Journal articles: 'Tapping rate'

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Zendel, Benjamin Rich, Bernhard Ross, and Takako Fujioka. "The Effects of Stimulus Rate and Tapping Rate on Tapping Performance." Music Perception 29, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2011.29.1.65.

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when finger taps are synchronized with an isochronous click, it is known that tap-click asynchrony and its variability increase with the interonset interval (IOI). It remains unclear whether these results are due to the IOI or the intertap interval (ITI) duration. The present study examines how these two factors influence tapping performance by altering the tap-click ratio (i.e., 1:n tapping). It has been shown that holding the ITI constant while decreasing the IOI—so that extra clicks subdivide each tap—results in a reduction of tapping variability, described as a subdivision benefit (Repp, 2003). Two questions remain: Does asynchrony and variability increase with the ITI while holding the IOI constant? Does asynchrony decrease with the IOI while holding ITI constant? Using linear regression, both asynchrony and variability decreased with the IOI, with little additional effect of ITI. In contrast, when using ITI as a predictor, the contribution of IOI was significant, suggesting that IOI is the main determinant of tapping performance. In addition, an ANOVA revealed a disadvantage for 1:3 tapping, supporting a categorical distinction between duple and triple meters since 1:n tapping can engender the subjective feel of different metric structures.

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Zendel, Benjamin Rich, Bernhard Ross, and Takako Fujioka. "Reply to Repp's (2012) Commentary on “The Effects of Stimulus Rate and Tapping Rate on Tapping Performance”." Music Perception 29, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2012.29.4.449.

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MacKenzie, I. Scott, R. Blair Nonnecke, J. Craig McQueen, Stan Riddersma, and Malcolm Meltz. "A Comparison of three Methods of Character Entry on Pen-Based Computers." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 4 (October 1994): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403800430.

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Methods for entering text on pen-based computers were compared with respect to speed, accuracy, and user preference. Fifteen subjects entered text on a digitizing display tablet using three methods: hand printing, QWERTY-tapping, and ABC-tapping. The tapping methods used display-based keyboards, one with a QWERTY layout, the other with two alphabetic rows of 13 characters. ABC-tapping had the lowest error rate (0.6%) but was the slowest entry method (12.9 wpm). It was also the least preferred input method. The QWERTY-tapping condition was the most preferred, the fastest (22.9 wpm), and had a low error rate (1.1%). Although subjects also liked hand printing, it was 41% slower than QWERTY-tapping and had a very high error rate (8.1%). The results suggest that character recognition on pen-based computers must improve to attract walk-up users, and that alternatives such as tapping on a QWERTY soft keyboard are effective input methods.

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Repp, Bruno H. "Comments on “The Effects of Stimulus Rate and Tapping Rate on Tapping Performance” by Zendel, Ross, and Fujioka (2011)." Music Perception 29, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2012.29.4.447.

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Wilcox, Teresa, and R. Harter Kraft. "Lateral Differences in Schematic Face Encoding during Dual-Task Performance with Increasing Levels of Difficulty." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 3 (June 1989): 767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.3.767.

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20 normal, right-handed, familial dextral men performed (a) unimanual finger tapping, (b) encoding of schematic faces at three levels of difficulty (3, 5, and 7 faces), (c) verbal production, (d) concurrent tapping and verbal production, and (e) concurrent tapping and face encoding. Subsequent recognition of faces was disrupted more by concurrent left-hand tapping than by concurrent right-hand tapping, supporting both the hypothesis that the right hemisphere mediates face encoding in adults and Kinsbourne and Hicks' (1978) “functional cerebral distance principle.” Left- and right-hand tapping rate and variability were not asymmetrically affected by either verbal production or face encoding. While there was an increase in generalized interference effects on face encoding, the degree of asymmetry of the interference remained constant. In addition, as the difficulty of the memory task increased, variability of tapping rate decreased. This was discussed in terms of attention and automatic motor programming.

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Tjellström, A., G. Granström, and M. Odersjö. "Survival rate of self-tapping implants for bone-anchored hearing aids." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 121, no. 2 (November 3, 2006): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510600243x.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a new self-tapping implant for a bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) had the same high frequency of osseointegration as previous implants requiring pre-tapping.Method: Over a three-year period, 144 consecutive implants were placed in the mastoid for BAHA and evaluated.Results: Two implants were lost; both were of the self-tapping type. One was in an 11-year-old boy, who lost his implant six weeks after surgery when the BAHA was fitted. The other was in an elderly man, a heavy smoker with diabetes. Using Fisher's exact test, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.30).Conclusion: Self-tapping implants facilitate surgery and shorten operating time. Over a short follow up, we did not find any significant difference; however, it is important to follow these implants over a longer time period.

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Li, Yong Yi, and Sheng Dun Zhao. "Numerical Analysis on the Key Technology in Extrusion Tapping of Internal Thread." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.436.

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This paper introduces the principle and characteristic of extrusion tapping of internal thread, presents the simplified mechanical model of extrusion tapping firstly. Then generalizes the key technology of extrusion tapping and their influencing law on tapping torque and thread forming quality, such as extrusion tap type, lead hole diameter, tapping speed and friction. Finally, numerical analysis on the key technology of extrusion tapping are conducted based on DEFORM-3D, the results show that the effect of lead hole diameter and friction on tapping torque are obvious, the effect of extrusion tap type and tapping speed on tapping torque are next and this effect degree is related to the stress-strain relation of workpiece material under different strain-rate closely. These researches will contribute to the right selection of workpiece material, extrusion tap type, lead hole diameter, tapping speed and lubrication of extrusion tapping of internal thread in practical manufacture.

