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Journal articles on the topic 'Tanker'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Vojtyk, Jaroslav. "Analysis of studies on the operational properties of tank trucks." Avtomatizacìâ virobničih procesìv u mašinobuduvannì ta priladobuduvannì 58 (2024): 5–18. https://doi.org/10.23939/istcipa2024.58.005.

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Problem Statement and Purpose of the Work. The use of tankers, particularly with semi-trailers, for freight transportation ensures the delivery of bulk goods. This significantly improves the load capacity of tankers and reduces costs. There are many modifications of road tankers designed to transport various types of cargo, such as food products, chemicals, light and dark petroleum products. Despite the higher transportation cost compared to trucks, tankers are increasingly used. Moreover, there is no need for additional containers or packaging expenses, a high level of cargo safety is ensured

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2

Bagrat Devadze, Bagrat Devadze. "Bulk Cargo Marine Transportation Industry." Economics 104, no. 10-12 (2021): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs104/10-12/2021-70.

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Bulk cargo is being transported in large parcels to reduce transportation cost calculated per unit of cargo. Its main categories are: liquid cargo, dry bulk cargo and special bulk cargo. The deadweight of the fleet of ships carrying bulk cargo by sea increased 3.4 times in 1990-2020. Dry carriers account for 55% of the fleet and their deadweight increased 4.4 times during the same period. The Oil and oil products tankers account for 37% of the deadweights which has been increased by 2.4 times. The majority of the oil tanker tonnage (over 98%) comes from VLCC, Suezmax and Aframax type vessels.

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3

A, Sakthivel, Akaash B, M. Akshaya A, Arungiri Raja U, R. Akhil Raj M, and Karthic V. "Replacement of Defected Battle Tankers in Military." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 40 (2023): 3522–29. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i40.1696.

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Abstract <strong>Objective:</strong> The main purpose is to replace the defected battle tankers in the military at the time of war with the nearby battle tanker for the purpose of security and at the same time to replace the repaired tankers with the nearby tanker and solving the problem occurred in the tanker through the specialist. <strong>Methods:</strong> An application that stands as an intermediate between the system controller and the user for the purpose of Route Planning and Analysis and Communication and Coordination. <strong>Findings:</strong> It is found th

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4

Grbić, Luka, Jelena Čulin, Mirano Hess, and Svjetlana Hess. "OPTIMUM INSPECTION INTERVAL FOR TANKER IN UNIFIED INSPECTION REGIME." Transport 35, no. 3 (2020): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12692.

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Inspections on board tankers contribute to the prevention of accidents, which can have a significant impact to humans and environment. Therefore a high amount of tanker inspections is performed by various stakeholders. This practice could be made more efficient by introducing unified inspection regime, which covers existing areas of inspection, eliminates overlapping and has the potential to improve safety. In this paper an important aspect in defining inspection regime, inspection interval, is determined considering contradictory goals: lowering the costs of inspection and increasing useful s

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HALVORSEN, A. L., and N. A. EREMIN. "ON THE SAFE OPERATION OF THE UNDERWATER SHUTTLE TANKER OF HYDROCARBONS." News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 3, no. 1 (2023): 314–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2023-3-1-314-327.

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The article presents the results of the study "Providing a control system for the trajectory of an underwater shuttle tanker of hydrocarbons". The purpose of the work is to study the safe operation of an underwater shuttle tanker (Subsea Shuttle Tanker, SST) during ascents and dives in an accident-free operational zone (Safety Operating Envelope, SOE). The analysis of scientific and technical literature on the design of underwater shuttle tankers, their operating conditions inside the safe operational zone, including in emergency situations, is carried out. The paper analyzes scenarios of poss

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6

Wu, Wenfeng, Yubin Yang, Jianwei Zhang, and Jinshu Lu. "Study on Striking Ship with Loading Impact on the Performance of the Double Hull Oil Tanker Collision." Polish Maritime Research 25, s2 (2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0072.

