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Journal articles on the topic 'Tanqua Karoo'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Schmiedel, Ute, and Ladislav Mucina. "Vegetation of quartz fields in the Little Karoo, Tanqua Karoo and eastern Overberg (Western Cape Province, South Africa)." Phytocoenologia 36, no. 1 (March 20, 2006): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2006/0036-0001.

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2

Van Zyl, L. "Two new species of Zygophyllum (Zygophyllaceae) from the Western Cape, South Africa." Bothalia 27, no. 2 (October 8, 1997): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v27i2.668.

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Two new species of Zygophyllum L. from the Western Cape are described, namely, Z. fuscatum Van Zyl from the coastline between Betty’s Bay and De Hoop Nature Reserve and Z botulifolium Van Zyl from the Tanqua Karoo.

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3

Martínez-Azorín, Mario, and Manuel B. Crespo. "Ethesia tanquana (Ornithogaloideae, Hyacinthaceae), a new species from the Tanqua Karoo (South Africa), with notes on E. haalenbergensis." Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 69, no. 2 (December 30, 2012): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2311.

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4

ALAO, A. O., and D. MIKES. "SUBSIDENCE ANALYSIS OF THE PERMIAN TANQUA DEPOCENTRE, SOUTHWESTERN KAROO BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA." South African Journal of Geology 114, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2011): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.114.3-4.325.

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5

van der Merwe, H., and M. W. van Rooyen. "Species–area relationships in the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld, Succulent Karoo, South Africa." Biodiversity and Conservation 20, no. 6 (March 15, 2011): 1183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0022-3.

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6

Wickens, H. de V., and D. I. Cole. "Lithostratigraphy of the Skoorsteenberg Formation (Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 120, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/gssajg.120.3.433.

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Abstract The Middle Permian Skoorsteenberg Formation is part of the Ecca Group (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa. It is also known as the ‘Tanqua fan complex’ due to its origin as a deep-water sedimentation unit associated with a prograding deltaic system. The Skoorsteenberg Formation crops out over approximately 650 km2 along the western margin of the Main Karoo Basin. It thins out in a northerly and easterly direction and therefore has a limited extent with cut-off boundaries to the south and north. It is underlain by the Tierberg Formation and overlain by the Kookfontein Formation, the latter being limited to the regional distribution of the Skoorsteenberg Formation. The Skoorsteenberg Formation has a composite thickness of 400 m and comprises five individual sandstone packages, separated by shale units of similar thickness. The sandstones are very fine- to fine-grained, light greyish to bluish grey when fresh, poorly sorted and lack primary porosity and permeability. The Tanqua fan complex is regarded as one of the world’s best examples of an ancient basin floor to slope fan complex associated with a fluvially dominated deltaic system. It has served as analogue for many deep-water systems around the world and continues to be a most sought after “open-air laboratory” for studying the nature of fine-grained, deep-water sedimentation. The fan systems are essentially tectonically undeformed, outstandingly well exposed and contain an inexhaustible amount of information on the deep-water architecture of lower slope to basin floor turbidite deposits.

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7

van der Werff, W., and S. Johnson. "High resolution stratigraphic analysis of a turbidite system, Tanqua Karoo Basin, South Africa." Marine and Petroleum Geology 20, no. 1 (January 2003): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-8172(03)00025-4.

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8

Gomis-Cartesio, Luz E., Miquel Poyatos-Moré, David M. Hodgson, and Stephen S. Flint. "Shelf-margin clinothem progradation, degradation and readjustment: Tanqua depocentre, Karoo Basin (South Africa)." Sedimentology 65, no. 3 (October 23, 2017): 809–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sed.12406.

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9

Hodgson, D. M., S. S. Flint, D. Hodgetts, N. J. Drinkwater, E. P. Johannessen, and S. M. Luthi. "Stratigraphic Evolution of Fine-Grained Submarine Fan Systems, Tanqua Depocenter, Karoo Basin, South Africa." Journal of Sedimentary Research 76, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2006.03.

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10

van Jaarsveld, Ernst J. "Cotyledon tanquana, a New Species from the Tanqua Karoo Region, Western Cape, South Africa." Haseltonia 2019, no. 26 (February 26, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0101.