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Repp, Bruno H. "Rate Limits of On-Beat and Off-Beat Tapping With Simple Auditory Rhythms: 1. Qualitative Observations." Music Perception 22, no. 3 (2005): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2005.22.3.479.

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The accuracy of on-beat and off-beat synchronized finger tapping was examined as a function of sequence rate in musically trained individuals. Auditory sequences consisted of cyclically repeated, underlyingly isochronous patterns of the form T0, TT0, or TTT0, where T denotes a tone onset and 0 denotes its absence. In different conditions, participants attempted to tap in synchrony with one of the possible T (�on-beat�) or 0 (�off-beat�) positions in each pattern while the sequence rate increased from trial to trial. It was hypothesized that on-beat tapping would be easier with tones that carry a rhythmic grouping accent (T2 in TT0, T1 and T3 in TTT0) than with tones that do not (T1 in TT0, T2 in TTT0), according to findings of Povel and colleagues. The hypothesis was strongly supported for TTT0, but there were considerable individual differences with regard to TT0. Off-beat tapping was generally difficult and often switched to on-beat tapping at fast tempi. The findings reveal rate limits of sensorimotor coordination that may be relevant to music performance in ensembles.

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Repp, Bruno H. "Rate Limits of On-Beat and Off-Beat Tapping With Simple Auditory Rhythms." Music Perception 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2005.23.2.165.

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THE RELATIVE DIFFICULTY of on-beat and off-beat finger tapping with simple auditory rhythms was assessed in four experiments with musically trained participants. The rhythms consisted of cyclically repeated TT0 or TTT0 patterns, where T denotes the presence and 0 denotes the absence of a tone. The tasks were to tap in synchrony with one of the T ("on-beat") positions or with the 0 ("off-beat") position. Experiments 1-3 used an adaptive procedure that determined the fastest tempo at which each task could be accomplished. Experiment 1 demonstrated that it is easier to tap on tones that carry a rhythmic grouping accent (T2 in TT0, T1 and T3 in TTT0) than on other tones or in the 0 position. Off-beat tapping was more difficult in TT0 than in TTT0 sequences. Experiment 2 showed that a dynamic ( pitch) accent on one of the tones facilitates synchronization with that tone and impedes synchronization with adjacent tones. Off-beat tapping was less affected by accent location. Experiment 3 required participants to "hear" different T positions as metrically accented (i.e., to construe them as the downbeat) while carrying out the various tapping tasks. Most participants found it difficult to maintain a cognitive downbeat at fast tempi when it did not coincide with their taps. However, when such a downbeat could be maintained, it did not seem to increase the difficulty of tapping (with one exception). This suggests a unidirectional dependence of metrical structure on action. In Experiment 4, the same tasks were presented at more moderate tempi, and the dependent measure was the variability of asynchronies. Metrical downbeat location still did not have any significant effect. Thus, synchronization difficulty seems to be affected only by a rhythm's physical structure, not by the cognitive interpretation that is given to that structure.

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Lorås, Håvard, Tore Kristian Aune, Rolf Ingvaldsen, and Arve Vorland Pedersen. "Interpersonal and intrapersonal entrainment of self-paced tapping rate." PLOS ONE 14, no. 7 (July 30, 2019): e0220505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220505.

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Radwin, Robert G., and One-Jang Jeng. "Activation Force and Travel effects on Overexertion in Repetitive Key Tapping." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39, no. 1 (March 1997): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872097778940605.

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Key switch design parameters, including make force, make travel, and over travel, were investigated for minimizing operator-exerted force while maximizing key-tapping speed. A mechanical apparatus was designed, constructed, and used for independently controlling key switch parameters and for directly measuring finger exertions during repetitive key tapping using strain gauge load cells. The task for the 25 participants involved using the index finger of the dominant hand to repeatedly depress a single key as rapidly as possible. Participants received visual and auditory feedback upon a successful keystroke. Peak force exerted decreased 24% and key-tapping rate increased 2% when over travel was distended from 0.0 to 3.0 mm. Although peak force exerted was not significantly affected by make point travel, key-tapping rate increased 2% when make point travel was reduced from 4.0 to 1.0 mm. These results indicate that key switch mechanisms that provide adequate over travel might enable operators to exert less force during repetitive key tapping without inhibiting performance

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12

Kee, Daniel W., Karen Morris, Kay Bathurst, and Joseph B. Hellige. "Lateralized interference in finger tapping: Comparisons of rate and variability measures under speed and consistency tapping instructions." Brain and Cognition 5, no. 3 (July 1986): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2626(86)90031-x.

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Huang, Wei Lei, and Gui Cheng Wang. "Strength of Screw Thread in Vibration Tapping." Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (January 2012): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.678.

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Screw thread connection is a common way of detachable connection. The invalidation of screw thread connection will lead to mechanical failure or even retirement. Vibration tapping is essentially a kind of high-energy impact cutting which increases the rigidity of the tool. Composite vibration tapping simultaneously with repeated cutting action reduces the surface recovery of plastic materials and enhances metal cutting rate. Theoretical study and experimental results show that vibration tapping improves the metal cutting rates, enhances the machining accuracy and makes screw thread connection assembly easier. At the same time, vibration tapping process does not reduce the strength of screw thread. As the screw thread can be more uniformed cut at different depths, vibration tapping enhances the strength of screw thread slightly.

