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Journal articles on the topic 'Tanzanite – Tanzania – Merelani'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

HARRIS, C., W. HLONGWANE, N. GULE, and R. SCHEEPERS. "ORIGIN OF TANZANITE AND ASSOCIATED GEMSTONE MINERALIZATION AT MERELANI, TANZANIA." South African Journal of Geology 117, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.117.1.15.

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2

Cairncross, Bruce. "Connoisseur's Choice: Tanzanite, Gem Variety of Zoisite, Merelani Hills, Simanjiro District, Manyara Region, Tanzania." Rocks & Minerals 94, no. 6 (October 10, 2019): 530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2019.1641023.

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3

Malisa, E., K. Kinnunen, and T. Koljonen. "Notes on fluid inclusions of vanadiferous zoisite (tanzanite) and green grossular in Merelani area, northern Tanzania." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 58, no. 2 (December 1986): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17741/bgsf/58.2.006.

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4

Mayala, Laurent Paul, Marcello M. Veiga, and Mohammad Babaei Khorzoughi. "Assessment of mine ventilation systems and air pollution impacts on artisanal tanzanite miners at Merelani, Tanzania." Journal of Cleaner Production 116 (March 2016): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.002.

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5

Cairncross, Bruce. "The Where of Mineral Names: Tanzanite, A Variety of Zoisite, Merelani Hills, Simanjiro District, Manyara Region, Tanzania." Rocks & Minerals 95, no. 5 (August 21, 2020): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2020.1771156.

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6

Jaszczak, John, Michael Rumsey, Luca Bindi, Stephen Hackney, Michael Wise, Chris Stanley, and John Spratt. "Merelaniite, Mo4Pb4VSbS15, a New Molybdenum-Essential Member of the Cylindrite Group, from the Merelani Tanzanite Deposit, Lelatema Mountains, Manyara Region, Tanzania." Minerals 6, no. 4 (October 28, 2016): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min6040115.

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7

Park, J. G., and D. S. Dodd. "The merelani graphite project - Tanzania." Minerals Engineering 7, no. 2-3 (February 1994): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(94)90077-9.

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8

Pohwat, Paul W. "Connoisseur's Choice: Diopside Merelani, Arusha Region, Tanzania." Rocks & Minerals 88, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2013.763697.

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9

Fritz, Eric A., Brendan M. Laurs, Robert T. Downs, and Gelu Costin. "Yellowish Green Diopside and Tremolite from Merelani, Tanzania." Gems & Gemology 43, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/gems.43.2.146.

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10

Vigier, Maxence, and Emmanuel Fritsch. "Pink Axinite from Merelani, Tanzania: Origin of Colour and Luminescence." Journal of Gemmology 37, no. 2 (2020): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/jog.2020.37.2.192.

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11

М. I., Kazantseva, Ponomareva N. I., and Bocharov V. N. "Fluid inclusions in zoisite from the Merelani Hills deposit, Tanzania." Zapiski RMO (Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society) 147, no. 3 (2018): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30695/zrmo/2018.1473.05.

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12

Jaszczak, John A. "The Where of Mineral Names: Merelaniite, Merelani (Mererani), Manyara Region, Tanzania." Rocks & Minerals 92, no. 4 (July 4, 2017): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2017.1308798.

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13

Giuliani, G., D. Ohnenstetter, F. Palhol, J. Feneyrol, E. Boutroy, H. De Boissezon, and T. Lhomme. "KARELIANITE AND VANADIAN PHLOGOPITE FROM THE MERELANI HILLS GEM ZOISITE DEPOSITS, TANZANIA." Canadian Mineralogist 46, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 1183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.46.5.1183.

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14

Feneyrol, Julien, Gaston Giuliani, Daniel Ohnenstetter, Elisabeth Le Goff, Elias P. J. Malisa, Mark Saul, Eric Saul, John Saul, and Vincent Pardieu. "Lithostratigraphic and structural controls of ‘tsavorite’ deposits at Lemshuku, Merelani area, Tanzania." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 342, no. 10 (October 2010): 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2010.06.003.

