To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Tannine.
Journal articles on the topic 'Tannine'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Tannine.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
NAKABAYASHI, Toshio. "Chemistry of tannine in tropical crops." NIPPON SHOKUHIN KOGYO GAKKAISHI 35, no. 11 (1988): 790–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.35.11_790.
Full text
2
Makkar, H. P. S., M. Blümmel, and K. Becker. "Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in in vitro techniques." British Journal of Nutrition 73, no. 6 (June 1995): 897–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950095.
Full textAbstract:
Various tannin-complexing agentsw have been used to study the potential adverse effects of tannis on rumen metabolism. Using a method based on turbidity formation, the binding of various tannin-complexing agents (polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP), polyethylene glycol (PEG) of molecular weights 2000 to 35000, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) of molecular weight 10000, 40000 and 360000) to tannins (tannic acid, purified tannins from quebracho (Aspidosperma quebracho) and leaves of trees and shrubs (Acioa barteri, Dichostachys cinerea, Guiera senegalensis, Piliostigma reticulatum)) was investigated at different pH values. The binding of all the tannins with PVPP was highest at pH 3–4 and lowest at pH 7. For all the pH range (3–7) studied, the binding of PEG was higher than that of PVP. For all the tannins except tannic acid, the binding to PVP was the same from pH 4·7 to 7. Similar results were observed for the PEG of molecular weight 6000 or higher for all the tannins except quebracho tannins for which the binding increased as the pH increased from 3 to 7. The binding with PEG 2000 decreased to a greater extent as the pH reached near neutral and for PEG 4000 this decrease was slightly lower. Addition of these tannin-complexing agents to the in vitro gas system resulted in higher gas production from tannin-rich feeds (increase varied from 0 to 135%). The PEG were the most effective followed by PVP and PVPP. The PEG 35000 was least effective. The efficiency of other PEG was similar. The PEG 6000 was preferred to PEG 2000 or 4000 as its binding to tannins was higher at near neutral pH values. The gas production increased with an increase in the amount of PEG 6000 up to 0·6 g/40 ml rumen-fluid-containing medium containing 0·5 g tannin-rich feed, beyond which no increase was observed. The percentage increase in gas value at 24 h fermentation correlated significantly with tannin values, the highest correlation (r 0·95) being with protein precipitation capacity of tannins. The increase in gas production was associated with higher production of short-chain fatty acids with little change in their molar proportions, suggesting an increase in organic matter digestibility by inclusion of the PEG in tannin-rich feeds. However, apparent and true digestibilities were lower on addition of the PEG, due to the presence of PEG-tannin complexes in the residues. The use of this bioassay (percentage increase in gas production in the presence of PEG 6000) along with other tannin assays would provide a better insight into the nutritional significance of tannins.
3
Zhang, Lin-Lin, Jie Li, Yi-Lin Wang, Song Liu, Zhi-Peng Wang, and Xin-Jun Yu. "Integrated Approaches to Reveal Genes Crucial for Tannin Degradation in Aureobasidium melanogenum T9." Biomolecules 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090439.
Full textAbstract:
Tannins biodegradation by a microorganism is one of the most efficient ways to produce bioproducts of high value. However, the mechanism of tannins biodegradation by yeast has been little explored. In this study, Aureobasidium melanogenum T9 isolated from red wine starter showed the ability for tannins degradation and had its highest biomass when the initial tannic acid concentration was 20 g/L. Furthermore, the genes involved in the tannin degradation process were analyzed. Genes tan A, tan B and tan C encoding three different tannases respectively were identified in the A. melanogenum T9. Among these genes, tan A and tan B can be induced by tannin acid simultaneously at both gene transcription and protein expression levels. Our assay result showed that the deletion of tanA and tanB resulted in tannase activity decline with 51.3 ± 4.1 and 64.1 ± 1.9 U/mL, respectively, which is much lower than that of A. melanogenum T9 with 91.3 ± 5.8 U/mL. In addition, another gene coding gallic acid decarboxylase (gad) was knocked out to better clarify its function. Mutant Δgad completely lost gallic acid decarboxylase activity and no pyrogallic acid was seen during the entire cultivation process, confirming that there was a sole gene encoding decarboxylase in the A. melanogenum T9. These results demonstrated that tanA, tanB and gad were crucial for tannin degradation and provided new insights for the mechanism of tannins biodegradation by yeast. This finding showed that A. melanogenum has potential in the production of tannase and metabolites, such as gall acid and pyrogallol.
4
Bobrov, Anatoly, Vasiliy D. Kravchenko, and Günter C. Müller. "Tannin-degrading bacteria with cellulase activity isolated from the cecum of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi)." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 61, no. 1 (May 5, 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15659801.2015.1016863.
Full textAbstract:
Tannins, which are polyphenols present in various plants, have anti-nutritional activity; however, their negative effects are mitigated by the presence of tannin-degrading microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. This has never been investigated in the plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) – the predominant small herbivore in the alpine meadow ecosystem of Qinghai Province, China – which consumes tannin-rich herbaceous plants. Tannase activity in the feces of the plateau zokor increased from June to August corresponding to the increase in hydrolyzable tannin concentrations in plants during this period, and three tannin-degrading facultative anaerobic strains (designated as E1, E2, and E3) were isolated from the cecum of these animals. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene identified isolates of strain E1 as belonging to the genusEnterococcus, and E2 and E3 to the genusBacillus. All of the bacteria had cellulose-degrading capacity. This study provides the first evidence of symbiotic bacterial strains that degrade tannic acid and cellulose in the cecum of plateau zokor.
5
Okum, J., E. Roffael, and B. Dix. "Eigenschaften von Spanplatten, hergestellt mnit natürlichen Polyphenolen (Tannine, technische Lignine) als Bindemittel." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 56, no. 3 (May 1998): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001070050297.
Full text
6
Lima, Juliana Silva de, Roberta Cruz, Julyanna Cordoville Fonseca, Erika Valente de Medeiros, Marília de Holanda Cavalcanti Maciel, Keila Aparecida Moreira, and Cristina Maria de Souza Motta. "Production, Characterization of Tannase fromPenicillium montanenseURM 6286 under SSF Using Agroindustrial Wastes, and Application in the Clarification of Grape Juice (Vitis viniferaL.)." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/182025.
Full textAbstract:
Tannase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes esters and lateral bonds of tannins, such as tannic acid, releasing glucose and gallic acid and stands out in the clarification of wines and juices. Fungi of the generaAspergillusandPenicilliumare excellent producers of this enzyme. The search for fungi that produce high levels of tannase as well as new substrates for the enzyme production by the SSF is required. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the production of tannase byAspergillusandPenicilliumspecies through SSF using leaves and agroindustrial waste barbados cherry and mangaba fruit as substrate, select the best producer, optimize production, characterize the crude enzyme extract, and apply it the clarification of grape juice. Selecting the best producer was performed by planning Placket-Burman and RSM.P. montanenseshowed highest activity with 41.64 U/mL after 72 h of fermentation residue using barbados cherry, with 3.5% tannic acid and 70% moisture. The enzyme showed the highest activity at pH 9.0 and 50°C. The tannase ofP. montanensewas stable over a wide pH range and temperature and, when applied to grape juice, showed higher efficiency by reducing 46% of the tannin content after incubation 120 m.
7
Yan, Q., and A. Bennick. "Identification of histatins as tannin-binding proteins in human saliva." Biochemical Journal 311, no. 1 (October 1, 1995): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3110341.
Full textAbstract:
Tannins have a number of detrimental biological effects and these include interference with normal growth and metabolism if they are present in the feed of various animals. Proline-rich proteins (PRPs) in saliva have been shown to provide protection against tannin, but little is known about the mechanism of protection and interaction of other salivary proteins with tannin. To identify tannin-binding human salivary proteins, parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva samples were adsorbed with tannin. PRPs, and in particular a group of low-M(r) proteins, were readily precipitated by tannin. The low-M(r) proteins were purified from parotid saliva and demonstrated to be histatins, a family of well-characterized histidine-rich salivary proteins. The ability of synthetic histatin 5, as well as an acidic PRP (PRP-1) and gelatin to precipitate quebracho condensed tannin and tannic acid was determined. At pH 7.4 histatin 5 was the most effective precipitant of both condensed tannin and tannic acid and it also precipitated the largest amount of condensed tannin at pH 3.0, but the smallest amount of tannic acid at that pH. In contrast PRP-1 showed a greater ability to precipitate both condensed tannin and tannic acid at pH 3.0 than at pH 7.4. Under most circumstances histatin 5 was therefore more effective in precipitating tannins than proteins with high proline content which generally have been recognized as strong precipitants of tannin. Pre-incubation of tannic acid with alpha-amylase inhibited the enzyme, but addition of histatin 5 or the acidic PRP PIF-s protected amylase from inhibition by tannin. Similarly salivary proteins may protect other biological activities in the digestive tract from inhibition by dietary tannin.