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Daniels, Stephanie K., David M. Corey, Cristen L. Barnes, Nikki M. Faucheaux, Daniel H. Priestly, and Anne L. Foundas. "Cortical Representation of Swallowing: A Modified Dual Task Paradigm." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 3 (June 2002): 1029–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.3.1029.

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It is unclear whether the cortical representation of swallowing is lateralized to the left cerebral hemisphere, right hemisphere, or bilaterally represented. As dysphagia is common in acute stroke, it is important to elucidate swallowing lateralization to facilitate earlier detection of stroke patients who may be at greater risk for dysphagia and aspiration. In this study, a modified dual task paradigm was designed to study laterality of swallowing in a group of 14 healthy, young, right-handed, male adults. The subjects were studied at baseline and with interference. Baseline conditions, performed separately, were continuous swallowing, finger tapping using the right and left index fingers, and word repetition. Interference tasks, including tapping with the right index finger, tapping with the left index finger, and word repetition, were completed with and without swallowing. Finger-tapping rate was measured, and x-ray samples of the swallowing task were taped to measure swallowing rate and volume swallowed. At baseline, the rate of tapping the right index finger was significantly faster than that of the left index finger. There was a significant decline in the tapping rates of both left and right index fingers with swallowing interference. The volume per swallow was significantly reduced during the interfering language task of silent repetition. These results offer partial support for a bilateral representation of swallowing as well as suggest an important left hemispheric contribution to swallowing. However, it cannot be concluded that the left hemisphere is more important than the right, as a comparable right hemisphere task was not studied.

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Truong, Hai V. "Effect of low-frequency tapping systems (d5; d6) on latex yield, labor productivity and latex physiological parameters on RRIV 106 clone." Journal of Agriculture and Development 19, no. 05 (October 30, 2020): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.3.05.2020.

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The tapping labor shortage has been identified as a major issue for natural rubber companies in Vietnam. This study aimed to determine a suitable tapping system to adapt to the labor shortage. The experiment was conducted on RRIV 106 clone at Dong Phu rubber company, Binh Phuoc province, Vietnam in two the tapping years 2018 and 2019. The results showed that the treatments of low-frequency tapping systems (d5, d6) increased individual yield per tree per tapping (g/t/t) compared with that of d4. The g/t/t of treatments d5 and d6 with latex stimulant (ET 2.5%) applied by 6 to 10 times per year (d5, ET.6/y; d5, ET.8/y; d6, ET.8/y; d6, ET.10/y) was 23; 27; 45 and 47% higher than that of the control (d4, ET.4/y), respectively. Labor productivity (kg/task/day) of low-frequency tapping systems increased similarly to g/t/t. The tapper requirements of low tapping frequency (d5 and d6) were 20% and 33% lower than that of d4, respectively. Land productivity per year (kg/ha/year) of low-frequency tapping systems (d5 and d6) was equivalent (98 to 101%) as compared with that of the control. The effects of tapping systems on latex physiological parameters, tapping panel dryness rate (TPD), and dry rubber content (DRC, %) were not significantly different.

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Silver, H., N. Shlomo, C. Hiemke, M. L. Rao, M. Ritsner, and I. Modai. "Schizophrenia patients who smoke have a faster finger tapping rate." European Psychiatry 17 (May 2002): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)80787-8.

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Stegemöller, Elizabeth L., Joshua R. Tatz, Alison Warnecke, Paul Hibbing, Brandon Bates, and Andrew Zaman. "Influence of Music Style and Rate on Repetitive Finger Tapping." Motor Control 22, no. 4 (October 2018): 472–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2017-0081.

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Wurster, Claudia Diana, Heiko Graf, Hermann Ackermann, Katharina Groth, Jan Kassubek, and Axel Riecker. "Neural correlates of rate-dependent finger-tapping in Parkinson’s disease." Brain Structure and Function 220, no. 3 (March 20, 2014): 1637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0749-1.

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West, R. J., and M. J. Jarvis. "Effects of nicotine on finger tapping rate in non-smokers." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 25, no. 4 (October 1986): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(86)90377-1.

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Chen, Y. B., J. L. Sha, and S. M. Wu. "Diagnosis of the Tapping Process by Information Measure and Probability Voting Approach." Journal of Engineering for Industry 112, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899594.

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A new method for the diagnosis of the tapping process using the information measure and multiple probability voting scheme is proposed. Considering the features of short cutting-duration and the large uncertainties existing in a tapping process, a set of indices based on the time-domain statistical analysis has been formed. These indices have then been evaluated and ranked using an algorithm that calculates the information gain of each index about the tapping process. The final classification decision can be made by a voting scheme based on the conditional probability functions for multiple indices. Furthermore, the information gains estimated in the index evolution process can be used as a weighting function during voting to improve efficiency and reliability. From a tapping test, which includes five different tapping conditions, a success rate of 95 percent has been achieved.

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Fang, Wei, Luo Shi Qiao, Wu Ming, Qiu Jian, Yang Wen Feng, Gao Hong Hua, and Xiao Xian Zhou. "Cloning and Expression Analysis of One Gamma-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase Gene (Hbγ-ECS1) in Latex Production inHevea brasiliensis." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5657491.

