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Journal articles on the topic 'Tarif preferences'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Yandito, Mezky Matthew, and Alvinsyah . "MODEL PILIHAN PENUMPANG ANGKUTAN KOTA DAN KERETA REL LISTRIK DI JAKARTA." Jurnal Transportasi 19, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jt.v19i1.3261.39-48.

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Abstract With the operation of the Electric Rail Train in the Jakarta Kota-Tanjung Priok route at the end of 2015, it is estimated that there is a potential for the transfer of passengers from other modes to the Electric Rail Train. The purpose of this study is to estimate the factors that influence passenger preferences in traveling on the Jakarta Kota-Tanjung Priok route and form a demand analysis tool in the form of a modal choice model. The analysis was carried out using the binomial logit model approach which was developed based on the stated preference survey results on public transportation passengers that traveled on the similar route as the route where the Electric Rail Train operates. The factors included in the stated preference survey were obtained through literature studies and interviews, and through a pilot survey 3 factors were chosen which most influenced the mode choice. Based on the results of the correlation test, it was found that the variable that most influences the mode choice is the tariff. Keywords: passenger preferences, choice model, stated preference, tariff Abstrak Dengan beroperasinya Kereta Rel Listrik rute Jakarta Kota–Tanjung Priok pada akhir tahun 2015, diperkirakan terdapat potensi perpindahan penumpang dari moda lainnya ke Kereta Rel Listrik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperkirakan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi preferensi penumpang dalam melakukan perjalanan di rute Jakarta Kota–Tanjung Priok dan membentuk perangkat analisis permintaan berbentuk model pemilihan moda. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan model logit binomial yang dikembangkan berdasarkan hasil survei stated preference terhadap penumpang angkot yang melalui rute yang sama dengan rute Kereta Rel Listrik. Faktor-faktor yang dimasukkan dalam survei stated preference diperoleh melalui studi literatur dan wawancara, dan melalui survei pilot dipilih 3 faktor yang dinilai paling memengaruhi pilihan moda. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi ditemukan bahwa variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pilihan moda adalah tarif. Kata-kata kunci: preferensi penumpang, model pemilihan, stated preference, tarif
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2

Ahmad, Jaleel. "Diversion et création d’échanges commerciaux dans le cadre du système canadien de préférences tarifaires." Articles 55, no. 1 (June 29, 2009): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800814ar.

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This paper explores in quantitative terms the potential effects on trade flows as a result of Canadian tariff preferences in favor of the developing countries instituted in 1974. The paper develops a model of trade creation and trade diversion due to preferences based on imperfect substitution, within each product category, between preference-granting, preference-receiving and non-preferred countries. This model depart from the usual assumption of the customs union theory that countries trade in perfect substitutes. The model is then applied to the 1978 trade date under BTN chapters 25 - 99 on a 4-digit classification. One major conclusion of the paper is that the assumption of perfect substitution tends to overstate the magnitude of trade creation and trade diversion, while the method based on less than perfect substitutability seems to offer more realistic estimates of the actual impact of trade preferences.
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3

Jang, Minseok, Hyun-Cheol Jeong, Taegon Kim, and Sung-Kwan Joo. "Load Profile-Based Residential Customer Segmentation for Analyzing Customer Preferred Time-of-Use (TOU) Tariffs." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 6130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196130.

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Smart meters and dynamic pricing are key factors in implementing a smart grid. Dynamic pricing is one of the demand-side management methods that can shift demand from on-peak to off-peak. Furthermore, dynamic pricing can help utilities reduce the investment cost of a power system by charging different prices at different times according to system load profile. On the other hand, a dynamic pricing strategy that can satisfy residential customers is required from the customer’s perspective. Residential load profiles can be used to comprehend residential customers’ preferences for electricity tariffs. In this study, in order to analyze the preference for time-of-use (TOU) rates of Korean residential customers through residential electricity consumption data, a representative load profile for each customer can be found by utilizing the hourly consumption of median. In the feature extraction stage, six features that can explain the customer’s daily usage patterns are extracted from the representative load profile. Korean residential load profiles are clustered into four groups using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with Bayesian information criterion (BIC), which helps find the optimal number of groups, in the clustering stage. Furthermore, a choice experiment (CE) is performed to identify Korean residential customers’ preferences for TOU with selected attributes. A mixed logit model with a Bayesian approach is used to estimate each group’s customer preference for attributes of a time-of-use (TOU) tariff. Finally, a TOU tariff for each group’s load profile is recommended using the estimated part-worth.
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4

