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Journal articles on the topic 'Tanoak'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Reeser, P. W., W. Sutton, and E. M. Hansen. "Phytophthora Species Causing Tanoak Stem Cankers in Southwestern Oregon." Plant Disease 92, no. 8 (2008): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-8-1252b.

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Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) is a principal host of Phytophthora ramorum, cause of sudden oak death (SOD), in the western United States (1). In the course of SOD surveys in southwestern Oregon, other Phytophthora species were encountered to be causing stem cankers on tanoak that were indistinguishable from those caused by P. ramorum. In Oregon, SOD is subject to quarantine and eradication. Aerial surveys are flown two or more times a year to locate symptomatic tanoaks, which are then examined from the ground to determine the cause of death. Isolations on selective media were attempted from

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2

Filipe, João A. N., Richard C. Cobb, Maëlle Salmon, and Christopher A. Gilligan. "Management Strategies for Conservation of Tanoak in California Forests Threatened by Sudden Oak Death: A Disease-Community Feedback Modelling Approach." Forests 10, no. 12 (2019): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121103.

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We use a new modelling approach to predict the cumulative impact of Phytophthora ramorum on the dynamic distribution of tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) and other tree species in coastal-Californian forest-communities. We explore the effectiveness of disease-management strategies for the conservation of tanoak at stand level. Forest resources are increasingly threatened by emerging pathogens such as P. ramorum, a generalist that kills hosts and has altered ecosystems in the USA and Europe. In coastal California, P. ramorum has the greatest impact on tanoak through leaf sporulation and let

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3

Ramage, Benjamin S., Kevin L. O’Hara, and Alison B. Forrestel. "Forest transformation resulting from an exotic pathogen: regeneration and tanoak mortality in coast redwood stands affected by sudden oak death." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 4 (2011): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-020.

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Sudden oak death is dramatically altering forests throughout coastal California, but little is known about the communities that are assembling in affected areas. This emerging disease, caused by the exotic pathogen Phytophthora ramorum (S. Werres, A.W.A.M. de Cock), has had especially severe effects on tanoak ( Notholithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Manos, Cannon & S.H. Oh), a broadleaf evergreen that is abundant in forests dominated by coast redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens (D.Don) Endl.). Tanoak, a valuable food source to numerous wildlife species, is unlikely to successfully rege

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4

Namm, Brandon H., and John-Pascal Berrill. "How do tree- and stand-level factors influence belowground biomass and carbon storage in tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus)?" Forestry Chronicle 96, no. 01 (2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2020-007.

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Tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) is the most common hardwood in northern California forests, yet its capacity for belowground carbon storage is unknown. To study relationships between coarse roots and tree and stand variables, we destructively sampled twelve tanoak root systems in Humboldt County, California. To estimate belowground biomass, we summed measured biomass of the root ball and a subsample of lateral roots along with predicted biomass of unmeasured coarse roots. Tree size was the best linear predictor of belowground biomass and carbon, indicating that a 25-cm diameter tanoak, f

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5

Davidson, J. M., H. A. Patterson, and D. M. Rizzo. "Sources of Inoculum for Phytophthora ramorum in a Redwood Forest." Phytopathology® 98, no. 8 (2008): 860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-8-0860.

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Sources of inoculum were investigated for dominant hosts of Phytophthora ramorum in a redwood forest. Infected trunks, twigs, and/or leaves of bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), and redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) were tested in the laboratory for sporangia production. Sporangia occurred on all plant tissues with the highest percentage on bay laurel leaves and tanoak twigs. To further compare these two species, field measurements of inoculum production and infection were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2003-04 and 2004-05. Inoculum levels in throughfa

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6

Ahrens, Glenn R., and Michael Newton. "Root dynamics in sprouting tanoak forests of southwestern Oregon." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 7 (2008): 1855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-022.

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Root and shoot biomass were measured across an 8 year chronosequence in mature and regenerating stands of tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.), following cutting and burning in mature tanoak forests. Tanoak stump sprouts rapidly replaced leaf biomass but did not maintain preexisting root systems. Rather, root biomass declined for several years, with the largest proportional decline in extra-fine roots. Four years after harvest, live root biomasses in diameter classes 0.25–2.00 and 0.25–5.00 mm were 25% and 30% of values in mature tanoak forests, respectively. The proporti

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7

Wright, Jessica W., and Richard S. Dodd. "Could Tanoak Mortality Affect Insect Biodiversity? Evidence For Insect Pollination in Tanoaks." Madroño 60, no. 2 (2013): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-60.2.87.