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Rubber tree is a major commercial source of natural rubber. Latex coagulation is delayed by thiols, which belong to the important type of antioxidants in laticifer submembrane, and is composed of glutathione (GSH), cysteine, and methionine. The rate-limiting enzyme,γ-ECS, plays an important role in regulating the biosynthesis of glutathione under any environment conditions. To understand the relation betweenγ-ECS and thiols and to correlate latex flow with one-time tapping and continuous tapping, we cloned and derived the full length of oneγ-ECS from rubber tree latex (Hbγ-ECS1). According to qPCR analysis, the expression levels ofHbγ-ECS1were induced by tapping and Ethrel stimulation, and the expression was related to thiols content in the latex. Continuous tapping induced injury, and the expression ofHbγECS1increased with routine tapping and Ethrel-stimulation tapping (more intensive tapping). According to expression in long-term flowing latex, the gene was related to the duration of latex flow.HbγECS1was expressed inE. coliRosetta using pET-sumo as an expression vector and the recombinant enzyme was purified; then we achieved 0.827 U/mg specific activity and about 66 kDa molecular weight. The present study can help us understand the complex role ofHbγ-ECSin thiols biosynthesis, which is influenced by tapping.

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Dogra, Ajit Pal S., Richard E. DeVor, and Shiv G. Kapoor. "Analysis of Feed Errors in Tapping by Contact Stress Model." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124, no. 2 (April 29, 2002): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1454107.

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One of the most common tapping errors, mismatch of tap feed rate and the thread pitch, has a significant effect on the tapping thrust signal and the resultant thread profile. The underfeed of the tap leads to an upward pull on the workpiece and overfeed causes a downward push. Tapping experiments are conducted with intentionally magnified feed errors to study the phenomenon and aid in the model development. Using contact stress theory for elastic materials, a model for tap-workpiece interaction is developed and integrated with the mechanistic force model developed earlier to predict the tapping forces. In most cases there was a good agreement between the simulations of combined model (contact stress model coupled with mechanistic model) and the experimental results. Tap tooth design with relief on the flank has been shown to significantly reduce the tapping thrust sensitivity to the feed error, thereby affecting the tool life and improving the thread quality.

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Kulkarni, Santosh, Jehan-François Pâris, and Purvi Shah. "A Stream Tapping Protocol Involving Clients in the Distribution of Videos on Demand." Advances in Multimedia 2008 (2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/265309.

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We present a stream tapping protocol that involves clients in the video distribution process. As in conventional stream tapping, our protocol allows new clients to tap the most recent broadcast of the video they are watching. While conventional stream tapping required the server to send to these clients the part of the video they missed, our protocol delegates this task to the clients that are already watching the video, thus greatly reducing the workload of the server. Unlike previous solutions involving clients in the video distribution process, our protocol works with clients that can only upload video data at a fraction of the video consumption rate and includes a mechanism to control its network bandwidth consumption.

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Kirby, R. Lee, Sanjay K. Gupta, Sharon E. Carr, and Donald A. MacLeod. "Cardiac-Locomotor Coupling While Finger Tapping: Part II. A Cross-Over Control Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 73, no. 3 (December 1991): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1991.73.3.831.

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Cardiac-locomotor coupling (CLC) has been reported by us while people finger tap at cadences natural to them. Since then, we have developed a simple crossover control strategy in which the heart rate of one subject is related to the finger-tapping rate of another. Of the 20 normal subjects previously studied while tapping a telegraph key at a comfortable rate for 10 min., reevaluation of their data showed that 9 (45%) and 4 (20%) of them, under test and control conditions, respectively, appeared to couple at a single-digit integer ratio. Neither the incidence nor the intensity of apparent CLC under the two conditions was significantly different. Raster plots of the most tightly related rates gave no evidence of phase locking. These results have two implications. First, previously published reports on CLC (and other entrainment phenomena) should be interpreted with caution, and cross-over controls should be considered in future research. Second, the absence of CLC during finger tapping suggests that CLC may only be functionally significant during exercise of large muscle groups (e.g., by minimization of cardiac afterload) or when impact-loading occurs (e.g., by enhancing cardiac ventricular emptying).

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Iida, Masakazu, Kazuhiro Ogura, and Tetsui Hakone. "Numerical Study on Metal/Slag Drainage Rate Deviation during Blast Furnace Tapping." Tetsu-to-Hagane 96, no. 6 (2010): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.96.353.

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Kadota, Hiroshi, Kazutoshi Kudo, and Tatsuyuki Ohtsuki. "Time-series pattern changes related to movement rate in synchronized human tapping." Neuroscience Letters 370, no. 2-3 (November 2004): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.08.004.

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Iida, Masakazu, Kazuhiro Ogura, and Tetsui Hakone. "Numerical Study on Metal/Slag Drainage Rate Deviation during Blast Furnace Tapping." ISIJ International 49, no. 8 (2009): 1123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.49.1123.

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Gratton, Gabriele, Monica Fabiani, David Friedman, Maria Angela Franceschini, Sergio Fantini, Paul Corballis, and Enrico Gratton. "Rapid Changes of Optical Parameters in the Human Brain During a Tapping Task." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 7, no. 4 (October 1995): 446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1995.7.4.446.