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Abstract Due to the great danger of the collision of oil tankers, lots of research on the collision of oil tankers has been carried out. But, at present, the research on the collision of oil tankers mainly focuses on the loading condition of the struck ship, ignores the impact on the loading condition of the striking ship. However, during the actual oil tanker collision, the striking ship is generally in the state of loading. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the analysis of the impact of the loading condition of the striking ship on the collision damage of the oil tanker. In this paper,

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7

Wu, Yiwei, Jieming Chen, Yao Lu, and Shuaian Wang. "Fleet Repositioning, Flag Switching, Transportation Scheduling, and Speed Optimization for Tanker Shipping Firms." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 7 (2024): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071072.

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In response to the European Union (EU)’s sanctions on Russian oil products, tanker shipping firms may adopt two strategies to reoptimize their shipping networks. The first strategy is to switch the flag states of tankers that are not eligible to operate on certain routes. The second strategy is to reposition tankers based on their flag states, i.e., moving those tankers that are eligible from other groups to specified routes. To help tanker shipping firms minimize the total operating cost during the planning horizon in the context of EU oil sanctions, including costs of fleet repositioning, fl

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8

LaBelle, Robert P., and Charles M. Marshall. "APPLICATION OF OIL SPILL SIMULATIONS TO TANKER ROUTING OFF THE U.S. COAST." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (1995): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-265.

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ABSTRACT Enactment of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 has resulted in increased efforts by the U.S. Coast Guard to identify and evaluate existing tanker routing schemes that may pose a threat to sensitive marine resources. The Minerals Management Service is assisting in these efforts through stochastic applications of its oil spill trajectory models. Restricting tanker routes or establishing tanker-free zones would constrain the potential sites of future tanker spills. This restriction would maximize the available response time for containment, recovery, or natural dispersion of tanker spills. T

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9

.., Abedallah Z., Rasha .., and William Thompson. "An Innovative Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Framework for Picking the Right Used Chemical Tankers: A Classified Model-Based Discussion." American Journal of Business and Operations Research 7, no. 2 (2022): 08–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/ajbor.070201.

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Because chemical tanker boats are so expensive to build and maintain, shipping firms may not be able to supply their clients with fair transportation pricing. As a result, shipping businesses may find various benefits and chances by purchasing second-hand chemical tanker vessels. But picking a chemical tanker is a hard task that requires overcoming numerous misunderstandings and weighing several conflicting factors. A novel MCDM technique has been proposed in this study for this aim. EDAS approach is used in the proposed model, to handle uncertainty. In order to demonstrate efficacy, relevance

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Okudan Soytürk, Havva, and Abdullah Açık. "Unraveling the Link: Examining the Influence of Dollar Strength on Dirty Tanker Freight Rates." Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 13, no. 4 (2024): 304–17. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1549020.

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This study explores the asymmetric relationship between the U.S. dollar index (DXY) and dirty tanker freight rates, a largely unexamined area within maritime economics despite the dollar’s profound influence on global oil prices and economic stability. Tanker shipping, the primary mode of transportation for global oil and a capital-intensive sector, plays a crucial role in oil supply chains. Given that oil prices are quoted in U.S. dollars, fluctuations in dollar strength directly impact oil costs, demand for tankers, and the operational costs of tanker shipping. This study employs an asymmetr

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11

Hang, Bai Lin, Wen Chao Li, and Wen Bo Huang. "Defects Analysis of Liquefied Gas Tankers." Key Engineering Materials 561 (July 2013): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.561.435.

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To a great extent，traffic accidents of liquefied gas tankers are caused by the defects inside the tankers themselves. Analyzing what causes the defects, and putting forward the corresponding prevention measures, to reduce accident risk, is of great significance. In this paper, the research object is a defective liquefied gas tanker in a propylene factory in Shandong. The defects in actual transportation process containing weld joints defects and anti-wave plates are analyzed, and the corresponding solutions are put forward on the basis of the literature analysis. The results show that the main

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12

Rashid, Zulkifli Abdul. "Severity Impact of a Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE) – Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Road Tanker Accident." ASM Science Journal 18 (January 30, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1086.

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An explosion accident from a road tanker while carrying hazardous materials can have a dangerous effect on road users and the surrounding area through which the road tanker passes. Based on the evidence of the accident case involving the road tanker reported, it shows that this accident case can cause death and destruction to the surrounding property. In Malaysia, several cases of accidents involving road tankers have also occurred. Among the methods used to determine the impact of a road tanker explosion is the use of the consequences analysis method. Currently, there is limited number of sof

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13

Li, Haoqiang, Jihong Chen, Zheng Wan, Xiao Cao, Yaqing Shu, and Yun Bai. "Tanker Selection Based on an Entropy-Weighted Fuzzy Matter Approach." International Journal of Maritime Engineering 163, A1 (2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v163ia1.2.

