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Journal articles on the topic 'Taraxerol'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Yao, Xiang-Yang, and Qin Bai. "Taraxerol protects the human hepatic L02 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 12, no. 2 (April 20, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v12i2.30985.

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<p class="Abstract">Taraxerol is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. However, cytoprotective effect of taraxerol on hepatocytes has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of taraxerol in the human hepatic L02 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). Taraxerol decreased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced cell viability loss and lactate dehydrogenase release. Taraxerol also inhibited H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced cell apoptosis. Further, taraxerol attenuated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced increase in cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-activated p38 and JNK were also inhibited by taraxerol. These data suggest that taraxerol could protect the L02 cells against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced apoptosis via suppression of p38 and JNK. Taraxerol may be an effective protective agent against oxidative stress-induced liver injury.</p>

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2

Wu, Xiujun, Bernhard Vogler, Betsy R. Jackes, and William N. Setzer. "Terpenoids from Neolitsea Dealbata." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 2 (February 2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300204.

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A phytochemical investigation of the crude chloroform bark extract of Neolitsea dealbata from Paluma, north Queensland, Australia, revealed the two common triterpenoids, taraxerone and taraxerol, as well as three furanogermacranolide sesquiterpenoids, linderadine, linderalactone, and pseudoneolinderane. These compounds are reported for the first time from this plant. An ab initio investigation (DFT, B3LYP/6-31G* and post HF, MP2/6-31G**) of the Cope rearrangement of linderalactone has been carried out.

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3

Vieira, Milena G. Curcino, Frances R. dos Santos, Raimundo Braz Filho, and Ivo J. Curcino Vieira. "Chemical Constituents of Trichilia hirta (Meliaceae)." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 5 (May 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100508.

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A novel oleanane-type triterpene, 15-chloro-β-amyrone (1), was isolated from Trichilia hirta, together with the known compounds taraxer-3-one (2) and β-taraxerol (3), along with two novel esters, 3-(isobutyryloxy)-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl palmitate (4) and 3-(isobutyryloxy)-2,2,3-trimethylpentyl stearate (5), and the known 3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl isobutyrate (6). These compounds were characterized on the basis of their spectroscopic and HRSEIMS data and by comparison with literature data.

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4

Oladoye, Sunday Olusegun, Ezekiel Temidayo Ayodele, Misbaudeen Abdul Hammed, and Olajumoke Tolulope Idowu. "Characterisation and Identification of Taraxerol and Taraxer-14-en-3-one from Jatropha tanjorensis (Ellis and Saroja) Leaves." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 58, no. 1 (April 27, 2015): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.58.1.2015.46.50.

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Jatropha tanjorensis leaves were collected, air dried and pulverised. The pulverised sample was extracted with solvents (n-hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol) of varying polarity to obtain the crude extracts.Repeated column and thin layer chromatographic separation of the crude extracts afforded two compounds which were characterised by their IR, MS, 1H and 13C-NMR spectral data. Comparison of the data withliterature confirmed the compounds to be taraxerol and taraxer-14-en-3-one.

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5

González, Antonio G., Jaime Bermejo Barrera, Elsa Ma Rodríguez Pérez, and Consuelo E. Hernández Padrón. "Chemical Constituents of the Lichen Cladina macaronesica." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1991): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-1-203.

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Column chromatography of the acetone extract of the lichen Cladina macaronesica (Sephadex LH-20, silica gel and silver nitrate-im pregnated silica gel) afforded eight triterpenes identified by chemical and spectral m eans. α-Amyrenone, lupenone, taraxerol, taraxerone and /so-arborinol acetate were isolated for the first time from lichens and (-)-usnic acid and five mononuclear phenolic compounds were also obtained, four for the first time as natural products. The possible transformation of perlatolic acid into these phenolic compounds is briefly outlined.

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6

Kaennakam, Sutin, Jirapast Sichaem, Suttira Khumkratok, Pongpun Siripong, and Santi Tip-pyang. "A New Taraxerol Derivative from the Roots of Microcos Tomentosa." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 10 (October 2013): 1934578X1300801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300801007.

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A new 3β- O-vanilloyl-taraxerol, microcisin (1) and eight known compounds, 3β-taraxerol acetate (2), 3β-taraxerol (3), cholest-4-en-3-one (4), cholest-4-en-6β-ol-3-one (5), β-sitosterol (6), 7-hydroxycadalene (7), mellein (8) and vanillin (9), were isolated from the roots of Microcos tomentosa. The structures were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against KB and HeLa cells.

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7

Billodeaux, D. R., G. A. Benavides, N. H. Fischer, and F. R. Fronczek. "Taraxerol acetate at 100K." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 55, no. 12 (December 15, 1999): 2129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270199011403.

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8

Kouam, Simeon F., Ulrich Flörke, Karsten Krohn, M. Nadeem Akhtar, Bonaventure T. Ngadjui, and Berhanu M. Abegaz. "3β-Taraxerol fromBridelia micrantha." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 61, no. 3 (February 12, 2005): o599—o600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536805003934.

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9

Hemmers, Herbert, Paul-Gerhard Gülz, Franz-Josef Marner, and Victor Wray. "Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Epicuticular Waxes from Euphorbia lathyris L., Euphorbiaceae." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 44, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1989): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1989-3-404.