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Measures of parameters of the migration of near-infrared photons through the head (attenuation, or intensity, and time-of-flight, or delay) have been proposed as a way of assessing noninvasively and in a quasicontinuous fashion changes in the scattering and absorption properties of brain tissue. These, in turn, may reflect functional changes associated with behavioral tasks. To test this hypothesis, we measured changes of photon migration parameters from scalp locations proximal to the motor cortex from four human subjects, tapping at a rate of 0.8 Hz with their left or right hand, or with their left or right foot. Tapping produced both slow effects (requiring several seconds) and fast effects (tracking the tapping frequency). Slow effects were characterized by increase and delay of the light passing through the hemisphere contralateral to the tapping hand. Fast effects consisted of changes in the light delay during hand tapping. Monte Carlo simulations based on layer models of the brain indicated that fast effects are consistent with changes in deep layers of the head (presumably in the cortex), and that slow effects are consistent with either a shift of absorbing material toward deeper layers or a reduction in scattering. These results suggest that optical parameters can monitor rapid changes of brain activity, matching the contralateral organization of the motor cortex.

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LaMotte, Robert H. "Softness Discrimination With a Tool." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.1777.

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The abilities of humans to discriminate the softness of rubber objects of differing compliance with a hand-held tool (a stylus) was measured under experimental conditions that differed as to how the tool was used and the kind of sensory information available. When the subject actively tapped or pressed the compliant objects, they discriminated softness as well by means of a stylus as they did by contacting the objects directly with the fingerpad. Discrimination with the stylus was unaffected by whether the stylus was controlled by one or two fingers. While tapping or pressing a stylus held in a precision grip, the grip force increased before, reached a maximum at the same time as, and decreased in parallel with the compressional force. This relationship was suggestive of anticipatory motor control based on an internal model of the motor system and the physical properties of the object. Discrimination was significantly better when tapping as opposed to pressing the objects with the stylus. This was hypothesized as due to the presence of tactile cues generated by the rapid increase in force rate as the stylus struck and indented the object during tapping. During tapping, the magnitude and rate of compressional force produced by the stylus against the object were greater, the harder the object. An additional cue, possibly kinesthetic, during pressing and tapping was the magnitude of indentation of the specimen by the stylus that was greater, the softer the object. Subjects could discriminate differences on softness by tactile cues alone in the absence of kinesthetic when compliant objects were tapped at approximately the same velocity by the experimenter against a stylus in contact with the subject's passive fingerpad. Discrimination deteriorated if the softer specimen of a pair was tapped with a slightly greater velocity than the harder and not possible if the specimens were pressed against the stylus without generating tactile cues of mechanical contact. In contrast, discrimination was possible during active pressing and unaffected by variations in velocity during active tapping. It is concluded that during active movements, kinesthetic information and knowledge of central efferent commands provide useful cues that are not present during passive touch. These cues allow the observer to discriminate differences in object compliance not confounded by differences in applied velocity.

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Chang, Ca Min, Yon Sen Lin, Chien Nan Pan, and Wen Tung Cheng. "Numerical Analysis on the Refractory Wear of the Blast Furnace Main Trough." Advances in Science and Technology 92 (October 2014): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.92.294.

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This study aims to numerically analyze the refractory wear of the blast furnace main trough. The three dimensional transient Navier-Stocks equation associated with the volume of fluid (VOF) was developed to describe the flow fields of air, molten iron and slag in the main trough of the blast furnace during tapping process; and then solved by the finite volume method (FVM) subject to the pressure implicit with split operator (PSIO). Based on the Newton’s law of viscosity, the computed shear stress profile in the impingement region consists with the erosion rate of main trough from the no. 4 blast furnace at China Steel Corporation (CSC BF4). The influence of the tapping angle and the ratio of iron to slag in tapping stream on the wall shear stress of main trough was also examined for the suggestion to minimize the refractory wear of blast furnace main trough in this work.

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Rosen, A. C., R. Aufrichtig, and S. M. Rao. "Brain Regions Demonstrating Sensitivity to Finger Tapping Rate: A Whole Brain fMRI Study." NeuroImage 7, no. 4 (May 1998): S939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31772-5.

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Silver, H. "Schizophrenic patients who smoke have a faster finger tapping rate than non-smokers." European Neuropsychopharmacology 12, no. 2 (April 2002): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(01)00149-3.

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Gunzler, Steven A., Misha Pavel, Caroline Koudelka, Nichole E. Carlson, and John G. Nutt. "Foot-Tapping Rate as an Objective Outcome Measure for Parkinson Disease Clinical Trials." Clinical Neuropharmacology 32, no. 2 (March 2009): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnf.0b013e3181684c22.

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Hiscock, Merrill, Jim Cheesman, Roxanne Inch, Heather M. Chipuer, and Lesley A. Graff. "Rate and variability of finger tapping as measures of lateralized concurrent task effects." Brain and Cognition 10, no. 1 (May 1989): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2626(89)90077-8.

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GUNASEKARA, H. K. L. K., E. A. NUGAWELA, W. A. J. M. DE COSTA, and D. P. S. T. G. ATTANAYAKE. "POSSIBILITY OF EARLY COMMENCEMENT OF TAPPING IN RUBBER (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS) USING DIFFERENT GENOTYPES AND TAPPING SYSTEMS." Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 2 (March 28, 2007): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706004595.