8
Lamy, E., E. S. Baptista, A. V. Coelho, and F. Capela e. Silva. "Morphological alterations in salivary glands of mice (Mus musculus) submitted to tannin enriched diets: comparison with sialotrophic effects of sympathetic agonists stimulation." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 62, no. 4 (August 2010): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352010000400012.
Full textAbstract:
In order to study the effects of tannins at histomorphological level, mice were either fed with three structurally different types of tannins (tannic acid, chestnut, and quebracho) or treated with isoproterenol, during 10 days. Acini of parotid and submandibular glands increased significantly, being the increase higher for parotid compared to submandibular glands, and higher in the quebracho compared with the other tannin groups. Sublingual acinar size also increased after tannin consumption, by opposition to isoproterenol-treated animals. The results present evidences that the effects produced by tannins are dependent on their structure.
9
Hernández, Mario Cruz, Juan Carlos Contreras Esquivel, Faustino Lara, Raúl Rodríguez, and Cristóbal N. Aguilar. "Isolation and Evaluation of Tannin-degrading Fungal Strains from the Mexican Desert." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2005): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-11-1205.
Full textAbstract:
Eleven fungal strains (4 Penicillium commune, 2 Aspergillus niger, 2 Aspergillus rugulosa, Aspergillus terricola, Aspergillus ornatus and Aspergillus fumigatus) were isolated, characterized morphologically and by their capacity to degrade tannins. Aspergillus niger Aa-20 was used as control strain. Several concentrations of hydrolysable tannin (tannic acid) were used as sole carbon source. All strains were able to degrade hydrolysable tannins. Aspergillus niger GH1 and PSH showed the highest tannin-degrading capacity (67 and 70%, respectively). Also, the fungal capacity to degrade condensed tannin (catechin) was tested. Aspergillus niger PSH and Penicillium commune EH2 degraded 79.33% and 76.35% of catechin. The results demonstrated the capacity of fungi to use hydrolysable and condensed tannins as carbon source.
10
Ramírez-Coronel, M. Ascención, Gustavo Viniegra-González, Alan Darvill, and Christopher Augur. "A novel tannase from Aspergillus niger with β-glucosidase activity." Microbiology 149, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 2941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26346-0.
Full textAbstract:
An extracellular tannase was produced from solid-state cultures of Aspergillus niger. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the cell-free culture broth by preparative isoelectric focusing and by FPLC using anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis as well as gel localization studies of purified tannase indicated the presence of two enzyme forms, with molecular masses of 90 kDa and 180 kDa. The tannase had an isoelectric point of 3·8, a temperature optimum of 60–70 °C and a pH optimum of 6·0. The substrate specificity of the tannase was determined by HPLC analysis of tannin substrates and products. The enzyme was able to remove gallic acid from both condensed and hydrolysable tannins. Internal sequences were obtained from each of the gel-purified and trypsin-digested tannase forms. The peptide sequences obtained from both forms were identical to sequences within a β-glucosidase from Aspergillus kawachii. The purified tannase was tested for β-glucosidase activity and was shown to hydrolyse cellobiose efficiently. However, no β-glucosidase activity was detected when the enzyme was assayed in the presence of tannic acid.
11
Odenyo, A. A., and P. O. Osuji. "Tannin-tolerant ruminal bacteria from East African ruminants." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-073.
Full textAbstract:
Three strains of tannin-tolerant rumen bacteria were isolated from enrichment cultures of rumen microflora of sheep, goat, and antelope and established in medium containing high concentrations of crude tannin extract or tannic acid. These three strains (EAT2, ES3, and EG19), characterized as Selenomonas species, were curved rods, obligately anaerobic, Gram negative, highly motile, and grew in media containing 50 g of tannin extract/L and 50-70 g of tannic acid/L. Strain EAT2 was able to hydrolyze gallic acid, while strains ES3 and EG19 hydrolyzed tannic acid but not gallic acid. All isolates were able to grow in media containing up to 8 g of condensed tannins/L. Growth was very slow when soluble carbohydrate was not added to the medium.Key words: tannin, rumen, bacteria, tannic acid, gallic acid, Selenomonas.
12
Souza, Carla Giselly de, Severino Gonzaga Neto, Lara Toledo Henriques, Gherman Garcia Leal Araújo, Luciana Thie Seki Dias, and Ana Jaqueline Cavalcante Muniz. "Performance and blood parameters of Holstein/Zebu crossbred heifers fed with two tannins sources." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): e128922150. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i2.2150.
Full textAbstract:
The present research objective was to evaluate the performance and blood parameters of lactating cows fed with a diet of two tannin sources, based on sorghum (condensed tannin) with increasing concentrations of tannic acid (hydrolyzable tannin’s). Increasing levels of tannic acid in a sorghum-based diet for five Holstein/Zebu crossbred lactating cows were subject to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design. To assess the effect on cow intake, digestibility, milk production, and blood parameters. All cows received 9.87 kg/DM of corn silage as roughage and 6.38 kg of concentrate consisting of 2.58 kg/DM of ground sorghum 0.87 kg/DM of cornmeal 1.32 kg/DM of soybean bran 0.44 kg/DM of wheat bran 0.2 kg/ DM of urea and 0.18 kg/ DM of mineral mixture. Diet 1 (control) contained low-tannin sorghum and the other diets contained high-tannin sorghum. The levels of tannic acid added to the diets were established based on the quantity of condensed tannin in high-tannin sorghum. Thus, diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with 1.5g (13.%DM), 79.5g (2.6%DM), 157.5g (3.9%DM) and 235.5g (5.2%DM) of tannic acid, totalling 0.078, 0.156, 0.234 and 0.321 total tannin kg/day respectively, to assess the effect on microbial protein synthesis. The diets contained 35 kg of corn silage (roughage) and 6.40 kg of concentrate. The natural and dry matter intake did not significantly differ between groups, except for ether extract (EE) intake that significantly differed. The DM apparent digestibility, crude protein, EE, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrate, and non-fibrous carbohydrate did not differ (P > 0.05) with the increase in dietary tannin supplementation. The GOT levels increased linearly. The blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol (total, LDL and HDL) levels did not significantly differ. Hemoglobin showed a significant difference. No significant difference in urea, creatinine and uric acid occurred. Diets using two tannins sources supplementation caused no decrease in the dietary intake or digestibility in the animals. The GOT level changed significantly, showing linear behavior, however below the toxicity level, without any change in the other blood parameters. Milk production decreased with the increase in dietary tannin supplementation.
13
Überall, Florian. "Bitterstoffe für einen gesunden Darm." Erfahrungsheilkunde 66, no. 03 (July 2017): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-112333.
Full textAbstract:
ZusammenfassungImmer mehr Menschen sind auf der Suche, nach einem Lebensstil, der sie langfristig gesund halten kann. Bitterstoffe ziehen dabei nur wenige in Betracht, obwohl sie eine ganze Fülle an Wirkmechanismen im Körper entfalten und den Körper vor zahlreichen Funktionsstörungen schützen können. So wirken Polyphenole, Tannine und Terpene in bitteren Pflanzen direkt auf die darmassoziierte Mikroflora ein, verbessern die Verdauung, wirken antioxidativ, leberprotektiv und schützen vor Metainflammationen im Körper. Aufgrund ihrer wichtigen Bedeutung für die Gesundheit sollten Bitterstoffe daher am besten täglich über die Ernährung oder über Nahrungsergänzungsmittel zugeführt werden.
