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Journal articles on the topic 'Tanzania economy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Carr, M. K. V., William Stephens, and T. C. E. Congdon. "Tea in Tanzania." Outlook on Agriculture 17, no. 1 (1988): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708801700104.

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Tea has been grown in Tanzania for more than 60 years. After a period of relative stagnation, it is now set to make a positive contribution to the national income, both in the public and private sectors. This article reviews the past, present and likely future contributions of tea to the Tanzanian economy.

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2

Coudere, Hugo. "Boerenhuishoudens Tegenover Markt en Staat in Tanzania." Afrika Focus 2, no. 2 (1986): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-00202003.

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The economic reality of the peasant households in Tanzania is situated at the convergence of three spheres: 1. the economy of affection, based on the peasant mode of production; 2. the market, which is dominated by parallel circuits; 3. the Tanzanian state, which is expanding continuously. Each of these spheres has its own logic with its own beneficiaries. The economy of affection redistributes income, often at the expense of market laws and official economic policies. The parallel circuits in the market system only benefit the black marketeers and the well-off. The state has expanded, sometimes in favour of peasant-farmers and workers, but most of the time for its own sake.

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3

Mwakalobo, Adam, Abiud Kaswamila, Alex Kira, Onesmo Chawala, and Timothy Tear. "Tourism Regional Multiplier Effects in Tanzania: Analysis of Singita Grumeti Reserves Tourism in the Mara Region." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 4 (2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n4p44.

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<p>The main focus of this study was to establish the economic impacts of a single tourism business operated in a rural area on a regional economy in Africa. This paper presents a case study of the regional multiplier effects of Singita Grumeti Reserves’ (SGR) tourism investment in the Mara region, Tanzania. The recursive Keynesian multiplier approach was used to identify significant economic multiplier effects larger than any other multiplier effects we could find published for relevant, comparable studies (Type 1 average 1.57 from 2008-2013, range 1.24 – 1.81). This result was contrary to economic theory that predicts the multiplier effect in this case should be low given the small area of investment in comparison to the much larger regional economy. In addition, these results represent underestimates, as the multiplier effects established in this study did not factor in substantial positive environmental and socio economic impacts accrued from SGR’s non-profit partner organization, the Grumeti Fund. Consequently, our study findings present compelling evidence that SGR tourism investments, when combined with the Grumeti Fund’s conservation and community development activities, demonstrate a pro-poor economic approach of substantial benefit to the Tanzanian economy. This was possible because the investment made by one private company is relatively substantial in comparison to the limited government services provided to the Mara Region, where nearly half of the 1.7 million people in this region remain in the poverty trap. These results provide compelling evidence that this type of high-value low-volume tourism investment can also contribute to sustainable and equitable socioeconomic development when paired with conservation and community development efforts. This assessment also demonstrates the value of ecosystem services derived from conserving Tanzania’s rich and globally significant natural heritage for the benefit of both people and nature. As there is more tourism potential in Tanzania, Tanzanian government authorities at all levels should consider encouraging and supporting similar tourism investments (i.e., high-value low-volume tourism model). This support could be tailored to providing incentives such as tax rate reduction or exemptions to encourage this specific type of tourism investment. Private investment is particularly important in rural and underserved regions in Tanzania– like the Mara Region – where there have been limited economic investments despite substantial opportunities for economic growth. </p>

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4

McHenry, Dean E., T. L. Maliyamkono, M. S. D. Bagachwa, Norman O'Neill, and Kemal Mustafa. "The Second Economy in Tanzania." African Studies Review 35, no. 1 (1992): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524454.

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5

Lauwo, Sarah George, Olatunde Julius Otusanya, and Owolabi Bakre. "Corporate social responsibility reporting in the mining sector of Tanzania." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 29, no. 6 (2016): 1038–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-06-2013-1380.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing debate on governance, accountability, transparency and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the mining sector of a developing country context. It examines the reporting practices of the two largest transnational gold-mining companies in Tanzania in order to draw attention to the role played by local government regulations and advocacy and campaigning by nationally organised non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with respect to promoting corporate social reporting practices. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes a political economy perspective to consider the serious implications of the neo-liberal ideologies of the global capitalist economy, as manifested in Tanzania’s regulatory framework and in NGO activism, for the corporate disclosure, accountability and responsibility of transnational companies (TNCs). A qualitative field case study methodology is adopted to locate the largely unfamiliar issues of CSR in the Tanzanian mining sector within a more familiar literature on social accounting. Data for the case study were obtained from interviews and from analysis of documents such as annual reports, social responsibility reports, newspapers, NGO reports and other publicly available documents. Findings – Analysis of interviews, press clips and NGO reports draws attention to social and environmental problems in the Tanzanian mining sector, which are arguably linked to the manifestation of the broader crisis of neo-liberal agendas. While these issues have serious impacts on local populations in the mining areas, they often remain invisible in mining companies’ social disclosures. Increasing evidence of social and environmental ills raises serious questions about the effectiveness of the regulatory frameworks, as well as the roles played by NGOs and other pressure groups in Tanzania. Practical implications – By empowering local NGOs through educational, capacity building, technological and other support, NGOs’ advocacy, campaigning and networking with other civil society groups can play a pivotal role in encouraging corporations, especially TNCs, to adopt more socially and environmentally responsible business practices and to adhere to international and local standards, which in turn may help to improve the lives of many poor people living in developing countries in general, and Tanzania in particular. Originality/value – This paper contributes insights from gold-mining activities in Tanzania to the existing literature on CSR in the mining sector. It also contributes to political economy theory by locating CSR reporting within the socio-political and regulatory context in which mining operations take place in Tanzania. It is argued that, for CSR reporting to be effective, robust regulations and enforcement and stronger political pressure must be put in place.