CADOT, OLIVIER, CELINE CARRERE, JAIME DE MELO, and BOLORMAA TUMURCHUDUR. "Product-specific rules of origin in EU and US preferential trading arrangements: an assessment." World Trade Review 5, no. 2 (May 16, 2006): 199–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745606002758.

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Building on earlier work by Estevadeordal (2000), we construct a synthetic index (R-index) intending to capture the restrictiveness of rules of origin in preferential trading agreements. The R-index is applied to NAFTA and the Single List of the EU's PANEURO system covering all of the EU's preferential trade agreements. The R-index highlights how a common set of rules of origin can affect countries differently depending on their export structures, and how their complexity varies across sectors. Having controlled for the extent of tariff preference at the tariff-line level, the R-index contributes to explain differences in the rate at which preferences are used. Finally, we compute estimates of the compliance costs associated with rules of origin under NAFTA and under PANEURO and find them to be between 6.8% of good value (NAFTA) and 8% (PANEURO).
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5

Manushina, A. P., and A. V. Efimov. "The Role of the Eaeu Tariff Preferences Provided to the Goods of Developing Countries in Modern World Trade." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 3 (October 8, 2019): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-3-124-136.

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Nowadays the trade policy of different countries is characterized by an increased spread of preferential trade regimes. These regimes serve as the initial stage of the creation of integration groups, contribute to the solution of economic and political problems. A striking example of the implementation of preferential trade regimes is the practice of granting tariff preferences, including to developing countries. These preferences are the benefits of the customs tariff in the implementation of trade and political relations with foreign countries and are provided in the form of a reduction in the rate of import customs duty on goods originating from developing countries-users of the Unified system of tariff preferences of the Eurasian economic Union (EAEU USTP). The article considers the role of tariff preferences in modern world trade. The study was conducted on the example of developing countries-using of the EAEU USTP. The article analyzes the practice of granting tariff preferences to developing countries, as well as the features of declaring goods originating from these countries.The relevance of the article lies in the fact that today the role of tariff preferences in the trade of the EAEU with third countries is constantly growing, stimulating foreign trade turnover. The findings of the study can be used to adjust the list of developing countries-users of the EAEU USTP and the list of preferential goods, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of modern world trade.
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6

Wu, Wen-Chin. "Rethinking coalition size and trade policies in authoritarian regimes: Are single-party dictatorships less protectionist?" Party Politics 26, no. 2 (January 12, 2018): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068817752517.

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Recent studies find that single-party dictatorships are more open to trade due to their larger coalitions than other types of dictatorships. However, this line of research assumes that the preference for trade policies is homogeneous among members of the coalition. This assumption means existing studies fail to explain why single-party dictatorships have more dispersed and complex tariffs rates, an alternative form of protectionism. In this article, I argue that the heterogeneous preferences for free trade among social groups lead to tariff complexity under dictatorships with large coalitions. When dictators need to build larger coalitions, they do not need to exclude all special interest groups but to respond to heterogeneous demands of trade policies in a more selective way. Thus, politicians under single-party dictatorships are more likely to set ad hoc tariffs to favor different members in their coalitions, resulting in complex tariff schedules.
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7

KISHORE, PALLAVI. "A Critical Analysis of Conditionalities in the Generalized System of Preferences." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 54 (July 18, 2017): 98–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2017.8.