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Abstract The chemical composition of the leaf surface wax of Euphorbia lathyris L. was analysed using TLC, GC, GC-MS and NMR. A predominance of pentacyclic triterpenoids and primary alcohols was observed. They together constituted 60% of the total wax. Seven triterpenols: taraxerol, β-amyrin, lupeol, isomotiol, a-fernenol, simiarenol. Ψ-taraxasterol and eight triterpenones: taraxerone, β-amyrinone, lupenone, isomotione, a- and β-fernenone, simiarenone and filicanone were isolated. Among them , β-amyrin and lupeol were found esterified with homologous series of fatty acids. The minor part of wax was formed by long chained and predominantly saturated alkanes, wax esters, aldehydes and free fatty acids.

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10

Chunhakant and Chaicharoenpong. "Antityrosinase, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Phytochemical Constituents from Manilkara zapota L. Bark." Molecules 24, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 2798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152798.

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Hyperpigmentation is considered by many to be a beauty problem and is responsible for photoaging. To treat this skin condition, medicinal cosmetics containing tyrosinase inhibitors are used, resulting in skin whitening. In this study, taraxerol methyl ether (1), spinasterol (2), 6-hydroxyflavanone (3), (+)-dihydrokaempferol (4), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (5), taraxerol (6), taraxerone (7), and lupeol acetate (8) were isolated from Manilkara zapota bark. Their chemical structures were elucidated by analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) data, and by comparing them with data found in the literature. The in vitro antityrosinase, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds (1–8) were evaluated. (+)-Dihydrokaempferol (4) exhibited higher monophenolase inhibitory activity than both kojic acid and α-arbutin. However, it showed diphenolase inhibitory activity similar to kojic acid. (+)-Dihydrokaempferol (4) was a competitive inhibitor of both monophenolase and diphenolase activities. It exhibited the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities of the isolated compounds. Furthermore, (+)-dihydrokaempferol (4) also demonstrated potent cytotoxicity in breast carcinoma cell line (BT474), lung bronchus carcinoma cell line (Chago-K1), liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2), gastric carcinoma cell line (KATO-III), and colon carcinoma cell line (SW620). These results suggest that M. zapota bark might be a good potential source of antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors for applications in cosmeceutical products.

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11

Okoth, Dorothy A., and Neil A. Koorbanally. "Cardanols, Long Chain Cyclohexenones and Cyclohexenols from Lannea schimperi (Anacardiaceae)." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 1 (January 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000126.

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Alkenyl cyclohexenones (1a-d), alkenyl cyclohexenols (2a-c and 3b-d) and cardanols (4a-d) were isolated from the stem bark and root of Lannea schimperi. The alkenyl cyclohexenones (1a and 1d) and cardanols (4a and 4d) have side chains which have not been reported previously, in combination with the core skeletal structures. In addition, compounds 2a-c and 3b-d are all new cyclohexenols. Also isolated were the triterpenes, taraxerone and taraxerol, and sitosterol. The suite of compounds isolated (cyclohexenones and cyclohexenols) make up a nice biosynthetic pathway to the cardanols. The 5-[alkenyl]-4,5-dihydroxycyclohex-2-enone mixture (1a-d) exhibited good in vitro cytotoxicity against the Chinese Hamster Ovarian mammalian cell-line. The compounds were identified mainly from GCMS and NMR spectroscopic techniques.

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12

Han, Jung Yeon, Hye-Jeong Jo, Eun Kyung Kwon, and Yong Eui Choi. "Cloning and Characterization of Oxidosqualene Cyclases Involved in Taraxasterol, Taraxerol and Bauerenol Triterpene Biosynthesis in Taraxacum coreanum." Plant and Cell Physiology 60, no. 7 (April 24, 2019): 1595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz062.

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Abstract Triterpenes, consisting of six isoprene units, are one of the largest classes of natural compounds in plants. The genus Taraxacum is in the family Asteraceae and is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Various triterpenes, especially taraxerol and taraxasterol, are present in Taraxacum plants. Triterpene biosynthesis occurs through the action of oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), which generates various types of triterpenes from 2,3-oxidosqualene after the rearrangement of the triterpene skeleton. However, no functional characterization of the OSC genes involved in triterpene biosynthesis, except for a lupeol synthase in Taraxacum officinale, has been performed. Taraxacum coreanum, or Korean dandelion, grows in Korea and China. Putative OSC genes in T. coreanum plants were isolated by transcriptome analysis, and four of these (TcOSC1, TcOSC2, TcOSC3 and TcOSC4) were functionally characterized by heterologous expression in yeast. Both TcOSC1 and TcOSC2 were closely related to dammarenediol-II synthases. TcOSC3 and TcOSC4 were strongly grouped with β-amyrin synthases. Functional analysis revealed that TcOSC1 produced several triterpenes, including taraxasterol; Ψ-taraxasterol; α-, β- and δ-amyrin; and dammarenediol-II. TcOSC2 catalyzed the production of bauerenol and another unknown triterpene, TcOSC3 catalyzed the production of β-amyrin. TcOSC4 catalyzed the production of taraxerol. Moreover, we identified taraxasterol, ψ-taraxasterol, taraxerol, lupeol, δ-amyrin, α-amyrin, β-amyrin and bauerenol in the roots and leaves of T. coreanum. Our results suggest that TcOSC1, TcOSC2, TcOSC3 and TcOSC4 are key triterpene biosynthetic enzymes in T. coreanum. These enzymes are novel triterpene synthases involved in the production of taraxasterol, bauerenol and taraxerol.