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6

Bagachwa, M. S. D., and A. Naho. "Estimating the second economy in Tanzania." World Development 23, no. 8 (1995): 1387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(95)00055-h.

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7

WEISKOPF, JULIE M. "SOCIALISM ON SAFARI: WILDLIFE AND NATION-BUILDING IN POSTCOLONIAL TANZANIA, 1961–77." Journal of African History 56, no. 3 (2015): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853715000341.

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AbstractThis article examines the fraught history of officials' innovative uses of wildlife in socialist Tanzania, as they pursued both international and domestic agendas with the country's wild fauna. Internationally, officials sought to enhance Tanzania's reputation and gain foreign support through its conservation policies and diplomatic use of wild animals. Domestically, officials recognized the utility of wildlife for a number of nation-building agendas, ranging from national identity to economic development. However, internal contradictions riddled the wildlife economy, creating difficulty for government officials and party leaders when balancing socialist commitments with an effective, market-driven industry.

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8

Mallya, Ernest T. "The Political Economy of Democracy in Tanzania." Journal of African elections 6, no. 1 (2007): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2007/v6i1a8.

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9

Kihwele, Santos, Kyeon Hur, and Alex Kyaruzi. "Visions, Scenarios and Action Plans Towards Next Generation Tanzania Power System." Energies 5, no. 10 (2012): 3908–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en5103908.

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This paper presents strategic visions, scenarios and action plans for enhancing Tanzania Power Systems towards next generation Smart Power Grid. It first introduces the present Tanzanian power grid and the challenges ahead in terms of generation capacity, financial aspect, technical and non-technical losses, revenue loss, high tariff, aging infrastructure, environmental impact and the interconnection with the neighboring countries. Then, the current initiatives undertaken by the Tanzania government in response to the present challenges and the expected roles of smart grid in overcoming these challenges in the future with respect to the scenarios presented are discussed. The developed scenarios along with visions and recommended action plans towards the future Tanzanian power system can be exploited at all governmental levels to achieve public policy goals and help develop business opportunities by motivating domestic and international investments in modernizing the nation’s electric power infrastructure. In return, it should help build the green energy economy.

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10

Peter Mgeni, Charles, Klaus Müller, and Stefan Sieber. "Reducing Edible Oil Import Dependency in Tanzania: A Computable General Equilibrium CGE Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (2019): 4480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164480.

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Reducing food imports and promoting domestically produced food commodities are long-standing goals for policymakers and other stakeholders in sub-Saharan African countries. For instance, Tanzania, after a long period of dependency on imported food commodities, such as sugar and edible oils, intends to meet its demand for these commodities through domestic production by transforming its agriculture sector to achieve this goal. Applying a general computable equilibrium (CGE) model, this study determines the multiplier effects of technological progress that is assumed to foster domestic edible oilseed crop production, other crops, and Tanzania’s economy in general. Findings from the model establish an increase in domestic production not only for the edible oilseed crops but also for other commodities from other sectors of the economy. In addition, there is a decrease in prices on domestically produced commodities sold in the domestic market, and an increase in disposable income is predicted for all rural and urban households, as well as government revenues. Based on model results, we recommend that the Tanzanian government invests in technological progress and interventions that increase production in sectors such as agriculture, where it has a comparative advantage. Interventions that increase smallholder farmer’s production, such as the use of improved seed and other modern technologies that reduce costs of production, are critical for reducing food imports and improving food security.

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11

Mkuna, Eliaza, George Mgendi, and Gulilat Taruku. "Political economy of biofuel in Tanzania : review approach." AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society 7, no. 1 (2017): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2075-6534/2017/v7n1a3.

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12

Gray, Hazel S. "The political economy of grand corruption in Tanzania." African Affairs 114, no. 456 (2015): 382–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adv017.