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As an important aspect of global economic development, the choice of ship type for offshore oil transportation is a key issue in shipping companies making investment decisions. These can have far-reaching impacts regarding economic benefits and operational developments by shipping companies. To facilitate relatively accurate scientific decisions to evaluate the economic nature of tankers on investment plans, the study assigns entropy weights to various indicators and models tanker type economic arguments based on the entropy-weighted fuzzy matter-element approach, and by calculating the Euclid

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14

Wu, Yiwei, Yao Lu, Shuaian Wang, and Lu Zhen. "New challenges in fleet deployment considering EU oil sanctions." Electronic Research Archive 31, no. 8 (2023): 4507–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2023230.

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<abstract> <p>Due to European Union (EU) oil sanctions, tanker shipping companies need to redeploy their tankers by moving tankers between ship routes with the consideration of flag states of tankers, but the literature lacks quantitative methods for this problem. To fill this research gap, this paper studies an integrated problem of fleet deployment, fleet repositioning, round trip completion, and speed optimization with the consideration of flag states of tankers. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming model to minimize the total cost, including the fleet re

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Grbić, Luka, Jelena Čulin, and Toni Bielić. "Inspections on Board Oil Tankers." Pomorstvo 32, no. 1 (2018): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.32.1.13.

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Oil tanker inspections have an important role in enhancing safety and minimizing the risk of oil pollution. However, research has indicated that inspection items are overlapping among inspection regimes observed in a given time span on board oil tankers, thus making negative impact on ship safety, unnecessarily consuming shipboard human resources and having adverse economic effects. In this paper, current inspections performed on board oil tankers have been presented, including duration, intensity and average costs, directly or indirectly paid by shipowners. Our analysis of surveyed components

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16

Hadiwidodo, Y. S., F. Gymnastiar, N. Syahroni, and A. Rachman. "Tanker and SPM Motion Response Analysis due to Environmental Load." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1298, no. 1 (2024): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1298/1/012005.

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Abstract The use of tankers for oil and gas distribution requires auxiliary structures such as Single Point Mooring (SPM). In the process of loading cargo, tankers must maintain a level of stability so that the load transfer process runs smoothly. Stability needs to be checked using inputs in the form of structural responses in free-floating conditions to get structural responses when moored. Analysis of the motion response of tankers and SPM in free-floating conditions showed that ballast tanker loads had a greater motion response than full loads with the largest movement on roll at 3.59 deg/

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17

R., Bosneagu. "The current state of safety onboard oil tankers." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXII, no. 2 (2019): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-19-i2-025.

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Maritime safety is governed by a combination of international rules and regulations. Risk assessment onboard oil tankers involve identifying all the risk factors and quantifying their dimension. The loading/unloading operation on an oil tanker is one of the most dangerous maneuvers due to hazards, such as fuel pollution and fire. Loading a maritime oil tanker at a terminal is a complex activity, requiring a high degree of professional training and organization

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18

Keith, Virgil F. "DOUBLE HULL OIL TANKERS—HOW EFFECTIVE ARE THEY?" International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (1993): 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-745.

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ABSTRACT The groundings of the Exxon Valdez on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, spilling more than 10 million gallons of Alaska North Slope crude, and the American Trader off Huntington Beach, spilling almost 400,000 gallons of Alaska North Slope crude, suggest that the construction of oil tankers be re-examined with respect to a design which could reduce both the number and magnitude of oil spills. This paper discusses state-of-the-art tanker technology with respect to spill prevention, effectiveness, and cost. The design features include double hulls, centralized bunker tankers, vacuum-re

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19

Vlasiev, М. V., and G. F. Demeshko. "LNG bunkering tankers in marine ports: validation of demand in numbers." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 2, no. 400 (2022): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2022-2-400-89-98.