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8

Harrington, Timothy B. "Growth Responses of Tanoak Sprout Clumps to Thinning." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 4 (1994): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/9.4.101.

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Abstract At two sites in southwestern Oregon, stands of tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) were thinned in the second year after sprouting (1983) to create relative covers of 25, 50, or 100% of that for unthinned stands. At one site, relative covers were replicated with and without suppression of understory vegetation. Height, crown width and dominant-stem diameter were measured annually on each of 135 sprout clumps of tanoak from 1983-1988. Reductions in relative cover caused a proportionate increase in mean relative growth rate (RGR) of tanoak; however, the effect of understory suppression was

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9

Waring, Kristen M., and Kevin L. O’Hara. "Redwood/tanoak stand development and response to tanoak mortality caused by Phytophthora ramorum." Forest Ecology and Management 255, no. 7 (2008): 2650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.025.

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10

Shamoun, Simon Francis, and Marianne Elliott. "Comparative Efficacy of Chondrosterum purpureum and Chemical Herbicides for Control of Resprouts in Tanoak and Bay Laurel." Pathogens 11, no. 5 (2022): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11050485.

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The invasive Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora ramorum has killed millions of susceptible oak and tanoak trees in California and southern Oregon forests and is responsible for losses in revenue to the nursery industry through mitigation activities. In addition, infestation of forests in the United Kingdom by this organism has resulted in the destruction of many hectares of larch plantations. Resprouting stumps can be a reservoir for the inoculum of P. ramorum persisting on a site. In areas where the application of herbicides is not permitted, a biocontrol treatment would be an indispensable alter

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11

Frankel, Susan J. "Tanoak: History, Ecology and Values." Madroño 60, no. 2 (2013): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-60.2.63.

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12

Krieger, Raven M., Brian E. Wall, Cody W. Kidd, and John-Pascal Berrill. "Chronosequence of Fuel Loading and Fuel Depth Following Forest Rehabilitation Frill Treatment of Tanoak to Release Douglas-Fir: A Case Study from Northern California." Forests 11, no. 6 (2020): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060691.

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There is concern that forest management activities such as chemical thinning may increase hazardous fuel loading and therefore increase risk of stand-replacing wildfire. Chemical thinning, often accomplished by frill treatment of unwanted trees, leaves trees standing dead for a time before they fall and become surface fuels. In coastal northern California, frill treatment is used as a forest rehabilitation treatment that removes tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) to release merchantable conifers from excessive competition. We studied fuel bed depth and fuel loading after frill treatment of

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13

Kasuga, Takao, Katherine J. Hayden, Catherine A. Eyre, et al. "Innate Resistance and Phosphite Treatment Affect Both the Pathogen’s and Host’s Transcriptomes in the Tanoak-Phytophthora ramorum Pathosystem." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 3 (2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030198.

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Phosphites have been used to control Sudden Oak Death; however, their precise mode of action is not fully understood. To study the mechanism of action of phosphites, we conducted an inoculation experiment on two open-pollinated tanoak families, previously found to be partially resistant. Stems of treatment group individuals were sprayed with phosphite, and seven days later, distal leaves were inoculated with the Sudden Oak Death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Leaves from treated and untreated control plants were harvested before and seven days after inoculation, and transcriptomes of both host

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14

DiTomaso, Joseph M., Guy B. Kyser, and Edward A. Fredrickson. "Control of Black Oak and Tanoak in the Sierra Cascade Range." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 4 (2004): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.4.268.

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Abstract Broadcast, directed, and stem injection herbicide techniques were applied to 3- to 8-year-old black oak (Quercus kelloggii) and 3-year-old tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) clumps (directed applications only). Broadcast applications of imazapyr at all rates to black oak and directed applications of imazapyr to tanoak performed better with the addition of an adjuvant compared to treatments without the adjuvant. However, even with an adjuvant, broadcast treatments of imazapyr at or below 560 g acid equivalent (ae/ha) only suppressed black oak growth and did not provide long-term control.

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15

Harrington, Timothy B., and John C. Tappeiner. "Long-term effects of tanoak competition on Douglas-fir stand development." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 4 (2009): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-004.

