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Shule, Vicensia. "Sanaa kwa maendeleo Tanzania: kati ya kujiweza na kuwezwa." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-162799.
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Theatre for Development (TfD) is a process whereby the community uses theatre, especially African traditional theatre forms, to address their development issues. In Tanzania, TfD came as a result of many factors; poor communication approaches used by the state in addressing development in the late 1970s, the economic crisis of the 1970s, the implementation of IMF and World Bank pressure to adopt Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) among others. Liberal policies imposed mostly from Euro-America proposed non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to replace the state in addressing development, as they were perceived to be more democratic and less authoritative. Most of the supported activities of NGOs became those linked to development or that are in the position to bring about development in the fields of health, sanitation, education, gender, and democracy. Therefore, even theatre that was supported by donors was linked to or addressed ‘development’. In most cases, funding institutions have their own objectives, missions, and goals to fulfil. This paper tries to question the role of TfD in present Tanzania. It argues that, since most of the TfD projects have been funded by foreign donors and communities have no economic control of their own development concerns, it is clear that TfD is playing a double deal, community empowerment on the one hand and disempowerment on the other.
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Sonderstrup, Soren. "Film for Change, Communication Rights and Social Change in Tanzania." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21495.
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The thesis presents a view of film for change set against the manifold approaches, practices or ideologies influencing it, and analysis it as a tool for the self-representation, self-determination and mediation of marginalised people in the face of globalization and the democratization of communication. It seeks to find an answer to the question of how film for change works as a method to empower the disadvantaged inhabitants of three villages in Tanzania, where fieldwork was carried out. The thesis tracks down core parameters that connect the visual communication experience to the social reality and bear the potential to change it. The use of visual communication technology, interactive and horizontal communication practices, fictionalizations and empowerment strategies enable processes among spectators and participants that permit them to reframe or reconsider representations that they witness. Film for change potentially reaches beyond the community and through convergence with Web 2.0 into the much larger public sphere, nationally as well as globally. The thesis suggests that film for change should be adapted to the present day media environment as citizens’ media, whereby media users also become media producers and start broadcasting self-communicated alternatives to the images and interpretations produced by established media corporations that dominate the global flows of information. In this way film for change connects to the right to communicate and becomes a tool for citizens to influence power relations and advocate social change.
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Edmondson, Laura. "Popular theatre in Tanzania : locating tradition, woman, nation /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Kigombe, Novetha [Verfasser]. "On the management of Theatre Groups in Urban Tanzania / Novetha Kigombe." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1117028410/34.
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Lihamba, Amandina. "Politics and theatre in Tanzania after the Arusha Declaration : 1967-1984." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289801.
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Sakamoto, Kumiko. "Social development, culture, and participation : toward theorizing endogenous development in Tanzania /." Electronic version of summary Electronic version of examination, 2003. http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/gakui/gaiyo/3489.pdf.
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Boulay, Basile. "Essays on agricultural development in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52094/.
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This thesis is made of three self-contained essays on the agricultural sector of Tanzania, each of them focusing on an aspect of direct policy relevance. In the first essay, I study whether an inverse relationship exists between cultivated area and physical productivity (yield per acre) for a set of important annual crops. I define size as the area of a plot on which a crop is grown, thus introducing a more disaggregated level of analysis than the common plot or crop levels of analysis. I control for the existing hypotheses in the literature potentially explaining this inverse relationship and propose to control for two new hypotheses which are only testable at this level of analysis. In the second essay, I look at output marketing for a set of important crops. I stress the links between the market failure theoretical narrative and empirical applications, and argue this has resulted in less attention being paid to the reasons why farmers may enter -or not- the market for a particular crop. I estimate participation and supply equations for a set of important crops and show that the rationale for entry differs across crops. This calls for a more flexible conception of `the market'. The first two essays use the Tanzanian National Panel Surveys to conduct econometric analysis. The third essay is based on primary data collected in 2016 in order to carry analysis of the Bambara nut, an underutilised crop. Because underutilised crops hardly feature in national datasets, primary data is needed to understand their socio-economic dynamics. Focusing on the Mtwara region of Tanzania, I study the importance of Bambara for local livelihoods using a mixed-methods study based on both quantitative and qualitative data. This study contributes to the growing interest on underutilised crops and their importance in designing more sustainable agricultural strategies.
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Lazimah, John E. "Energy development strategies for sustainability and development in Tanzania." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/MQ42315.pdf.
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Maghimbi, Samuel Joseph. "Rural development policy and planning in Tanzania." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495951.
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The thesis examin~ rural development in Tanzania from the precolonial period to~present time. The work is a historical study. It is shown that the pre-colonial rural economies were prosperous in crops and animals. Disruption and decline of these economies commenced towards the end of the last century. Depopulation, war and disease contributed to the decline. Colonial agricultural, trading and trades licensing policies are shown to have contributed to the process of creating rural backwardness. Rural backwardness manifests itself basically as rural poverty. Colonial marketing policies which helped to marginalize the peasant economy are analysed. A description of land alienation policies and their consequences on the rural economy is made. Measures by the authorities to stimulate rapid economic change in rural areas by bypassing the peasants are investigated. The crisis of large scale mechanized farming is outlined. Attempts by the policy makers and planners to rediscover the peasant in the transformation approach to rural planning are examined. The attempts by the peasants to organize themselves to promote rural development and the problems associated with this organization are critically explored in relationship to the policy maker~ attempts to control and patronize the peasant economy. Government policies and plans including grand plans aimed at the peasant to bring rapid economic and social development in the countryside are critically evaluated. The level of development of the peasant economy is elaborated empirically. The theory is advanced that the backwardness of the peasant economy is a result of bad policies and plans and exploitation and misunderstanding of the peasant by other agencies like the state and marketing institutions. The family farm is investigated in comparison to the large scale mechanized state farm. The superiority of the family farm in organization and capacity to survive harsh market and technical conditions and to create jobs is demonstrated. A theory on peasant farming in Tanzania is constructed and a theory on the causes of rural backwardness is tested. The nature of the Tanzanian state and its relevance to rural development are investigated. The failure by the state to formulate and execute sound policies and plans on rural development is demonstrated. The conclusion is reached that in rural development the work of actual production at the farm level should be left to the peasant himself because he can do the job best and at lower costs and that the government should only concern itself with improving rural transport and marketing.
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Rukuni, Samuel. "Theatre-for-development in Zimbabwe : the Ziya Theatre Company production of Sunrise." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27465.