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13

Kosai, Piya, Kanjana Sirisidthi, Kanitta Jiraungkoorskul, and Wannee Jiraungkoorskul. "Review on Ethnomedicinal uses of Memory Boosting Herb, Butterfly Pea, Clitoria ternatea." Journal of Natural Remedies 15, no. 2 (December 5, 2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2015/480.

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<em>Clitoria ternatea</em> (Family: Fabaceae) is one of the traditional medicinal plants used as “Shanka Pushpi” an Ayurvedic medicine used to boost or enhance neurological health. The plant contains alkaloid, flavonoid, taraxerol, taraxerone, triterpenoid and anthocyanin as active chemicals that bring about its biological effects. Its extracts possess a wide range of pharmacological activities including antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal, anti-fungal, anti-helmintic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antipyretic activities, hypolipidemia, immunomodulatory, and wound healing. This review is an attempt to compile information on various ethno medicinal uses of memory boosting herb, butterfly pea, <em>Clitoria ternatea</em>. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: It has a wide spectrum of neuro pharmacological benefits such as nootropic, anti-depressant, anti-stress, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant activities.

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14

Scourse, James, Fabienne Marret, Gerard J. M. Versteegh, J. H. Fred Jansen, E. Schefuß, and Johan van der Plicht. "High-resolution last deglaciation record from the Congo fan reveals significance of mangrove pollen and biomarkers as indicators of shelf transgression." Quaternary Research 64, no. 1 (July 2005): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.03.002.

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AbstractHigh abundances of mangrove pollen have been associated with transgressive cycles on tropical margins, but the detailed relations between systems tracts and the taphonomy of the pollen are unclear. We report here the occurrence and high abundance of Rhizophora pollen, in association with taraxerol, a Rhizophora-sourced biomarker, from a high-resolution Congo fan core covering the last deglaciation. An age model based on 14C dates enables the temporal changes in taraxerol content and the percentage frequencies and flux (pollen grains (pg) cm–2 (103 yr)–1) of mangrove pollen to be compared quantitatively with the lateral rate of transgression across the flooding surface (derived from glacio-hydro-isostatic model output and the bathymetry of the margin). Rhizophora pollen concentrations and taraxerol content of the sediment are very strongly positively correlated with the lateral rate of transgression and indicate, independently of any sequence stratigraphic context, that mangrove pollen spikes are associated with the transgressive systems tract rather than the highstand systems tract or maximum flooding surface. Lower-resolution longer-term records from this margin indicate an association between taraxerol concentrations and transgressive rather than regressive phases. The flux of these materials to the Congo fan is interpreted as a function of the erosion of flooded mangrove swamp on the shelf and less importantly, changing extent of mangrove habitat, during sea-level rise. Congo River palaeoflood events also result in reworking of mangrove pollen and supply to the fan, but this mechanism is subdominant. Rhizophora pollen has been underestimated in many palynological studies undertaken on cores from the African margin because of inappropriate sieve mesh size used during laboratory preparation.

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15

Anju, Vijayalekshmi, Sulochana Priya, Sabulal Baby, and Koranappallil Bahuleyan Rameshkumar. "Chemical Constituents and Cytotoxicity of Euphorbia vajravelui." Letters in Organic Chemistry 16, no. 8 (June 18, 2019): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178616666181129130127.

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Euphorbia species are important in traditional medicines as well as in horticulture. Though 82 Euphorbia species are reported from India, most of the species are yet to be explored for the phytochemicals or bioactivities. The present study reports the phytochemical and cytotoxicity studies of the Western Ghats endemic plant Euphorbia vajravelui. Compounds were isolated from the extracts of E. vajravelui using column chromatography and were characterized through various spectroscopic techniques. The structures were further confirmed through single crystal XRD. The major pentacyclic triterpene 3β-friedelinol was estimated using a validated HPTLC method. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was tested against human cervical cancer cell line HeLa and normal cardiac myoblasts cell line H9C2 using MTT assay. The pentacyclic triterpenoids taraxeryl acetate, epi-friedelinyl acetate, 3β-friedelinol, taraxerol, 3α-friedelinol and friedelane-2β,3α-diyl diacetate and the phenolic compound 3,4,3'-tri-Omethyl ellagic acid 4'-rutinoside were isolated and characterized from E. vajravelui. Single crystal XRD data of epi-friedelinyl acetate, taraxerol and 3α-friedelinol were also reported. The major compound 3β-friedelinol was found to contain 0.33 ± 0.03%, estimated through a validated HPTLC method. The extracts were non-toxic towards normal cell line H9C2 (cardiac myoblasts) and showed negligible cytotoxic effects towards cervical cancer cell line HeLa upto100 µg/mL concentration. The major compounds isolated from E. vajravelui were triterpenoids and single crystal XRD data unambiguously confirmed the structures. The latex extract was non toxic towards normal cell line H9C2 and cancer cell line HeLa and the result was relevant especially in the context of the eco-toxicological concerns around Euphorbia species. This is the first report of the phytochemical and cytotoxicity studies of the Western Ghats endemic species E. vajravelui.