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15

Cairncross, Bruce. "Connoisseur’s Choice: Tsavorite, The Green Gem Variety of Grossular, Merelani Hills, Manyara District, Tanzania." Rocks & Minerals 95, no. 3 (May 3, 2020): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2020.1716171.

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16

Jaszczak, John A., and Daniel Trinchillo. "Miracle at Merelani A Remarkable Occurrence of Graphite, Diopside, and Associated Minerals from the Karo Mine, Block D, Merelani Hills, Arusha Region, Tanzania." Rocks & Minerals 88, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2013.763671.

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17

Pring, Allan, Benjamin Wade, Aoife McFadden, Claire E. Lenehan, and Nigel J. Cook. "Coupled Substitutions of Minor and Trace Elements in Co-Existing Sphalerite and Wurtzite." Minerals 10, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020147.

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The nature of couple substitutions of minor and trace element chemistry of expitaxial intergrowths of wurtzite and sphalerite are reported. EPMA and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses display significant differences in the bulk chemistries of the two epitaxial intergrowth samples studied. The sample from the Animas-Chocaya Mine complex of Bolivia is Fe-rich with mean Fe levels of 4.8 wt% for wurztite-2H and 2.3 wt% for the sphalerite component, while the sample from Merelani Hills, Tanzania, is Mn-rich with mean Mn levels in wurztite-4H of 9.1 wt% and for the sphalerite component 7.9 wt% In both samples studied the wurtzite polytype is dominant over sphalerite. LA-ICP-MS line scans across the boundaries between the wurtzite and sphalerite domains within the two samples show significant variation in the trace element chemistries both between and within the two coexisting polytypes. In the Merelani Hills sample the Cu+ + Ga3+ = 2Zn2+ substitution holds across both the wurztite and sphalerite zones, but its levels range from around 1200 ppm of each of Cu and Ga to above 2000 ppm in the sphalerite region. The 2Ag+ + Sn4+ = 3Zn2+ coupled substitution does not occur in the material. In the Animas sample, the Cu+ + Ga3+ = 2Zn2+ substitution does not occur, but the 2(Ag,Cu)+ + Sn4+ = 3Zn2+ substitution holds across the sample despite the obvious growth zoning, although there is considerable variation in the Ag/Cu ratio, with Ag dominant over Cu at the base of the sample and Cu dominant at the top. The levels of 2(Ag,Cu)+ + Sn4+ = 3Zn2+ vary greatly across the sample from around 200 ppm to 8000 ppm Sn, but the higher values occur in the sphalerite bands.

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18

Taylor, Dan, Andrew H. Rankin, and Peter J. Treloar. "Liquid hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) fluid inclusions in unheated tanzanites (zoisite) from Merelani, Tanzania: Part 1. Recognition, characterization and gemmological importance." Journal of Gemmology 33, no. 5 (2013): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/jog.2013.33.5.149.

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19

Muhongo, S., P. Tuisku, and Y. Mtoni. "Pan-African pressure-temperature evolution of the Merelani area in the Mozambique Belt in northeast Tanzania." Journal of African Earth Sciences 29, no. 2 (August 1999): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(99)00102-5.

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20

Bindi, Luca, and John A. Jaszczak. "Richardsite, Zn2CuGaS4, A New Gallium-Essential Member of the Stannite Group from the Gem Mines near Merelani, Tanzania." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2020): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050467.