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Andersson, P. O. D., R. H. Worden, D. M. Hodgson, and S. Flint. "Provenance evolution and chemostratigraphy of a Palaeozoic submarine fan-complex: Tanqua Karoo Basin, South Africa." Marine and Petroleum Geology 21, no. 5 (May 2004): 555–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.01.004.

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12

Johnson, Stephen David, Stephen Flint, David Hinds, and H. De Ville Wickens. "Anatomy, geometry and sequence stratigraphy of basin floor to slope turbidite systems, Tanqua Karoo, South Africa." Sedimentology 48, no. 5 (October 21, 2001): 987–1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00405.x.

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13

Wild, Richard J., David M. Hodgson, and Stephen S. Flint. "Architecture and stratigraphic evolution of multiple, vertically-stacked slope channel complexes, Tanqua depocentre, Karoo Basin, South Africa." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 244, no. 1 (2005): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2005.244.01.06.

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14

van der Werff, Wytze, and Stephen D. Johnson. "Deep-sea fan pinch-out geometries and their relationship to fan architecture, Tanqua Karoo basin (South Africa)." International Journal of Earth Sciences 92, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 728–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-003-0352-9.

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15

SONIBARE, W. A., D. MIKES, and D. I. COLE. "FACIES ARCHITECTURE OF KOOKFONTEIN SHELF EDGE DELTA, TANQUA-KAROO BASIN (SOUTH AFRICA): IMPLICATIONS FOR FACIES ANALYSIS AND MODELLING." South African Journal of Geology 114, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2011): 299–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.114.3-4.299.

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16

Hodgson, David M. "Distribution and origin of hybrid beds in sand-rich submarine fans of the Tanqua depocentre, Karoo Basin, South Africa." Marine and Petroleum Geology 26, no. 10 (December 2009): 1940–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.02.011.

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17

Steiner, K. E. "Two new species of Nemesia (Scrophulariaceae) from arid areas of the Northern Cape, South Africa." Bothalia 39, no. 1 (August 11, 2009): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v39i1.230.

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Two new annual species of Nemesia Vent, are described from southern Africa. Nemesia suaveolens is characterized by magenta and yellow flowers. It differs from the closely related N. euryceras by having a lower lip that is yellow rather than white with pale violet margins, an upper lip with a conspicuous yellow rectangular patch just above the corolla opening, a spur that is ± equal to the length of the lower lip, not half the length, and a hypochile that is yellow rather than dark violet.This new species is known only from the arid Tanqua Karoo east of the Cedarberg Mountains. N. aurantia is characterized by orange saccate flowers with a brown and orange bearded palate. It is closest to N. versicolor, but differs from that species by its orange corolla, the absence of a spur, and its bearded palate with brown and orange trichomes. It is known from a single locality adjacent to the Swart Doting River in Namaqualand between Nuwerus and Garies.

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18

Luthi, Stefan M., David M. Hodgson, Cees R. Geel, Stephen S. Flint, Jan Willem Goedbloed, Nicholas J. Drinkwater, and Erik P. Johannessen. "Contribution of research borehole data to modelling fine-grained turbidite reservoir analogues, Permian Tanqua–Karoo basin-floor fans (South Africa)." Petroleum Geoscience 12, no. 2 (May 2006): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1354-079305-693.

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19

Hodgetts, D., N. J. Drinkwater, J. Hodgson, J. Kavanagh, S. S. Flint, K. J. Keogh, and J. A. Howell. "Three-dimensional geological models from outcrop data using digital data collection techniques: an example from the Tanqua Karoo depocentre, South Africa." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 239, no. 1 (2004): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2004.239.01.05.

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20

Andersson, P. O. D., and R. H. Worden. "Stratigraphic variations in mudstone mineral assemblages from a submarine fan-complex: Karoo Basin, South Africa." Clay Minerals 41, no. 4 (December 2006): 839–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855064140223.