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13

Anyimadu, Adjoa. "The political economy of Tanzania: Decline and recovery." African Affairs 115, no. 459 (2016): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adw010.

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14

Jiang, Lei, and Yu Guang Wei. "Analysis of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Rail-Sea Intermodal Transportation Collection and Separation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1777.

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Chinese enterprises will participate in the Tanzania-Zambia railway reconstruction project and operation management by way of franchising. Analyzing the Tanzania and Zambia policy and the cargo component of the Tanzania-Zambia railway, this study put forward some relevant suggestions on the structure and conditions of rail-sea intermodal transportation. In the end, in order to flourish the economy in Tanzania-Zambia area, Tanzania-Zambia railway should have access to the port develops market, set up the logistics center and develop sea-rail intermodal transportation vigorously.

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15

EIJDENBERG, EMIEL L., and KATHRIN BORNER. "THE PERFORMANCE OF SUBSISTENCE ENTREPRENEURS IN TANZANIA’S INFORMAL ECONOMY." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 22, no. 01 (2017): 1750007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946717500078.

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Many scholars have found difficulties with the applicability of Western entrepreneurship typologies in non-Western contexts. Hence, this paper “takes a step back” by revealing what does apply as opposed to what does not apply. First, this paper investigates what the performance of subsistence entrepreneurs in Tanzania’s informal economy consists of. Second, it examines which demographic and social factors predict that performance. Based on a literature review and a pre-study, a main study with questionnaires was completed by 152 informal food vendors — that is, “subsistence entrepreneurs”, in southern Tanzania. Next, correlation, factor, reliability and regression analyses were performed to test the hypotheses. Based on a factor analysis, a distinction is made between basic performance and advanced performance. The results show that advanced performance is positively influenced by experience and age; but other factors, such as the subsistence entrepreneur’s gender, education and support from family, have no effect.

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16

Mwigeka, Samwel. "Do Budget Deficit Crowds Out Private Investment: A Case of Tanzanian Economy." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 6 (2016): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n6p183.

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The existing high budget deficit in Tanzanian economy has created an immense concern among economic policy analysts. The study inspects whether budget deficits crowd out or crowd in private investment in Tanzania, using annual data for the period from 1970 to 2012. Using the Johansen cointegration test advocates there is at least one cointegration vector among these variables. Given such condition, the application vector error correction model (VEC) became inevitable as it presents additional and superior information in relation to other data production processes. The results indicate a close long–term connection between private investment, and other variables included in the study. Results suggest that budget deficits considerably crowds out private investment. The study advocates that government should readdress its fiscal policy that would support the private investors. The government should discourage high government expenditures and maintaining a low fiscal deficit also capital market should be used to finance budget deficit.

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17

Sarakikya, Halidini. "Renewable Energy Policies and Practice in Tanzania: Their Contribution to Tanzania Economy and Poverty Alleviation." International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 4, no. 6 (2015): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20150406.12.

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18

Tripp, Aili Mari. "Women and the Changing Urban Household Economy in Tanzania." Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 4 (1989): 601–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00020462.

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Women in Tanzania's largest city, Dar es Salaam, used to be described as ‘relatively inactive’ as regards paid work or self-employment.1 One study undertaken in 1971 found that only one-fifth of urban women were either working for wages (13 per cent) or earning their own sources of income (7 per cent).2 The situation could not have been more different in the late 1980s, with as many as 66 per cent in Dar es Salaam being self-employed. Although about the same proportion of women were in some kind of paid employment as during the previous decade, it appeared that since then many of them had been leaving their place of work to farm and to engage in small income-generating projects, known as miradi midogo midogo or shughuli ndogo ndogo in Kiswahili3.

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19

Bergius, Mikael, Tor A. Benjaminsen, and Mats Widgren. "Green economy, Scandinavian investments and agricultural modernization in Tanzania." Journal of Peasant Studies 45, no. 4 (2017): 825–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2016.1260554.

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20

Mwaikusa, J. T. "Community Rights and Land Use Policies in Tanzania: The Case of Pastoral Communities." Journal of African Law 37, no. 2 (1993): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300011219.

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The statement above is an admission of failure, or neglect, to design a policy for livestock production and development. The admission appears t o be almost contradictory. Nyerere's leadership of Tanzania had its landmarks, the most indelible of which is probably the Arusha Declaration with its particularly heavy bias towards rural development in its policy objectives. Yet that rural bias conspicuously excluded the role of pastoral communities and their potential in the development of Tanzania's rural economy. The pastoralists are not a majority but constitute a substantial portion of the population. They are entitled, as of right, to proportionate attention by national policies, as well as access to national resources, especially land, proportionate to their needs and potential, just like the cultivators. But government policies in Tanzania have marginalized pastoralists and sometimes even their rights and their very presence have been ignored.