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16

Tan, B. "Effects of taraxerol and taraxeryl acetate on cell cycle and apoptosis of human gastric epithelial cell line AGS." Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine 9, no. 6 (June 15, 2011): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3736/jcim20110610.

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17

Zafar, Rasheeduz, and Kiran Sharma. "Occurrence of taraxerol and taraxasterol in medicinal plants." Pharmacognosy Reviews 9, no. 17 (2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.156317.

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18

Gantait, Arunava, Amita Sahu, Pichairajan Venkatesh, Pradeep Dutta, and Pulok Mukherjee. "Isolation of taraxerol fromCoccinia grandis, and its standardization." Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC 23, no. 5 (October 2010): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/jpc.23.2010.5.3.

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19

Hasballah, Kartini, Murniana Sarong, Renzavaldy Rusly, Herdina Fitria, Dewi Rara Maida, and Muhammad Iqhrammullah. "Antiproliferative Activity of Triterpenoid and Steroid Compounds from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Calotropis gigantea Root Bark against P388 Murine Leukemia Cell Lines." Scientia Pharmaceutica 89, no. 2 (May 19, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/scipharm89020021.

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Calotropis gigantea has been known to produce bioactive secondary metabolites with antiproliferative activities against cancer cells. Herein, we extracted the secondary metabolites using ethyl acetate from its root bark and further tested its antiproliferative activities against P388 murine leukemia cell lines. The subfractions from the ethyl acetate extract was obtained from Vacuum Liquid Column Chromatography (VLCC), and followed by Gravity Column Chromatography (GCC). The subfraction C2 and D1 were identified to contain triterpenoids and steroids with the most potent cytotoxicity against Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2-5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay suggested that ethyl acetate extract has the highest antiproliferative activities against P388 murine leukemia cell lines (IC50 = 21.79 μg/mL), as opposed to subfraction C2 (IC50 = 50.64 µg/mL) and subfraction D1 (IC50 = 49.33 µg/mL). The compound identified in subfraction C2 and D1 are taraxerol acetate and calotropone, respectively. Though taraxerol acetate and calotropone were active in inhibiting the leukemic cell lines, their IC50s were lower than the ethyl acetate extract, which is probably due to the synergism of the secondary metabolites.

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20

Cursino, Lorena Mayara de Carvalho, Adriana Spirotto Stein Mesquita, Denny William de Oliveira Mesquita, Carromberth Carioca Fernandes, Orlando Libório Pereira Junior, Ieda Leão do Amaral, and Cecilia Veronica Nunez. "Triterpenos das folhas de Minquartia guianensis Aubl. (Olacaceae)." Acta Amazonica 39, no. 1 (March 2009): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672009000100018.

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Este artigo descreve o isolamento dos triterpenos lupeol, taraxerol, lupen-3-ona e esqualeno obtido do extrato diclorometânico das folhas da espécie Minquartia guianensis Aubl., pertencente à família Olacaceae. Estes terpenóides foram isolados através de técnicas cromatográficas e identificados utilizando Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) de ¹H e de 13C. Na literatura disponível, este é o primeiro relato destes triterpenos em M. guianensis.

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21

González, Antonio G., Elsa M. Rodríguez Pérez, Consuelo E. Hernández Padrón, and Jaime Bermejo Barrera. "Chemical Constituents of the Lichen Stereocaulon azoreum." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 47, no. 7-8 (August 1, 1992): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1992-7-802.

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Column chromatography of the acetone extract of the lichen Stereocaulon azoreum afforded several substances identified by chemical and spectral means; α-amyrin, lupeol, taraxerol, ursolic acid, ergosterol peroxide, brassicasterol, cerevisterol, stictic acid and an acetone-condensation derivative, lobaric acid. Furthermore atranorin, methyl β-orsellinate, atranol and, for the first time from the genus Stereocaulon, cryptostictic acid and the dibenzofuran, strepsilin were isolated.

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22

Nguyen Kim Tuyen, Pham, Nguyen Thi Quynh Trang, Huynh Cong Doan, Pham Dinh Thuong, Nguyen Trung Duan, Tran Doan Duy Cuong, Huynh Bui Linh Chi, Nguyen Thi Anh Tuyet, Nguyen Kim Phi Phung, and Thu Thi-Hoai Nguyen. "Triterpenoids and coumarins from the leaves of Sterculia foetida Linn." Science and Technology Development Journal 23, no. 4 (October 25, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v23i4.2449.

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Introduction: Sterculia foetida Linn. is widely distributed in tropical countries. As the continuous study on the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Sterculia foetida leaves, the isolation and structural determination of four triterpenoids and two coumarins were addressed. Method: The crude extract was prepared from dried power of Sterculia foetida leaves by maceration method in ethanol. This extract was then separated by liquid-liquid partition with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, respectively, to obtain the corresponding extracts. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were applied to multiple silica gel column chromatography to yield six compounds. Their chemical structures were determined by the NMR data analysis as well as the comparison their spectroscopic data and physical properties with those of reported literature. Results: Four triterpenoid compounds, including betulinic acid (1), conyzasaponin G (2), taraxerol (3), and taraxer-14-ene- 1a,3b -diol (4), and two coumarins fraxetin (5), and aesculin (6) were identified. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, they have not been reported in the leaves of Sterculia foetida before, and compound 2 was known to present in Sterculia genus for the first time.