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Object and purpose of research. The paper considers specialist vessels for re-fueling gas-engined ships, so-called LNG bunkering tankers (LNG bunkering ship as per the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping). The purpose is to formulate recommendations regarding the bunkering tanker fleet configuration for a marine port taking into consideration their functioning model and projected demand for natural gas motor fuel. Materials and methods. Operational experience of the ship type under consideration as well as the performance factors have been generalized and analyzed. Statistics of bunkering co

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20

Guedes Soares, C., and T. E. Schellin. "Nonlinear Effects on Long-Term Distributions of Wave-Induced Loads for Tankers." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 120, no. 2 (1998): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829525.

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A method of long-term formulation of the nonlinear wave-induced vertical load effects on ships was applied to three tanker hulls of different sizes. For large tanker hulls, the nonlinear effect is not significant, and thus linear theories can continue to be used for earlier studies on these kind of ships, contrary to what was shown earlier for containership hulls. However, for smaller tankers, significant nonlinear values were obtained, with both sagging and hogging nonlinear results being larger than the linear ones.

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ARGYRIOU, Aikaterini-Sotiria. "TANKER FLEET OF GREECE: STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANCTIONS AGAINST RUSSIA – THROUGH A PRACTICE LENS." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY, Vol 22, No 3 (2023) (September 1, 2023): 375–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2023.03.375.

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The focus of this article is on the reorientation of the economic policy of Greece in the field of its tanker fleet development, influenced by geopolitical shifts resulting from the Russian-Ukrainian war. These shifts have led to changes in global demand for tanker fleet services due to sanctions imposed on Russia’s oil exports. The primary objective of this research was to compare the Greek tanker and LNG fleets with fleets of comparable size in the United States and Singapore. The study relied on secondary data collected from articles in journals, books and official websites, and the Clarkso

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22

Sugianto, Erik, and Hendika Puji Haditama. "PENGGUNAAN METODE KOMPUTERISASI DALAM PENENTUAN TAHANAN KAPAL TANKER." ROTOR 10, no. 2 (2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v10i2.6392.

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The ship resistance is influential to choose the ship's main engine, especially tankers that have large block coefficients. In general, ship resistance was obtained by modeling the vessel on a certain scale and then testing on the experimental tank. However, this test requires high funding, because testing requires special places such as towing tanks that have expensive operating costs. This research is intended to get ship prisoner with computerized method for tanker ship. Then the result is validated by Holtrop mathematical approximation method. The result of computerized method for speed 11

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Gooding, Peter W. "Collision with a Crushable Bow." Marine Technology and SNAME News 38, no. 03 (2001): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2001.38.3.186.

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Oil tanker collisions and groundings pose the potential for large spills. Currently, the International Maritime Organization and national governments have design standards for tankers that do not account for a vessel's crashworthiness. By using crashworthiness, a vessel can be optimally designed for both weather and extreme loading situations. Minorsky [1] examined the problem of collision damage on a vessel side wall. Using previous collision data, Minorsky generated a simple damage volume to kinetic energy relationship for the safety of reactors on nuclear-powered ships. Since then, many res

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Mitchell, Vincent B. "EVOLUTION OF A WORLD-CLASS TANKER ESCORT SYSTEM." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (2001): 1167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1167.

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ABSTRACT The Ship Escort Response Vessel System (SERVS) of Alyeska Pipeline Service Company (Alyeska) in Valdez Alaska is responsible for overseeing the prevention, preparedness, and response activities for the safe transportation of oil through Prince William Sound. Since the inception of SERVS in 1989, escort vessels have accompanied laden tankers through Prince William Sound from the Valdez Marine Terminal to the Gulf of Alaska, a distance of approximately 70 miles. The tankers pass through the pristine Prince William Sound, which encompasses over 2,500 square miles, with fjord-like topogra

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Oguntoyinbo, Oladapo, Samuel China, and John Obiri. "Disaster Risk Reduction Initiatives in Road Transportation of Petroleum Products." African Journal of Empirical Research 5, no. 2 (2024): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.2.11.