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AbstractDespite the high-grade diagenesis experienced by the Skoorsteenberg Formation mudstones, Tanqua Karoo basin, South Africa, geochemical data have been interpreted to reveal primary mineralogy and so help understand provenance evolution. The geochemical signatures show systematic variations related to stratigraphy. The main changes in mudstones from the lower to the upper part of the section include: (1) an increase in the feldspar content of the primary sediment and a decrease in the content of Al-rich clay (probably dioctahedral smectite); (2) a decrease in the degree of chemical weathering of the sediment, representing a change to a dryer and/or cooler climate; (3) an increase in TiO2/Al2O3 representing increasing mafic sources; (4) an increase in CaO/(K2O+CaO) also possibly representing increasing mafic sources. Mass flux and differential diagenesis are unlikely to be responsible for the depth-related changes since the rocks have undergone the same degree of high-grade diagenesis and the mudstones are interrupted by other lithologies, so disturbing any sort of diffusion gradient. These variations could plausibly be the result of one or more of differential weathering, evolving provenance characteristics or variable hydrodynamic fractionation of the sediment. The ratio of Zr/Y, a possible indicator of hydrodynamic fractionation, increases only slightly and irregularly up-section. There is no relationship between the silica content, representative of the quartz-silt content of the sediment, and TiO2/Al2O3 showing that the amount of quartz, and so the degree of hydrodynamic fractionation, has not controlled mudstone geochemistry. The stratigraphic increase in feldspar content, the decrease in Al-rich clay content and increase of both TiO2/Al2O3 and CaO/(K2O+CaO) must be due to a combination of marginally evolving provenance characteristics (more mafic and felsic rocks exposed to weathering with time) and changes in the degree of rock weathering (less chemical weathering with time).

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21

Bertotti, G., N. Hardebol, J. K. Taal-van Koppen, and S. M. Luthi. "Toward a quantitative definition of mechanical units: New techniques and results from an outcropping deep-water turbidite succession (Tanqua-Karoo Basin, South Africa)." AAPG Bulletin 91, no. 8 (August 2007): 1085–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/03060706074.

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22

Fildani, A., N. J. Drinkwater, A. Weislogel, T. McHargue, D. M. Hodgson, and S. S. Flint. "Age Controls on the Tanqua and Laingsburg Deep-Water Systems: New Insights on the Evolution and Sedimentary Fill of the Karoo Basin, South Africa." Journal of Sedimentary Research 77, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2007.088.

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23

Magee, Anthony R., Ben-Erik van Wyk, Patricia M. Tilney, and Stephen R. Downie. "Generic Delimitations and Relationships of the Cape Genera Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, and Sonderina, the North African Genera Krubera and Stoibrax, and a New Monotypic Genus of the Subfamily Apioideae (Apiaceae)." Systematic Botany 34, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 580–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364409789271218.

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Generic circumscriptions and phylogenetic relationships of the Cape genera Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, and Sonderina are explored through parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses of nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 intron sequences, morphology, and combined molecular and morphological data. The relationship of these genera with the North African genera Krubera and Stoibrax is also assessed. Analyses of both molecular data sets place Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, Sonderina, and the only southern African species of Stoibrax (S. capense) within the newly recognized Lefebvrea clade of tribe Tordylieae. Capnophyllum is strongly supported as monophyletic and is distantly related to Krubera. The monotypic genus Dasispermum and Stoibrax capense are embedded within a paraphyletic Sonderina. This complex is distantly related to the North African species of Stoibrax in tribe Apieae, in which the type species, Stoibrax dichotomum, occurs. Consequently, Dasispermum is expanded to include both Sonderina and Stoibrax capense. New combinations are formalized for Dasispermum capense, D. hispidum, D. humile, and D. tenue. An undescribed species from the Tanqua Karoo in South Africa is also closely related to Capnophyllum and the Dasispermum–Sonderina complex. The genus Scaraboides is described herein to accommodate the new species, S. manningii. This monotypic genus shares the dorsally compressed fruit and involute marginal wings with Capnophyllum, but is easily distinguished by its erect branching habit, green leaves, scabrous umbels, and fruit with indistinct median and lateral ribs, additional solitary vittae in each marginal wing, and parallel, closely spaced commissural vittae. Despite the marked fruit similarities with Capnophyllum, analyses of DNA sequence data place Scaraboides closer to the Dasispermum–Sonderina complex, with which it shares the erect habit, green (nonglaucous) leaves, and scabrous umbels.

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24

O’Halloran, Gerry, Chris Hurren, and Tim O’Hara. "Seismic stratigraphic relationships within a lowstand reservoir system: examples from the Barrow Group, Southern Exmouth Sub-Basin, NW Australia." APPEA Journal 54, no. 2 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13004.