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AbstractThis article examines conditionalities in the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) in light of the European Communities – Conditions for the Granting of Tariff Preferences to Developing Countries (EC – Tariff Preferences) case at the World Trade Organization (WTO). The article largely undertakes this examination from the point of view of developing countries. It mainly examines the issue of discrimination in conditionalities since this was the principal question raised in the EC – Tariff Preferences case and makes suggestions regarding the regulation of conditionalities. In doing so, the article follows two trajectories: first, it makes suggestions for the WTO panels and Appellate Body, and, second, it makes suggestions for GSP donors, by analyzing the new European GSP + Scheme and by drawing inspiration from conditionalities in the loans granted by the World Bank.
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8

Sullivan, Emmett. "Revealing a preference: Imperial preference and the Australian tariff, 1901–14." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 29, no. 1 (January 2001): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086530108583111.

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9

Barsegyan, D. E. "Analysis of the impact of tariff preferences on the foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia." Upravlenie 8, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2020-8-4-42-50.

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The article considers the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia, as well as the impact of tariff preferences on foreign trade between two countries. The analysed measures were: dynamics of the Russian Federation’s exports to the Republic of Serbia, dynamics of the Russian Federation’s imports from the Republic of Serbia, tariff preferences applied between countries. The article provides statistical data on the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia for 2010–2019 and their dependence on the application of tariff preferences, as well as indicators of trade between the EAEU and the EAEU member states with the Republic of Serbia for 2017–2019. The paper analyses the possible directions of Serbia’s participation in the EAEU and the European Union, assesses the benefits of creating a free trade zone between the EAEU and Serbia, as well as the costs of Serbia’s integration into the European Union. The importance of tariff preferences in the development of foreign trade relations between Russia and Serbia is shown.
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10

Switzer, Stephanie. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND THE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES: A LEGAL AND APPROPRIATE LINKAGE?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 57, no. 1 (January 2008): 113–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589308000055.

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AbstractThis article will question the legality of measures of environmental ‘conditionality’ in the Generalized System of Preferences [GSP] of the European Community [EC].1 The GSP is a GATT/WTO2 authorized scheme which permits developed nations to grant non-reciprocal tariff preferences in favour of developing countries.3 The objectives of the GSP are primarily development-oriented in that it aims to increase the export earnings of developing countries, promote their industrialization and accelerate rates of economic growth.4 A recent case taken in the WTO examined the legal contours of the grant of tariff preferences and it is in the light of this that this article will examine the so-called ‘special incentive arrangements’ of the reformed EC GSP which offers additional tariff preferences to developing countries on the ‘condition’ that they adhere to specified standards of environmental protection.
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11

Suwal, Bhim Raj, Jane Zhao, Aditi Raina, Xun Wu, Namrata Chindarkar, K. C. Bal Kumar, and Dale Whittington. "Households' preferences for water tariff structures in Kathmandu, Nepal." Water Policy 21, S1 (August 26, 2019): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.079.

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Abstract Despite being politically sensitive, water tariffs are frequently administered without information about households' preferences for tariff structures. In this paper we examine the tariff preferences of 1,500 households in Kathmandu, Nepal. We first use a bivariate probit model to examine stated preferences for (1) an increasing block tariff (IBT) and (2) a positive fixed charge. We find that household preferences for IBTs and fixed charges are not easily explained by household socioeconomic and water use characteristics. Second, we ask respondents what they think a fair water bill would be for a randomly assigned quantity of water. We model the responses as a function of both quantity and household socioeconomic and water use characteristics. While households support a water tariff that results in a household's water bill increasing as a household's water use increases, we do not find evidence that households support an increasing, nonlinear relationship between water use and a household's water bill. Our results suggest that respondents desire affordable piped water services and water bills that are calculated fairly for everyone. Because the notion of fairness in Kathmandu varies, utility managers may have considerable latitude in choosing a tariff structure that focuses on other objectives, such as cost recovery, revenue stability, and economic efficiency.
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12

Kusuma, Andyka, Tri Tjahjono, and Alviana Dwi Syaputri. "Public preference towards the integration of krl and transjakarta tariff." MATEC Web of Conferences 259 (2019): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925905002.