14
Fraga-Corral, Maria, Paula García-Oliveira, Antia G. Pereira, Catarina Lourenço-Lopes, Cecilia Jimenez-Lopez, Miguel Angel Prieto, and Jesus Simal-Gandara. "Technological Application of Tannin-Based Extracts." Molecules 25, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030614.
Full textAbstract:
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds naturally found in vegetables. Their presence in nature has prompted their historical use in many different ways. The revision of their traditional utilization has allowed their further modification aiming for an industrial application. Sometimes these modifications have implied the addition of harmful substances such as formaldehyde, classified as a carcinogen of category B1. In other cases, these natural tannins have been replaced by synthetic compounds that threaten human and animal health and damage the environment. Therefore, currently, both academy and industry are searching for the substitution of these unsafe complexes by the increasing inclusion of tannins, natural molecules that can be obtained from several and diverse renewable resources, modified using harmless additives. To achieve promising results, cost-efficient and eco-friendly extraction methods have been designed. Once these green alternatives have been isolated, they have been successfully applied to many fields with very assorted aims of utilization such as coagulants, adhesives, floatation agents, tannings, dyes, additives, or biomolecules. Therefore, this review offers a global vision of the full process that involves the tannin’s technological application including an overview of the most relevant tannin sources, effective extraction methods, and their utilization in very diverse fields.
15
Okum, J., E. Roffael, and B. Dix. "Eigenschaften von mittelclichten Faserplatten (MDF), hergestellt mit natürlichen Polyphenolen (Tannine, technische Lignine) als Bindemittel." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 56, no. 5 (September 1998): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001070050328.
Full text
16
García Méndez, Martha Gabriela, Thelma Karina Morales Martínez, Juan Alberto Ascacio Valdés, Mónica Lizeth Chávez González, Adriana Carolina Flores Gallegos, and Leonardo Sepúlveda. "Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Fermentation Processes to Obtain Tannases Using Agro-Industrial Wastes." Fermentation 7, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7020048.
Full textAbstract:
Bacteria have been used in the food industry to produce flavors, dyes, thickeners, and to increase food value, because bacterial fermentations favor the obtention of different metabolites such as tannins and different nutritional compounds in food. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was one the first species to be studied for industrial purposes, and its efficacy to obtaining tannins using fermentation processes. Bacterial fermentation helps to obtain a product with an added value of better quality and without the need to use strong solvents that can reduce their quality and safety. To release tannins, it is necessary to subject the substrate to different conditions to activate the enzyme tannin acyl hydrolase (tannase). The tannase-released compounds can have beneficial effects on health such as antioxidant, anticancer and cardioprotective properties, among others. Therefore, this review analyzes tannase release and other metabolites by fermentation processes.
17
Rodríguez-Durán, Luis V., Blanca Valdivia-Urdiales, Juan C. Contreras-Esquivel, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera, and Cristóbal N. Aguilar. "Novel Strategies for Upstream and Downstream Processing of Tannin Acyl Hydrolase." Enzyme Research 2011 (September 19, 2011): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/823619.
Full textAbstract:
Tannin acyl hydrolase also referred as tannase is an enzyme with important applications in several science and technology fields. Due to its hydrolytic and synthetic properties, tannase could be used to reduce the negative effects of tannins in beverages, food, feed, and tannery effluents, for the production of gallic acid from tannin-rich materials, the elucidation of tannin structure, and the synthesis of gallic acid esters in nonaqueous media. However, industrial applications of tannase are still very limited due to its high production cost. Thus, there is a growing interest in the production, recovery, and purification of this enzyme. Recently, there have been published a number of papers on the improvement of upstream and downstream processing of the enzyme. These papers dealt with the search for new tannase producing microorganisms, the application of novel fermentation systems, optimization of culture conditions, the production of the enzyme by recombinant microorganism, and the design of efficient protocols for tannase recovery and purification. The present work reviews the state of the art of basic and biotechnological aspects of tannin acyl hydrolase, focusing on the recent advances in the upstream and downstream processing of the enzyme.
18
Hou, Ming Ming, and Sheng Hua Lv. "Study on Tanning Properties of Modified Tannic Acid with Sulfanilic Acid Using Horseradish Peroxidase." Advanced Materials Research 487 (March 2012): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.487.785.
Full textAbstract:
Tannic acid (TA) was modified by sulfanilic acid (SAA) using HRP catalysis in aqueous phase. The structure of modified TA was characterized by FTIR. The tanning properties of modified TA have been studied by the tanning test together with aluminum and chrome tannages. The tanning results show that the modified TA is suitable for use as pretannage and in combinaton with chrome and aluminum tannage. The shrink temperature (Ts) of leather tanned using 6% modified TA and 2% chrome tannage can reach to 92.0 oC by the modified TA and and chrome tannage by sequential step. The applied leather has merits of good uniformity, fullness, softness and fine grain. With this method, the dosage of chrome tannage is lessened and environment pollution is alleviated.
19
Kruthika, N. Lakshmi, G. Bhaskar Raju, and S. Prabhakar. "Degradation of Tannic Acid Powered by TiO2 Nanoparticles." Materials Science Forum 734 (December 2012): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.734.117.
Full textAbstract:
The wastewater from the coir, pharmaceutical, leather, paper and pulp industries is contaminated with water-soluble poly phenolic compounds (tannins). Among various tannins, tannic acid is a typical hydrolysable tannin prevalent in wastewater. The degradation of tannic acid using TiO2 nanoparticles as photocatalyst was investigated. The effect of catalyst concentration, pH of aqueous suspension and also electron acceptors such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ozone (O3) on the degradation of tannic acid was studied. The degradation of tannic acid was found to be more efficient and complete in the presence of UV/TiO2/O3 compared to UV/TiO2/H2O2. The kinetics of degradation was observed to follow first order rate equation which indicates that the mineralization process is diffusion controlled.
20
Arcuri, Pedro Braga, Michael Larry Thonney, Peter Schofield, and Alice Nelson Pell. "Polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpirrolidone effect on bacterial rRNA extraction and hybridization from cells exposed to tannins." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 38, no. 9 (September 2003): 1073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2003000900008.
Full textAbstract:
In order to detect fluctuations in ruminal microbial populations due to forage tannins using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) probes, recovery of intact rRNA is required. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP) on extraction of bacterial rRNA, in the presence of tannins from tropical legume forages and other sources, that hybridize with oligonucleotide probes. Ruminococcus albus 8 cells were exposed to 8 g/L tannic acid or 1 g/L condensed tannins extracted from Acacia angustissima, banana (Musa sp.) skin, Desmodium ovalifolium, red grape (Vitis vinifera) skin and Inga edulis, or no tannins. Cells were rinsed with Tris buffer pH 7 containing either 8% PEG or 6% PVP prior to cell lysis. Total RNA samples rinsed with either PEG or PVP migrated through denaturing agarose gels. The 16S rRNA bands successfully hybridized with a R. albus species-specific oligonucleotide probe, regardless of tannin source. The effect of rinsing buffers on the density of 16S rRNA bands, as well as on the hybridization signals was compared. There were significant effects (P<0.01) when the controls were compared to either buffer treatments due to tannin type, buffer used and the interaction of tannin type and buffer. The significant interaction indicates the influence of tannin type on the parameters evaluated.
21
Degen, A. A., T. Mishorr, H. P. S. Makkar, M. Kam, R. W. Benjamin, K. Becker, and H. J. Schwartz. "Effect of Acacia saligna with and without administration of polyethylene glycol on dietary intake in desert sheep." Animal Science 67, no. 3 (December 1998): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800032914.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe study was designed to measure (i) dry-matter intake (DMT) of sheep when diets including different tannins were offered and (ii) the effect of administration of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a tannin-binding agent, on DMI of tannin-rich diets. Acacia saligna phyllodes, a potential food for sheep, quebracho powder or tannic acid were added to a concentrate diet that served as a control and were offered to 16 ewe lambs (34·6 (s.d. 3·3) kg) that is, four lambs per diet. A. saligna has high levels of tannins; quebracho is a complex mixture of phenolic compounds in which condensed tannins predominate while tannic acid is a relatively pure example of a hydrolysable tannin. Intake was measured during four periods (I to IV) of 10 days each in which PEG was offered during periods II and IV. Food and water were available ad libitum. The DMI of the concentrate diet ranged between 925 glday and 1050 glday which was higher than for the other three diets (P < 0·05). The lambs consumed approximately 600 g dry matter (DM) of the diet that included 400 g A. saligna phyllodes per kg, and 500 g DM of the diets that included 100 glkg quebracho or 150 glkg tannic acid. With the quebracho and tannic acid diets, there was a distinct increase in intake when PEG was added and a decrease without PEG. This was not so with the Acacia diet when the intake remained high in period III without PEG and increased again in period IV with PEG. Body mass of control lambs increased in all periods and the increase was greater than in the other diets (P < 0·05). With the quebracho and tannic acid diets, there was an increase in body mass when PEG was added and a decrease without PEG. With the Acacia diet, there was a decrease in body mass in period I and an increase thereafter, even without PEG in period III.