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21

Mwase, Ngila. "The Collapse of the National Road Haulage Company in Tanzania." Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 4 (1985): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055038.

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The post-colonial evolution of the Tanzanian economy has been strongly influenced by public policy, notably since the adoption of the Arusha Declaration in 1967,1 which established the following guidelines:1. Self-reliance, albeit not self-sufficiency or autarky, since, at least in theory, selected foreign assistance may be the catalyst rather than the basis of development.2. General social equality, aimed at regional, inter-personal, and rural—urban equity.3. Socialist and co-operative economic activities, emphasising priority for rural development per se, with a bias towards co-operative work through communal ujamaa villages.4. Public ownership and control of the ‘commanding heights’ of the economy.

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22

Maddox, Gregory. "Mtunya: Famine in Central Tanzania, 1917–20." Journal of African History 31, no. 2 (1990): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700024993.

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In the Dodoma Region of central Tanzania the people called Wagogo name a famine that struck between 1917 and 1920 the Mtunya—‘The Scramble’. This famine came after both German and British miliary requisitions had drained the arid region of men, cattle and food. The famine, which killed 30,000 of the region's 150,000 people, is more than just a good example of what John Iliffe has called ‘conjunctural poverty’. The Mtunya and the response to it by both the people of the region and the new colonial government also shaped the form of the interaction between local economy and society and the political economy of colonial Tanganyika. The Gogo, in their own interpretation of the famine, stress the ways in which this famine made them dependent on the colonial economy. For them, this famine represented a terrible loss of autonomy, a loss of the ability to control the reproduction of their own society.

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23

Abdulla, Abdulla R., Maryam M. Othman, and Zhao Hongzhong. "An Emperical Study on the Strategies to Attract Foreign Direct Investments in Tanzania." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 3, no. 1 (2012): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2012v3i1p43-52.

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This paper dwells on the investment strategies in attracting FDI into Tanzania, the investment reforms have been expected to become a major factor responsible for the increased FDI inflow in to the country, these reforms including political system, economic management and government administration. Despite of the several efforts such as the far reaching reform in the economy done by Tanzania to increase FDI inflows in the country, the results are far from satisfactory. It has been revealed that the unsatisfactory FDI inflow into Tanzania is primarily caused by the improper strategies resulted from the inadequacy of FDI determinants in the country. The study found that Tanzania lacks the adequate strategies due to poor FDI determinants that would attract a substantial FDI inflow into the country. This makes it necessary for the country to make sure that the determinants like better infrastructure, adequacy of government agencies; favorable macro economic, political conditions are available in adequate amount and quality. It is concluded that proper strategies in influencing investment regulatory frameworks, policies that promote macroeconomic stability, improved physical infrastructure and institutional reforms are important in attracting more FDIs into a country and therefore are highly recommended.

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24

Mwigeka, Samwel. "Do Budget Deficit Crowds out Private Investment: A Case of Tanzanian Economy." American Journal of Trade and Policy 2, no. 1 (2015): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v2i1.378.

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The existing high budget deficit in Tanzanian economy has created an immense concern among economic policy analysts. The study investigates whether budget deficits crowd out or crowd in private investment in Tanzania, using annual data covering the period from 1970 to 2012. Using the Johansen cointegration test suggests there is at least one cointegration vector among these variables. Under such circumstances, we employed a vector error correction model (VEC), since it offers more and better information compared to other data generation processes. The results point to a close long–term relationship between private investment, and other variables included in the study. Results suggest that budget deficits significantly crowds out private investment. These results substantiate the theoretical predictions and are also supported by previous studies. The paper recommends that government should redirect it fiscal policy that would favor the private investor by discouraging high government expenditure and maintaining a low fiscal deficit. Also, to avoid crowding out effect, capital market should be used to finance budget deficit. JEL Classifications Code: H6

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25

Bergius, Mikael, Tor A. Benjaminsen, Faustin Maganga, and Halvard Buhaug. "Green economy, degradation narratives, and land-use conflicts in Tanzania." World Development 129 (May 2020): 104850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104850.

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26

Bluwstein, Jevgeniy, and Jens Friis Lund. "Unpacking the Political Economy of Lion Trophy Hunting in Tanzania." Conservation Biology 31, no. 2 (2016): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12848.

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27

McCurdy, Sheryl, and Pamela Kaduri. "The political economy of heroin and crack cocaine in Tanzania." Review of African Political Economy 43, no. 148 (2016): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2016.1170678.

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28

Madulu, Ndalahwa Faustin. "POPULATION GROWTH, AGRARIAN PEASANT ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN TANZANIA." International Sociology 10, no. 1 (1995): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026858095010001003.

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29

Buseth, Jill Tove. "The green economy in Tanzania: From global discourses to institutionalization." Geoforum 86 (November 2017): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.08.015.