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This dissertation for the M.A. in Creative Writing consists of a full-length play, titled Last Laugh and a mini-dissertation. The mini-dissertation explores the phenomenon of Theatre-for-Development, which differs significantly from the performance tradition of classical African drama. The study identifies ways in which Theatre-for-Development practitioners, animators or catalysts, (interchangeable names given to agents who teach target community members theatre-for-development skills) abandon the conventions of classical African drama performances, in terms of the form of plays, stage management and costumes. They find different and less formal ways to tackle the social problems which the target communities experience. The origins of Classical African drama are traced from the western tradition, from which it borrows heavily, and there is some discussion of the socio-historical conditions that prevailed during the time when African playwrights performed those plays, and the rise of nationalism in colonised African states, which in part influenced their production. This study then examines how the socio-political dynamics in the Zimbabwean post-farm-invasions era gave rise to Theatre-for-Development projects in the newly resettled farming communities that faced social development challenges. Despite the land gains peasants enjoyed, the resettled communities found themselves in places far away from schools, hospitals, shops and social service centres. That was the source of their problems. It will be shown how government sponsored Theatre-for-Development groups to mobilise the people, through theatre, to initiate home-groomed solutions to their social and economic problems during a time when the government was bankrupt and the country’s economy was shattered by the destruction of the agricultural and mining sectors, triggered by the invasions of the white commercial farms. The Ziya Community Theatre’s production of Sunrise is analysed in the light of these considerations.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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Chande, Abdin Noor. "Islam, Islamic leadership and community development in Tanga, Tanzania." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39277.
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This study which focusses on a coastal Swahili society, examines the economic, political and social evolution of the Tangan Muslim community through the various phases of its history. The study pays specific attention to the role played by religious leaders, whether as competitors, or simply as madrasa teachers in a community with a tradition of Islamic scholarship. At the macro-level, the relationship between various Muslim organizations and the state also receives our scrutiny. This is done through analysis of the educational system and its structuring of the social order. Finally, we assess the views of the Tangan religious leadership regarding religion and society against a general discussion of intra-religious issues and political developments in the country, thereby achieving a better understanding of Islam in contemporary Tanzania.
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Emami, I. "The evolution of traditional theatre and the development of modern theatre in Iran." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381673.
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Chonjo, P. N. "Secondary technical education and industrial development in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356688.
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Potts, David J. "Policy Reform and the Economic Development of Tanzania." Bradford Centre for International Development, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3031.
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This paper reviews the long-term economic performance of Tanzania since independence using long-term series of key economic and social indicators constructed from a variety of sources. The disastrous export performance for most of the period under consideration can be attributed partly to domestic policy failures and partly to a hostile external environment. However inconsistent donor support to a highly aid dependent economy at times exacerbated the constraints imposed by persistent foreign exchange shortages. Greater stability in funding and a more flexible policy dialogue are needed. The extent to which a small and poor economy with a weak indigenous private sector can rely on foreign private investment to finance investment in the early stages of adjustment is questioned. Investment in human capital beyond primary school level is also needed if growth is to be sustained.
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Dlamini, Betty Sibongile. "Women and theatre for development in Swaziland." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28833/.
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This thesis explores women and theatre for development in Swaziland. It focuses on how theatre for development is used as a tool in the development of women. Firstly, I examine the key concepts used throughout the thesis and I pay special attention to Theatre for Development. In the second chapter, I give an account of the country's history and pay special attention to the social status of women. In chapter 3, I examine the various forms of performance found in Swaziland and how they impact on the development of Swazi women. In the fourth chapter, I consider the evolution of literary practice in Swaziland and discuss two play-texts in English by H.I.E Dhlomo, a key literary figure and pioneer playwright of modem black drama in South Africa. I explore A Witch in My Heart by Hilda Kuper, a white anthropologist who lived in Swaziland in the mid twentieth century, and lastly. The Paper Bride by Zodwa Motsa, a contemporary Swazi writer. Next, in chapter 5, 1 investigate the first phase of Theatre for Development in Swaziland where non-governmental organizations, the Swazi Government and independent individuals worked together using Theatre for Development in Swazi communities. I consider first the workshops initiated by the youth. In chapter 6, I give an account of workshops involving whole communities and the kudliwa inhloko ebandla, a workshop that involved men only. In all these workshops 1 examine how they impacted on the development of women. I then conclude with a discussion of the findings of the study and their implications for the development of women.
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Kifukwe, Gwamaka Robert. "The geography of development experts in Tanzania : 1992-2007." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582003.
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This thesis uses a nuanced understanding of 'experts' to understand the changes to Tanzania's development decision-making framework. The purpose of Development is understood not only as alleviating poverty and encouraging economic growth, but also the spread of an increasingly global (and standardised) Development apparatus. For their part, experts are being (re-)produced in developing countries, like Tanzania, while conventions, benchmarks and leadership - such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Paris Declaration - are shifting to the global scale. This embeds the concept of experts into the social, economic and political fabric of developing areas. These are self-disciplining agents that draw inspiration and motivation from global discourse and act as channels for filtering data and methods between the local and the global. The argument is made that what constitutes an expert, ultimately defines what constitutes Development and sets the trajectory for Tanzania's development. As a politically stable African country, which has also enjoyed uninterrupted economic growth since the mid-1990s, Tanzania provides a unique setting to understand the emergence of experts in the context of a developing country. Analysis of official documentation, Government Acts, Development publications on and from Tanzania was supplemented by interviews and observation 'experts' in Tanzania. Three field trips led to over fifty interviews with representatives from various public bodies, as well as members of the Development Partners Group. The thesis also draws on the experience of growing up in Tanzania during much of the research period in a household that was both directly and indirectly involved in Development efforts. The research found that 'Development' interventions are multi-scalar and seem to be aimed at eliminating 'donor dependency syndrome', but appear to be replacing it with a kind of 'expert dependency syndrome'. Much of the Development efforts of the 1992 -2007 period have been about establishing legitimate and credible institutions and authorities on different 'themes' of Development. This is explored through analysis of two non-governmental organisations (NGOs): Research on Poverty Alleviation (REPOA) and the Tanzania Gender Networking Programme (TGNP). While expert (re-)production sites exist in Tanzania they draw on global development discourse leading to an increased global vision of Modernity, influenced heavily by the Western Development experience.
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Mushi, Philemon A. K. "Origins and development of adult education innovations in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315518.
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Curtis, Grant Anthony Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Self-reliance or dependence; Tanzania and foreign development assistance." Ottawa, 1987.
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Silwal, Ani Rudra. "Three essays on agriculture and economic development in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/60107/.