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In 1- to 2-year-old Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) plantations near Cave Junction and Glendale, Oregon, sprout clumps of tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.) and other hardwoods were removed with herbicides in April 1983 to leave relative covers of 0%, 25%, 50%, or 100% of the nontreated cover, which averaged 15%. In 1996 (Cave Junction) and 1998 (Glendale), precommercial thinning (PCT) of Douglas-fir and cutting of nonconifer woody species were operationally applied across the four densities of tanoak. In 2005, Douglas-fir in 0% relativ

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16

Nielsen, Bonnie, and Janice Alexander. "Foods from the Tanoak Forest Ecosystem." Madroño 60, no. 2 (2013): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-60.2.126.

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17

Tapppeiner II, John C., Robert J. Pabst, and Michael Cloughesy. "Stem Treatments to Control Tanoak Sprouting." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 2, no. 2 (1987): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/2.2.41.

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Abstract Applying 2,4-D, triclopyr, and picloram + 2,4-D to cut surfaces of tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) on southwest Oregon sites in November or February increased mortality and reduced total sprout length and clump area relative to May or August applications. Injecting the same herbicides into stem frills caused 80 to 99% mean crown dieback for November, February, and May applications, but only 47% for August applications. Spraying triclopyr diluted with diesel oil to 1 5 or 3.0% on stem bases caused 64% mean crown dieback for August applications but only 28% averaged over the other thre

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18

Sutton, W., E. M. Hansen, P. W. Reeser, and A. Kanaskie. "Stream Monitoring for Detection of Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon Tanoak Forests." Plant Disease 93, no. 11 (2009): 1182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-11-1182.

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Stream monitoring using leaf baits for early detection of Phytophthora ramorum has been an important part of the Oregon Sudden Oak Death (SOD) program since 2002. Sixty-four streams in and near the Oregon quarantine area in the southwest corner of the state were monitored in 2008. Leaves of rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum) and tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) were placed in mesh bags, and bags were floated in streams. Leaf baits were exchanged every 2 weeks throughout the year. Leaves were assayed by isolation on selective medium and by multiplex rDNA internal transcribed spacer polyme

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19

Hansen, E. M., A. Kanaskie, S. Prospero, et al. "Epidemiology of Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon tanoak forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 5 (2008): 1133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-217.

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We followed the local intensification and dispersal of Phytophthora ramorum Werres, De Cock, & Man In’t Veld in Oregon tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook & Arn.) Rehd.) forests from its initial detection in 2001 through 2006, coincident with a continuing eradication effort. The initial infested area included nine scattered sites below 400 m elevation, close to the Pacific Ocean near Brookings, Oregon. In subsequent years, one-half of new infections were within 122 m of a previous infection, and 79% of the newly detected trees occurred within 300 m of a previously identified tree. D

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20

Bowcutt, Frederica. "Tanoak Landscapes: Tending a Native American Nut Tree." Madroño 60, no. 2 (2013): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-60.2.64.

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21

Bergemann, S. E., and M. Garbelotto. "High diversity of fungi recovered from the roots of mature tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) in northern California." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 9 (2006): 1380–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-097.

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We collected mature tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehder) roots from five stands to characterize the relative abundance and taxonomic richness of root-associated fungi. Fungi were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning, and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rDNA. A total of 382 cloned PCR inserts were successfully sequenced and then classified into 119 taxa. Of these taxa, 82 were basidiomycetes, 33 were ascomycetes, and 4 were zygomycetes. Thirty-one of the ascomycete sequences were identified as Cenococcum geophilum Fr. with over

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22

Wilkinson, William H., Philip M. McDonald, and Penelope Morgan. "Tanoak Sprout Development After Cutting and Burning in a Shade Environment." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 1 (1997): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/12.1.21.

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Abstract Mean height and number of sprouts from tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) stumps treated by repeated burning (propane weed burner) and by double decapitation (cutting twice within 24 hr) were compared to sprouts from untreated stumps in a shaded environment on the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation in northern California. Much is known about tanoak sprout growth in full sunlight, but little is known about its development in shade. Four years after burning or cutting, sprouts from stumps treated by burning were significantly (P < 0.001) more numerous and shorter than sprouts in the doubl

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23

Kamvar, Z. N., M. M. Larsen, A. M. Kanaskie, E. M. Hansen, and N. J. Grünwald. "Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Populations of the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen in Oregon Forests." Phytopathology® 105, no. 7 (2015): 982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-12-14-0350-fi.