22
Al-Nhlaoui, Manal, Adnan Nizam, and Manal Daghestani. "Evaluation of Activity of Tannases Produced by Isolated from Syrian Woody Soils Trichoderma citrinoviride and T. brevicompactum on Tannins Degradation." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 39, no. 2 (June 2021): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-39.2.126134.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted during the period 2019–2020 to identify Trichoderma spp. isolated from woody soils and assessing their efficacy for biodegradation of tannins through tannase enzyme activity produced. Results obtained confirmed the presence of two species; Trichoderma citrinoviride, which was isolated from Maysalon area near Damascus, and characterized by yellowish green colony with dense growth of spores at the center of the colony, and Trichoderma brevicompactum isolated from the Balluran area near Lattakia characterized by yellow colonies with concentric rings. Trichoderma citrinoviride had higher biodegradation activity, measured by degrading different tannins concentrations (2, 4, 6%) collected from Queircus coccifera from Bmelka area in Tartous in liquid medium and led to 85, 87 and 90% degradation, for the three concentrations, respectively, following 12 days incubation. The activity of the produced tannase was measured to be 37.9 units/mg. Whereas, the decomposition rate of the three tannin concentrations by Trichoderma brevicompactum reached 67, 80 , 89%, respectively, again after 12 days of incubation, with enzyme activity measured to be 35.2 units/mg. Keywords: Trichoderma, tannins, tannase, biodegradation, enzyme activit
23
Frutos, P., G. Hervás, F. J. Giráldez, and A. R. Mantecón. "An in vitro study on the ability of polyethylene glycol to inhibit the effect of quebracho tannins and tannic acid on rumen fermentation in sheep, goats, cows, and deer." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 11 (2004): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04058.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Batch cultures of rumen microorganisms, using rumen fluids from 4 ruminant species, sheep, goats, cows, and deer, were used to study the ability of polyethylene-glycol (PEG 6000) to inhibit the effect of 2 types of tannins, quebracho (QUE, a condensed tannin) and tannic acid (TA, a hydrolysable tannin) on several in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Both QUE and TA were able to impair ruminal fermentation (they reduced gas production, extent of degradation, ammonia-N, and volatile fatty acid concentrations, etc.; P < 0.05), with differences depending on the inoculum donor. The clearest effect of tannins was the reduction of the rates of fermentation, which was observed in all species (P < 0.05). The detrimental effects of tannins were removed by the presence of PEG in most cases, but there were important variations and noticeable exceptions. Thus, for instance, PEG failed to revert the negative effect of TA on the rate of fermentation and the extent of degradation (P < 0.05). The extent of the limited ability of PEG to completely inhibit the negative effects of tannins on in vitro ruminal fermentation seems to depend both on the type of tannin and the species of the rumen inoculum donor.
24
Jiménez, Natalia, María Esteban-Torres, José Miguel Mancheño, Blanca de las Rivas, and Rosario Muñoz. "Tannin Degradation by a Novel Tannase Enzyme Present in Some Lactobacillus plantarum Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 10 (March 7, 2014): 2991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00324-14.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTLactobacillus plantarumis frequently isolated from the fermentation of plant material where tannins are abundant.L. plantarumstrains possess tannase activity to degrade plant tannins. AnL. plantarumtannase (TanBLp, formerly called TanLp1) was previously identified and biochemically characterized. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a novel tannase (TanALp). While all 29L. plantarumstrains analyzed in the study possess thetanBLpgene, the genetanALpwas present in only four strains. Upon methyl gallate exposure, the expression oftanBLpwas induced, whereastanALpexpression was not affected. TanALpshowed only 27% sequence identity to TanBLp, but the residues involved in tannase activity are conserved. Optimum activity for TanALpwas observed at 30°C and pH 6 in the presence of Ca2+ions. TanALpwas able to hydrolyze gallate and protocatechuate esters with a short aliphatic alcohol substituent. Moreover, TanALpwas able to fully hydrolyze complex gallotannins, such as tannic acid. The presence of the extracellular TanALptannase in someL. plantarumstrains provides them an advantage for the initial degradation of complex tannins present in plant environments.
25
Yang, Tao, Mengqi Dong, Juqing Cui, Lu Gan, and Shuguang Han. "Exploring the formaldehyde reactivity of tannins with different molecular weight distributions: bayberry tannins and larch tannins." Holzforschung 74, no. 7 (July 28, 2020): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0050.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn recent years, tannin degradation has been used to obtain tannin materials with an optimal molecular weight distribution (MWD) for synthesizing tannin-formaldehyde (TF) resin with high performance, but the optimal MWD of tannins is still unknown. The excellent formaldehyde reactivity of tannins is the basis for the synthesis of high-performance TF resin. Based on the formaldehyde reactivity of tannins, bayberry tannins and larch tannins were used to explore the optimal MWD of tannins for TF resin synthesis. Progressive solvent precipitation (PSP) was used to obtain tannin fractions with different MWDs. The formaldehyde reactivity of tannins was determined using the modified Stiansy method combined with the standard curve method (GB/T 17657-2013). The bayberry tannin fraction [weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of acetylated tannin: 4115, mean degree of polymerization (mDP): 6.64] and the larch tannin fraction (Mw of acetylated tannin: 3906, mDP: 5.84) had the best formaldehyde reactivity. Furthermore, significant differences in the formaldehyde reactivity of condensed tannins (CTs) with different MWDs were observed. The obtained results can be used to purposefully degrade tannins to achieve an optimal MWD, which is beneficial for the production of TF adhesives with high performance.
26
Ethiraj, Sumathi, and Janarthanam Balasundaram. "Phytochemical and Biological Activity of Cucurbita Seed Extract." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 6, no. 1 (August 13, 2016): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v6i1.4821.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was performed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenol, tannin content, antioxidant and antibacterial activity from seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita maxima (Tindivanam). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of active ingredients such as steroids, cardioglycosides, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins in the seed extract of Cucurbita pepo followed by Cucurbita maxima. Gallic acid (GA), Tannic acid (TA) and Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) were taken as standard in case of total phenol, tannin and antioxidant activity respectively. Total phenol and tannin content were quantitatively estimated which recorded maximum in Cucurbita pepo (8.37±0.2 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/g and 20.47 ± 0.37 mg Tannic Acid Equivalents (TAE)/g). The seed extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activities by DPPH (1, 1– Diphenyl -2- picryl - hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. Among the two species with different solvents used, maximum antioxidant activity was found in the acetone seed extract (84.27±0.19%) of Cucurbita pepo followed by Cucurbita maxima (67.83 ± 0.37%). Different concentrations of acetone seed extracts were tested for the anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli using the agar disc diffusion technique. The acetone seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo had superior level of antimicrobial activity. The powerful antibacterial effect is attributed to the greater amount of tannins compound in the acetone seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo.
27
Balasundaram, Janarthanam, Dhamotharan R, and Anbkkarasi M. "STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, TANNINS CONTENT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FROM LEAF AND CALLUS EXTRACTS OF MEMECYLON UMBELLATUM." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.15198.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This study aims to determine the phytochemical screening, tannins content, and antibacterial activity from leaf and callus extracts of Memecylon umbellatum.Methods: Preliminary screening involved the qualitative methods to detect the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, quinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids. Total tannins contents were quantitatively estimated with tannic acid as standard. Different concentrations of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts were tested using the agar disc diffusion technique for the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical analysis of leaf and callus extract of M. umbellatum revealed the presence of significant secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, quinones, cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The total tannins content in callus and leaf extract were found to be 11.37 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g and 7.1 mg TAE/g, respectively. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts of M. umbellatum shown more active against B. subtilis. Both the callus and leaf extract of M. umbellatum was found to be inactiveagainst E. coli.Conclusion: It was concluded that the powerful antibacterial effect is attributed to the greater amount of tannin compounds in the ethanolic callus extracts of M. umbellatum.Keywords: Memecylon umbellatum, Callus extract, Tannins, Phytochemical analysis, Disc diffusion, Antibacterial activity.