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One cannot study poverty in Tanzania without understanding the agricultural sector, which employs more than two-thirds of the population and accounts for nearly a quarter of national GDP. This thesis examines three themes that focus on the difficulties that rural Tanzanians face in achieving a reasonable livelihood: the adverse legacy of a failed historical policy, a difficult climate, and market failures. The first empirical chapter examines the legacy of the villagization program that attempted to transform the predominantly agricultural and rural Tanzania. Between 1971 and 1973, the majority of rural residents were moved to villages planned by the government. This essay examines if the programs e↵ects are persistent and have had a long-run legacy. It analyzes the impact of exposure to the program on various outcome measures from recent household surveys. The primary finding of this study is that households living in districts heavily exposed to the program have worse measures of various current outcomes. The second empirical chapter examines the role of reliability of rainfall, which is important in Tanzania as agriculture is predominantly rain-fed and a small fraction of plots are irrigated. This chapter investigates if households cope with this major risk to income by re-allocating their labor supply between agriculture, wage labor, and self-employment activities. This chapter combines data on labor allocation of households within and outside of agriculture from the National Panel Survey with high-resolution satellite-based rainfall data not previously used in this literature. The primary finding of this study is that households allocate more family labor to agriculture in years of good rainfall and more labor to self-employment activities in years of poor rainfall. Market failures are often cited as a rationale for policy recommendations and government interventions. The third chapter implements four tests of market failures suggested in the literature, all of which rely on the agricultural household model but di↵er in how market failures are manifested. The common finding of these tests is that market failures exist in agricultural factor markets in Tanzania, although significant heterogeneity exists. Markets are more likely to fail in rural areas, remote locations, and are more likely to affect female-headed households. Households are also more likely to face market failure when they try to supply labor to the market than when they try to hire labor from the market.
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Mwaikokesya, Mpoki John. "Undergraduate students' development of lifelong learning attributes in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5018/.
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This thesis examines the extent to which undergraduate students‟ personal and institutional experiences influence their capacity to change and develop as lifelong learners in Tanzania. My interest in the topic grew out of my recognition of the need to maintain a critical eye on the purpose of higher education in Tanzania and to establish whether or not the recent education reforms introduced in higher education had had a robust impact on lifelong learning. The core question in this study was to determine whether or not university education in Tanzania develops students as lifelong learners and what the underlying factors influencing such development might be. The students‟ lifelong learning attributes in this thesis were operationalised using four major constructs, namely, „learning to learn‟ skills, „personal agency‟, „information skills‟ and „entrepreneurial skills‟. This study adopted a case study longitudinal research design that involved two waves of data collection with the use of a mixed methods approach for triangulation purposes. It involved following a sample first-year cohort of students at one of the public universities in Tanzania (n=839, i.e. 621 males and 218 females) through Year 2. A small number of participants (n=59) [i.e. students (n=23), lecturers (n=26), librarians (n=4), policy elites (n=3) and school deans & college principals (n= 4)] took part in semi-structured interviews. The sample of students and lecturers was drawn from four distinct academic disciplines, namely, Accounting, Engineering, Science and Sociology. The results with respect to the longitudinal study showed that there were significant changes in the ILS sub-scales of „stepwise processing‟ strategies and „certificate-directed‟ and the ‘self-test‟ learning orientations. Significant changes were also noted in the ISS sub-scales of ‘ethical use of information‟, „accessing information‟ and „evaluating information‟. These changes, however, seemed to occur relatively slowly. No improvements were found with regard to „entrepreneurial skills‟. The slow rate and the absence of changes, however, seemed to be partly the results of the unclear, limited and somewhat slow implementation of policies related to the integration of higher education with lifelong learning. iv The findings also indicated that there were effects from personal and contextual factors on „processing‟ and „regulation‟ learning strategies for some of the constructs. The correlation results indicated that the students‟ personal beliefs were associated with their choice of processing and regulation strategies, suggesting that learning orientations were important predictors of students‟ processing and regulation learning strategies. In addition, the results showed that the contextual variables, such as lecturers, the teaching objectives and assessment procedures, as well as the social environments, such as friends, constituted significant predictors for student development of lifelong learning attributes. These findings suggest that the undergraduate students‟ development of lifelong learning attributes is influenced by a variety of individual and contextual variables. In the light of the findings from the present study, a number of recommendations are made both for future studies and for policy.
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Hoeane, Masitha. "New directions in theatre-for-development in Lesotho." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436093.
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Preston, Sheila. "Theatre for development in context : exploring the possibilities and contradictions of visions of theatre and development within the action of community." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341380.
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This study is research into practice, concerned with locating a critical perspective into the possibilities of drama in achieving sustainable development within communities. This qualitative research approach draws on action-research paradigms, ethnographic techniques and drama methodologies to create in depth analysis of the facilitation and action of community drama within case study contexts. The case study contexts were drawn from the field of mental health provision and the context of self-advocacy for people with learning difficulties. Drama and video workshops were facilitated within these groups between periods of 9 - 18 months. Participants were involved from three groups including a women's group and a male orientated group within mental health provision, and a group for young adults with learning difficulties within a self advocacy project. This thesis contributes to knowledge in the field of Theatre for Development and UK community based drama in the following ways: The thesis suggests that previous assumptions and claims as to the 'success' of community drama projects need closer, critical interrogation. Analysis of the field work reveals that 'visions' of theatre and development face conflict when positioned in context, as both the nature and action of community is itself contested and ambivalent. The relationship of the facilitator role to other involved parties is given specific interrogation. The role and persona of the facilitator as a key player is identified, and demonstrated as such throughout the thesis through adoption of self-reflexive strategies of writing. It becomes clear that the radical, pedagogic intent of the drama process to foster collective ownership through the critical addressing and the representation of issues pertinent to a group's social reality, is questioned by those involved at various levels in the process. In exploring the nature of drama and video representations as resistance and intervention, sites of personal resistance and 'counter' interventions are illuminated. However, the reality of resistance is also bound up within the complexity of identity politics where the consequences of 'coming out' and accepting a label can become both a liberatory and oppressive experience. In chapter eight the continual difficulty of sustainability is examined and critiqued in the light of key issues identified within the previous chapters. Finally, the thesis assesses the substantive issues in relation to current discourses in cultural theory. By resisting opportunities to prescribe models and techniques thus reproducing the discourses critiqued this study culminates with optimism. Developing creative frameworks, that genuinely engage with contradiction and the complicated politics of context, are deemed as critical conditions for practices.
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Mpanda, Samson. "Geological development of the East African coastal basin of Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologi och geokemi, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-48370.