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Sudden oak death caused by the oomycete Phytophthora ramorum was first discovered in California toward the end of the 20th century and subsequently emerged on tanoak forests in Oregon before its first detection in 2001 by aerial surveys. The Oregon Department of Forestry has since monitored the epidemic and sampled symptomatic tanoak trees from 2001 to the present. Populations sampled over this period were genotyped using microsatellites and studied to infer the population genetic history. To date, only the NA1 clonal lineage is established in this region, although three lineages exist on the

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24

MORRIS, VERONICA R. F., and RICHARD S. DODD. "Characterization of microsatellite markers for the tanoak tree, Lithocarpus densiflorus." Molecular Ecology Notes 6, no. 3 (2006): 706–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01317.x.

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25

Pillsbury, Norman H., Philip M. McDonald, and Victor Simon. "Reliability of Tanoak Volume Equations when applied to different areas." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 10, no. 2 (1995): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/10.2.72.

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Abstract Tree volume equations for tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) were developed for seven stands throughout its natural range and compared by a volume prediction and a parameter difference method. The objective was to test if volume estimates from a species growing in a local, relatively uniform habitat could be applied more widely. Results indicated that they could not. Diameter slope coefficients and intercepts differed at the 5% probability level. Tree height slope coefficients did not differ, but when all slope coefficients (dbh and height) were combined, a significant difference was pr

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26

Fichtner, E. J., S. C. Lynch, and D. M. Rizzo. "Survival, Dispersal, and Potential Soil-Mediated Suppression of Phytophthora ramorum in a California Redwood-Tanoak Forest." Phytopathology® 99, no. 5 (2009): 608–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-5-0608.

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Because the role of soil inoculum of Phytophthora ramorum in the sudden oak death disease cycle is not well understood, this work addresses survival, chlamydospore production, pathogen suppression, and splash dispersal of the pathogen in infested forest soils. Colonized rhododendron and bay laurel leaf disks were placed in mesh sachets before transfer to the field in January 2005 and 2006. Sachets were placed under tanoak, bay laurel, and redwood at three vertical locations: leaf litter surface, litter–soil interface, and below the soil surface. Sachets were retrieved after 4, 8, 20, and 49 we

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27

Fichtner, E. J., S. C. Lynch, and D. M. Rizzo. "Detection, Distribution, Sporulation, and Survival of Phytophthora ramorum in a California Redwood-Tanoak Forest Soil." Phytopathology® 97, no. 10 (2007): 1366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-10-1366.

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Recovery of Phytophthora ramorum from soils throughout sudden oak death-affected regions of California illustrates that soil may serve as an inoculum reservoir, but the role of soil inoculum in the disease cycle is unknown. This study addresses the efficacy of soil baiting, seasonal pathogen distribution under several epidemiologically important host species, summer survival and chlamydospore production in soil, and the impact of soil drying on pathogen survival. The efficacy of rhododendron leaves and pears as baits for detection of soilborne propagules were compared. Natural inoculum associa

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28

Harrington, Timothy B., John C. Tappeiner, and Ralph Warbington. "Predicting Crown Sizes and Diameter Distributions of Tanoak, Pacific Madrone, and Giant Chinkapin Sprout Clumps." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 7, no. 4 (1992): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/7.4.103.

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Abstract Crown size and stem diameters were measured on a total of 908 sprout clumps of tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii), and giant chinkapin (Castanopsis chrysophylla). The clumps, age 1 to 16 years, were located at 23 sites in southwestern Oregon and 20 sites in northwestern California. Regression equations were developed for predicting individual-clump crown size and stem-diameter distributions of dominant sprouts from the total basal area (dm² at 1.37 m) in stems of the parent tree (PBA) and number of growing seasons since burning (AGE). Variables of PB

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29

Søndreli, Kelsey L., Alan Kanaskie, Susanna Keriö, and Jared M. LeBoldus. "Variation in Susceptibility of Tanoak to the NA1 and EU1 Lineages of Phytophthora ramorum, the Cause of Sudden Oak Death." Plant Disease 103, no. 12 (2019): 3154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-19-0831-re.

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Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death (SOD), kills tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) trees in southwestern Oregon and California. Two lineages of P. ramorum are now found in wildland forests of Oregon (NA1 and EU1). In addition to the management of SOD in forest ecosystems, disease resistance could be used as a way to mitigate the impact of P. ramorum. The objectives of this study were to (i) characterize the variability in resistance of N. densiflorus among families using lesion length; (ii) determine whether lineage, isolate, family, or their interactions significantly affe

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30

Berrill, John-Pascal, and Robert Howe. "Multiaged redwood responds well to partial harvest and herbicide treatments." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 11 (2019): 1425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0142.