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30

Shao, John. "Politics and the Food Production Crisis in Tanzania." Issue 14 (1985): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700505897.

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Opinion is now universally agreed among all people of conscience, that the so-called Tanzanian experiment is a complete and dismal failure. Reviews critical of this ‘experiment’ and warning about the impending catastrophe, which began to appear in the international press in the middle of 1980 as a whisper, had become an uproar by late 1982 as the hopes and optimism that accompanied the apparent and aberrant recovery of 1976-79 were dashed and shattered by the return of the food crisis in 1980 and the perseverance and intensification of the general economic crisis. The pace of deterioration of the economy has accelerated since 1980.

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31

N. Isanzu, Janeth. "Impact of Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance of Banks in Tanzania." Journal of International Business Research and Marketing 1, no. 1 (2015): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.11.3002.

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Since the financial sector reforms took place in the last two decades, Banks in Tanzania have continued to play the major role in reshaping the economy of the nation. With the emergence of knowledge based economy many firm have changed their way of doing business instead of relying more on physical capital they have shifted to intellectual capital. This is no exception for the banks operating in developing counties Tanzania included. Many studies have been done in the area of intellectual capital and its contribution to the value of the firm. This study sets out to extend the evidence by investigating the intellectual capital of banks operating in Tanzania for the period of four years from 2010 to 2013. Annual reports, especially the profit and loss accounts and balance sheets of the selected banks have been used to obtain the data. The study uses Value Added Intellectual Capital model (VAICTM) in determining intellectual capital and its three major components like Human Capital Efficiency (HCE) Structural capital efficiency (SCE) and Capital Employed Efficiency (CEE). The results revealed that Intellectual capital has a positive relationship with financial performance of banks operating in Tanzania and also when the VAICTM was divided into its three components it was discovered that the financial performance is positively related to Human capital efficiency and Capital employed efficiency but is negatively related to Structural capital efficiency.

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32

Mgeni, Charles, Klaus Müller, and Stefan Sieber. "Sunflower Value Chain Enhancements for the Rural Economy in Tanzania: A Village Computable General Equilibrium-CGE Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010075.

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Poverty is prevalent and widespread in rural Tanzania, where agriculture is the main activity. The government is making significant public investments intended to speed the growth of agriculture as a means to accelerate inclusive economic growth. In line with public investments, the government is promoting public–private partnerships by encouraging the use of improved agricultural innovations and linking farmers to markets, seeking to increase their yields and income. However, there is a paucity of empirical evidence using multipliers analysis about the extent of how gains in agricultural productivity and market linkages for farmers in rural areas help improve the economy at the household level. This paper assesses the welfare effects of the sunflower value chain for a rural economy in Tanzania using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for the selected village, which has a high potential for sunflower. Findings highlight the use of the CGE model, first, for analyzing and understanding the economic sectors at a village level. Second, the effects of various upgrading strategies promoted for improving rural farming communities by the government and non-governmental development partners at the micro-scale are analyzed and potential agricultural commodity value chains identified. The multiplier analysis provided insights regarding the potential of sunflower crops for the village economy.

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33

Dimoso (PhD, Economics), Romanus L., and UTONGA, Dickson (MSc. Economics). "The Nexus between Export and Economic Growth in Tanzania." International Business & Economics Studies 1, no. 2 (2019): p95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ibes.v1n2p95.

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This study explored the causal relationship between exports and economic growth in Tanzania. It analyzed time series data for the period of 1980 to 2015. Economic growth is measured in terms of growth per cent while exports are measured in percentage change of goods and services sold abroad. Econometrics analysis was employed in the due course. Such procedures as testing for the presence of unit root, co-integration and causality were done. Furthermore, the Johansen co-integration and Granger causality tests were employed to examine the long-run relationship among variables. The results of co-integration indicate the existence of one co-integrating equation. The causality test results exhibited causality which runs from economic growth to exports. The results conclude that, in the long run, there is a relationship between exports and economic growth in Tanzania. This study recommends the Government to make efforts to improve exports and eventually, in the long-run, rejuvenating the economy.

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34

Tutuba, Nicholaus B., and Wim Vanhaverbeke. "Beekeeping in Tanzania: why is beekeeping not commercially viable in Mvomero?" Afrika Focus 31, no. 1 (2018): 213–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101012.