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The Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Eskdale and Macedon members of the lower Barrow Group comprise some of the main oil-bearing reservoirs in the Exmouth Sub-basin. These high quality sandstones form the reservoirs in the Stybarrow and Eskdale oil fields. Understanding the architecture of these deepwater successions is important in both exploration and development projects. This paper documents detailed stratigraphic relationships and depositional geometries as defined on high quality seismic data sets and associated well data. An initial phase of lowstand deposition (Eskdale Member) is recorded by the development of two main canyon systems; the Eskdale and slightly younger Laverda canyons. These systems are remarkably well imaged on 3D seismic data, allowing for detailed definition of channel morphology and associated fill and spill facies. Channel complexes are up to 1 km-wide and 100 m-deep, and display evidence for multiple phases of erosion and in-channel aggradation. Overbank/spill facies are also identifiable, including crevasse lateral lobes and ‘chute’ channels. These canyon systems fed contemporaneous downdip basin floor fans that display a variety of classical fan morphologies and depositional elements including terminal lobes, fan pinchout edges, distributary channel systems and localised outflow facies. The distribution and morphology of the Eskdale and Laverda canyons and associated fan intervals can be related to topographic gradient changes within the basin (i.e. from shelf to slope to basin floor). These topographic changes are in turn a response to regional tectonism, in particular active rifting along basin margins. An ensuing phase of less confined, shelf-slope turbidite deposition (Macedon Member) records late-stage lowstand processes. Detailed well and seismic control from the Stybarrow Field and surrounding areas has identified multicyclic sands recording deposition of stacked turbidite lobes. These lobe complexes are more laterally continuous than the canyon facies and are comprised of amalgamated sheet sands and lower-relief channel sands, and are generally between 15–25 m thick. In the greater Stybarrow area the original lobate geometries have been subsequently modified by a phase of late-stage erosion. Outcrop analogues for the Macedon Member can be seen in the lobe complexes from the Tanqua Fan intervals of the Karoo Basin, which are similar in both scale and morphology. These lobe complexes extend laterally for tens of kilometres with constituent individual lobes often displaying evidence for compensational depositional processes. This paper was originally published in the Proceedings of the West Australian Basins Symposium 2013, which was held from 18–21 August 2013 in Perth, Australia.

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25

Andarwati, Rini. "GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK DI DESA KUTA MBELIN KECAMATAN LAU BALENG KABUPATEN KARO." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v9i2.284.

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Penggunaan antibiotik, yang sesuai atau tidak sesuai, telah dijelaskan sebagai pendorong utama bagimunculnya peningkatan dan penyebaran resisten antibiotik. Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhiketepatan penggunaan antibiotik pada masyarakat khususnya ibu rumah tangga. Salah satu faktor yangpenting adalah tingkat pengetahuan ibu rumah tangga itu sendiri mengenai antibiotik. Beberapa faktor yangmempengaruhi tingkat pengetahuan tersebut, seperti tingkat pendidikan dari ibu rumah tangga, penjelasanoleh dokter, serta anggapan-anggapan lain yang menimbulkan adanya kesalahan saat mengkonsumsiantibiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap ibu rumah tanggaterhadap penggunaan antibiotik di Desa Kuta Mbelin Kecamatan Lau Baleng Kabupaten Karo. Metodepenelitian ini adalah penelitian survei deskriptif dan tenik pengambilan sampel digunakan adalah tekniksimple random sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 250 ibu rumah tangga dan jumlah sampel 130.Hasil penelitian menunjukkankan bahwa pengetahuan ibu rumah tangga berada dalam kategori baik(41,54%),pada kategori cukup (50%) dan pada kategori kurang (8,46%). Sikap ibu rumah tangga beradadalam kategori baik (65,38%), pada kategori cukup (33,84%), dan pada kategori kurang (0,78%).

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26

Lingga, Osland Herijon. "Pengembangan Potensi Wisata Kuliner Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Desa Tongging Kecamatan Merek Kabupaten Karo Sumatera Utara." Jurnal Akademi Pariwisata Medan 9, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36983/japm.v9i1.103.