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Chemical control of unwanted trees can be a cost-efficient tool for forest management and restoration. In California, United States, the response of merchantable conifers to hardwood control is poorly understood. We studied the tree growth of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.) following herbicide frill treatment of competing tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Manos, C.H. Cannon, & S. Oh), coinciding with a partial harvest of conifers. The radial growth of 420 redwoods in 45 plots was measured using increment cores. With or without partial harv

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31

Minore, Don. "Effects of madrone, chinkapin, and tanoak sprouts on light intensity, soil moisture, and soil temperature." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 3 (1986): 654–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-113.

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Light, moisture, and temperature measurements beneath sprout clumps were compared with similar measurements outside the clumps on eight clear-cuttings in southwestern Oregon. Light intensity was higher beneath madrone than beneath tanoak or chinkapin. Soil moisture was higher beneath the clumps and soil temperature was lower than outside them during the cool moist summer of 1983. Soil temperature remained lower beneath the clumps during the warm dry summer of 1985, but moisture conditions were similar beneath and outside the clumps after the prolonged 1985 drought.

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32

Dodd, R. S., W. Mayer, A. Nettel, and Z. Afzal-Rafii. "Clonal Growth and Fine-Scale Genetic Structure in Tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus: Fagaceae)." Journal of Heredity 104, no. 1 (2012): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/ess080.

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33

McDonald, Philip M., Jianwei Zhang, Randy S. Senock, and Jessica W. Wright. "Morphology, Physiology, Genetics, Enigmas, and Status of an Extremely Rare Tree: Mutant Tanoak." Madroño 60, no. 2 (2013): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-60.2.107.

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34

Shelly, John R., and Stephen L. Quarles. "The Past, Present, and Future ofNotholithocarpus densiflorus(Tanoak) as a Forest Products Resource." Madroño 60, no. 2 (2013): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-60.2.118.

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35

Loomis, Erik. "The Tanoak Tree: An Environmental History of a Pacific Coast Hardwood.By Frederica Bowcutt." Environmental History 21, no. 4 (2016): 752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emw043.

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36

Peterson, Ebba, Everett Hansen, and Alan Kanaskie. "Spatial relationship between Phytophthora ramorum and roads or streams in Oregon tanoak forests." Forest Ecology and Management 312 (January 2014): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.002.

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37

Xiao, Zhishu, and Zhibin Zhang. "Nut predation and dispersal of Harland Tanoak Lithocarpus harlandii by scatter-hoarding rodents." Acta Oecologica 29, no. 2 (2006): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2005.10.004.

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38

Parke, J. L., E. Oh, S. Voelker, E. M. Hansen, G. Buckles, and B. Lachenbruch. "Phytophthora ramorum Colonizes Tanoak Xylem and Is Associated with Reduced Stem Water Transport." Phytopathology® 97, no. 12 (2007): 1558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-12-1558.

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Isolation, detection with diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microscopy demonstrated the presence of Phytophthora ramorum in the sapwood of mature, naturally infected tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) trees. The pathogen was strongly associated with discolored sapwood (P < 0.001), and was recovered or detected from 83% of discolored sapwood tissue samples. Hyphae were abundant in the xylem vessels, ray parenchyma, and fiber tracheids. Chlamydospores were observed in the vessels. Studies of log inoculation indicated that P. ramorum readily colonized sapwood from inoculum placed i

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39

Cobb, Richard C., João A. N. Filipe, Ross K. Meentemeyer, Christopher A. Gilligan, and David M. Rizzo. "Ecosystem transformation by emerging infectious disease: loss of large tanoak from California forests." Journal of Ecology 100, no. 3 (2012): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01960.x.

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40

Hayden, Katherine J., Matteo Garbelotto, Brian J. Knaus, Richard C. Cronn, Hardeep Rai, and Jessica W. Wright. "Dual RNA-seq of the plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum and its tanoak host." Tree Genetics & Genomes 10, no. 3 (2014): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0698-0.

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41

Massicotte, H. B., R. Molina, L. E. Tackaberry, J. E. Smith, and M. P. Amaranthus. "Diversity and host specificity of ectomycorrhizal fungi retrieved from three adjacent forest sites by five host species." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 8 (1999): 1053–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-115.