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Transportation costs in Jakarta reach 30% of the total income of the community every month while the standard that has been set by World Bank is only 10%. This paper discusses the result of willingness-to-pay study conducted at Sudirman railway station in the downtown of Jakarta with the purpose of reducing transportation cost by implementing the tariff integration system of KRL and Transjakarta. The data was collected by the methods of stated preference survey with commuters as the respondent.The survey was conducted by asking the respondents some questions including respondents’ socio-economic characteristic, travel distance, and travel choice exercise. The existing modes that will be compared are motorcycle and bus (kopaja). Motorcycle is the mode whom commuters mostly use with 62% while kopaja is only 38%. The data was analyzed by using discrete choice model and utility function. Based on the analysis, parameters that influence commuters to shift from existing modes to transjakarta are saving time, saving fare, transportation expenditure, and education level. Moreover, the study found that the cheaper the integration tariff offered, the greater the probability of choosing transjakarta services and the faster the travel time of Transjakarta, the greater the probability of choosing transjakarta. Furthermore, each comparison mode has different tariff preferences on the tariff integration system of Transjakarta and KRL.
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13

Губин, А., and A. Gubin. "Questions of the Validity of Granting Tariff Preferences in Respect of Goods Imported from Developing and Least Developed Countries." Auditor 4, no. 9 (October 10, 2018): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b9a321d631f98.37775198.

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Th e article is devoted to the problems of validity of granting tariff preferences by the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union to developing and least developed countries. Changes in the system of tariff preferences in relation to goods originating from the least developed countries and the possible consequences of such changes for certain sectors of the economy of the Eurasian Economic Union are examined.
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14

Baena-Rojas, Jose Jaime, and Susana Herrero-Olarte. "From Preferential Trade Arrangements to Free Trade Agreements: One of the Downturns of Cooperation in International Relations?" Social Sciences 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9080139.

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Since the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have been an interesting tool to promote international cooperation through the granting of non-reciprocal and/or unilateral tariff preferences by developed countries to developing countries. These international agreements have tended to generate critical trade dependencies for the receiving countries. Due to the circumstances of world trade and due to the lack of interest of the grantors to maintain this type of tariff preference, these developing countries are forced to renegotiate their PTAs into to free trade agreements (FTAs). To demonstrate this, we conducted a qualitative analysis to characterize the behavior of PTAs and their impact on the configuration of FTAs and to obtain indicators and trends. The results suggested a predominance of FTAs and a decline in PTAs. This was done to maintain access to the markets within those granting countries, which also became the main trading partners of these PTA recipient countries.
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15

DeRosa, Dean A. "Asian Preferences and the Gains from MFN Tariff Reductions." World Economy 11, no. 3 (September 1988): 377–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.1988.tb00136.x.

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16

Jongwanich, Juthathip, and Archanun Kohpaiboon. "Exporter responses to FTA tariff preferences: evidence from Thailand." Asian-Pacific Economic Literature 31, no. 1 (May 2017): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apel.12172.

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17

Wolk, Agnieszka, and Bernd Skiera. "Tariff-Specific Preferences and Their Influence on Price Sensitivity." Business Research 3, no. 1 (May 2010): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03342716.