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Kuliner memiliki potensi cukup besar. Menurut laporan Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan, bisnis oleh-oleh di jalanan saat ini, mengalami kenaikan sebesar 20%-25%. Pertumbuhan ekonomi secara umum hanya mengalami kenaikan dengan kisaran 3%. Karena itu pakar ekonomi optimis dalam tahun-tahun ke depan, pusat jajanan akan semakin cerah. Kini kegiatan masak memasak tidak dipandang sebagai pekerjaan rumah tangga. Tidak harus perempuan yang meracik berbagai bumbu dan sayuran. Kesuksesan para pebisnis di bidang kuliner membuka celah baru bagi para peminat kuliner dan calon wirausahawan yang bergerak di bidang makanan/masakan desa Tongging di Kabupaten Karo, desa ini terletak di sisi barat danau Toba. Berjarak kurang lebih 115 km dari kota Medan dan dapat ditempuh dengan menggunakan kenderaan kurang lebih 3.5 jam. Desa ini memiliki daerah pantai danau toba dimana banyak terdapat pengelolaan pembudidayaan ikan di danau atau keramba, dimana usaha ini merupakan usaha masyarakat setempat dan telah memberikan kontribusi perekonomian bagi masyarakat. Selain perikanann desa ini juga merupakan penghasil komoditi pertanian seperti bawang merah, bawang putih, beras dan yang tidak kalah terkenalnya adalah manga. Menu lokal menjadi kegemaran wisatawan yaitu ikan arsik.Selain itu permasalahan higiene dan sanitasi menjadi pemasalahan yang ada di kawasan tersebut. Peluang pengembangan potensi wisata kuliner di desa Tongging sangat terbuka karena daerah ini memiliki kearifan lokal baik budaya maupun kuliner dan hal ini juga didukung oleh pemerintah pusat melalui Kementerian Pariwsiata dan Ekonomi Kreatif yaitu akan menjadikan kawasan ini menjadi daerah tujuan wisata kuliner dan belanja. Dengan demikian perlu pembinaan dari pemerintah dan stakeholder kepada masyarakat dan pemerintah desa agar masyarakat dapat menjaga dan memperkaya kearifan lokal

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27

Hartati, Celerina Dewi. "Transformasi dan Kontinuitas Dalam Tradisi Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Limbah Jagung Untuk Memasak Skala Rumah Tangga, Studi Kasus Kecamatan Tiga Binanga Tanah Karo." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU SOSIAL 28, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jpis.v28i1.13299.

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28

Van der Merwe, Helga, and Margaretha W. Van Rooyen. "Guiding conservation efforts in the Hantam–Tanqua–Roggeveld (South Africa) using diversity parameters." Koedoe 53, no. 1 (March 2, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v53i1.1018.

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The Hantam–Tanqua–Roggeveld subregion falls within the Succulent Karoo and Fynbos Biomes, which are both recognised as global biodiversity hotspots that should be conserved. The objective of this study was to gather baseline biodiversity information that can be used to guide conservation efforts. A total of 40 Whittaker plots were surveyed in the subregion and the various diversity parameters calculated from the data were compared across the subregion and to available data for the Succulent Karoo and Fynbos Biomes. Species richness per 1000 m2 ranged from nine to 100 species across the subregion. Species richness for all plot sizes < 1000 m2 was significantly lower for the Tanqua Karoo than for both the Winter Rainfall Karoo and Mountain Renosterveld. The latter two areas did not differ significantly from each other with regard to species richness. Species richness was significantly higher only at the 1000 m2 scale in the Mountain Renosterveld compared to the Winter Rainfall Karoo. Evenness and Shannon and Simpson indices did not differ significantly between the Mountain Renosterveld and Winter Rainfall Karoo; however, these values were significantly higher than for the Tanqua Karoo. A principal coordinate analysis of species richness data at seven plot sizes produced three distinct clusters. One cluster represented the Tanqua Karoo, with low species richness, evenness, and Shannon and Simpson indices. Another cluster represented mostly Mountain Renosterveld vegetation, which was characterised by a high species richness, evenness, and Shannon and Simpson indices. The third cluster was formed by the remaining Mountain Renosterveld plots as well as the Winter Rainfall Karoo plots.The high species richness values found in the various vegetation units can add valuable information to the conservation planning arena by providing information on biodiversity parameters and their spatial distribution. This information can assist with conservation efforts in the Hantam, Tanqua and Roggeveld areas.Conservation implications: Conservation and development of the Hantam–Tanqua– Roggeveld subregion is hampered by a lack of information on floristic diversity. The results of the current study indicated areas of low diversity and contrasting areas of high diversity. These data can be used to guide effective conservation and management of the floristic diversity.