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23

Mazlan, Noor Wini, Carol Clements, and RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel. "Targeted Isolation of Anti-Trypanosomal Naphthofuran-Quinone Compounds from the Mangrove Plant Avicennia lanata." Marine Drugs 18, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18120661.

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The discovery of new secondary metabolites from natural origins has become more challenging in natural products research. Different approaches have been applied to target the isolation of new bioactive metabolites from plant extracts. In this study, bioactive natural products were isolated from the crude organic extract of the mangrove plant Avicennia lanata collected from the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia in the Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu, using HRESI-LCMS-based metabolomics-guided isolation and fractionation. Isolation work on the crude extract A. lanata used high-throughput chromatographic techniques to give two new naphthofuranquinone derivatives, hydroxyavicenol C (1) and glycosemiquinone (2), along with the known compounds avicenol C (3), avicequinone C (4), glycoquinone (5), taraxerone (6), taraxerol (7), β-sitosterol (8) and stigmasterol (9). The elucidation and identification of the targeted bioactive compounds used 1D and 2D-NMR and mass spectrometry. Except for 6–9, all isolated naphthoquinone compounds (1–5) from the mangrove plant A. lanata showed significant anti-trypanosomal activity on Trypanosoma brucei brucei with MIC values of 3.12–12.5 μM. Preliminary cytotoxicity screening against normal prostate cells (PNT2A) was also performed. All compounds exhibited low cytotoxicity, with compounds 3 and 4 showing moderate cytotoxicity of 78.3% and 68.6% of the control values at 100 μg/mL, respectively.

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24

Ango, Patrick Y., Deccaux W. F. G. Kapche, Ghislain W. Fotso, Christian D. Fozing, Elizabeth M. O. Yeboah, Renameditswe Mapitse, Ibrahim Demirtas, Bonaventure T. Ngadjui, and Samuel O. Yeboah. "Thonningiiflavanonol A and thonningiiflavanonol B, two novel flavonoids, and other constituents of Ficus thonningii Blume (Moraceae)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 71, no. 3-4 (March 1, 2016): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2015-0147.

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Abstract A phytochemical study of Ficus thonningii has led to the isolation of two previously unreported compounds, thonningiiflavanonol A and thonningiiflavanonol B together with 16 known compounds: shuterin, naringenin, syringic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, genistein, 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentahydroxyflavanone, luteolin, methylparaben, aromadendrin, garbanzol, dihydroquercetin, 5,7,3′-trihydroxyflavanone, β-sitosterol, sitosterolglucoside, lupeol acetate, and taraxerol. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The new compounds and extracts displayed potent antioxidant activity.

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Versteegh, Gerard J. M., Enno Schefuß, Lydie Dupont, Fabienne Marret, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and J. H. Fred Jansen. "Taraxerol and Rhizophora pollen as proxies for tracking past mangrove ecosystems." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68, no. 3 (February 2004): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(03)00456-3.

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Zapp, Hildegard, Kerstin Orth, Josef Zapp, Joseph D. Connolly, and Hans Becker. "21,28-Epoxy-18β,21β-Dihydroxbaccharan-3-one and Other Terpenoids from the Liverwort Lepidozia Chordulifera T. Taylor." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 11 (November 2008): 1934578X0800301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800301103.

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A new triterpenoid, 21,28-epoxy-18β,21β-dihydroxybaccharan-3-one (1), with a spiro-hemiketal side-chain, has been isolated from the liverwort Lepidozia chordulifera. The plant also yielded (6S*, 7S*)-3-norhimachal-1-en-3-one (3), an epimer of a known norhimachalane, the rare 3β-hydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanordammaran-20-one and the triterpenoids shoreic acid, taraxerol, betulinic acid, betulonic acid and ursolic acid. Their structures have been assigned on the basis of their spectroscopic properties.

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Ahmed, Farhana, Mohammad Sharifur Rahman, Muhammad Abdullah Al Mansur, and Mohammad A. Rashid. "Triterpenoids and Steroid from the Leaves of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis.)." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 1 (August 8, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v15i1.29185.

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Three triterpenes a one steroidal glucoside were isolated from the methanolic crude extract and its carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of the leaves of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis.). The structure of the isolated compounds were established as erythrodiol (1), betulinic acid (2), ?-sitosterol-3-O-?-D-glucoside (3) and taraxerol (4) by high field NMR analyses. This is the first report of the occurrence of these compounds in C. citrinus growing in Bangladesh.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(1): 1-5, 2016 (June)

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Lopes, Leandra Gobira, Gabriela Lopes Tavares, Luciana Dias Thomaz, José Ricardo Sabino, Keyller Bastos Borges, Paulo Cezar Vieira, Thiago André Moura Veiga, and Warley de Souza Borges. "Taraxerol 4-Methoxybenzoate, anin vitroInhibitor of Photosynthesis Isolated fromPavonia multifloraA.St-Hil. (Malvaceae)." Chemistry & Biodiversity 13, no. 3 (March 2016): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201500049.