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18

Pratikto, Fransiscus Rian, and Mathew Zephaniah Samtani. "Optimasi Tarif Kereta Bandara Soekarno-Hatta dengan Model Permintaan Berbasis Discrete Choice Experiment." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 28, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jts.2021.28.1.9.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan tarif optimal Kereta Bandara Soekarno Hatta dengan fungsi permintaan yang diturunkan dengan pendekatan discrete-choice experiment. Fungsi permintaan diperoleh dengan memprediksi pilihan setiap individu pada beberapa tingkat harga yang berbeda, mengagregasikannya, dan kemudian menginterpolasikannya sehingga diperoleh fungsi yang kontinyu dan differentiable. Pilihan setiap individu diprediksi dari data utilitas individual menggunakan simulasi randomized first choice, sementara interpolasi fungsi permintaan dilakukan menggunakan cubic spline. Utilitas individual diestimasi dari data stated-preference berbentuk choice menggunakan pendekatan Bayesian. Dengan membatasi dua kelas tarif, harga ditentukan dengan mempertimbangkan kanibalisasi antar kelas tarif dan memperhatikan profitabilitas jangka panjang. Formulasi masalah optimasi yang diperoleh berbentuk nonlinear integer programming dengan fungsi tujuan polinomial orde empat yang parameternya dipengaruhi oleh nilai variabel keputusan. Ruang solusi yang tidak terlalu luas memungkinkan untuk memperoleh solusi dengan enumerasi, di mana diperoleh tarif optimal sebesar Rp67.000 untuk kelas tarif 1 di mana layanan Kereta Bandara dibundle dengan diskon angkutan taksi berbasis aplikasi, dan Rp57.000 untuk kelas tarif 2 yang berupa layanan Kereta Bandara saja. Dengan tarif tersebut diperkirakan akan diperoleh kontribusi total sebesar Rp274,68 milyar per tahun.
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19

Handayani, Dewi, Jessica Rotua V Lubis, and Lydia Novitriana Nurhidayati. "MODEL PROBABILITAS PENGGUNA JALAN TERHADAP TARIF TOL SOLO – NGAWI (STUDI KASUS : KARTASURA – SRAGEN)." Jurnal Riset Rekayasa Sipil 1, no. 1 (September 25, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jrrs.v1i1.14716.

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<p class="Keywords">Salah satu proyek mega jalan tol yang dicanangkan pemerintah adalah Proyek jalan Tol Trans Jawa yang terdiri dari sembilan ruas dan salah satunya adalah ruas Solo – Ngawi. Sejalan dengan pembangunan Proyek jalan Tol Solo – Ngawi, maka faktor tarif jalan tol dan waktu tempuh sangat diperhitungkan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model probabilitas pengguna jalan dalam memilih jalan tol berdasarkan tarif dan waktu tempuh. Data primer diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuisioner <em>stated preference </em>kepada pengguna kendaraan pribadi beroda empat di ruas jalan arteri Kartasura - Sragen. Formulir survei dikelompokkan menjadi 2 bentuk formulir, yaitu formulir 1 berisi data karakteristik responden dan formulir 2 berisi pilihan responden terhadap 9 skenario yang diperoleh dari 2 faktor: tarif berdasarkan <em>Willingness To Pay </em>(WTP) dan waktu tempuh. Masing-masing atribut merupakan selisih dalam menggunakan jalan tol dan jalan non tol. Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh akan dianalisa fungsi utilitas regresi linier nya dengan model logit dan model probit untuk diketahui nilai perbandingan probabiltas pengguna. Sehingga hasil yang diperoleh merupakan nilai probabilitas yang hampir sama antara model logit dan probit. Probabilitas paling besar terjadi pada Skenario 1 dengan selisih tarif tol dan non tol Rp. 21.000 dan selisih waktu tempuh tol dan non tol 75 menit. Probabilitas paling kecil terjadi pada Skenario 9 dengan selilih tarif selisih tarif tol dan non tol Rp. 38.500 dan selisih waktu tempuh tol dan non tol 51 menit.</p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: <em>willingness to pay, </em>logit binomial, probit binomial, <em>stated preference</em>
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20

Kusuma, Dedy Hidaya, and Moh Nur Shodiq. "Sistem Rekomendasi Destinasi Pariwisata Menggunakan Metode Hibrid Case Based Reasoning dan Location Based Service Sebagai Pemandu Wisatawan di Banyuwangi." INTENSIF 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/intensif.v1i1.540.