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The East African coastal basin of Tanzania, which is characterised by an extensional tectonic style, is located along the passive continental margin of the western Indian Ocean. The present study is concerned with the Mafia Island and the Mafia Channel which together form a subbasin within the north-south elongated coastal sedimentary basin of Tanzania. In the time interval from late Paleozoic to Recent, the passive margin of the region was subjected to a three-fold geological development, namely the Karoo rifting phase (1) which is characterised by extensional tectonics, the Gondwana break-up and opening of the Somali basin (2) which was contemporaneous with the movement of Madagascar off the east African coast in the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic East African rift system (3). This structural framework made provision to the basin deposition history. The development started with the deposition of the continental, terrigenous, Karoo sequence in the Upper Permian to Lower Jurassic. The Karoo deposition was followed by a series of transgressions and regressions under full marine conditions which started in the Middle Jurassic and continued into the Tertiary. The deposits include marine marls, detrital limestones, fossiliferous shales and calcareous sandstones, reaching in places thicknesses of more than 4000 m of Mesozoic, and more than 6000 m of Cenozoic, sediments. Seismostratigraphic techniques applied in the Mafia Channel and Island identified five deposition sequences separated by regional unconformity surfaces i.e. sequence boundaries. Including the pre-Upper Cretaceous sequence they are; the Upper Cretaceous to Middle Eocene sequence (DS I), the Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene sequence (DS II), the Lower Miocene to Pliocene sequence (DS III), and the Pliocene to Recent sequence (DS IV). In the Mafia Channel up to 6000 m of sediments are present. Their ages range from Middle Eocene to Quaternary. The deposits start with marine shales which are overlain by carbonate rocks of Upper Eocene . These carbonates are in the present investigation regarded as the acoustic basement in the central and northern parts of the study area. On top of Upper Eocene carbonates, deltaic and shallow marine sediments are deposited. Southwards in the Channel, the sequences are located at shallower depths which makes it possible to trace also the Upper Cretaceous sequence with confidence. On the Mafia Island, the deposition on top of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) acoustic basement mainly includes deltaic sandstones, followed by intercalations of carbonate and argillaceous rocks. The structural framework reflects the different tectonic regimes which prevailed in the area. Above the acoustic basement structural elements of Mafia Channel and Island are interpreted as originating from the superimposition of the Cenozoic East African rifting event, and from the uplifts of the mainland coast and Mafia Island during Late Eocene time. As a result the central part collapsed and formed an asymmetric sag structure in the channel. These elements are seismically identified and subdivided as (from northwest to southeast), the Dar-es-Salaam Platform Offshore, the Central Mafia Channel and the Mafia Island Rise. These domains are separated by respective NE-SW major faults (MF1, MF2 and MF3) and can be demonstrated in the profiles which run in a NW-SE direction. With respect to petroleum potential, the Mafia Channel and Island indicate a considerable content. Three hydrocarbon plays are introduced, namely; 1) the Neocomian regressive sands of Songosongo play 2) the Upper Eocene limestone and 3) the Upper Oligocene turbidites.
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Mollel-Blakely, Delois Ǹaewoaanǵ. ""Education for self-reliance" / education and national development in Tanzania /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10909187.
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Thesis (Ed.D)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1990.Includes appendices. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: William C. Sayres. Dissertation Committee: Paul Byers. Bibliography: leaves 208-222.
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Yngstrom, Ingrid. "Gender, land and development in Tanzania : rural Dodoma, 1920-1996." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325172.
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Mtoni, Paul E. "A compensatory framework for sustainable development : the case of Tanzania." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5699.
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Development projects, such as plantations and infrastructure improvements, provide benefits for people at the regional and national scales. They can also result in negative impacts and costs borne by some members of society. Projects are deemed worthwhile if overall welfare is enhanced and, in principle, the gainers could compensate the losers. In this respect, compensation is an important measure or method of redistribution of benefits and costs between the gainers and losers in the context of development projects. It is also a potential strategy for addressing concerns of social justice, fairness, equity and disputes through negotiation. This research explores the potential use of compensation for promoting the sustainability of development projects and rural livelihoods in the context of developing economy, namely Tanzania. The literature review and exploratory visits to the study area revealed relevant theories, concepts and practical issues of compensation. An innovative framework that integrates the Coase theorem, Millennium ecosystem approach and the concepts of sustainable livelihoods was developed and used in assessing and analysing compensation practices of two project case studies. The research adapted a case study strategy for studying compensation in its geographical settings. Tanzania was used as the country case from which the teak and gaspipeline projects were selected as project case studies. One village in each project area was selected for detailed study. Key informants and focus group interviews provided initial insights into project impacts and compensation regimes. Twelve in-depth case studies were carried out on affected households. Key sustainability issues pertinent to compensation, people’s livelihoods and projects were verified using a questionnaire survey that involved 120 households. Other two surveys were carried out to collect views on compensation views in Tanzania from project developers and service providers. Triangulation of research methods, tools and sources of information enhanced quality of both qualitative and quantitative information. Cont/d.
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Mogella, Cosmas A. Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Local administration reforms for rural development in Tanzania 1962-1982." Ottawa, 1987.
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Ollas, Fredrik, and Mattias Kling. "Analys av ett mikronät vid Ihushi Development Center i Tanzania." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-23625.
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Denna studie omfattar en undersökning om hur ett hybridnät har fungerat, i detta fall Ihushi Development Center som ligger I Tanzania. De mätningar som har gjorts, har följt en standard för att kunna universellt användas vid en fortsatt studie eller direkt kunna användas för att jämföras med andra hybridnät med liknande uppsättning och förutsättningar. Under arbetets gång så har en ny modell tagits fram för att smidigt kunna analysera rådata och uträkning av de nödvändiga parametrarna. Detta underlättar även kommande arbeten kring detta hybridnät. Det har också blivit en typ av simulering då det har funnits många olika typer av utspridda och kontinuerliga fel som har behövts hanteras. Dessa värden har då behövts uppskattats utifrån olika källor och metoder, för att sedan användas. Det har sedan räknats ut effektiviteter och prestanda på olika delar i systemet som sedan kommenteras och kan direkt användas för en utvärdering i en framtida studie. Dessa resultat har bitvis jämförts med tidigare utvärdering men då det saknats information från föregående rapport så har en fullständig jämförelse och slutsats inte varit möjlig.This study covers a research about how a micro-grid have performed, and in this specific case at Ihushi Development Center in Tanzania. The Measurements that have been made, have followed a standard to be able to be used as a universal data for future studies or just directly be comparable to other micro-grids with a similar rig and conditions. During the study, a new model have been created to easily analyze the raw data and perform the necessary calculations, which also is of high value in coming work on this micro-grid. There have also been some simulations done due to the vast amount of errors that have been both scattered and continuously appearing, this had to be taken care of and the values needed have been extracted and estimated from other sources and methods. Efficiencies and performances have been calculated for different parts of the system and have been commented so they can in a fair way be used for an evaluation or a future study. These results have partially been compared with the previous evaluations, but due to missing data in the previous report, a complete comparison and conclusion have not been possible.
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Moser, Annalise. "Performing development : theatre and development with women in grassroots organisations, Lima, Peru." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415437.
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Stockil, Emily. "Development, belonging and change : a study of a community theatre-for-development initiative in KwaZulu-Natal." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8166.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-86).