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There has been an alarming increase in disasters during road transport of petroleum products across Africa. In line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), there is a requirement for transporters in the petroleum industry to adopt DRR initiatives. This paper presents DRR techniques transporters can adopt to minimize road tanker accidents that lead to disasters. The study focuses on Kenya, but has implications for the entire continent. A survey was carried out via questionnaires, using random sampling, with a sample size of 391 tanker drivers, who worked for different trans

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Parunov, Jôsko, Maro Corak, and C. Guedes Soares. "Hull-Girder Reliability of a Chemical Tanker." Marine Technology and SNAME News 46, no. 04 (2009): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mtsn.2009.46.4.192.

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The aim of the paper is to calculate hull-girder reliability of chemical tanker according to the reliability model proposed by International Maritime Organization (IMO). The probability of hull-girder failure is calculated using a first-order reliability method for two operational profiles—one typical for oil tanker and the other one modified in order to reflect differences between oil tanker and chemical tanker. The evaluation of the wave-induced load effects that occur during long-term operation of the ship in the seaway is carried out in accordance with International Association of Classifi

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Ahmadi, Ahmadi, Arica Dwi Susanto, Arys Susanto, and Okol S Suharyo. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE ANP AND SET COVERING METHOD FOR THE ALLOCATION OF TANKER IN THE EAST SEA REGION OF INDONESIA." JOURNAL ASRO 9, no. 2 (2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v9i2.78.

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As an archipelago which has a wider sea area than land, Indonesia, in this case the oil company, must be able to serve and accommodate oil throughout the Indonesian sea, especially the eastern region. The lack of tanker cause the run out of fuel oil in remote areas, so there needs to be a sector division included in oil companies. The method used by researchers was the Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach and the set covering problem method. By determining the right dock location for the Tanker, the dock would be able to cover the entire existing sector, and through the determination of the

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Brooke, J. "Tanker." Massachusetts Review 63, no. 3 (2022): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mar.2022.0072.

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YALNIZ, Talha, and Oktay ÇETİN. "Investigation of the Best Solution Proposals for Reducing SIRE VIQ Inspection Observations Utilizing Fuzzy TOPSIS Integrated Fuzzy DEMATEL Approach at OilChemical Tankers." International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 10, no. 3 (2023): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1291867.

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A significant portion of seaborne transportation is carried out by tankers. While offering huge volumes of carrying capacity, due to the characteristics of the cargoes they carry, the reliability and environment friendliness of the tanker fleets need to be maintained to ensure safe and reliable transportation without harming human life and the environment. This forms the basis of additional inspection mechanisms to keep tanker ships operationally safe. Ship Inspection Report (SIRE) programme Vessel Inspection Questionnaires (VIQ) inspections form one of the additional inspections complementing

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Paik, Jeom Kee. "Innovative Structural Designs of Tankers Against Ship Collisions and Grounding: A Recent State-of-the-Art Review." Marine Technology and SNAME News 40, no. 01 (2003): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2003.40.1.25.

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The double-hull design concept is one of the effective ways for oil pollution prevention during collision and grounding accidents of oil tankers. Arguably there might be better design alternatives which improve the structural performance of ships against collision and grounding when compared to the thus far well accepted double-hull concept, or even a double hull that is better in comparison to what is being routinely achieved by today's design methods. In this paper, a recent state-of-the-art review is undertaken on the literature related to more rational tanker structural design procedures a

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Pazell, Sara, and Robin Burgess-Limerick. "A Human-Centered Approach to the Redesign of a Bitumen Trailer." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 29, no. 1 (2020): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804620908350.

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An electric heat-in-transit tanker (bitumen trailer) revolutionized the operation and design of bituminous tankers. It was developed using human-centered approaches and design philosophy, concepts, methods, and tools previously used in the mining industry. Task-based analysis was useful to contextualize opportunities and hazards. The new tanker improved efficiency in transit, reduced risk for exposure to hot bituminous product, improved access, reduced on-road travel time and risk for fatigue, optimized work performance, and challenged regulators to redefine safe transit requirements. The desi

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Yudo, Hartono, Wilma Amiruddin, Mahendra Guna Satriananta, and Wahyu Putra Nur Hidayat. "THE FIXED BAFFLE EFFECT ANALYSIS TO FILLING TANKS VARIATION ON THE STABILITY OF 4999 DWT TANKERS." Journal of Marine-Earth Science and Technology 2, no. 3 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j27745449.v2i3.163.