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The feasibility of commencing tapping (‘opening’) of rubber trees for latex extraction at a lower stem girth (40 and 45 cm) than the currently recommended 50 cm was investigated in three different genotypes. The possibility of combining early opening with low frequency tapping and yield stimulation using Ethrel (LFT + E) was also examined. One of the genotypes tested, RRIC 121, gave a higher dry rubber yield, both per tapping and cumulatively over a given period, when opened at 40 cm than at 50 cm. Of the other two genotypes, one (RRISL 211) showed a clear reduction in yield with early opening, while the other (RRIC 102) did not show a significant yield response. Among the three genotypes tested, RRIC 121 showed the minimum depression in trunk girth increment. Analysis of yield components showed that the response of a given genotype to early opening and LFT + E is determined by the interaction between latex volume per tapping and dry rubber content (DRC), which were negatively correlated. RRIC 121 had a significantly greater DRC, which enabled it to maintain a higher dry rubber yield under early opening and LFT + E despite producing a lower latex volume than both the other genotypes. In contrast, despite producing a substantially greater latex volume than the other two genotypes, RRISL 211 did not produce a higher dry rubber yield because of its lower DRC. The higher DRC was also responsible for the greater response of RRIC 121 to yield stimulation with Ethrel, which reduced the plugging index and increased the initial latex flow rate. Early commencement of tapping in combination with LFT + E is therefore possible in rubber when amenable genotypes are selected, offering the potential of improving the economics of rubber production, especially for smallholders, in West Asia.

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Kulkarni, Anirudh N., B. Arjun Bhat, Chinmay D. Sastry, and K. S. Sridhar. "Design and fabrication of a prototype solar tapping device." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186402006.

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Fossil fuel based energy sources are most commonly used because of the ease of availability and affordability, but have many long lasting negative effects, due to which a shift must be made to renewable and clean energy sources such as solar energy. Efficiency of the photovoltaic cells have increased by 1% every ten months, resulting in reduced costs and increased number of users. The project will explore the design and fabrication of an improved and efficient solar tapping device. An effort will be made to incorporate an architectural concept called “barrel vault” that is primarily used for natural lighting, over a Fresnel lens plate setup to act as a collector. The tracking mechanism incorporated is unique and can be modified to either have single axis or dual axis tracking depending on the requirements. Keeping in mind the environment and cost, an attempt has been made to fabricate the product with higher energy conversion rate, at an affordable cost using the above techniques. Upon analysing the results, the conclusion could be drawn that there was an increase in conversion rate of up to twice the traditional setup.

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Francis, Soumahin Eric, Adou Bini Yao Christophe, Tonessia Dolou Charlotte, and Obouayeba Samuel. "Production Systems to Minimize the Latex Harvesting Cost of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 30 (October 31, 2018): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n30p190.

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Latex harvesting is the most costly activity in natural rubber production and the shortage of available skill and unstable latex harvester are the main factor affecting in Rubber cultivation and its lead to increase cost of production. Low frequency system (LFT) with the hormonal stimulation is a solution to solve this problem that minimize the cost of latex harvesting. Therefore, a study was conducted for nine years on production systems that minimize the cost of latex harvesting in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire with clones IRCA 130, GT 1 and PB 217 of Hevea brasiliensis. These production systems differ from each other by an increase in tapping frequency, in comparison with the standard tapping (d3) on the above clones in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. The results indicated that production systems that minimize the cost of latex harvesting admittedly resulted in losses of rubber yield per hectare per year from 1 to 37%, but improved the yield per tree per tapping as well as the productivity of the tapper from 20 to 46%, in year. Moreover, these systems contributed to the improvement of the vegetative growth of trees and kept the rate of dry trees in low level (less than 7%). Furthermore, these systems also helped to reduce the cost of tapping labor from 1 to 50%, as well as operating costs from 2 to 47%, in comparison with European Scientific Journal October 2018 edition Vol.14, No.30 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 191 the standard tapping (d3). Finally, in the context of a shortage of tapping labor, these systems help increase the farmer’s profit margin from 26% to 113%, as well as the tapper’s income from 26% to 89%. Therefore, it appears that the use of low frequency harvesting system with the appropriate stimulants appears as a solution to minimize latex harvesting cost and unavailability of harvesters in rubber cultivation.

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Sundqvist, Maria, Jakob Åsberg Johnels, Jonas Lindh, Katja Laakso, and Lena Hartelius. "Syllable Repetition vs. Finger Tapping: Aspects of Motor Timing in 100 Healthy Adults." Motor Control 20, no. 3 (July 2016): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2014-0068.

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In this study we systematically compared syllable repetition and finger tapping in healthy adults, and explored possible impacts of tempi, metronome, musical experience, and age on motor timing ability. One hundred healthy adults used finger-tapping and syllable repetition to perform an isochronous pulse in three different tempi, with and without a metronome. Results showed that the motor timing was more accurate with finger tapping than with syllable repetition in the slowest tempo, and the motor timing ability was better with the metronome than without. Persons with musical experience showed better motor timing accuracy than persons without such experience, and the timing asynchrony increased with increasing age. The slowest tempo 90 bpm posed extra challenges to the participants. We speculate that this pattern reflects the fact that the slow tempo lies outside the 3–8 Hz syllable rate of natural speech, which in turn has been linked to theta-based oscillations in the brain.

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Narita, Shotaro, Shingo Kagami, and Koichi Hashimoto. "Vision-Based Finger Tapping Detection Without Fingertip Observation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 3 (June 20, 2021): 484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0484.

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A machine learning approach is investigated in this study to detect a finger tapping on a handheld surface, where the movement of the surface is observed visually; however, the tapping finger is not directly visible. A feature vector extracted from consecutive frames captured by a high-speed camera that observes a surface patch is input to a convolutional neural network to provide a prediction label indicating whether the surface is tapped within the sequence of consecutive frames (“tap”), the surface is still (“still”), or the surface is moved by hand (“move”). Receiver operating characteristics analysis on a binary discrimination of “tap” from the other two labels shows that true positive rates exceeding 97% are achieved when the false positive rate is fixed at 3%, although the generalization performance against different tapped objects or different ways of tapping is not satisfactory. An informal test where a heuristic post-processing filter is introduced suggests that the use of temporal history information should be considered for further improvements.