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Van der Merwe, Helga, Margaretha W. Van Rooyen, and Noel Van Rooyen. "Vegetation of the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld subregion, South Africa Part 2: Succulent Karoo Biome related vegetation." Koedoe 50, no. 1 (May 21, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v50i1.148.

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The Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld subregion lies within the Succulent Karoo Hotspot that stretches along the western side of the Republic of South Africa and Namibia. This project, carried out to document the botanical diversity in the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld subregion, was part of a project identified as a priority during the SKEP (Succulent Karoo Ecosystem Programme) initiative in this Hotspot. Botanical surveys were conducted in an area covering over three million hectares. Satellite images of the area and topocadastral, land type and geology maps were used to stratify the area into relatively homogeneous units. An analysis of the floristic data of 390 sample plots identified two major floristic units, i.e. the Fynbos Biome related vegetation and the Succulent Karoo Biome related vegetation. A description of the vegetation related to the Succulent Karoo Biome is presented in this article. Seven associations, 16 subassociations and several mosaic vegetation units, consisting of more than one vegetation unit, were identified and mapped. Various threats to the vegetation in the region were identified during the survey and are briefly discussed.

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30

Rubin, Francine. "The physical environment and major plant communities of the Tankwa- Karoo National Park." Koedoe 41, no. 2 (February 19, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v41i2.253.

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Apart from Acocks (1988) there are no published descriptions of the vegetation of the greater Tanqua and Doring River drainage basin (Bayer et al. 1993). A botanical and physical description of the Tankwa- Karoo National Park (TKRNP) which occurs in Veldtype 31b (Acocks 1988) is provided. The three dominant geological formations, older glacigenic deposits of the Dwyka Group, followed by the succession of siliciclas- tic sediments of the Permian Ecca Group, with flat dolerite sills and dykes, underlie eight distinct plant communities. The plant communities can be divided into large open plains dominated by Galenia africana and Tripteris sp. in the erosion rills, Malephora luteola and Augea capensis common in the low lying areas and Zygophyllum microcarpum, Brownanthus ciliatus and Galenia crystallina common on the more shaly concave plains and low shale hills. Slightly elevated rocky areas are dominated by Ruschia cf. robusta, Ruschia spinosa communities, while crusts of stemless mesembs such as Rhinephyllum macra denium, Hereroa fimbriata and Cheiridopsis acuminata are found on the desert paved areas. Annual Asteraceae covers all the denuded and sparsely vegetated areas after good winter rains while annual mesembs colonise on the more sodic sites. A total of 259 plant species were collected sporadically over a period of eight years, this includes 65 succulents and seven species endemic to the Tanqua Karoo and immediate adjacent area of the Roggeveld Mountain Range and Sutherland. Four Tanqua Karoo endemic species were found in the park.

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Van der Merwe, Helga, Margaretha W. Van Rooyen, and Noel Van Rooyen. "Vegetation of the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld subregion, South Africa. Part 1: Fynbos Biome related vegetation." Koedoe 50, no. 1 (May 21, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v50i1.130.

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The Succulent Karoo Hotspot stretches along the western side of the Republic of South Africa and Namibia. A lack of botanical information on the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld area of the Succulent Karoo Hotspot was identified during the SKEP (Succulent Karoo Ecosystem Plan) process. A grant from CEPF (Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund) funded a study to produce a vegetation map of the area to serve as baseline for ecosystem management.Vegetation surveys were conducted over an area of more than three million hectares from August to October 2004. Two major floristic units were identified, namely the Fynbos Biome related (Mountain Renosterveld) and Succulent Karoo Biome related units. An analysis of the floristic data of the predominantly Mountain Renosterveld vegetation unit is presented in this paper. Three associations were identified, which were subdivided into nine subassociations, one of which contains four variants. The vegetation units are described in terms of their species composition and their relationships with the physical environment. A vegetation map is provided depicting the geographical distribution of the different vegetation types. The main threat to the vegetation of the region identified by the farming community was a lack of infrastructure.