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As one of the fastest growing tourist destinations, the number of tourist arrivals in Banyuwangi Regency shows a significant growth where in the range of 2010 - 2015 there is an increase of domestic tourists by 161% and abroad by 210%. The increase in tourist numbers is not a trouble-free process, especially with regard to visitor preferences that change over time. Tourist information and a variety of tourist interests often make tourists confused in determining the choice of any destination to visit. While Banyuwangi tourism information that is available in printed form or that can be accessed online still requires tourists to sort and choose their own in accordance with the interests and preferences so that tourists need any suggestions or recommendations. In the field of tourism, this recommendation may include objects to be visited, existing tourist events, travel schedules, travel routes, availability of infrastructure and so forth. The recommendation system proposed in this research uses a combination of (hybrid) case-based reasoning and location-based methods. The system is built in the form of android based mobile applications. Input from users to the system of travelers preferences include tourist types, tariff categories, modes of transportation, and tourism activities. These preferences together with user location based on GPS coordinates are further compared to the tourist object attributes stored on the system using the nearest neighbor similarity method. The output of the system in the form of recommendation of tourism object that has the highest similarity to the user preference. The results of this study are expected to assist tourists in choosing tourism objects in Banyuwangi according to their preferences or demand criteria.
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Bartels, L., and C. Haberli. "Binding Tariff Preferences for Developing Countries Under Article II Gatt." Journal of International Economic Law 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 969–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgq051.

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22

Fisher, Bob. "Preference Erosion, Government Revenues and Non-tariff Trade Barriers." World Economy 29, no. 10 (October 2006): 1377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00849.x.

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23

Kim, In-Gyu. "Price-preference vs. tariff policies in government procurement auctions." Economics Letters 45, no. 2 (June 1994): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(94)90138-4.

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24

Kim, Young-Soo, Do-Hyung Park, and Se-Bum Park. "Tariff choice of online contents based on usage goal and self-control: can I control myself?" Internet Research 25, no. 5 (October 5, 2015): 852–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-01-2014-0029.

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Purpose – People can easily track and understand their usage pattern for any content (e.g. movies, games) or service (e.g. card payment, cell phone usage) by using technologies such as the internet and smart phones. When consumers evaluate their past consumption patterns, they may experience two different kinds of regret: content-based or monetary-based. The purpose of this paper is to propose that perceived self-control, defined as the extent to which people believe they can control their usage, plays a moderating role in the tariff-choice process (flatrate vs pay-per-use) for two types of content: vice-based and virtue-based. Design/methodology/approach – Two laboratory experiments were designed to test the hypotheses. There were a total of 200 participants (86 for Experiment 1 and 114 for Experiment 2) who completed the entire experimental process (i.e. stimulus exposure, questionnaire reporting, dependent variable measurement, manipulation of the independent variables, and control checks). Findings – The results of this research provide evidence supporting the role of perceived self-control in tariff preference by showing that preference varies between flat-rate and pay-per-use tariff options. Specifically, virtue-based content users were more likely to prefer the pay-per-use tariff when their perceived self-control was low vs when it was high. In contrast, vice-based content users were more likely to prefer the flat-rate tariff when their perceived self-control was low vs when it was high. Originality/value – There are three contributions of the present research. First, the authors investigated the effect of content type on tariff preference. Second, the authors suggest that there is a moderating effect of perceived self-control on tariff preference. Third, this study revealed the factors affecting consumers’ perceived self-control.
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Armijaya, Henry, and Annisa Annisa. "Kajian ATP dan WTP Tol Kanci-Semarang." PLANNERS INSIGHT : URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING JOURNAL 2, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 026–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36870/insight.v2i2.134.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tarif jalan tol kendaraan golongan I pada ruas jalan tol Trans Jawa. Pendekatan studi kasus digunakan untuk mengetahui nilai Ability to Pay (ATP) dan Willingness to Pay (WTP). Metode pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner dan wawancara yang dilaksanakan di rest area ruas jalan tol Trans Jawa. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan teknik stated preference. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan nilai ATP lebih besar dari nilai WTP. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa hasil analisis tarif tol Kanci-Semarang adalah Rp. 876,76 per km.
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Rosalina, Putu Devi, Luh Eka Susanti, and Made Widya Paramitha. "PREFERENSI WISATAWAN MILENIAL NUSANTARA PADA DAYA TARIK WISATA SWAFOTO DI BALI." Jurnal Ilmiah Hospitality Management 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/jihm.v10i1.156.