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The tanker is transportation to distribute the results of oil and gas exploration, where most of the exploration results come from the ocean. In this study, an analysis of the effect of adding fixed baffles with a certain number of baffles on the stability of the tanker will be carried out. The method in this study is to analyze the data of 4999 DWT tankers using Maxsurf Stability Software. The simulation was carried out in 4 percentage variations, namely 30%, 40%, 70%, and 90%, with full baffle installation in each tank. After calculating the stability analysis on the 4999 DWT tanker, it was

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KAZUTIN, Evgeny G., Alexander V. KOVALENKO, Arkadiy M. GOMAN, and Andrey S. SKOROKHODOV. "METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING THE LIFETIME CONSUMPTION OF FIRE TANKERS." Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials 3, no. 68 (2024): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2024-3-68-63-70.

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The results of previously performed studies are summarized, and a methodology for estimating the lifetime consumption of fire tankers is presented. The proposed methodology takes into account the specific features of the practical operation of a fire truck, as well as its integral part — the tank, which has a significant impact on the loss of the lifetime of the vehicle as a whole. The methodology combines computational and statistical methods, and also develops an approach based on taking into account two interdependent factors: mileage and operating time. In combination, this makes it possib

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Hattori, Katsuhiko, and A. N. Perakis. "The Overtonnage of Large Tankers: Status and Prospects." Journal of Ship Production 2, no. 03 (1986): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1986.2.3.163.

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The surplus tonnage in the tanker market has been steadily increasing each year since the second oil crisis, with very large and ultra large crude carriers (VLCC's and ULCC's) being hit the hardest. As a result of these constant increases, the market has been very depressed since 1981, with excess tonnage of more than 100 million dwt. After more than four years of such an overwhelming volume of excess tonnage, the overall situation remains unchanged, despite the massive demolitions underway. In spite of this surplus tonnage, wide spot rate fluctuations were registered in 1984, under the growin

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Valenti, Michael. "Double Wrapped." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 01 (1999): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-jan-2.

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This article discusses that a probabilistic study showed that the use of double-hulled shuttle tankers could reduce the probability of spillage resulting from collisions, contact with non-ship objects, and groundings by 75 percent. American petroleum companies are already using double-hulled tankers. The efficacy of double-hulled vessels in preventing environmental threats was borne out in October 1997 by Conoco Inc.’s tanker Guardian. Conoco, based in Houston, has operated a 100 percent double-hulled U.S. tanker fleet since August 1998. Indeed, the company decided to build only double-hulled

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Paik, Jeom Kee, Jae Myung Lee, Joon Sung Hwang, and Young II Park. "A Time-Dependent Corrosion Wastage Model for the Structures of Single-and Double-Hull Tankers and FSOs and FPSOs." Marine Technology and SNAME News 40, no. 03 (2003): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2003.40.3.201.

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This paper presents a mathematical model for predicting time-variant corrosion wastage of the structures of single-and double-hull tankers; floating, storage, and off-loading units (FSOs); and floating, production, storage, and off-loading units (FPSOs). The measurement data of corrosion depth (thickness loss) for single-skin oil tanker structures of various ages are collected, and the statistical characteristics (mean, variance, distribution) of measured corrosion data are quantified in terms of ship age. A set of timedependent corrosion wastage models for 34 different structural member group

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RODRIGUEZ, JOSE L., PILAR GAVA, MARGARITA MEDINA, and MANUEL NUÑEZ. "Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in Ewes' Raw Milk." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 7 (1994): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.7.571.

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Ewes' milk samples from 287 farm bulk tanks and 17 transport tankers were analyzed for Listeria over a one-year period. Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua were detected in 2.19% and 2.00% of 1052 farm samples, and in 18.38% and 11.76% of 136 tanker samples, respectively. Incidence of Listeria grayi, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria seeligeri and Listeria welshimeri was under 0.4% in farm samples and under 1% in tanker samples. Most farms (93.38%) produced milk free from L. monocytogenes throughout the one-year sampling period. No seasonal influence on milk contamination by Listeria was fou

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Wierzbicki, T., D. B. Peer, and E. Rady. "The Anatomy of Tanker Grounding." Marine Technology and SNAME News 30, no. 02 (1993): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1993.30.2.71.