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Beekeeping is a long established economic activity in Tanzania. It contributes to the national economy by generating some US$ 19 million per annum and employing more than two million people. Beekeeping produces food and medicines, makes a significant contribution to bio-diversity, and encourages agricultural production through pollination. Moreover, more than 50% of Tanzania is covered by forests suitable for beekeeping. This potential is not fully exploited, and the sector is non-commercial. This study analyses the causes of the inability of rural Tanzanian beekeepers to establish commercially viable businesses. Using the case study research design, this qualitative study was conducted in the Mvomero district. Triangulation sampling techniques were used to select different beekeeping actors. Data was collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and observation. The descriptive analysis and ‘current tree reality’ of thinking process techniques were used to identify constraints that limit beekeepers from commercialising the sector. The challenges that are repeatedly cited as the main hindrances to the growth and development of beekeeping include over-reliance on traditional hives and honey production methods, low volumes, poor quality honey, limited access to finance, and insufficient fodder. We conclude that insufficient beekeeping expertise (knowledge and skills) and management are the two critical underlying factors that have led to the current situation. Since this study was limited to answering the first question of the theory of constraints approach, a further study is suggested to answer the remaining two questions. Moreover, a study to assess obstacles that hinder the adoption of top bar hives in the area is vitally important.

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35

Maliganya, Willy, and Kenneth Bengesi. "Policy Enabling Environment of Mining Sector in Tanzania: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 4 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n4p1.

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Mining has increasingly become an important contributor to the economy of developing countries including Tanzania. Since independence, Tanzania has made several efforts in response to address the challenges in the mining sector to enhance its contribution to the national economy. However, such efforts have not been successful in addressing the persisting challenges, which includes lack of expected benefits, failure to develop policy options for making the investment environment supportive for all actors in the sector; hence failure to use mineral wealth sustainably. The reasons for the persistence of these challenges are not well documented especially in relation to the policy framework. While some scholars attribute these challenges to bad deals with mining companies, others blame the government for its failure to effectively implement, monitor and enforce the existing regulatory framework. This paper reviews the policy enabling environment of the mining sector in Tanzania. The results indicate that Tanzania has taken measures to create some opportunities through policy enabling environment. However, the measures have not been able to achieve the expected results due to the persistence of targeted challenges in the sector. In view of this, improvement of the policy framework is particularly needed where policy gaps have accelerated for poor practices.

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Dell’Anno, Roberto, Adriana AnaMaria Davidescu, and Nguling’wa Philip Balele. "Estimating shadow economy in Tanzania: an analysis with the MIMIC approach." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 1 (2018): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-11-2016-0240.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the Tanzanian shadow economy (SE) from 2003 to 2015 and test the statistical relationships between the SE and its potential causes and indicators. Design/methodology/approach The econometric analysis is based on a multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model. To calibrate the SE from the estimates, the authors adopt the value of 55.4 percentage of the SE to official GDP from the literature for the base year 2005. Findings The SE ranges from 52 to 61 per cent of official GDP and slightly decreases from 2013 to 2015. Increase in inflation, unemployment and government spending were the main drivers of the SE dynamics. Research limitations/implications Given the challenges facing estimation of the SE (e.g. small sample size, exogenous estimate to calibrate the model, meaning of the latent variable), quantification of SE should be considered to be rough measures. Practical implications To lower the size of the SE, the government needs to keep inflation and unemployment stable over time, to reduce government spending because it creates pressure on tax collection due to the limited tax base. Originality/value This is the first study specifically focused on Tanzanian SE based on the MIMIC approach. Existing estimates of Tanzanian SE are calculated by monetary models or apply a common MIMIC specification to the worldwide context.

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Slocum, Susan L., Kenneth F. Backman, and Kenneth L. Robinson. "Tourism Pathways to Prosperity: Perspectives On the Informal Economy in Tanzania." Tourism Analysis 16, no. 1 (2011): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354211x12988225900045.

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Jacob, Thabit. "Competing energy narratives in Tanzania: Towards the political economy of coal." African Affairs 116, no. 463 (2017): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adx002.

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Maddox, Gregory H., and Charles David Smith. "Ecology, Civil Society, and the Informal Economy in North West Tanzania." International Journal of African Historical Studies 35, no. 1 (2002): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097389.

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Mhando, Peter C. "Managing in the Informal Economy: The Informal Financial Sector in Tanzania." Africa Journal of Management 4, no. 3 (2018): 282–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23322373.2018.1516444.

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Nelson, Fred. "Blessing or curse? The political economy of tourism development in Tanzania." Journal of Sustainable Tourism 20, no. 3 (2012): 359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.630079.

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Rocco, Matteo V., Francesco Tonini, Elena M. Fumagalli, and Emanuela Colombo. "Electrification pathways for Tanzania: Implications for the economy and the environment." Journal of Cleaner Production 263 (August 2020): 121278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121278.

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Msamula, Jasinta, Wim Vanhaverbeke, and Nicholaus B. Tutuba. "Influence of institutions on value creation activities of micro and small enterprises in rural Tanzania." Afrika Focus 31, no. 1 (2018): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101011.

