as mais abundantes, sendo ainda de mencionar os poliquetas errantes da família Nereidae e a substituição dos bivalves Lucinidae pela família Solecurtidae (maioritariamente Tagelus adansonii) como segundo bivalve mais abundante. É ainda de notar que os caranguejos-violinista tornam-se um dos taxa mais abundantes em áreas com elevada densidade de caranguejo, ultrapassados apenas pelo bivalve P. iscocardia. Não obstante, os caranguejos-violinistas são, isoladamente e com uma margem muito significativa, o taxon com os maiores valores de biomassa nestas áreas. Foram encontrados ainda 13 taxa em áreas com baixa densidade de caranguejo que estão completamente ausentes em áreas com elevada densidade de caranguejo. A comunidade de aves costeiras em áreas com elevada densidade de caranguejos é caracterizada pela dominância de Maçarico-galego (Numenius phaeopus), Perna-vermelha-comum (Tringa totanus), Maçarico-das-rochas (Actitis hypoleucos) e Íbis-sagrada (Treskiornis aethiopicus), sendo que o Maçarico-das-rochas ocorre quase exclusivamente nestas áreas. Todas estas espécies consomem preferencialmente caranguejos-violinista. Em contraste, em áreas com baixa densidade de caranguejos, a comunidade de aves costeiras é dominada por Pilrito-de-bico-comprido (Calidris ferruginea), Seixoeira (Calidris canutus), Borrelho-grande-de-coleira (Charadrius hiaticula), Pilrito-das-praias (Calidris alba), Pilrito-de-peito-preto (Calidris alpina) e Pilrito-pequeno (Calidris minuta), sendo este último quase exclusivo destas áreas. Todas estas espécies predam principalmente poliquetas, bivalves e/ou gastrópodes. As restantes espécies não demonstraram diferenças significativas na densidade entre áreas, sendo elas Fuselo (Limosa lapponica), Ostraceiro (Haematopus ostralegus), Tarambola-cinzenta (Pluvialis squatarola), Borrelho-de-testa-branca (Charadrius marginatus), Perna-verde (Tringa nebularia) e Rola-do-mar (Arenaria interpres). À exceção da Tarambola-cinzenta, todas as aves em alimentação nas áreas com baixa densidade de caranguejos apresentaram uma maior taxa de bicadas, mas essa diferença não se traduziu num maior sucesso alimentar. Praticamente não foram encontradas diferenças na dieta das aves entre áreas, à exceção de um maior consumo de bivalves/gastrópodes em áreas com baixa densidade de caranguejos por parte do Maçarico-galego e um maior consumo de bivalves/gastrópodes em áreas com elevada densidade de caranguejo por parte da Tarambola-cinzenta. Houve, no entanto, uma grande proporção de presas não identificadas devido ao seu pequeno tamanho e à distância a que os vídeos foram filmados. Nas áreas com elevada densidade, as populações de caranguejo-violinista são constituídas por indivíduos de classes de tamanho maiores, sendo que caranguejos com uma largura de carapaça superior a 1 cm são quase exclusivos destas áreas. Encontrámos ainda um rácio sexual enviesado para o número de fêmeas nestas áreas e um dos menores rácios caranguejo/toca alguma vez descrito. Não encontrámos diferenças significativas de tamanho entre machos e fêmeas de caranguejo-violinista. Este estudo destaca os possíveis efeitos das populações de caranguejo-violinista no seu habitat, particularmente mostra a existência de grandes diferenças na composição da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentónicos e aves costeiras entre áreas com baixa e elevada densidade de caranguejos. Com o conhecimento adquirido após a realização deste estudo é possível prever a estrutura mais provável da comunidade de aves costeiras presentes numa área do arquipélago dos Bijagós com base apenas na presença de caranguejo-violinista e, daí, prever qual a importância dessas áreas para cada espécie de ave costeira presente. Apesar de uma grande proporção de espécies de aves costeiras incluir caranguejo-violinista na sua dieta, a maioria das espécies tende a evitar as áreas com elevadas densidades de caranguejos. A presença de caranguejos-violinistas e o seu impacto nos macroinvertebrados e nas aves podem, portanto, ser muito relevantes numa perspetiva conservacionista já que esta espécie de caranguejo está amplamente distribuída nos Bijagós, a segunda área mais importante para aves costeiras invernantes na África Ocidental.
Ecosystem engineers are organisms able to transform or create habitats, indirectly affecting many other species. Fiddler crabs Afruca tangeri (Eydoux, 1835), have been described as ecosystem engineers of intertidal mudflats, delivering important impacts, namely by changing sediment biogeochemical characteristics and nutrient cycling. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the fiddler crab populations in the structure of the remaining benthic macroinvertebrate communities as well as on the spatial distribution of their main predators, i.e. shorebirds, in the Bijagós archipelago, Guinea-Bissau. To achieve this, we selected areas with high densities of fiddler crabs and areas with low density/absence of crabs and compared the diversity and density of macroinvertebrates and shorebirds between these areas. In addition, we described foraging behavior of four shorebird species in both types of areas. Study areas were further characterized by determining the granulometry and organic matter content of the sediment. Areas with high crab density were characterized by finer sediments and higher organic matter content. Both the macroinvertebrate and shorebird communities presented significantly lower diversity and densities in areas showing high crab density. Except for the Grey plover, all birds foraging in areas with low crab densities showed higher pecking rates, although we found no differences in the overall feeding success. This study highlights the diverse effects of fiddler crab populations on their habitat, in particular by modifying the composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna and associated shorebird communities. Although fiddler crabs are known to be an important prey item for many shorebird species, overall, high crab density areas are avoided by the majority of species within the shorebird community. Results from this study may be extremely relevant from a conservation perspective as fiddler crabs are widespread in the intertidal mudflats of the Bijagós archipelago, the second most important area for wintering shorebirds in West Africa.