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The destructive effects of the Exxon Valdez grounding achieved worldwide notice. Yet, few tools exist for the ship designer or classification societies to assess or improve the survival of ships and cargo in catastrophic grounding situations. Two models have been developed which provide new insight into the grounding of longitudinally framed tankers. Several typical failure modes have been identified and calculations support the observed failure pattern in recent tanker groundings. The extent of damage to the bottom has been calculated and related to the kinetic energy of the ship, the geometr

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Yu, Guojun, Sheng Jia, and Yanting Geng. "Numerical Investigation into the Two-Phase Convective Heat Transfer within the Hold of an Oil Tanker Subjected to a Rolling Motion." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 4 (2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7040094.

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A crude oil tanker usually encounters a rolling motion during sea transportation, which leads to rotational movement and sometimes a sloshing of the liquid hold. This rolling-induced body motion seriously affects the thermal and hydraulic behavior of the liquid hold, which then affects the heating process and heat preservation of the tanker. Clarification of the involved thermal and hydraulic characteristics is the basic requirement for establishment of a scientific heating scheme and heat preservation method. A two-phase 3D model considering the free liquid surface and non-Newtonian behavior

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Gucma, Stanisław, and Maciej Gucma. "Optimization of LNG terminal parameters for a wide range of gas tanker sizes: the case of the port of Świnoujście." Archives of Transport 50, no. 2 (2019): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5696.

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LNG terminals are built to handle tankers of specific size, with cargo capacities within a narrow scope. This is related to the differences in cargo, fender and mooring systems used for LNG tanker handling of various sizes. The research problem solved in the article is the development of the method for optimal design of a universal LNG cargo handling facility that enables safe operations of LNG tankers in a wide range of cargo capacity that covers almost entire spectrum of global fleet tanker sizes. The article presents a methodology of optimizing the parameters of LNG cargo terminals to accom

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Watts, Robert. "Controversial Victory: The “Tanker War” Against Japan, 1942–1944." Open Military Studies 2, no. 1 (2022): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openms-2022-0137.

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Abstract In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the Army Air Corps (soon to be Air Force) provoked controversy by criticizing the Navy’s “tanker war” against Japanese oil, stating that Japan’s collapse might have occurred months if not years sooner had a coordinated submarine campaign against tankers been conducted. For years, submariners pointed to a host of problems as to why enemy oil tankers were not targeted effectively until later in the war, including prewar doctrine, faulty torpedoes and lack of intelligence. The reality – classified until the early 1980s – was that intell

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Wang, Jin Gang, Zhi Cheng Cui, and Li Zhong Liu. "Parameterized and Modular Theory Used in Rapid Design System of Simi-Trailer Tanker." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1664.

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In order to improve the quality of semi-trailer tanker design, shorter the development cycle, lower cost, and combine with structural features of its own semi-trailer tanker, the use of modular design theory, a module partition, structural analysis and interface settings and other methods of semi- trailer to the overall structure of tanker design the general framework of semi-trailer tanker. With the UG/OPEN and Microsoft C++6.0 development tools, parameterize the parts of semi-trailer tanker. Developed in the context of the semi-trailer tanker UG rapid design system design module, and verify

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Daidola, John C. "Tanker Structure Behavior During Collision and Grounding." Marine Technology and SNAME News 32, no. 01 (1995): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1995.32.1.20.

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Recent accidents and the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 have precipitated a renewed interest in the behavior of tanker structure in collision and grounding. The nature of collision and grounding is reviewed and analysis techniques are identified from the literature. Existing and proposed structural arrangements for modern tankers are considered in light of their ability to provide environmental and cargo protection during collision and grounding. Critical structural details which may reduce the protective characteristics of the structure are identified. Sample calculations and results are provided

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HASYIM, HASYIM, I. GEDE PUTU WARKA, and CAHYA PURI ARIATI. "ANALISA PRODUKTIVITAS DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL ALAT BERAT PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN STREET-RACE CIRCUIT MANDALIKA." GANEC SWARA 15, no. 1 (2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.35327/gara.v15i1.183.