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Kumar, Venkatesan, Kakali Mukherjee, Satheesh Kumar, Mainak Mal, and Pulok K. Mukherjee. "Validation of HPTLC method for the analysis of taraxerol in Clitoria ternatea." Phytochemical Analysis 19, no. 3 (November 9, 2007): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.1042.

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Shahi, Jaya, and Ajay Singh. "Effect of bioactive compounds extracted from euphorbious plants on hematological and biochemical parameters of Channa punctatus." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 53, no. 5 (October 2011): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652011000500004.

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Channa punctatus was exposed to four different concentrations of Rutin, Taraxerol and Apigenin. Changes in some hematological parameters of Channa punctatus were assessed to determine the influence of these compounds on test fish. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (80% of LC50 of 24h) of these compounds for one week. Control fish were also administered for one week. Thereafter, blood samples were obtained from the control and experimental fish. Blood was assayed for selected hematological parameters (hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, white blood cell count total plasma protein and plasma glucose concentration). The derived hematological indices of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were calculated. Sublethal concentrations of these compounds caused a dose dependent decrease in hemoglobin values coupled with a decrease in hematocrit values and red blood cell counts are an obvious indication of anemia. The total white blood cell counts and the differential white blood cell counts were decreased except for the lymphocytes, where there was a slight increase. Plasma protein and glucose were also lower in exposed fish when compared with control. The hematological indices MCH, MCHC, MCV were also lowered. The result from this study reveals high mortality rate and deleterious consequences on the health of fish subjected to acute exposure of Rutin, Taraxerol and Apigenin and therefore, should not be used directly in aquaculture without having the proper knowledge.

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Giang, Phan Minh. "Formation of Oleanan-12-One Triterpenoid from Taraxerol Via Wagner-Meerwein/Pinacol Rearrangement." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 55, no. 4 (July 2019): 762–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-019-02804-6.

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Yao, Xiangyang, Guilan Li, Qin Bai, Hui Xu, and Chaotian Lü. "Taraxerol inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses through suppression of TAK1 and Akt activation." International Immunopharmacology 15, no. 2 (February 2013): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.032.

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Chauhan, Saroj, and Ajay Singh. "Impact of Taraxerol in combination with extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant on biological parameters of Lymnaea acuminata." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 53, no. 5 (October 2011): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652011000500005.

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The present work was carried out to evaluate the molluscicidal activity of active ingredient Taraxerol with the acetone extract of Euphorbia tirucalli against Lymnaea acuminata snail. The (fecundity, hatchability and survivability) of snail L. acuminata exposed to this extract was studied. The effects of the tested extracts on life-history traits of harmful snail L. acuminata have also been evaluated, and this study also expounds the inhibitory effects of these extracts singly as well as in binary combination (1:1 ratio). It concluded that these herbal products act as a potential source of molluscicides, and that they would also have the advantage of easy availability, low cost, biodegradability and greater acceptance amongst users than synthetic pesticide.

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Yadav, Ram P., and Ajay Singh. "EFFECTS OF SINGLE, BINARY AND TERTIARY COMBINATIONS WITH Jatropha gossypifolia AND OTHER PLANT-DERIVED MOLLUSCICIDES ON REPRODUCTION AND SURVIVAL OF THE SNAIL Lymnaea acuminata." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 56, no. 5 (September 2014): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652014000500009.

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The effect of sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC50/24h) of plant derived molluscicides of singly, binary (1:1) and tertiary (1:1:1) combinations of the Rutin, Ellagic acid, Betulin and taraxerol with J. gossypifolia latex, leaf and stem bark powder extracts and their active component on the reproduction of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata have been studied. It was observed that the J. gossypifolia latex, stem bark, individual leaf and their combinations with other plant derived active molluscicidal components caused a significant reduction in fecundity, hatchability and survival of young snails. It is believed that sub-lethal exposure of these molluscicides on snail reproduction is a complex process involving more than one factor in reducing the reproductive capacity.

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35

Meyre-Silva, Christiane, Cristiane Maes Petry, Talita Elisa Berté, Renan Gandolfi Becker, Francielle Zanatta, Franco Delle-Monache, Valdir Cechinel-Filho, and Sérgio Faloni Andrade. "Phytochemical Analyses and Gastroprotective Effects of Eugenia Umbelliflora (Myrtaceae) on Experimental Gastric Ulcers." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 7 (July 2009): 1934578X0900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400706.

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Phytochemical studies of Eugenia umbelliflora Berg. (Myrtaceae) resulted in the isolation of: taraxerol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, betulin and betulinic acid from the leaves, as well as trimethoxy ellagic acid from the fruits. Given that several triterpenes were found in the extracts, and that these possess gastroprotective activity, the gastroprotective activity of E. umbelliflora leaf extract was evaluated using ethanol, indomethacin, and stress-induced ulcer models in mice. The crude methanol extract was administrated (v.o) in doses of 50, 125 and 250 mg/kg. The results showed that E. umbelliflora leaves display gastroprotective activity, as demonstrated by significant inhibition of ulcer formation in the different models. The results suggest that the gastroprotective activity may be attributed, at least in part, to the triterpenes.

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Sangeetha, K. N., K. Shilpa, P. Jyothi Kumari, and B. S. Lakshmi. "Reversal of dexamethasone induced insulin resistance in 3T3L1 adipocytes by 3β-taraxerol of Mangifera indica." Phytomedicine 20, no. 3-4 (February 2013): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.10.011.