This dissertation seeks to address issues related to community change within the field of Theatre-for development. It proposes and then investigates various ways in which a community may seek to retain a sense of collective ideology in the light of both positive and negative developmental change, as promulgated by agents outside their community. Chapter one, Introduction, begins by introducing the reader both to the fieldwork project and the community, Khethani township, in which the masters degree filedwork was undertaken. It was this fieldwork which prompted the research enquiry covered by this dissertation, to which the reader is introduced. It delineates the research methodologies of both the fieldwork project and this dissertation, and positions the writer in relation to this study. The initial aim of the fieldwork project was to do a practical enquiry into the methods of workshop theatre and the development of a distinct theatre aesthetic that emerges from a community as a result of workshop theatre practices. Having completed the fieldwork project and having considered the results of the initial fieldwork aims a larger research enquiry developed as to the role of workshop theatre within the broader context of community development and this has now become the focus of this dessertation.
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Mndolwa, Florence D. "Determinants of gender disparities in financial inclusion: insights from Tanzania." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27332.
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This study uses a nationally representative sample of individuals from Finscope survey 2013 to empirically investigate the determinants of gender disparities in financial inclusion in Tanzania. Using logit regression, the study tests whether an individual's gender affects financial inclusion. Subsequently the study evaluates the relationship between individual's characteristics and the uptake of financial services and products by gender. The results provide evidence to suggest that gender disparities in financial inclusion are only prevalent in the uptake to formal savings and formal credit but not access to formal financial accounts and mobile money accounts. Being a woman decreases the likelihood of saving while increasing the likelihood of borrowing at a formal financial institution by 17% and 2% respectively. Gender disparities in financial inclusion in Tanzania are caused by women being poorer, less educated, less employed, and more dependent than men. More women than men have no formal education hence decreasing their likelihood of accessing formal financial accounts by 58.4%. Employment is the strongest determinant increasing women's financial inclusion by 25% however fewer women are formally employed. While women have a higher propensity to save than men, they lack independence to make financial decisions, have lower financial and digital literacy and have lower mobile phone ownership to access mobile money accounts. The study recommends the Tanzania National Council for Financial Inclusion (TNCFI) to; incorporate gender targets in the financial sector and encourage gender mainstreaming in other sectors; and through engagement with other stakeholders, scale up informal financial services by integrating them with digital platforms to increase access to formal accounts. Finally, it is recommended that TNCFI boosts implementation of the National Financial Education Framework in efforts to increase women's financial capabilities and empower them to take up formal financial services.
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Msulwa, Baraka. "The impact of credit constraints on agricultural productivity in Tanzania." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20085.
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This paper uses a nationally representative sample of agricultural businesses in Tanzania to empirically investigate the determinants of credit constraint status and its impact on agricultural productivity. In particular, we directly elicit the nature of the credit constraints experienced by crop producers. Subsequently, we evaluate the effect on crop output value per hectare using an endogenous switching regression model, which simultaneously estimates the likelihood of being credit constrained and its impact on productivity. The results provide evidence that the relaxation of all credit constraints would significantly enhance agricultural productivity; hence, contributing favourably to rural development, poverty alleviation, and the improvement of living standards in Tanzania. Moreover, consideration of only quantity constraints was shown to underestimate the full impact of credit constraint status in the presence of transaction costs and risk constraints. We advocate for the Tanzanian agricultural policy framework to adopt a broader definition of credit constraint status in pursuit of agricultural and economic development.
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Logan, McCall. "QUEER, FEMINIST THEATRE: THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF SAVAGE DAUGHTER." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2891.
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This thesis details the development of Savage Daughter, a full-length play performed over Zoom on March 18th, 2021. Savage Daughter tells the story of queer and BIPOC (Black and Indigenous People of Color) characters who fight for their right to exist in a world controlled by white, cisgender, Christian males. Centering on themes of midwifery, witch trials, and queerness, my play follows Constance’s journey of empowerment. Chapter one provides background information about witchcraft, midwifery, setting, and character development. Chapter two outlines my writing process and the first two workshop readings of the script. Chapter three describes the pre-production which includes casting, design meetings, meetings with the director, and rehearsals. Chapter four analyzes the production and future considerations. Finally, chapter five outlines my experience in the program and my growth as a playwright.
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McLoughlin, Stephen Andrew. "Reckoning without the African : British development policy in Tanganyika, 1925-1950." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308972.
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Jackson, Lisa Kathleen. "The Theatre That Will Be: 'Devised Theatre' Methodologies and Aesthetics in Training and Practice." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1461.
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This thesis details my process of teaching Devising Theatre, a course of my own design, in Spring of 2005 and Fall of 2005. I address my curricular development from semester to semester (readings, assignments, assessments) as well as the students' responses to the material. Additionally, I discuss my reasons for teaching the course and the place that alternative theatre can and should have in theatre training programs and in the realization of feminist pedagogy.
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Iacobellis, Laurren. "Through the Hourglass: New Play Development at Tarragon and Nightswimming." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23538.
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This study proposes and tests a model for play development analysis, which offers a framework and a vocabulary for cataloguing the working parts of play development initiatives. When scholars analyze a completed play text, there are several useful categories available with which to organize observations, including space and time, character, dialogue, plot and story, genre, and spectacle. Such basic categories have been lacking in the analysis of play development and dramaturgy practice. In order to create a framework for analysis, the hourglass model for play development analysis proposes the basic categories of source, perspective, leadership, company modelling, choice of form, conditions of creation (including assumed theatrical conventions), design, given and anticipated consequences, and reception.
The three case studies included in this project demonstrate the uses and limitations of the analysis model for new play development and its categories. The Whispering Pines play development process at Nightswimming and the processes experienced by the participants in the 2011 Tarragon Playwright’s Unit both fit easily into the hourglass, largely because they employ traditional roles in the play development process without challenging established hierarchies and because both resulted in play texts; Nightswimming’s Rough House, as a devised piece, challenges the model and demonstrates its flexibility in dealing with non-traditional forms of theatre-making. By providing grounds for comparison between these three markedly different models, the hourglass teases out a number of productive contrasts between text-based and devised theatre.
The model which I propose and test in this study has been designed to introduce a formal, pragmatic methodology to the heretofore anecdotal field of scholarship on English-Canadian dramaturgy and new play development. Its formation is indebted to and embedded within the scholarship which has come before. The pragmatic model is proposed as a methodological framework for analysis that has yet to be employed in scholarship on dramaturgy practice and new play development in particular. In my analysis of three play development initiatives, I identify the common elements inherent in each development setting and, by using the same methodology to understand each process I uncover the formative elements unique to each process. The uniquely structured analysis contributes to existing scholarship by illustrating how new play development serves or does not serve the playwright, how the relationship between dramaturg and writer affect the process, and to what extent the realities of each development model in question do or do not serve the needs of each project. The thorough analysis afforded by the model tests the three tenets of play development identified by scholarship on development dramaturgy and illuminates the inner workings of the development initiatives which are particular to each case study.