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Blinkenberg, Morten, Christian Bonde, Søren Holm, Claus Svarer, Jimmy Andersen, Olaf B. Paulson, and Ian Law. "Rate Dependence of Regional Cerebral Activation during Performance of a Repetitive Motor Task: A PET Study." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 16, no. 5 (September 1996): 794–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199609000-00004.

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Using repeated positron emission tomography (PET) measures of regional cerebral counts, we investigated the regional cortical activations induced in eight normal subjects performing eight different frequencies of fingertapping (0.5–4 Hz) with the right index finger. The task was auditorially cued and the performance recorded during the scanning procedure. Performance evaluation showed increased error rates, during fingertapping, of high and low frequencies, and the best tapping performance was measured in the midrange of frequencies. Significantly activated areas ( p < 0.05) of normalized cerebral counts were located in the left sensorimotor cortex (M1S1), right motor cortex, left thalamus, right insula, supplementary motor area (SMA), and bilaterally in the primary auditory cortex and the cerebellum. Statistical evaluation showed a significant ( p < 0.01) and positive dependence of cerebral activation upon movement rate in the contralateral M1S1. There was no significant rate dependence of cerebral activation in other activated motor areas. The SMA and the right cerebellar hemisphere showed a more uniform activation throughout the tapping frequency range. Furthermore, we found a stimulus rate dependence of cerebral activation in the primary auditory cortex. We believe that the present data provide useful information for the preparation and interpretation of future motor activation studies of normal human subjects and may serve as reference points for studies of pathological conditions.

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Mora-Jensen, Mark Holten, Pascal Madeleine, and Ernst Albin Hansen. "Vertical Finger Displacement Is Reduced in Index Finger Tapping During Repeated Bout Rate Enhancement." Motor Control 21, no. 4 (October 2017): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2016-0037.

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Hiscock, Merrill, Marcel Kinsbourne, Marilyn Samuels, and A. E. Krause. "Effects of speaking upon the rate and variability of concurrent finger tapping in children." Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 40, no. 3 (December 1985): 486–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(85)90079-7.

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Fischinger, Timo, and Annette Van Dyck-Hemming. "A Commentary on Poudrier's "Tapping to Carter: Mensural Determinacy in Complex Rhythmic Sequences"." Empirical Musicology Review 12, no. 3-4 (June 25, 2018): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v12i3-4.6382.

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This paper is a brief commentary on Poudrier's (2017) research article titled "Tapping to Carter: Mensural Determinacy in Complex Rhythmic Sequences." Poudrier's study aimed "to explore the relative salience of an implied beat in two contrasting rhythmic sequences" (p. 277) taken from one of Elliott Carter's compositions using a pulse finding paradigm. In our commentary, we critically evaluate the current approach and discuss further interpretations based on the author's results. Primarily, we argue that it is very difficult to draw any clear conclusions from the data (on a mathematical/statistical basis) because the recorded tapping behavior, namely the overall synchronization rate of the participants was far below chance level. These results therefore need to be interpreted with caution, which also implies that emergence of temporal expectations in terms of the concept of "mensural determinacy," originally conceptualized by Hasty (1997), still needs further clarification. Nevertheless, this study may serve as a fruitful example for a pulse finding study, offering some helpful insights into the methodological issues when applying a tapping paradigm to highly complex art/modern music.

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Marzilli, Thomas S., and John B. Shea. "Effects of Smoking Abstinence on Movement Regulation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 2 (April 2000): 624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.2.624.

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The effect of smoking abstinence on performance of a reciprocal tapping task was investigated. 6 habitual smokers performed a single-plate and two versions of a two-plate tapping task. Fitts' Law was used to compute an index of difficulty (ID) in bits for the tasks which was 0 bits for the single-plate and 3.32 and 4.17 bits for the two-plate versions of the task. While smoking abstinence had no effect on performance of the single-plate tapping task, it increased movement time on performance of both two-plate task versions. These findings may provide a coherent explanation for the prior findings of nicotine deprivation on psychomotor performance in the literature. This explanation suggests that the effects of nicotine deprivation as incurred through smoking abstinence may be on the central mechanisms regulating information-processing rate for successful movement regulation. Thus nicotine deprivation may not affect performance of simple psychomotor tasks which require minimal information processing but will affect the performance of more complex tasks requiring significantly more information processing for successful movement regulation.

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Zhang, Hanqi, Xi Xiao, Shiguang Ni, Changsheng Dou, Wei Zhou, and Shutao Xia. "Smartwatch User Authentication by Sensing Tapping Rhythms and Using One-Class DBSCAN." Sensors 21, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 2456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072456.

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As important sensors in smart sensing systems, smartwatches are becoming more and more popular. Authentication can help protect the security and privacy of users. In addition to the classic authentication methods, behavioral factors can be used as robust measures for this purpose. This study proposes a lightweight authentication method for smartwatches based on edge computing, which identifies users by their tapping rhythms. Based on the DBSCAN clustering algorithm, a new classification method called One-Class DBSCAN is presented. It first seeks core objects and then leverages them to perform user authentication. We conducted extensive experiments on 6110 real data samples collected from more than 600 users. The results show that our method achieved the lowest Equal Error Rate (EER) of only 0.92%, which was lower than those of other state-of-the-art methods. In addition, a statistical method for detecting the security level of a tapping rhythm is proposed. It can prevent users from setting a simple tapping rhythm password, and thus improve the security of smartwatches.