28
Costa, Antonio, Nazareth Fonseca, Sheyla Carvalho, Fernanda Santos, Luana Barki, Denise Freitas, Marcelo Herbst, and Márcia Lutterbach. "Archaeometric investigations on naturally and thermally-aged iron-gall inks using different tannin sources." Open Chemistry 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 1729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0303-7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper investigates the behavior of paper strips containing iron-gall inks prepared with tannins from different sources, subjected to natural and thermally-induced aging. Results indicate that inks containing initial concentrations of ferrous sulphate ranging from 0.2 to 10.0 g are amenable to treatment with calcium phytate, and thata good correlation exists between the recovery of excess iron and the initial concentration. Infrared spectra showed an absorption band at 1,750 cm−1, typical of esther, solely in the samples prepared with a condensed tannin. The condensed nature of this tannin produced a different oxidation pattern, with iron removal inferior to those observed from inks produced with hydrolisable tannins. When tannic acid was used ferrous iron removals ranged from 0.050 to 1.800 g, decreasing to 0.5 g in the presence of copper; the same behavior was observed for the remaining hydrolisable tannins, with a lower recovery from the condensed tannin. The adopted natural aging procedure released a higher amount of ferrous iron compared to ASTM thermal aging. This was probably due to the marked effect of humidity, not considered in the thermal procedure. A series of archaeometric possibilities were used to help elucidate the degradation of cellulose strips impregnated with iron-gall inks.
29
Handayani, Tien Wahyu, Yulistien Yusuf, and Joni Tandi. "Analisis Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis." KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia 6, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2020.v6.i3.15324.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the content and total levels of secondary metabolites of ethanol extract of moringa seed (Moringa oleifera Lam.). Extraction of moringa seed using the maceration method to obtain a filtrate. The filtrate obtained was concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain a concentrated extract. The extract was tested qualitatively for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins using a suitable reagent with the test parameters. The quantitative test was using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Alkaloids using test parameters equivalent total alkaloid quinine, flavonoids use parameter test equivalent of the total flavonoids quercetin, saponin using test parameters from Quillaja total saponins and tannins quantitative bark using test parameters total tannin tannic acid equivalent. The result showed that moringa seed positive for alkaloids characterized by orange deposition, flavonoids are characterized by the formation of the yellow color orange, saponin their stable foam, and tannins are marked in black. Quantitative test results alkaloids of 916,87 µg/g, flavonoids of 0.255%, saponin of 6.367%, and tannin of 3,724.5 µg/g.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera Lam., secondary metabolites, spectrophotometry
30
Flores-Maltos, Abril, Luis V. Rodríguez-Durán, Jacqueline Renovato, Juan C. Contreras, Raúl Rodríguez, and Cristóbal N. Aguilar. "Catalytical Properties of Free and Immobilized Aspergillus niger Tannase." Enzyme Research 2011 (September 12, 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/768183.
Full textAbstract:
A fungal tannase was produced, recovered, and immobilized by entrapment in calcium alginate beads. Catalytical properties of the immobilized enzyme were compared with those of the free one. Tannase was produced intracellularly by the xerophilic fungus Aspergillus niger GH1 in a submerged fermentation system. Enzyme was recovered by cell disruption and the crude extract was partially purified. The catalytical properties of free and immobilized tannase were evaluated using tannic acid and methyl gallate as substrates. KM and Vmax values for free enzyme were very similar for both substrates. But, after immobilization, KM and Vmax values increased drastically using tannic acid as substrate. These results indicated that immobilized tannase is a better biocatalyst than free enzyme for applications on liquid systems with high tannin content, such as bioremediation of tannery or olive-mill wastewater.
31
Makkar, H. P. S., and K. Becker. "Adaptation of cattle to tannins: rôle of proline-rich proteins in oak-fed cattle." Animal Science 67, no. 2 (October 1998): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800010031.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSaliva and faecal samples were collected from hill cattle (no. = 10) given tannin-rich oak (Quercus incana) leaves in the north-west Himalayan region of India. Amino acid composition of the saliva samples after thawing to remove precipitated proteins by centrifugation, and dialysis (molecular weight cut off: 3500) to remove small moieties revealed 6·4 (s.d. 0·6) % proline, 15·6 (s.d. 0·6) % glutamine plus glutamate and 9·2 (s.d. 1·0) % glycine on molar basis. For Holstein Friesian cattle (no. = 4) which had no history of consumption of tannin-containing foods, these values were 6·5 (s.d. 0·4) %, 15·2 (s.d. 0·5) % and 9·8 (s.d. 0·7) % respectively. Proline concentration in the proteins present either as free or as tannin-protein complexes in the lyophilized faecal samples from hill cattle was 4·7 (s.d. 0·2) % (on molar basis) of the total amino acids and 5·3 (s.d. 0·2) % in Holstein Friesian cattle. In the faeces of oak-fed cattle, the tannin and condensed tannin levels on dry-weight basis were 0·81 (s.d. 0·20) % as tannin acid equivalent and 0·06 (s.d. 0·04) % as leucocyanidin equivalent respectively. For tannic acid, the relative affinity of salivary proteins, using the competitive binding assay, was about six-times higher than that of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and was of the same order as that of gelatin. Turbidity of complexes formed between salivary proteins or BSA and tannic acid showed proportionately about 0·50 lower turbidity for salivary proteins in 0-2 mol/I acetate buffer (pH 4·9 containing 0·17 mol/l NaCl) and proportionately about 0·84 lower turbidity in distilled water. The results suggest that unlike rats or mice, the proline-rich proteins do not appear to be of any physiological significance in the adaptation of cattle to tannins. However, the salivary proteins of cattle though not rich in proline, have a high affinity for tannins and these proteins have a high tendency to form soluble tannin-protein complexes.
32
Santos, José Danrley Cavalcante dos, Edilson Paes Saraiva, Severino Gonzaga Neto, Carla Aparecida Soares Saraiva, Antônio da Costa Pinheiro, Vinícius de França Carvalho Fonsêca, Severino Guilherme Caetano Gonçalves dos Santos, et al. "Feeding Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cattle Fed Sorghum-Based Diets and Increasing Levels of Tannic Acid." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020172.
Full textAbstract:
Tannins have been used to trigger positive effects on ruminal metabolism and increase ruminant production efficiency, since they increase the supply of dietary protein in the small intestine. Increasing levels of tannic acid in a sorghum-based diet on the feeding behavior of five Holstein/Zebu crossbred lactating dairy cows was evaluated. They were subjected to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design, with fivelevels of tannin as dry matter (DM) in the diet (0.46, 1.30, 2.60, 3.90, and 5.20%). The levels of the tannic acid added were established based on the quantity of condensed tannin in high-tannin sorghum. Thus, diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with 1.5 g (13% DM), 79.5 g (2.6% DM), 157.5 g (3.9% DM), and 235.5 g (5.2% DM) of tannic acid, totaling 0.078, 0.156, 0.234, and 0.321 kg of tannin/day, respectively. Feeding behavior variables included the following states and events: feeding, drinking, rumination, and inactivity; the frequency of visiting the feed and water troughs; and the occurrence of urination and defecation. Water was provided ad libitum, and its intake was measured during periods of behavioral data collection. The use of two tannin sources (hydrolysable and condensed) corresponding to the total level of 5.20% (on a DM basis) in the diet of lactating dairy cattle does not affect the animals’ health. Tannic acid can be included in the diet of lactating dairy cattle at a level of 3.93% (on a DM basis) without inducing variation in the total time spent daily on feed intake. Dairy cows dilute the effects of dietary tannin (5.20%) through greater fragmentation of food consumption in the hours following its supply (180 min). The astringent effects caused by tannin intake in lactating dairy cows are mitigated by increasing the daily water intake as the amount of tannin in the diet increases, starting at a level of 3.90% tannin (on a DM basis).