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37

Kim, Jung-Hyun, Lydie Dupont, Hermann Behling, and Gerard J. M. Versteegh. "Impacts of rapid sea-level rise on mangrove deposit erosion: application of taraxerol andRhizophora records." Journal of Quaternary Science 20, no. 3 (2005): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.904.

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38

Khanra, Ritu, Niloy Bhattacharjee, Tarun K. Dua, Ashis Nandy, Achintya Saha, Jatin Kalita, Prasenjit Manna, and Saikat Dewanjee. "Taraxerol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, from Abroma augusta leaf attenuates diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic rats." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 94 (October 2017): 726–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.112.

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39

Khanra, Ritu, Saikat Dewanjee, Tarun K. Dua, and Niloy Bhattacharjee. "Taraxerol, a pentacyclic triterpene from Abroma augusta leaf, attenuates acute inflammation via inhibition of NF-κB signaling." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 88 (April 2017): 918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.132.

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40

Machado, Karina E., Valdir Cechinel Filho, Rosana C. B. Cruz, Christiane Meyre-Silva, and Alexandre Bella Cruz. "Antifungal Activity of Eugenia umbelliflora against Dermatophytes." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 9 (September 2009): 1934578X0900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400904.

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Antifungal activities of Eugenia umbelliflora Berg. (Myrtaceae) were tested in vitro against a panel of standard and clinical isolates of human fungal pathogens (dermatophytes and opportunistic saprobes). Methanol extracts of leaves and fruits of E. umbelliflora were separately prepared and partitioned, to yield dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous fractions (Aq). Three compounds (1-3) were obtained from the DCM extract using chromatographic procedures. Antifungal assays were performed using agar dilution techniques. Both extracts (fruits and leaves), their DCM and EtOAc fractions, and compound 2 (betulin and betulinic acid) presented selective antifungal activity against dermatophytes (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes), with MIC values between 200 and 1000 μg/mL, and interestingly, inhibited 4/5 species with MIC values of ≤500 ≤g/mL. The aqueous fractions of fruits and leaves, and compounds 1 (α, β amyrin) and 3 (taraxerol) were inactive up to the maximum concentrations tested (1000 μg/mL).

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41

Ngoc Dinh, Thuc, Mai Vu Thi Ha, Luong Ngo Xuan, Huan Trinh Thi, Huong Nguyen Thi, Mai Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Giap Tran Huu, Oanh Vu Thi Kim, and Thanh Le Nguyen. "A New Pyrrolidone Alkaloid and Other Constituents from Rourea oligophlebia Stems." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (August 18, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6659106.

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Phytochemical study of Rourea oligophlebia stems led to the isolation of a new 2-pyrrolidone alkaloid (R,S)-N-(5-hydroxyl-pyrrolidin-2-one-1-yl)acetamide (1), together with 14 known compounds including friedelin (2), friedanol (3), taraxerol (4), vanillin (5), coniferyl aldehyde (6), apigenin (7), 7α-hydroxy-3β-sitosterol (8), coniferyl alcohol (9), scopoletin (10), emodin (11), protocatechuic acid (12), catechin (13), procyanidin A1 (14), and (E)-2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-β-D-glucoside (15). Several isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. Compound 11 exhibited good antimicrobial activity on Gram (+) strains and moderate cytotoxicity against KB, Hep-G2, and LU cancer cell lines. Compounds 6 and 8–10 showed selective activity on HepG-2 and MCF-7 over KB and LU cancer cell lines, while compound 7 exhibited similar effects on KB, HepG-2, and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 36.46 ± 0.81, 32.00 ± 0.58, and 32.03 ± 0.61 µg/mL, respectively.

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42

Yoon, Yong Pill, Hyun Jae Lee, Dong-Ung Lee, Sang Kook Lee, Jang-Hee Hong, and Choong Jae Lee. "Effects of Lupenone, Lupeol, and Taraxerol Derived fromAdenophora triphyllaon the Gene Expression and Production of Airway MUC5AC Mucin." Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 78, no. 3 (2015): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2015.78.3.210.

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43

Swain, Swasti S., Kedar K. Rout, and Pradeep K. Chand. "Production of Triterpenoid Anti-cancer Compound Taraxerol in Agrobacterium-Transformed Root Cultures of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.)." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 168, no. 3 (July 28, 2012): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9791-8.

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44

Sharma, Kiran, and Rasheeduz Zafar. "Optimization of methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced production of taraxerol and taraxasterol in (Taraxacum officinale Weber) cultures." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 103 (June 2016): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.02.029.

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Berté, Talita Elisa, Ana Paula Dalmagro, Priscila Laiz Zimath, Ana Elisa Gonçalves, Christiane Meyre-Silva, Cristiani Bürger, Carla J. Weber, Diogo Adolfo dos Santos, Valdir Cechinel-Filho, and Márcia M. de Souza. "Taraxerol as a possible therapeutic agent on memory impairments and Alzheimer’s disease: Effects against scopolamine and streptozotocin-induced cognitive dysfunctions." Steroids 132 (April 2018): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.002.