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William R. Morris1, Mark H Scheihin. "ABSTRACT: Reservoir Architecture of Turbidite Elements, Permian Tanqua Karoo, South Africa." AAPG Bulletin 85 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/61eec87e-173e-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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Samuel K. Huisman1. "Abstract: Reservoir Characterization of Fine-Grained Outer Sheet Sands, Tanqua Karoo, South Africa." AAPG Bulletin 84 (2000) (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/c9ebdac1-1735-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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Donald E. Rehmer1, Philip R.C. Dudl. "Abstract: Architectural and Reservoir Characteristics of Fine-Grained Depositional Lobes, Tanqua Karoo, South Africa." AAPG Bulletin 84 (2000) (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/a9672c12-1738-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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KIRKOVA, JULITTA T., Louisiana Stat. "Abstract: Characterization of Channel Depositional Settings in a Fine-Grained Submarine Fan, Tanqua Karoo, South Africa." AAPG Bulletin 82 (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/00aa8c60-1730-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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KIRKOVA, JULITTA T., and ARNOLD H. "Abstract :Architectural Changes within Channel Depositional Settings of a Fine-Grained Turbidite, Tanqua Karoo, South Africa." AAPG Bulletin 81 (1997) (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/3b05d478-172a-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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Wytze van der Werff1, Stephen Flint. "Abstract: High-resolution 3-D architecture and pinchout geometries of fasin floor fans, Tanqua Karoo, South Africa." AAPG Bulletin 84 (2000) (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/a9673130-1738-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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Erik D. Scott. "Deep Water Deposits of the Tanqua and Laingsburg Subbasins, Southwest Karoo Basin, South Africa: Analog for the Gulf of Mexico: ABSTRACT." AAPG Bulletin 79 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/7834dd5a-1721-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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"Erratum to Three-dimensional geological models from outcrop data using digital data collection techniques: an example from the Tanqua Karoo depocentre, South Africa." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 239, no. 1 (2004): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp239.erratum.

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David Hodgetts1, John Kavanagh1, Da. "ABSTRACT: Methods and Tools for Digital Data Collection and Construction of 3-D Geological Computer Models in the Field; Examples from the Tanqua Karoo Turbidites, South Africa." AAPG Bulletin 86 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/61eeeb88-173e-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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Ginting, Sri Ulina, and Muhammad Ali Sadikini. "ANALISIS SEMIOTIK PADA PESTA WACANA PERKAWINAN ADAT KARO LANGKAT." Jurnal Serunai Bahasa Indonesia 15, no. 2 (December 3, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.37755/jsbi.v15i2.52.

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Upacara perkawinan Adat Karo adalah Upacara adat yang dihadiri oleh kerabat pihak kedua mempelai pengantin dan kerabat yang mempunyai kedudukan sebagai Anak beru, Senina, dan Kalimbubu (Rakut Sitelu). Upacara Adat dalam ngembah belo selambar biasanya didahului oleh makan bersama kemudian dilanjutkan dengan acara Runggu (Musyawarah) untuk menentukan berjalannya pesta peradatan pada hari H pesta perkawinan. Kesantunan berbahasa yang digunakan oleh pihak Kalimbubu (Pemberi Dara) dengan senina (Semarga) dan Anak Beru (Penerima Dara) mempunyai perbedaan kedudukan dalam posisi menjalankan adat pada pesta perkawinan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang makna semiotik pada wacana perkawinan adat Karo Langkat, Mulai dari pelaksanaan Ngembah Belo selambar (meminang perempuan Karo), Nganting Manuk, Pesta adat dan acara ngobah tutur atau yang dikenal dengan Mukul.Semua makna yang dipakai dan yang digunakan mempunyai makna tertentu dalam proses menjalankan adat. Dimana perlengkapan yang digunakan ose kedua belah pengantin dan keduah pihak orang tua pengantin, Luah (kado) dari singalo bere bere(Paman) berupa Penjayon (alat alat rumah tangga) tikar dan bantal, lampu telpok , beras priuk, ayam, telur ayam, kuali, piring , gelas, dan cerek.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, dimana akan dibuat deskripsi yang sistematis dan akurat mengenai data yang diteliti. Metode deskriptif dipilih karena penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk menggambarkan makna makna yang terdapat pada perlengkapan wacana perkawinan adat Karo . Makna yang terdapat dalam wacana perlengkapan Perkawinan adat Karo langkat dikaji secara semiotik menentukan bagaimana kedudukan seseorang tersebut pada saat proses berjalan adat. Apakah ia duduk diposisi, anak beru, Kalimbubu, sembuyak/senina atau teman meriah

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