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Kouadio, Ballo Esperence, Soumahin Eric Francis, Ballo Koffi Celestin, Elabo Agnyman Eliathe Angeline, Adou Bini Yao Christophe, Kouadio Yatty Justin, and Obouayeba Samuel. "Effect of different preceding crops and land preparation methods on the agrophysiological and health parameters of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg clone GT 1 in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 33 (November 30, 2018): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n33p369.

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Land preparation method and preceding crops affect the evolution of rubber trees. Its ignorance and/or poor execution do not allow the efficient development of the agronomic and economic potentialities of plantations. In order to remove this constraint, a study was undertaken in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. The rubber trees were planted at 510 trees/ha according to a Fisherblock experimental design, of six preceding crop treatments with three repetitions. Only one latex harvesting system was applied (S/2 d/4 6d/7 ET 2.5% Pa 1 (1) 6/y). The parameters measured were rubber yield, annual average girth increment, physiological profile, sensitivity to tapping panel dryness and sensitivity to root rot caused by the genus Fomes. The results showed that the rate of rubber trees found in the plots was good (90.73± 0.47 %) and had varied with land preparation method depending on the preceding crops. Vegetative growth at tapping (2.05±1.36 cm.year -1 ), and average rubber yield (2053±179 kg.ha-1 .year -1 ) and the rate of tree loss due to the genus Fomes (8.33±0.42%) were influenced by land preparation method. The good productivity, the good physiological state of the rubber trees were characterized by a well balanced physiological profile and a tapping panel dryness rate (3.60 ± 1.74%), independently of treatments. The Agroeconomic results showed that mechanically prepared fallow (813641 FCFA.ha-1 .year -1 ) was the best preceding crop and land preparation method. This technical result has two main interests for the national rubber-growing industry, since it actively participates in the national policy for fighting against deforestation but also contributes to the establishment of a secondary forest by the attributes of the rubber-growing plant cover.

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Repp, Bruno H., and Rebecca Doggett. "Tapping to a Very Slow Beat: A Comparison of Musicians and Nonmusicians." Music Perception 24, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2007.24.4.367.

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WHEN NONMUSICIANS TAP with isochronous auditory tone sequences, the taps typically precede the tone onsets. However, when the tone inter-onset interval (IOI) is increased beyond 2 s, an increasing proportion of taps follows the tone onsets by 150 ms or more. Such responses indicate reactions rather than anticipations, and they have been interpreted as reflecting a rate limit of synchronization related to a temporal limit of auditory working memory. In the present study, musicians and nonmusicians were asked to synchronize their taps with sequences whose IOIs ranged from 1000 to 3500 ms. Nonmusicians showed much larger anticipation errors and higher variability but actually fewer reactive responses than musicians. No clear landmarks of a rate limit for synchronization were observed.

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Mandic, Borka, Zoran Lazic, Aleksa Markovic, Bojan Mandic, Miska Mandic, Ana Djinic, and Biljana Milicic. "Influence of postoperative low-level laser therapy on the osseointegration of self-tapping implants in the posterior maxilla: A 6-week split-mouth clinical study." Vojnosanitetski pregled 72, no. 3 (2015): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp131202075m.

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Background/Aim. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been proven to stimulate bone repair, affecting cellular proliferation, differentiation and adhesion, and has shown a potential to reduce the healing time following implant placement. The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the influence of postoperative LLLT osseointegration and early success of self-tapping implants placed into low-density bone. Methods. Following the split-mouth design, self-tapping implants (n = 44) were inserted in the posterior maxilla of 12 patients. One jaw side randomly received LLLT (test group), while the other side was placebo (control group). For LLLT, a 637 nm gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser (Medicolaser 637, Technoline, Belgrade, Serbia) with an output power of 40 mW and continuous wave was used. Low-level laser treatment was performed immediately after the surgery and then repeated every day in the following 7 days. The total irradiation dose per treatment was 6.26 J/cm? per implant. The study outcomes were: implant stability, alkaline-phosphatase (ALP) activity and early implant success rate. The follow-up took 6 weeks. Results. Irradiated implants achieved a higher stability compared with controls during the entire follow-up and the difference reached significance in the 5th postoperative week (paired t-test, p = 0.030). The difference in ALP activity between the groups was insignificant in any observation point (paired t-test, p > 0.05). The early implant success rate was 100%, regardless of LLLT usage. Conclusion. LLLT applied daily during the first postoperative week expressed no significant influence on the osseointegration of selftapping implants placed into low density bone of the posterior maxilla. Placement of self-tapping macro-designed implants into low density bone could be a predictable therapeutic procedure with a high early success rate regardless of LLLT usage.

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Iida, Masakazu, Kazuhiro Ogura, and Tetsui Hakone. "Analysis of Drainage Rate Variation of Molten Iron and Slag from Blast Furnace during Tapping." Tetsu-to-Hagane 95, no. 4 (2009): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.95.331.

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Iida, Masakazu, Kazuhiro Ogura, and Tetsui Hakone. "Analysis of Drainage Rate Variation of Molten Iron and Slag from Blast Furnace during Tapping." ISIJ International 48, no. 4 (2008): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.48.412.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tapping rate'

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