33
Pan, Jie, Ni-Na Wang, Xue-Jing Yin, Xiao-Ling Liang, and Zhi-Peng Wang. "Characterization of a Robust and pH-Stable Tannase from Mangrove-Derived Yeast Rhodosporidium diobovatum Q95." Marine Drugs 18, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18110546.
Full textAbstract:
Tannase plays a crucial role in many fields, such as the pharmaceutical industry, beverage processing, and brewing. Although many tannases derived from bacteria and fungi have been thoroughly studied, those with good pH stabilities are still less reported. In this work, a mangrove-derived yeast strain Rhodosporidium diobovatum Q95, capable of efficiently degrading tannin, was screened to induce tannase, which exhibited an activity of up to 26.4 U/mL after 48 h cultivation in the presence of 15 g/L tannic acid. The tannase coding gene TANRD was cloned and expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica. The activity of recombinant tannase (named TanRd) was as high as 27.3 U/mL. TanRd was purified by chromatography and analysed by SDS-PAGE, showing a molecular weight of 75.1 kDa. The specific activity of TanRd towards tannic acid was 676.4 U/mg. Its highest activity was obtained at 40 °C, with more than 70% of the activity observed at 25–60 °C. Furthermore, it possessed at least 60% of the activity in a broad pH range of 2.5–6.5. Notably, TanRd was excellently stable at a pH range from 3.0 to 8.0; over 65% of its maximum activity remained after incubation. Besides, the broad substrate specificity of TanRd to esters of gallic acid has attracted wide attention. In view of the above, tannase resources were developed from mangrove-derived yeasts for the first time in this study. This tannase can become a promising material in tannin biodegradation and gallic acid production.
34
Tambi, Lorenzo, Piero Frediani, Marco Frediani, Luca Rosi, and Mara Camaiti. "Hide tanning with modified natural tannins." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 108, no. 3 (2008): 1797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.27688.
Full text
35
Ibrahim, Amel, Sameh Awad, and Mahmoud El-Sayed. "Impact of pomegranate peel as prebiotic in bio-yoghurt." British Food Journal 122, no. 9 (May 20, 2020): 2911–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2019-0296.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe effect of pomegranate whole and inside peels before and after extraction of the tannic acid have been carried out in stimulated media and in gastrointestinal conditionsDesign/methodology/approachAdding pomegranate peels with and without tannins at different levels to bio-stirred yoghurt to study its effect as prebiotic, in addition to evaluating the effect on physiochemical, sensorial and rheological propertiesFindingsThe results reveal that pomegranate peels before and after removing tannins had no effect on the viability of a single strain of Lb. acidophilus in stimulated media, while the growth of mixed probiotic culture (Lb.acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) was enhanced when pomegranate peels (whole and inside part) free from tannins were used. Tannin-free pomegranate peels enhanced the viability of probiotic culture under gastrointestinal conditions. In this study, all probiotic cultures were maintained counts around log 8 cfu /g in stirred bio-yoghurt supplements with pomegranate peels after 21days. Bio-yoghurt supplemented with pomegranate peels at 0.5% gained high scores for overall acceptability.Originality/valuePomegranate has been recognized as a good source of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Some researchers have utilized pomegranate peel in fermented milk, but most of the studies have found that tannins inhibit the bacterial culture. This study recommended that the supplementation of low-fat bio-yoghurt with tannin-free pomegranate peels enhanced the texture properties, viscosity of the product, as well as the viability of probiotic culture during shelf life. Therefore, the tannin-free pomegranate peel could be used as a prebiotic in functional fermented dairy products.
36
Klenotičová, Helena, Iva Smýkalová, Lenka Švábová, and Miroslav Griga. "Resolving browning during the establishment of explant cultures in Vicia faba L. for genetic transformation." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 5 (2013): 1279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361051279.
Full textAbstract:
Optimisation ofin vitroregeneration systems of two explant types for low-tannine cultivars of faba bean based on culturing of shoot apices and cotyledonary nodes were provided by usage of various antioxidants - ascorbic acid, citric acid, glutathione and activated charcoal. In subsequent testing, the combined effects of antioxidants with transformation co-cultivation compounds acetosyringone and L-cysteine was studied. The application of antioxidants lead to decreased callogenesis, citric acids treatments (50 mg.l−1) dramatically decreased necrotic response of explants. However, citric acid, used together with ascorbic acid completely inhibited shoot growth in shoot apex cultures. Glutathion evoked hyperhydricity of explants. Activated charcoal induced rooting on media which are commonly used for shoot proliferation. Combination of acetosyringone with antioxidants influenced shoot proliferation, except of variant with ascorbic acid. Citric acid was the best and universal antioxidant in faba beanin vitrocultures and its use is recommended for faba bean genetic transformation experiments.
37
Hagerman, Ann E., and Charles T. Robbins. "Specificity of tannin-binding salivary proteins relative to diet selection by mammals." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-085.
Full textAbstract:
The tannin-binding specificity of salivary proteins in several mammals was investigated as a possible explanation for observed food habits. Moose (Alces alces) and beaver (Castor canadensis) produce salivary proteins that only bind the linear condensed tannins common in their preferred foods, such as willow, aspen, or birch. The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), which has a more generalized diet, produces salivary proteins that bind linear and branched-chain condensed tannins and gallotannins, but not an ellagitannin. The omnivorous black bear (Ursus americanus) produces salivary proteins that bind all types of tannins. In feeding trials beaver and mule deer were fed tannins that were not bound by salivary tannin-binding proteins in the in vitro assays. The results confirmed that these tannins reduce digestibility more than tannins that are bound by salivary proteins. Thus, salivary tannin-binding proteins are not always generalized scavengers of dietary tannins, but can be very specific for the types of tannins that are consumed in the preferred diet. The diversity of tannin chemistry and the specificity of salivary tannin-binding proteins must be considered in optimal foraging studies and in cost-benefit models of herbivore diet selection.
38
Sallam, Ibrahim E., Amr Abdelwareth, Heba Attia, Ramy K. Aziz, Masun Nabhan Homsi, Martin von Bergen, and Mohamed A. Farag. "Effect of Gut Microbiota Biotransformation on Dietary Tannins and Human Health Implications." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050965.
Full textAbstract:
Tannins represent a heterogeneous group of high-molecular-weight polyphenols that are ubiquitous among plant families, especially in cereals, as well as in many fruits and vegetables. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins, in addition to phlorotannins from marine algae, are the main classes of these bioactive compounds. Despite their low bioavailability, tannins have many beneficial pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Microbiota-mediated hydrolysis of tannins produces highly bioaccessible metabolites, which have been extensively studied and account for most of the health effects attributed to tannins. This review article summarises the effect of the human microbiota on the metabolism of different tannin groups and the expected health benefits that may be induced by such mutual interactions. Microbial metabolism of tannins yields highly bioaccessible microbial metabolites that account for most of the systemic effects of tannins. This article also uses explainable artificial intelligence to define the molecular signatures of gut-biotransformed tannin metabolites that are correlated with chemical and biological activity. An understanding of microbiota–tannin interactions, tannin metabolism-related phenotypes (metabotypes) and chemical tannin-metabolites motifs is of great importance for harnessing the biological effects of tannins for drug discovery and other health benefits.
39
Smith, Alexandra H., and Roderick I. Mackie. "Effect of Condensed Tannins on Bacterial Diversity and Metabolic Activity in the Rat Gastrointestinal Tract." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 2 (February 2004): 1104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.2.1104-1115.2004.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The effect of dietary condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) on rat fecal bacterial populations was ascertained in order to determine whether the proportion on tannin-resistant bacteria increased and if there was a change in the predominant bacterial populations. After 3 weeks of tannin diets the proportion of tannin-resistant bacteria increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 0.3% ± 5.5% to 25.3% ± 8.3% with a 0.7% tannin diet and to 47.2% ± 5.1% with a 2% tannin diet. The proportion of tannin-resistant bacteria returned to preexposure levels in the absence of dietary tannins. A shift in bacterial populations was confirmed by molecular fingerprinting of fecal bacterial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Posttreatment samples were generally still distinguishable from controls after 3.5 weeks. Sequence analysis of DGGE bands and characterization of tannin-resistant isolates indicated that tannins selected for Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides species. Dot blot quantification confirmed that these gram-negative bacterial groups predominated in the presence of dietary tannins and that there was a corresponding decrease in the gram-positive Clostridium leptum group and other groups. Metabolic fingerprint patterns revealed that functional activities of culturable fecal bacteria were affected by the presence of tannins. Condensed tannins of Acacia angustissima altered fecal bacterial populations in the rat gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a shift in the predominant bacteria towards tannin-resistant gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides species.