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Kiwia, Janbert. "River resources towards Sustainable Development of Tanzania. : A contribution of Hydropower tothe energy security in Tanzania: Case study, Rufiji River basin." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207912.
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This paper sets out: How river resources can be used towards a sustainable development of Tanzania, the case ofthe Rufiji River Basin. The study focuses on the role of hydropower at present and in the future, in the context ofeconomic growth and sustainability and meeting the energy demand in Tanzania.Take into consideration that hydropower is still the major source of electricity that Tanzania relies on. Tanzaniahas been struggling with one of the lowest electricity rates in sub-Saharan Africa where on average less than 15percent of the Tanzanian population has access to electricity.Tanzania faces a major challenge to provide more than 85 percent of the remaining population with electricity,which will require big investment and expertise. Electricity and energy in general seem to take fore debate andnews spots in the country because it reaches a point where even those accessing electricity still suffer withsevere energy rationing. In this project, different development implications regarding hydropower production inthe country were addressed through in depth literature review from different academic sources, and a surveywhich was conducted through questionnaires, a field trip and interviews to identify not only people’s opinionsand feelings concerning the situation, but also to find out if they propose any optimal sustainable solution forremedying the problem, which hinders the socio-economic development of the country. The analysis shows thatTanzania can produce enough hydropower to meet the energy demand if hydropower was improved as one of thesources of energy. The clear picture shows that the potential of the Rufiji River basin is not fully exploited due tothe lack of an integrated approach on achieving the best solutions for Tanzanian energy, inappropriatetechnology and poor allocation of funds.Moreover the indication illustrates that hydropower has an important role to play in the future if the potentialtapped in an area was endowed with considerable benefits to an integrated electric system. For that case, thepaper attributes that hydropower production can contribute to the energy security in Tanzania. On the other handthe paper argues that other renewable options such as solar and wind power in a country like Tanzania shouldn’tbe separated but rather go hand in hand in research and consideration. The theory derived in this project statesthat ‘‘River Basins remain a largely untapped resource for poverty alleviation in Tanzania’’.
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De, Haan Nicoline C. "Stocking rural livelihoods : social capital, goats and development projects in Tanzania /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962517.
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Mushala, Daniel N. "An analysis of socialist development in Tanzania from 1961 to 1985." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1997. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3729.
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This thesis examined former president of Tanzania Julius Nyerere's development philosophy which rejected Marxist-Leninism for traditional African emphasis on communal living, decentralized decision making, and self-reliance. Through the Arusha Declaration, the commitment to socialism and self-reliance (1Ujamaa na Kujitegemea) was introduced. The purpose of this study is to analyze Tanzania's form of Socialist Development based on Ujamaa na Kujitegemea, African socialism and self-reliance, as stated in the Arusha Declaration. A comparison analysis approach was used to examine data from 1961 to 1985 to ascertain whether or not Tanzania was able to achieve Kujitegemea or self-reliance. Kujitegemea is the variable that will be used to measure the success rate of socialist development in Tanzania from 1961 to 1985. The data were obtained from Africa South of the Sahara 1986 and 1994. The Statesman's Year-Book. Country Profile - Tanzania. World Tables A World Bank Book, the 1986 and 1990 World Population Data Sheet and The Europa Year Book 1963 and 1986. The first criterion for judging the success of Ujamaa 's performance was operationalized by the Quality Life Index (QLI) which has three prime indicators: infant mortality, life expectancy, and the level of literacy. The second criterion used for judging Ujamaa's success was based on orthodox economics. Orthodox economics, also, has prime indicators: gross national product (GNP), gross domestic product (GDP), trade balance and the growth of national budgets. The researcher found that although Ujamaa na Kujitegemea was successful in terms of the QLI, in orthodox economic terms, Ujamaa na Kujitegemea was not very successful in reaching self-reliance. The conclusion drawn from the analysis suggests that factors outside of Tanzania's control had a major impact on the economy.
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Nichols-Belo, Amy. "Globalization On the Ground: Health, Development, and Volunteerism in Meatu, Tanzania." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42860.
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AHEAD (Adventures in Health, Education, and Agricultural Development) is a small grass-roots non-governmental organization working in the rural Meatu, District in Northern Tanzania. The AHEAD project employs Tanzanian nurses who provide health education, child weighing and nutritional counseling, family planning, and antenatal services. AHEAD has recently developed a water quality testing initiative in order to combat unsafe water supplies using solar pasteurization. Dr. Robert Metcalf, an AHEAD volunteer offers â expertiseâ to Meatu through transfer of solar cooking technology. Each summer, AHEAD takes volunteers into this setting who bring with them both â altruisticâ and non-altruistic reasons for volunteering, economic and social capital, and a taste of the world beyond Meatu.
This thesis looks at the Summer 2001 AHEAD experience ethnographically from three perspectives: 1) as public health practice, 2) in relation to the contested domain of international â developmentâ , and 3) situated within the larger literature of non-profit and volunteer action research. These three snapshots of AHEAD suggest a project of globalization, theorized as the flow of people, goods, and information across boundaries.Master of Science
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Jennings, Michael Thomas. "Surrogates of the state : Oxfam and development in Tanzania, 1961-79." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287484.
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Kamukwamba, Mwansa. "The development of industrial relations in the Tanzania Zambia railway authority." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629927.