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The Mandalika circuit project is a large-scale construction project built in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). The 4.31 kilometer racetrack will have 19 bends, so it requires heavy equipment to improve the quality production and increase project efficiency. The analysis conducted to obtain the hourly productivity, operating cost, income and profit of excavators, dump trucks, motor grader, vibrator roller, and water tanker used in the worksite of Mandalika circuit. The hourly productivity for structural cut with a depth of 2 to 4 meter of excav

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Kim, H. S., M. K. Ha, F. M. Williams, D. Molyneux, and H. H. Chun. "Speed-Power Performance of 95,000DWT Arctic Tanker Design." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 127, no. 2 (2004): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1894406.

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When Arctic offshore development in the 1970s first led to consideration of ice capable tankers, there was a high level of uncertainty over design requirements for both safety and ship performance, and a lack of reliable methods to evaluate design proposals. Since that time, improved understanding of the ice environment has raised the confidence of design specifications. Parallel developments have resulted in a suite of engineering tools for ship performance evaluation at the design stage. Recent development of offshore and near shore oil and gas reserves in several countries, together with ec

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Zhou, Bin, Li Ma, Zhe Wang, and Zhong Zheng Zhang. "Lightweight Design of Tanker of LPG Truck Based on Material Strength Equivalent Substitution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.301.

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general steel of the original tanker of LPG truck is substitute by high strength steel in order to reduce the weight of tanker. Then strength and stiffness of new tanker is calculated, the result shows that strength and stiffness of new tanker satisfies safety requirement.

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Н.М., Лоран. "Методика оценки риска развития пожароопасной ситуации на морском нефтяном танкере". Сибирский пожарно-спасательный вестник, № 3(26) (11 жовтня 2022): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34987/vestnik.sibpsa.2022.17.83.001.

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В статье рассмотрены актуальные проблемы исследования методов защиты от пожаров на нефтеперевозящих морских танкерах. Приведены особенности проведения анализа оценки защищенности морских нефтетанкеров на основе вероятностных показателей. Особое внимание уделено обзору методических подходов обеспечения противопожарной защиты хранения и транспортировки нефти и нефтепродуктов морскими нефтетанкерами. На основе проведенного анализа и обобщения существующих методических подходов предложена методика расчета вероятностных показателей пожара на нефтяном танкере. При этом, матрица оценки рисков обеспеч

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THIEN, HUYNH PHUOC, Hong Duc Thong, and Tran Minh Tai. "Study of the effect of baffles on longitudinal stability of partly filled fuel tanker semi-trailer using CFD." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, SI2 (2021): SI13—SI23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3isi2.538.

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Sloshing of liquid in partially filled fuel tanker vehicles has a strong effect on the directional stability and safety performance. Under the maneuver of the vehicle, such as steering, braking, or accelerating, the liquid fuel in the tanker tends to oscillate. As a result, hydrodynamic forces and moments raise. It leads to reduce the stability limit and the controllability of the vehicle. To minimize the effect of sloshing, the baffles are usually added to the tanker. This paper presents the study of the effect of baffles on the longitudinal stability of the fuel tanker semi-trailer using the

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Son, Sung-Hun, and Kibum Kim. "Simulation Model of Regenerative LNG Refrigeration System for Re-Liquification of BOG." Energies 13, no. 15 (2020): 3894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153894.

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Boil-off gas (BOG) disposal in liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers has long been considered inevitable owing to the constant vaporization of the LNG in the storage tanks, but results in energy waste and environmental pollution. To address these challenges, we developed a re-liquification system that can condense the BOG and return it to the storage tank. The re-liquification system was modeled, and a case study was conducted to evaluate the viability of the system. The energy waste, which was quantified by tonnes of oil equivalent (TOE), greenhouse-gas emissions in tonnes of carbon dioxide (TC

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Nazarenko, V. M., and V. D. Savchuk. "SYSTEM OF AUTOMATED CONTROL OF TANKER CARGO OPERATIONS." Shipping & Navigation 33, no. 1 (2022): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/2306-5761.33.2022.87-95.

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Liquid cargo is transported by the tanker fleet in different climatic zones. Significant changes in ambient temperature are observed in these zones. At elevated temperatures, the volume of liquid cargo will increase. Consequently, there is a risk of spillage of the cargo onto the ship's deck. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) and the International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) regulate the filling of tanks when transporting liquid cargo. It is allowed to use only 98% of the volume of tanks, the remaining 2% is a reserve

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