40
Braghiroli, Amaral-Labat, Boss, Lacoste, and Pizzi. "Tannin Gels and Their Carbon Derivatives: A Review." Biomolecules 9, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9100587.
Full textAbstract:
Tannins are one of the most natural, non-toxic, and highly reactive aromatic biomolecules classified as polyphenols. The reactive phenolic compounds present in their chemical structure can be an alternative precursor for the preparation of several polymeric materials for applications in distinct industries: adhesives and coatings, leather tanning, wood protection, wine manufacture, animal feed industries, and recently also in the production of new porous materials (i.e., foams and gels). Among these new polymeric materials synthesized with tannins, organic and carbon gels have shown remarkable textural and physicochemical properties. Thus, this review presents and discusses the available studies on organic and carbon gels produced from tannin feedstock and how their properties are related to the different operating conditions, hence causing their cross-linking reaction mechanisms. Moreover, the steps during tannin gels preparation, such as the gelation and curing processes (under normal or hydrothermal conditions), solvent extraction, and gel drying approaches (i.e., supercritical, subcritical, and freeze-drying) as well as the methods available for their carbonization (i.e., pyrolysis and activation) are presented and discussed. Findings from organic and carbon tannin gels features demonstrate that their physicochemical and textural properties can vary greatly depending on the synthesis parameters, drying conditions, and carbonization methods. Research is still ongoing on the improvement of tannin gels synthesis and properties, but the review evaluates the application of these highly porous materials in multidisciplinary areas of science and engineering, including thermal insulation, contaminant sorption in drinking water and wastewater, and electrochemistry. Finally, the substitution of phenolic materials (i.e., phenol and resorcinol) by tannin in the production of gels could be beneficial to both the bioeconomy and the environment due to its low-cost, bio-based, non-toxic, and non-carcinogenic characteristics.
41
Bueno, I. C. S., S. L. S. Cabral Filho, E. F. Nozella, M. R. S. R. Peçanha, A. P. Minho, D. M. S. S. Vitti, A. L. Abdalla, and H. Louvandini. "Bioassay for measuring tannin effects based on gas production technique. 2. Dosage of polyethylene glycol." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200011273.
Full textAbstract:
Tannins are secondary compounds that can bind protein and other nutrients and reduce their availability to the animals. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has a great affinity with tannins and when it is added to the feed it is bound to tannins and releases the protein and other nutrients. There is no information about the amount of PEG that is needed to obtain the maximum precipitation of tannin and the minimum tannin effect. Some assays are conduced using doses of PEG according to the tannin content, but the activity of tannins can vary and this imply that the tannin analysis has to be done prior. The aim of this work was to evaluate doses of polyethylene glycol to minimize the effect of tannins on rumen fermentation.
42
Sasongko, Wahidin Teguh, Lies Mira Yusiati, Zaenal Bachruddin, and Mugiono (Mugiono). "Optimalisasi Pengikatan Tanin Daun Nangka dengan Protein Bovine Serum Albumin (Optimalisation Binding of Jackfruit Leaves Tannin with Bovine Serum Albumin Protein)." Buletin Peternakan 34, no. 3 (February 21, 2012): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v34i3.84.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Tannins are high molecular weight polyphenol compounds with ability to bind proteins. Based on the structure,<br />albumin are simple globular molecule protein. Optimalisation binding of jackfruit leave tannins to bovine serum (BSA)<br />albumin was done in two stages. The first stage was to determine levels of tannins and condensed tannins in jackfruit leaves grown in mediterranean soil types. Second research was optimalisation binding of jackfruit leaf tannins with<br />bovine serum albumin. In the second stage there was the determination of protein-percipitable phenolics compound and protein content using Lowry method. The data showed total phenol content was 10.63%, total tannin was 7.08%, and<br />condensed tannins 5.57%. The optimum capacity phenolic compound to bind protein of bovine serum albumin was 5.71+0.18 mg BSA/100 mg dry matter of jackfruit leaf, while 1 g tannin could bind 23.149 g BSA or 1 g condensed<br />tannin could bind 28.885 g BSA.</p><p><br />(Key words: Tannin, Total phenol, Total tannin, Condensed tannin, Bovine serum albumin)<br /><br /></p>
43
Štumpf, Sara, Gregor Hostnik, Mateja Primožič, Maja Leitgeb, and Urban Bren. "Generation Times of E. coli Prolong with Increasing Tannin Concentration while the Lag Phase Extends Exponentially." Plants 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121680.
Full textAbstract:
The current study examines the effect of tannins and tannin extracts on the lag phase duration, growth rate, and generation time of Escherichia coli. Effects of castalagin, vescalagin, gallic acid, Colistizer, tannic acid as well as chestnut, mimosa, and quebracho extracts were determined on E. coli’s growth phases using the broth microdilution method and obtained by turbidimetric measurements. E. coli responds to the stress caused by the investigated antimicrobial agents with reduced growth rates, longer generation times, and extended lag phases. Prolongation of the lag phase was relatively small at low tannin concentrations, while it became more pronounced at concentrations above half the MIC. Moreover, for the first time, it was observed that lag time extensions follow a strict exponential relationship with increasing tannin concentrations. This feature is very likely a direct consequence of the tannin complexation of certain essential ions from the growth medium, making them unavailable to E. coli for its growth.
44
McSweeney, Christopher S., Brian Palmer, Rowan Bunch, and Denis O. Krause. "Isolation and Characterization of Proteolytic Ruminal Bacteria from Sheep and Goats Fed the Tannin-Containing Shrub Legume Calliandra calothyrsus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 3075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.7.3075-3083.1999.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Tannins in forages complex with protein and reduce the availability of nitrogen to ruminants. Ruminal bacteria that ferment protein or peptides in the presence of tannins may benefit digestion of these diets. Bacteria from the rumina of sheep and goats fed Calliandra calothyrsus (3.6% N and 6% condensed tannin) were isolated on proteinaceous agar medium overlaid with either condensed (calliandra tannin) or hydrolyzable (tannic acid) tannin. Fifteen genotypes were identified, based on 16S ribosomal DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and all were proteolytic and fermented peptides to ammonia. Ten of the isolates grew to high optical density (OD) on carbohydrates (glucose, cellobiose, xylose, xylan, starch, and maltose), while the other isolates did not utilize or had low growth on these substrates. In pure culture, representative isolates were unable to ferment protein that was present in calliandra or had been complexed with tannin. One isolate, Lp1284, had high protease activity (80 U), a high specific growth rate (0.28), and a high rate of ammonia production (734 nmol/min/ml/OD unit) on Casamino Acids and Trypticase Peptone. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence showed that Lp1284 was related (97.6%) to Clostridium botulinum NCTC 7273. Purified plant protein and casein also supported growth of Lp1284 and were fermented to ammonia. This is the first report of a proteolytic, ammonia-hyperproducing bacterium from the rumen. In conclusion, a diverse group of proteolytic and peptidolytic bacteria were present in the rumen, but the isolates could not digest protein that was complexed with condensed tannin.
45
Pagano, Giovanni, Giuseppe Castello, Marialuisa Gallo, Ilaria Borriello, and Marco Guida. "Complex Mixture-Associated Hormesis and Toxicity: The Case of Leather Tanning Industry." Dose-Response 6, no. 4 (September 22, 2008): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.08-013.pagano.