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This thesis is about the development of industrial relations in a bi-national organization jOintly owned and managed by two contracting states with different historical, political, economic and social backgrounds. The importance of the research comes from recent economic and political developments relating to countries forming regional political and economic groupings, such as the European Union, African Union and ASEAN. It is envisaged that these developments wi" lead to bi-national organizations as common forms of business organizations (e.g. Euro Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France), hence the need to develop industrial relations systems which will cater for such organizations. The research focuses on the development of industrial relations in the Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority, jointly owned and managed by two African states: the United Republic of Tanzania and the Republic of Zambia. The research was carried out within the phenomenological paradigm, focusing on the actors in industrial relations. The study reveals that industrial relations in a bi-national organization are highly influenced by national political and economic pressures and are therefore responsive to national industrial relations systems. This conclusion confirms the generally accepted belief that the establishment of a single and distinct collective bargaining system in a multinational organization is highly problematic due to countries' political, economic and social differences (Northrup and Rowan 1979, TAZARA Salary Disparity Committee 1991). This thesis contributes to the existing academic knowledge in five ways. It draws attention to industrial relations in bi-national organizations as an area of industrial relations which needs further investigation. It provides rich empirical data on the structure, practices and outcomes of industrial relations in a bi-national organization. Unlike the traditional comparative approach to industrial relations, which is concerned with comparing two systems rather than their results, this study has integrated the industrial relations systems of the two contracting states by developing a collective bargaining model. It introduces an approach to industrial relations which is concerned with understanding the integration of two national industrial relations systems to establish a bi-national system. Fina"y it shows that with the involvement of a" the actors in the industrial relations process it may be possible to develop a framework through which bi-national industrial relations systems can be developed
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Mazigo, Almas Fortunatus. "Towards an alternative development ethic for the fishing sector of Ukerewe District, Tanzania." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96739.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was prompted by the increasing vulnerability and impoverishment of local fishing folk in Ukerewe District in Tanzania in the midst of the potential of the fishing sector to generate wealth and the many capable actors and stakeholders who can provide essential services and opportunities that can help the fishing folk to overcome their challenges and improve their lot in generating wealth. Taking the view that some forms of poverty have their roots in the moral system of the people, institutions and organisations involved, and considering the call made by Tanzania’s Second National Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction to key actors and stakeholders to design and implement interventions that would improve the chances of poor actors to generate wealth, this study aimed to discover what would motivate capable actors and stakeholders in the fishing sector of Ukerewe District to do so. The study asked whether there are ethical values and principles that have the potential to inspire and guide capable actors and stakeholders to reconsider the fate of constrained local actors, and to make a responsible commitment to address their constraining conditions, as well as to determine how these ethical ideas, if any, can be explicated, formulated and implemented. Empirical research was undertaken in Ukerewe District from October 2012 to March 2013. It followed an applied ethics case study methodology, combined with focus groups, life narratives and in-depth individual interviews. Three hundred and ten local actors and stakeholders in the fishing sector of Ukerewe were engaged in progressive stages of critical self-reflection and dialogue within and between particular stakeholder groups. These 310 participants reflected and deliberated on what constituted the poverty of local actors, what it would take to overcome that poverty and what would motivate capable actors and stakeholders to combat that poverty. The collected evidence led to the establishment of the following: First, the fishing sector offers adequate opportunities to invest in and work to generate income and goods to improve socio-economic conditions. Second, local fishing folk fall into poverty because they are constrained from generating wealth. Third, the local fishing folk could improve their capacities to generate wealth and overcome their poverty through expanded opportunities to acquire and use the relevant competence, efficient productive forces and fisheries infrastructure, formal financial credit and insurance services. Fourth, fulfilling institutional and professional obligations, contributing to possible good consequences and preventing possible bad consequences in the life of the local fishing folk, the fishing sector, their own organisations and society, and showing care for, respect to and solidarity with local fishing folk would motivate most capable actors and stakeholders to undertake pro-poor actions in the fisheries sections. Based on what the respondents revealed to value and what they wanted to achieve in their fishing sector, an alternative development ethic, namely the Sufficient Capabilities and Wealth Ethic (SUCAWE), was constructed. The SUCAWE offers insightful and empowering moral resources for self-management and for the management of multiple actors and stakeholders in wealth creation and the combating of poverty.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ontstaan uit die toenemende weerloosheid en verarming van die plaaslike vissersgemeenskap van die Ukerewe Distrik in Tanzania te midde van die potensiaal van die visserysektor om welvaart te skep, en die vele agente en belanghebbendes wat in staat is daartoe om noodsaaklike dienste en geleenthede te voorsien wat kan help dat die visserygemeenskap hulle uitdagings oorkom en hulle lot verbeter deur welvaart te skep. Uitgaande van die standpunt dat sekere vorme van armoede wortel in die morele sisteem van die mense, instellings en organisasies betrokke, en met in ag neming van die oproep wat aan sleutelagente en belanghebbendes gerig is met Tanzania se Second National Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction om ingrepe te ontwerp en te implementeer wat die kanse sal verbeter van armes om welvaart te skep, het hierdie studie beoog om dit bloot te lê wat vermoënde agente en belanghebbendes in die visserysektor van die Ukerewe Distrik sou motiveer om dit te doen. Hierdie studie het die vraag gestel of daar etiese waardes en beginsels is met die potensiaal om vermoënde agente en belanghebbendes te inspireer en daartoe te lei om die lot van plaaslike agente wat deur armoede beperk word, in heroorweging te neem, en 'n verantwoordelike verbintenis aan te gaan om hierdie beperkende omstandighede aan te spreek, en het ook gepoog om te bepaal hoe hierdie etiese idees, indien enige, blootgelê, geformuleer en geïmplementeer kan word. Empiriese navorsing is onderneem in die Ukerewe Distrik vanaf Oktober 2012 to Maart 2013. Hierin is die metodologie van 'n gevallestudie in toegepaste etiek gevolg, gekombineer met fokusgroepbesprekings, lewensverhale en in-diepte individuele onderhoude. Driehonderd en tien plaaslike agente en belanghebbendes in die visserysektor van Ukerewe is betrek in progressiewe fases van kritiese self-refleksie en dialoog in en tussen spesifieke groepe van belanghebbendes. Hierdie 310 deelnemers het dit wat die armoede van plaaslike agente meebring, ontleed en oorweeg, asook wat dit sou behels om hierdie armoede te oorkom, en wat vermoënde agente en belanghebbendes sou kon motiveer om hierdie armoede te beveg. Op grond van die inligting wat versamel is, kon die volgende bepaal word: Eerstens, die visserysektor bied voldoende geleenthede vir beleggings en werk waardeur inkomste en goedere tot stand kan kom waardeur sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede verbeter kan word. Tweedens, plaaslike vissers verval in armoede omdat hulle beperk word om welvaart te skep. Derdens, plaaslike vissers kan hulle vermoë om welvaart te skep om armoede te oorkom, verbeter deur die geleenthede uit te brei vir hulle om relevante vaardighede, doeltreffende produksiekragte en vissery-infrastruktuur, formele finansiële krediet en versekeringsdienste te bekom en te gebruik. Vierdens, die meeste vermoënde agente en belanghebbendes wat in staat is tot pro-arm optrede in die visserysektor sou daartoe gemotiveer kon word deur institusionele en professionele verpligtinge na te kom, deur by te dra tot moontlike goeie gevolge en moontlike slegte gevolge in die lewe van plaaslike vissers, die visserysektor, hulle eie organisasies en die samelewing te voorkom, en deur sorgsaamheid vir, respek teenoor en solidariteit met die plaaslike vissersgemeenskap te openbaar. Op grond van wat die deelnemers openbaar het oor dit waaraan hulle waarde heg, asook wat hulle graag sou wou bereik in die deel van die visserysektor waarby hulle betrokke is, is 'n alternatiewe ontwikkelingsetiek geformuleer, te wete die Sufficient Capabilities and Wealth Ethic (SUCAWE). Die SUCAWE bied insiggewende en bemagtigende morele hulpbronne vir self-bestuur, asook vir die bestuur van 'n verskeidenheid van agente en belanghebbendes betrokke by die skepping van welvaart en die bekamping van armoede.
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Phoya, Sarah. "Poverty alleviation by using labour based infrastructure provision in informal settlements : the case of Dar Es Salaam City (Tanzania)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1058.