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The new mineral richardsite occurs as overgrowths of small (50–400 μm) dark gray, disphenoidal crystals with no evident twinning, but epitaxically oriented on wurtzite–sphalerite crystals from the gem mines near Merelani, Lelatema Mountains, Simanjiro District, Manyara Region, Tanzania. Associated minerals also include graphite, diopside, and Ge,Ga-rich wurtzite. It is brittle, dark gray in color, and has a metallic luster. It appears dark bluish gray in reflected plane-polarized light, and is moderately bireflectant. It is distinctly anisotropic with violet to light-blue rotation tints with crossed polarizers. Reflectance percentages for Rmin and Rmax in air at the respective wavelengths are 23.5, 25.0 (471.1 nm); 27.4, 28.9 (548.3 nm); 28.1, 29.4 (586.6 nm); 27.7, 28.9 (652.3 nm). Richardsite does not show pleochroism, internal reflections, or optical indications of growth zonation. Electron microprobe analyses determine an empirical formula, based on 8 apfu, as (Zn1.975Cu0.995Ga0.995Fe0.025Mn0.010Ge0.005Sn0.005)Σ4.010S3.990, while its simplified formula is (Zn,Cu)2(Cu,Fe,Mn)(Ga,Ge,Sn)S4, and the ideal formula is Zn2CuGaS4. The crystal structure of richardsite was investigated using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. It is tetragonal, with a = 5.3626(2) Å, c = 10.5873(5) Å, V = 304.46(2) Å3, Z = 2, and a calculated density of 4.278 g·cm−3. The four most intense X-ray powder diffraction lines [d in Å (I/I0)] are 3.084 (100); 1.882 (40); 1.989 (20); 1.614 (20). The refined crystal structure (R1 = 0.0284 for 655 reflections) and obtained chemical formula indicate that richardsite is a new member of the stannite group with space group I 4 ¯ 2 m . Its structure consists of a ccp array of sulfur atoms tetrahedrally bonded with metal atoms occupying one-half of the ccp tetrahedral voids. The ordering of the metal atoms leads to a sphalerite(sph)-derivative tetragonal unit-cell, with a ≈ asph and c ≈ 2asph. The packing of S atoms slightly deviates from the ideal, mainly due to the presence of Ga. Using 632.8-nm wavelength laser excitation, the most intense Raman response is a narrow peak at 309 cm−1, with other relatively strong bands at 276, 350, and 366 cm−1, and broader and weaker bands at 172, 676, and 722 cm−1. Richardsite is named in honor of Dr. R. Peter Richards in recognition of his extensive research and writing on topics related to understanding the genesis of the morphology of minerals. Its status as a new mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission of New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (No. 2019-136).

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21

Rankin, Andrew H., Dan Taylor, and Peter J. Treloar. "Liquid hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) fluid inclusions in unheated tanzanites (zoisite) from Merelani,Tanzania: Part 2. Influence on gem integrity during and after heat treatment." Journal of Gemmology 33, no. 5 (2013): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/jog.2013.33.5.161.

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22

Malisa, Elias Pausen. "Application of graphite as a geothermometer in hydrothermally altered metamorphic rocks of the Merelani-Lelatema area, Mozambique Belt, northeastern Tanzania." Journal of African Earth Sciences 26, no. 2 (February 1998): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(98)00013-x.

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23

"The Merelani graphite-tanzanite deposit, Tanzania: an exploration case history." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 32, no. 5 (July 1995): A223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(95)93304-8.

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24

Malisa, EP, and CP Kinabo. "Environmental risks for gemstone miners with reference to Merelani tanzanite mining area, Northeastern Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Science 31, no. 1 (February 12, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v31i1.18404.

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25

Malisa, EP. "Petrology and lithogeochemistry of the mineralized tanzanite-grossular bearings rocks in the Merelani-Lelatema area, northeastern Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Science 29, no. 2 (October 13, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v29i2.18378.

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26

Malisa, EP. "Petrography and mineral chemistry of the pelitic and semi-pelitic gneisses of the merelani tanzanite mining area, northeastern Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Science 31, no. 2 (February 12, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v31i2.18423.

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27

Malisa, EPJ. "Trace elements characterization of the hydrothermally deposited tanzanite and green grossular in the Merelani – Lelatema shear zone, northeastern Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Science 29, no. 1 (October 13, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v29i1.18366.

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