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Economic development initiatives in Tanzania recognise the importance of enterprises in the country’s economy. Similarly, rural entrepreneurship has the potential to stimulate the rural economy. The promotion of rural entrepreneurship can help to fulfil that potential, with creation of value for customers as one of the promotion initiatives. Institutions govern the value creation activities of enterprises. By focusing on the wood furniture industry, this research article analyses the influence of institutions on the value creation activities of rural Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Tanzania. The institution theory and the value chain model are its theoretical bases. The Mvomero district is the study area. Interviews and discussions are the data collection methods used in this qualitative study and 14 cases are analysed. The study finds that four institutional concerns influence the value creation activities of enterprises and these are: regulations compliance; regulations enforcement; regulations knowledge; and regulatory costs. However, the study excludes informal institutions. Its findings may be beneficial to stakeholders such as policymakers, development stakeholders, researchers – as well as rural MSEs.

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Jha, Veena, Badri G. Narayanan, Deepika Wadhwa, and Jean Tesche. "Economic and environmental effects of reduction in smoking prevalence in Tanzania." Tobacco Control 29, no. 1 (2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054635.

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BackgroundIn Tanzania, strong tobacco control measures that would lead to a reduction in prevalence (consumption) have so far not been implemented due to concern about possible economic effects on gross domestic product and employment. The aim of this study is to analyse the economic effects of reducing tobacco consumption in Tanzania.MethodsThe study uses computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling to arrive at the effects of decreasing tobacco prevalence. A full-fledged global CGE model was developed, including comprehensive details on tobacco and tobacco products/sectors using the Global Trade Analysis Program-Environment model and database.ResultsThe results indicate that a 30% reduction in prevalence could lead to employment losses of about 20.8% in tobacco and 7.8% in the tobacco products sector. However, when compensated by increases in other sectors the overall decline in employment is only 0.5%. The decline in the economy as a whole is negligible at −0.3%.ConclusionInitially, some assistance from the Tanzanian government may be needed for the displaced workers from the tobacco sector as a result of the decline in smoking prevalence. However, these results should be taken as a lower bound since the economic burden of diseases caused by tobacco may be far higher than the sectoral losses. The results do not include the health benefits of lower smoking prevalence. In addition, the revenues from higher taxes, as part of measures to decrease prevalence, would provide more fiscal space that can be used to finance assistance for displaced tobacco farmers and workers.

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Melita, Asantael Williams. "The Relationship between Tourism and Socio-Economic Aspects of the Maasai in Ngorongoro Conservation, Tanzania." Business and Management Horizons 2, no. 1 (2014): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v2i1.5860.

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Tourism Industry by its nature in the World, it is the trait that cannot be separated from the social life of the communities as it is practised on their territorial lands that they depend for their socio-economic aspects. That strong relationship has caused rapid growth of tourism activities to developing countries and led to new national and international expectations for tourism as an agent of socio-economic development. The World GDP contributions from tourism by 2013 grew to 3.1% and contribute to 101 million jobs, and in Tanzania total contribution to GDP was 12.7% where by contributed 4.9% direct and total employment contribution were 11.2% and 3.8% direct of the total employment. In Ngorongoro Conservation Area with a population of about 87,851 residents from Maasai, Datoga and Hadzabe tourism contributed to 92% of the total economy of the area where by 8% was from other sources and 48% total community economy and 29.2% direct to people and 9.7% of total employment. The findings revealed that major relationship of the tourism and socio-economic based on economic activities contributions (livestock services), Social services (education, healthy, culture and life style), resources ownerships and infrastructure developments. The paper considered community survey of 120 local residents from 4 wards of the NCA, examines whether tourism has direct relationship to the Socio-economic aspects of the residents of the area and the levels of the contributions to their development. I found that regardless a claimed little contribution to their economy; many people appreciated the social and economic changes related to the tourism of the area.

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Ferrall, Isa, Georg Heinemann, Christian von Hirschhausen, and Daniel M. Kammen. "The Role of Political Economy in Energy Access: Public and Private Off-Grid Electrification in Tanzania." Energies 14, no. 11 (2021): 3173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113173.

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Off-grid renewable energy sources are dramatically altering the energy landscape in countries with low energy access. While techno-economic perspectives are already widely discussed, the political economy is largely ignored, particularly regarding the institutions providing electricity. Two of many ways that the task of electrification can be framed are: (1) as the duty of the government to provide a basic service to its people, or (2) as a goods that can be purchased from private players in a market system. Electrification in our country of focus, Tanzania, has developed a promising off-grid market as an increasing number of private players have recently become active there. While grid extension is still a priority for the government, solar home systems, which are estimated to make up more than half of all new connections by 2030, get surprisingly less attention in terms of coordination, political support, and policy frameworks. This is despite the fact that the population is highly dispersed, making grid extension less suitable and more expensive than off-grid, decentralized systems. After an extensive literature review, our method applies a theory-embedded framework of institutional economics to the use of solar home systems for electrification in Tanzania and examines the realizations of the electricity provided. The framework defines key political economy criteria as drivers for energy access and evaluates their respective relevance. We then apply this framework to evaluate 20 selected projects, which have promoted solar home systems in rural off-grid areas in Tanzania since 2000. As a unique contribution to the literature, this research highlights the underappreciated influence of different institutional arrangements on the political economy landscape and on the electricity provided for rural electrification in sub-Saharan Africa.