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Thesis (MTech (Construction Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005Labour based technology (LBT) is a strategy popularised by intemationa I organisations such as International Labour Organisation (lLO), United Nations Development Progranune (UNDP) and Word Bank, to address poverty, unemployment and infrastructure provision especially in informal urban settlements. More emphasis has been placed on using the LBT approach in sub-Saharan countries where unprecedented urbanisation is taking place leading to the formation of informal settlements, high levels of unemployment as well as poverty. The LBT approach has been implemented in many developing countries including Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. However, there is little available evidence on the long-term impact of LBT on poverty alleviation and employment creation opportunities. This study examined whether the labour-based approach to delivering infrastructure in informal settlements had impacted poverty alleviation and created sustainable employment opportunities. The study had five main objectives namely (I) To explore the situation of infrastructure in Oar es salaam informal settlements; (2) To eXlmine LBT with respect to the nature and characteristics of the various forms used in practice to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each form; (3) To identify the nature of LBT approaches used to upgrade informal settlements; (4) To explore the extent to which LBT in infrastructure provision can contribute to creating employment and alleviating poverty; and (5) To examine the extent of private sector involvement and community participation in present LBT approach in the three settlements. Literature was reviewed on using LBT approach to deliver infrastructure in informal settlements and its impact on poverty alleviation and creation of sustainable employment opportunities. The residents within the Hanna Nassif, Mabatini and Tabata informal settlements in Oar es Salaam Tanzania, were interviewed who participated in infrastructure provision projects. Semi-structured interviews were held with the community based organisations (CBOs), and local government authorities in the respective settlements. The study suggests that the LBT approach to deliver infrastructure in informal settlements has the potential to create large-scale employment opportunities as well as alleviate poverty. However, the extent of the effectiveness of the LBT approach to create large-scale employment and alleviate poverty is dependant on several factors such as the type of the project; duration of the project; the level of the wages paid, and the measure of skills transferred
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Nogueira, Marcia Pompeo. "Towards a poetically correct theatre for development : a dialogical approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394338.
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The critical understanding of 'development' presented in this thesis has its focus on the Green Revolution and its effects. The general view that resulted from this analysis points to how development policies have worsened life for large sections of the world's population but favoured global trade in a scale unthinkable during colonial times. Different types of practices that are identified with the term Theatre for Development were classified into three categories. This helped to highlight the specific contributions of the Dialogical Theatre for Development' approach, which is based on Paulo Freire's principle of respect for the knowledge and culture of rural and urban community members. This category is presented as the one that could help to resist the injustices of market-oriented globalisation. Aside from an affirmation of the methods of the Dialogical Theatre for Development practices, this thesis presents a criticism of its discursive approach. The 'poetically correct' theatre I am advocating should search for a poetical expression, have the right to use fantasy and imagination, and to experiment with both form and content as part of its creative process, without losing touch with reality. How could the Dialogical Theatre for Development approach be 'poetically correct'? The suggestion presented is based on the expansion of Freire's concept of codification to include imaginary representations of reality. Three contemporary practices of Theatre for Development in Brazil, England and the Philippines, are presented, in order to identify current trends and to try to improve understanding about methods and form in the Dialogical Theatre for Development. The expected results of this thesis include the clarification of the meaning of Theatre for Development, an increased awareness in relation to the importance of methods of interaction with communities, and a challenge for those who support theatre practices within communities of the First and Third Worlds, to develop works in which the imagination is free to consider reality.
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Ewu, Rachel Jumai. "A proposal for the development of children's theatre in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252686.
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Strålin, Frida, and Johanna Wiman. "Environmentally Sustainable Development in Tanzanian Education - Values of Teachers." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Linköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-52189.
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This is a Minor Field Study which was carried out in six schools in the Morogoro district in Tanzania. The aim of this study was to find out the values of Tanzanian teachers concerning education for environmentally sustainable development. 18 teachers have been interviewed and as a complimentary method we have observed lessons of different subjects to get a better understanding for the answers from the interviews. Our findings are that the teachers find it important to teach about both reasons and effects when it comes to environmental issues. Many teachers believed knowledge of how to live in order to avoid environmental destruction was at least as important to teach. Another conclusion is that the teachers find it important to teach about environmental issues because knowledge of the environment is necessary for development of a country. Finally we have concluded that the teachers´ values are supported by the syllabuses.
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Mårtensson, Emma. "Upplevelser av alkoholanvändningi en massajby i Tanzania." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7171.
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Samtidigt som användningen av alkohol har minskat i den utvecklade delen av världenökar den i utvecklingsländerna. Alkoholanvändningen har både kulturell och social meningmen är samtidigt relaterad till flera hälsoskadliga- och sociala problem. Studiens syfte var attbeskriva hur personer med inflytelserika uppdrag i en massajby i Tanzania uppleveralkoholanvändningen samt dess följder för såväl invånarna som för byn. Vidare var syftet attbeskriva deras upplevelser av religion och traditions betydelse för alkoholanvändningen.Kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes utifrån en intervjuguide med ettändamålsenligt urval av tio respondenter. Data analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys. Urdataanalysen framkom resultat två teman: faktorer som påverkar alkoholanvändningen; samtfaktorer som alkoholanvändningen påverkar. De största konsekvenserna avalkoholanvändning upplevdes vara kontrollförlust med oförmåga att ta hand om sig själv ochsin familj. Dessutom upplevdes alkoholanvändningen som en olägenhet för byn genombortfall av arbetskraft vilket respondenterna upplevde som påfrestande för hela bynsutveckling. För framtiden föreslås arbete som hjälp till alternativ inkomst föralkoholförsäljande kvinnor samt tydligt ställningstagande från byledningen.
While the use of alcohol has declined in the developed world it is increasing indeveloping countries. Alcohol use has cultural and social meanig, at the same time its isrelated to several adverse health and social problems. This study was designed to describehow people with powerful function in a masai society in Tanzania experience alcohol use andthe consequences of alcohol use for both the individuals and for the village. Furthermore, thepurpose was to describe their experiences of religion and traditions relevancy to alcohol use.Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were carried out based on an interview guide with auseful selection of ten respondents. Data were analyzed with manifest content analysis andresults were found in two main areas: factors that influence alcohol use; and factors asconsequences of alcohol use. The biggest impact found was perceived to be control-loss withinability to take care of him- or herself and his or her family. In addition alcoholuse wasperceived as an inconvenience to the village due to loss of labor. This was percieved asstressful for the village's development. Aid to optional job for alcohol selling women andclear statement on alcohol use from the society leadership is proposed for future development.
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Brooks, Murrell Lamont. "Coffee, liberalization and democratic development in Tanzania a study in the politics of agriculture and development in transitional states /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459916001&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Dool, Leon van den. "Local learning : the role of African local public organisations in development projects /." Delft : Eburon, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy044/2004365468.html.
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