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Sangeetha, Kadapakkam Nandabalan, Sundaresan Sujatha, Velusamy Shanmuganathan Muthusamy, Singaravel Anand, Nirmal Nithya, Devadasan Velmurugan, Arun Balakrishnan, and Baddireddi Subhadra Lakshmi. "3β-taraxerol of Mangifera indica, a PI3K dependent dual activator of glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1800, no. 3 (March 2010): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.12.002.

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47

Pereira, Sinval Garcia, and Giselle Maria Skelding Pinheiro Guilhon. "Triterpenos e atividade carrapaticida da espécie Lecythis usitata (Lecythidaceae)." Conexão Ciência (Online) 15, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24862/cco.v15i2.1291.

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Introdução: A resistência do Rhipicephalus microplus (carrapato do gado) aos acaricidas sintéticos deu origem à necessidade de novas investigações científicas sobre formas alternativas de controlá-lo. Objetivos: Desta formam o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a investigação química de folhas de Lecythis usitata e avaliar o efeito acaricida sobre larvas e fêmeas de R. microplus dos extratos, frações e substâncias identificadas. Metodologia: As folhas de L. usitata foram extraídas com hexano e, posteriormente com metanol. O extrato de metanólico (PFQP) foi particionado, obtendo-se fração acetato de etila (PFQO) que foi fracionada por procedimentos cromatográficos produzindo triterpenos. O efeito acaricida foi avaliado contra R. microplus usando o teste de pacotes larvais e teste de imersão de fêmeas. Resultados: O melhor resultado foi observado para o PFQO que causou 97% de mortalidade quando uma solução de 20% foi usada. Na mesma concentração, o extrato polar PFQP mostrou 91% de mortalidade. Conclusão: Os efeitos biológicos variaram de acordo com os extratos e as concentrações das frações. O Friedelanol, como principal composto identificado, e mistura dos triterpenos α-amyrinas e β-amyrins, taraxerol e lupeol foram inativos, considerando os parâmetros e concentrações testados. Palavras - chaves: Friedelanol; Rhipicephalus microplus; Sapucaia

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Nithyamol Kalappurakkal, Vidyan, Dwaipayan Bhattacharya, Sumana Chakravarty, and Mallavadhani Venkata Uppuluri. "Isolation, Synthesis and AChE Inhibitory Potential of Some Novel Cinnamyl Esters of Taraxerol, the Major Metabolite of the Mangrove Bruguiera cylindrica." Chemistry & Biodiversity 15, no. 4 (March 25, 2018): e1800008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201800008.

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Uchenna, Amadi P., Ogunka-Nnoka Charity, and Bene Abbey. "Effect of Simultaneous Snail Slime-aided Degradation and Yeast Fermentation on Terpenoid Composition of Plantain Pseudostem Waste." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 20, no. 6 (July 9, 2019): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201020666190408120018.

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Background: In this study, local sustainable enzyme sources involving excised digestive juice of African land snail and yeast were utilized to achieve the simultaneous saccharification (SSF) and fermentation (SSF) of plantain pseudostem (PPS) waste, and afterwards their effects on terpenoids using gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), were examined. Methods: The most abundant terpenoids were found in the order α-pinene > borneol > camphor > humulene > β-caryophellene, while the least in abundance were cis ocimene (8.78x10-6 mg/100g), and cyperene (1.81x10-5 mg/100g). The application of exclusive fermentation and SSF respectively elevated azuluene by 95.46 and 99.6%, while pinene-2-ol was elevated by 83.02 and 98.57%, respectively. Results: Both exclusive fermentation and SSF had no effect on myrcene, cyperene, ethyl cinnamate, germacrene b, valencene, beta selinene, aromadendrene, and taraxerol, while the degree of degradation of some of the terpenoids by both processes was respectively as follows; gama muurolene (100%), β-caryophyllene (97.60 and 93.14%), α-terpinenyl acetate (91.95 and 83.16%), geranyl acetate (94.81 and 43.87%), and terpinen-4-ol (94.40 and 57.00%). Conclusion: The findings of this study encourage the imminent application of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for the enhancement of bioactivities of terpenoids.

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Silva, Cesar A., and Luiz A. S. Madureira. "Source correlation of biomarkers in a mangrove ecosystem on Santa Catarina Island in southern Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 84, no. 3 (July 10, 2012): 589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652012005000042.

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The relative distribution of several compounds identified in four samples of recently deposited sediments of the Itacorubi Mangrove located on the Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil, was compared with similar data on compounds extracted from fresh leaves of three mangrove species (Avicennia schaueriana, the dominant species in the area, Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemosa) and the Gramineae Spartinna alterniflora. Terpenols, previously identified in mangrove species in northern Brazil, were also found. A. schaueriana mainly contains β-amyrin (90.6 μg g-1 of extractable organic matter); low amounts of friedelin, betulin and germanicol were detected only in the leaf extract of this species. R. mangle also contained a significant amount of β-amyrin and it was the only species where taraxerol was detected. In contrast to the leaves, sediment extracts were dominated by germanicol, α-amyrin and campesterol. Despite its chemical lability, betulin was also detected. Two homologous series of α and ω-hydroxy fatty acids were detected in the acid-alkaline fraction. In spite of being reported in the literature as components of terrigenous plants, saturated ω-hydroxy acids were not identified. Our results indicate that although triterpenols may be used as biomarkers for mangrove-derived organic matter, their relative distribution can change according to the region.

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