Full textAbstract:
A series of studies investigated the toxicities of tannery-derived complex mixtures, i.e. vegetable tannin (VT) from Acacia sp. or phenol-based synthetic tannin (ST), and wastewater from tannin-based vs. chromium-based tanneries. Toxicity was evaluated by multiple bioassays including developmental defects and loss of fertilization rate in sea urchin embryos and sperm ( Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis), and algal growth inhibition ( Dunaliella tertiolecta and Selenastrum capricornutum). Both VT and ST water extracts resulted in hormetic effects at concentrations ranging 0.1 to 0.3%, and toxicity at levels ≥1%, both in sea urchin embryo and sperm, and in algal growth bioassays. When comparing tannin-based tannery wastewater (TTW) vs. chromium-based tannery effluent (CTE), a hormesis to toxicity trend was observed for TTW both in terms of developmental and fertilization toxicity in sea urchins, and in algal growth inhibition, with hormetic effects at 0.1 to 0.2% TTW, and toxicity at TTW levels ≥1%. Unlike TTW, CTE showed a monotonic toxicity increase from the lowest tested level (0.1%) and CTE toxicity at higher levels was significantly more severe than TTW-induced toxicity. The results support the view that leather production utilizing tannins might be regarded as a more environmentally friendly procedure than chromium-based tanning process.
46
Halvorson, Jonathan J., Javier M. Gonzalez, and Ann E. Hagerman. "Changes in Soluble-N in Forest and Pasture Soils after Repeated Applications of Tannins and Related Phenolic Compounds." International Journal of Agronomy 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/163054.
Full textAbstract:
Tannins (produced by plants) can reduce the solubility of soil-N. However, comparisons of tannins to related non-tannins on different land uses are limited. We extracted soluble-N from forest and pasture soils (0–5 cm) with repeated applications of water (Control) or solutions containing procyanidin from sorghum, catechin, tannic acid, β-1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG), gallic acid, or methyl gallate (10 mg g−1soil). After eight treatments, samples were rinsed with cool water (23°C) and incubated in hot water (16 hrs, 80°C). After each step, the quantity of soluble-N and extraction efficiency compared to the Control was determined. Tannins produced the greatest reductions of soluble-N with stronger effects on pasture soil. Little soluble-N was extracted with cool water but hot water released large amounts in patterns influenced by the previous treatments. The results of this study indicate hydrolyzable tannins like PGG reduce the solubility of labile soil-N more than condensed tannins like sorghum procyanidin (SOR) and suggest tannin effects will vary with land management. Because they rapidly reduce solubility of soil-N and can also affect soil microorganisms, tannins may have a role in managing nitrogen availability and retention in agricultural soils.
47
Verly Lopes, Dercilio Junior, H. Michael Barnes, and Gabrielly dos Santos Bobadilha. "Influence of Heat Treatment and Tannin Impregnation on Boron Depletion and Wood Durability." Forests 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020201.
Full textAbstract:
Heat treatment (HT) of a mixture of tannins and inorganic boron compounds showed effective results against wood decay organisms. Boron compounds play a critical role in the preservation of wood against wood decay organisms. The use of tannins and HT represents a relatively new environmentally friendly approach to the wood preservation industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tannin impregnation and HT on boron depletion, and termite and fungi resistance. Southern yellow pine (SYP) and yellow-poplar (YP) cube samples were used for this study. A mixture of condensed tannins from the Quebracho tree and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) was injected into the specimens using a vacuum/pressure cycle, and the specimens were then heat-treated under N2 atmosphere for four hours at 190 °C to investigate both the tannin’s fixative ability to reduce boron leaching and the performance of the mixture against brown and white-rot fungi and termites. Tannins restricted boron leaching in 46% and 34% for SYP and YP, respectively, and also significantly increased the resistance against white-rot fungi for YP. Tannins and HT showed unpredictably good performance against termites. Tannins may be acting to denature proteins; in that case, fungal enzymes would be inhibited. This study revealed the importance of HT on a mixture of boron and tannins to decrease boron leaching and increase the durability of preservative systems.
48
BHATTA, R., O. ENISHI, Y. YABUMOTO, I. NONAKA, N. TAKUSARI, K. HIGUCHI, K. TAJIMA, A. TAKENAKA, and M. KURIHARA. "Methane reduction and energy partitioning in goats fed two concentrations of tannin from Mimosa spp." Journal of Agricultural Science 151, no. 1 (April 12, 2012): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859612000299.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYDietary manipulation is one promising approach to reducing methane (CH4) emissions from forage-fed ruminants. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding two concentrations of tannins from Mimosa spp. on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and energy partitioning in goats. Adult male goats were used in three trials where three diets with increasing concentrations of tannins (control, low-tannin and high-tannin) were fed in a switch-over design. The control diet consisted of 0·65 timothy hay, 0·20 crushed maize and 0·15 soybean meal; low- and high-tannin diets contained 0·975 and 0·950 of the control diet, respectively, mixed with 0·025 and 0·050 of a commercial compound containing tannins with mean crude protein (CP) of 147 g/kg dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) 19 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Total contents (DM basis) of tannins (hydrolysable and condensed) in the control, low- and high-tannin diets were 0, 2·8 and 5·6 g/kg DM, respectively. The tannin source contained 37 and 76 g/kg DM of condensed and hydrolysable tannins, respectively (DM basis). The DM (664 g/d) and GE intakes (19·0 MJ/d) were similar among diet groups. Digestibilities of all dietary components in the high-tannin diet were lower (P < 0·05) than low-tannin and control diets. The faecal energy (MJ/d) output was lowest in the control diet (3·49) and increased (P < 0·05) in tannin-fed goats (3·80; 4·87) resulting in a corresponding decrease in digestible energy (DE). Methane emission, expressed both on absolute and per unit of feed intake basis, decreased (P < 0·05) with increasing concentration of tannins in the diet. For example, CH4 energy excretion was 0·98, 0·87 and 0·76 MJ/d for goats on control, low- and high-tannin diets, respectively, whereas their corresponding values for CH4 conversion ratio were 0·079, 0·069 and 0·060 of GE intake. These results suggest that natural tannins, even at a low concentration (2·8 g/kg DM of the diet), reduce CH4 emissions, and tree leaves containing appreciable amounts of tannins may potentially be exploited as natural feed additives in ruminants.
49
Watrelot, Aude A. "Tannin Content in Vitis Species Red Wines Quantified Using Three Analytical Methods." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 4923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164923.
Full textAbstract:
Tannin content in red wines is positively correlated with astringency perception and wine grade; however, tannin quantification is one of the main challenges. In this study, tannin content was quantified using three analytical methods in commercial red wines from Vitis vinifera and interspecific cold-hardy hybrids including Marquette, Frontenac, and Petite pearl cultivars. Protein (PP) and methylcellulose precipitation (MCP) methods were compared to a HPLC-DAD method, which is based on the interaction between tannins and a hydrophobic surface (RPC). Frontenac wines were the poorest in tannins and Cabernet sauvignon wines were the richest regardless of the method used. In cold-hardy red wines, the tannin content was higher in Marquette with high alcohol content, which suggested that the tannins were extracted from seeds rather than skins. The high limit of quantification of the PP method and the presence of anthocyanin di-glucosides in cold-hardy wines were parameters suggesting that protein and methylcellulose precipitation methods were neither suitable nor reliable for the quantification of tannins in cold-hardy red wines. The tannin content quantified by RPC was positively correlated to tannin quantified by MCP, suggesting that the RPC method would be relevant for the quantification of tannins in red wines.
50
Smith, Alexandra H., James A. Imlay, and Roderick I. Mackie. "Increasing the Oxidative Stress Response Allows Escherichia coli To Overcome Inhibitory Effects of Condensed Tannins." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 2003): 3406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3406-3411.2003.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Tannins are plant-derived polyphenols with antimicrobial effects. The mechanism of tannin toxicity towards Escherichia coli was determined by using an extract from Acacia mearnsii (Black wattle) as a source of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins). E. coli growth was inhibited by tannins only when tannins were exposed to oxygen. Tannins auto-oxidize, and substantial hydrogen peroxide was generated when they were added to aerobic media. The addition of exogenous catalase permitted growth in tannin medium. E. coli mutants that lacked HPI, the major catalase, were especially sensitive to tannins, while oxyR mutants that constitutively overexpress antioxidant enzymes were resistant. A tannin-resistant mutant was isolated in which a promoter-region point mutation increased the level of HPI by 10-fold. Our results indicate that wattle condensed tannins are toxic to E. coli in aerobic medium primarily because they generate H2O2. The oxidative stress response helps E. coli strains to overcome their inhibitory effect.