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Seedlings of Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. (grand fir), Lithocarpus densiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. (tanoak), Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. (ponderosa pine), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir), and Arbutus menziesii Pursh (madrone) were planted in mixture and monoculture in soil collected from three adjacent forest sites in southwestern Oregon (a clearcut area, a 25-year-old Douglas-fir plantation, and a mature 90- to 160-year-old Douglas-fir - pine forest) to determine the effect of host tree diversity on retrieval of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes. In this greenhouse bioas

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Bowcutt, F. "Tanoak Target: The Rise and Fall of Herbicide Use on a Common Native Tree." Environmental History 16, no. 2 (2011): 197–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emr032.

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Karp, Michael. "The Tanoak Tree: An Environmental History of a Pacific Coast Hardwood. By Frederica Bowcutt." Western Historical Quarterly 47, no. 2 (2016): 222.2–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whw034.

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Varner, J. Morgan, Howard G. Kuljian, and Jesse K. Kreye. "Fires without tanoak: the effects of a non-native disease on future community flammability." Biological Invasions 19, no. 8 (2017): 2307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1443-z.

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Canaday, Christopher L. "COMPARISON OF INSECT FAUNA CAPTURED IN SIX DIFFERENT TRAP TYPES IN A DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST." Canadian Entomologist 119, no. 12 (1987): 1101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1191101-12.

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AbstractInsects were sampled in a Douglas-fir forest in California to evaluate differences among inexpensive survey methods. Sampling was done with sweep nets and with window, sticky, light, suspended cone, and two kinds of yellow pan traps. Also examined were effects of trap location in the given tree and the following tree species: Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco), canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.), tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus Rehd.), Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii Pursh.), and big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh.). Relative abundance and faunistic similarity

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Hansen, Everett, Paul Reeser, Wendy Sutton, Alan Kanaskie, Sarah Navarro, and Ellen M. Goheen. "Efficacy of local eradication treatments against the sudden oak death epidemic in Oregon tanoak forests." Forest Pathology 49, no. 4 (2019): e12530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12530.

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Collins, Bradley R., Jennifer L. Parke, Barb Lachenbruch, and Everett M. Hansen. "The effects of Phytophthora ramorum infection on hydraulic conductivity and tylosis formation in tanoak sapwood." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 9 (2009): 1766–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-097.

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Tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. and Arn.) Rehder) is highly susceptible to sudden oak death, a disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora ramorum Werres, De Cock & Man in’t Veld. Symptoms include a dying crown, bleeding cankers, and, eventually, death of infected trees. The cause of mortality is not well understood, but recent research indicates that water transport is reduced in infected trees. One possible mechanism causing the reduction in hydraulic conductivity is the presence of tyloses in xylem vessels. The development of tyloses was studied in relation to hydraulic conducti

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Goheen, E. M., E. M. Hansen, A. Kanaskie, M. G. McWilliams, N. Osterbauer, and W. Sutton. "Sudden Oak Death Caused by Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon." Plant Disease 86, no. 4 (2002): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.4.441c.

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Sudden oak death, caused by Phytophthora ramorum (1,2), has been found for the first time in Oregon, killing tanoak, Lithocarpus densiflorus, trees. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease outside of the San Francisco to Monterey area in California, (300 km to the south). Nine areas of infestation, all within a 24-km2 area, were discovered on forest lands near Brookings, in southwest Oregon. Mortality centers ranged in size from 0.2 to 4.5 ha and included 5 to approximately 40 diseased trees. P. ramorum was isolated from stem cankers using Phytophthora-selective medium. Isola

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Tappeiner, John. "The Tanoak Tree by Frederica BowcuttThe Tanoak Treeby Frederica Bowcutt Reviewed by John C. Tappeiner, II ISBN 978-0-295-99464-2. University of Washington Press, Seattle, London, 2015. pp. 219 hardcover USD $35.00." Northwest Science 90, no. 3 (2016): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3955/046.090.0315.

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Cappellazzi, Jed, and Jeffrey J. Morrell. "Potential for Using Borates to Mitigate the Risk of Phytophthora ramorum Spread on Douglas-Fir Logs." Forest Products Journal 68, no. 1 (2018): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-17-00037.

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Abstract Phytophthora ramorum is an increasingly important tree pathogen in northern California and southern Oregon. While it has the greatest effect on tanoak, it can infect a wide range of tree species, including Douglas-fir. Oregon has instituted a quarantine area to slow the spread of this pathogen, and there are concerns that further restrictions may be imposed on log movement, including those of Douglas-fir. The potential for using boron as a log treatment to limit P. ramorum was evaluated. While boron either alone or in a glycol solution was capable of moving into the bark, there was no

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