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P. Bishagazi, Kaihula. "Determinants of Women’s Participation in the Industrial Economy in Tanzania: A Case of Mwanza Region." EAST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 (April to June 2021) (May 24, 2021): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2021v02i02.0087.

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This paper presents findings of an empirical study carried out to identify barriers and enablers of women’s participation in the industrial economy in Tanzania, using a case study of Mwanza region, using a cross-sectional design to examine determinants of women participation in the industrial economy in Tanzania. Particularly, a mixed approach involving both qualitative and quantitative data was adopted. Generally, the study reached out to a total of 228 women and 21 Key Informants drawn from 12 sampled wards from two districts of Nyamagana and Sengerema. Data collection involved mainly two approaches: primary data collection through survey, Key Informant Interviews (semi-structured), informal interviews, Focus Group Discussions and secondary data through desk review. The study revealed that limited access to financing information, lack of formal education, lack of entrepreneurial knowledge/skills and lack of marketing information are major barriers for women wishing to participate in the industrial economy. Moreover, membership in CBO and self-confidence are the main enablers of women participation in the industrial economy. Therefore, sensitization programs and establishment of Business Development Services (BDS) at ward levels would help women to access skills and services which will empower them to actively and successfully participate in the industrial economy.

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Jiménez, Alejandro, Fimbo F. Mtango, and Sandy Cairncross. "What role for local government in sanitation promotion? Lessons from Tanzania." Water Policy 16, no. 6 (2014): 1104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.203.

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Progress in rural access to sanitation is far behind agreed targets, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, new policies are being defined which shift the role of public investment from infrastructure to sanitation promotion, and give the responsibility of service delivery to local government. This paper analyses the role that local governments can have in sanitation promotion in this new framework. The implementation of the National Sanitation Campaign in Tanzania is analysed using the problem driven governance and political economy analysis methodology. Results show that direct implementation enhances local governments' commitment, but that not all functions carried out are suited to their capacities, motivations and constraints. The challenges identified emerge as a combination of technical weaknesses in the implementation of the adopted methodologies, the political economy of local governments, and the economic and social particularities of rural areas, which are similar to other countries across the region. Recommendations for a more effective service delivery model are made, balancing the role of local government between direct execution, coordination and supportive supervision. The fact of having a government programme with some direct implementation can bring about important differences in the national ownership of, and interest in rural sanitation, which are greatly needed.

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Moshi, Fabiola V., Elisa B. Vandervort, and Stephen M. Kibusi. "Cervical Cancer Awareness among Women in Tanzania: An Analysis of Data from the 2011-12 Tanzania HIV and Malaria Indicators Survey." International Journal of Chronic Diseases 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2458232.

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Background. Awareness about cervical cancer is a first step in the process of screening and early treatment. The purpose of this study was to provide better understanding of basic knowledge about cervical cancer among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. Method. Data were analyzed from the 2011-2012 Tanzania HIV and Malaria Indicators Survey (THMIS) and a sample of 5542 sexually active women from 15 to 49 years of age were included in the analysis. Results. Overall knowledge about cervical cancer was high among interviewed women. Only 30.9% of women had never heard about cervical cancer. The predictors of awareness were having secondary or more level of education (AOR = 3.257, 95% CI 2.328–4.557, p<0.001), residing in urban (AOR = 1.365, 95% CI 1.093–1.705, p<0.01), being affluent (AOR = 2.685, 95% CI 2.009–3.587, p<0.001), having one to four children (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.032–1.793), and age of 30–34 years (AOR = 3.15, 95% CI 2.353–4.220, p<0.001), 35–39 years (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.831–3.308, p<0.001), and 40–44 years (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI 2.497–4.784, p<0.001). Conclusion. While the cervical cancer landscape in Tanzania has evolved since this survey, coverage has not yet been achieved and access to cervical cancer prevention services for rural women and girls remains a concern. Women who were least likely to be aware of cervical cancer were rural women, less affluent women, those with limited education, and those with limited access to the formal economy. Arguably, these are the women who are most at risk for cervical cancer. To close this gap, Tanzania’s ongoing efforts to increase access to high-quality cervical cancer prevention services for all women at risk are commendable.

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Bangi, Yustin. "Towards Semi-Industrialized Economy in Tanzania: The Higher Learning Institutions-Industry Linkage." OALib 07, no. 12 (2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107038.

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