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ABSTRACT Millennial tourists regards traveling not just about enjoying nature and culture, or strolling around, instead millennials assume that traveling is when immersed in an interesting experience. The purpose of this study is to find out how the preferences of domestik millennial tourists visiting Selfie Tourist Attraction (STA) in Bali, as well as what tourist activities need to be developed. The approach in this research is qualitative, referring to McIntosh's Motivation theory and Leiper's Tourist Attraction Theory. The locus of research is in five STAs including: Twin Hill in Gianyar Regency, Big Garden Corner in Denpasar City, Tukad Badung in Denpasar City, Merta Sari Sanur Beach and Selfie Wanagiri Tourism in Buleleng Regency . Data will be collected through interview and the distribution of 50 questionnaires with accidental sampling. The results revealed that the majority of tourists' motivation to visit is driven by the desire to escape or so-called Fantasy Motivation by 50%, while physical motivation is by 26%, social by 20%, and culture merely by 4%. Furthermore, regarding its preference analysis, domestic millenial tourists are very supportive for the government's performance and enthusiastic for the success of the stakeholders in developing and advancing STA, as seen from the percentage of 94% of tourists choosing to visit by considering the success of the stakeholders in managing STA. In addition, there are a number of tourism activities that need to be developed to optimize the potential of STA, such as: holding cultural events on a regular basis, adding playgrounds for children, adding spots for selfies, and renovating selfie photo spots that are already inadequate. Tourists also argued the need to maintain cleanliness and the addition of public facilities.
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Klemba, Szymon. "Integrated tariff systems in transport – Poland and abroad, conclusions." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_02_03.

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At the beginning, the idea of integrated tariff system in public transport as a part of integrated transport system is described. Based on a short review of studies on the preferences of passengers, which was made in Poland, the importance of tariff systems integration is explained, especially for the effective use of means of transport. Then four examples of tariff systems from Poland, and four from abroad are presented with an indication of strengths and weaknesses. As a conclusion from the analysis, main problems with integration of tariff systems in Poland are listed.
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Ahmad, Jaleel. "Les préférences tarifaires canadiennes et la libéralisation des échanges." L'Actualité économique 52, no. 4 (June 25, 2009): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800704ar.

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Abstract The developing countries currently enjoy preferential entry on designated exports of manufactures under the Canadian Scheme of Generalized Preferences introduced in 1974. This paper makes a quantitative assessment of the erosion of such preferential margins likely to result from current multilateral tariff negotiations at GATT. Estimates are made under four alternative tariff-cutting techniques.
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Acharyya, Rajat, and Swapnendu Banerjee. "On tariff and quality innovation in a market with discrete preferences." Economic Modelling 29, no. 3 (May 2012): 917–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.12.012.

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Barsegyan, D. E. "INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMS AND TARIFF REGULATION MEASURES IN FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITY ON THE FORMATION OF INTERNAL PRICES OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-2-104-109.

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The influence of customs and tariff regulation measures on the formation of domestic prices of the Eurasian Economic Union, the legal regulation of the application of various mechanisms of customs and tariff regulation, – have been considered. As the analysed measures have been selected: import customs duties, export customs duties, tariff preferences, tariff privileges and tariff quotas. The statistical data on the dynamics of prices for some categories of goods presented on the official website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation and their dependence on the measures of customs and tariff regulation, – have been presented in the article. An analysis of the relationship between the measures of customs and tariff regulation and domestic prices in the Eurasian Economic Union has been carried out on the example of the Russian Federation.
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J. Gerpott, Torsten, and Nima Ahmadi. "Antecedents of international mobile Internet tariff type preferences : an empirical study of roaming customers." info 16, no. 4 (June 3, 2014): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-02-2014-0007.

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Purpose – International roaming (IR) makes it possible to conveniently use mobile communication services (MCS) such as MI access abroad without switching providers, devices or subscriber identity module (SIM) cards. To increase the intensity of competition in the intra-European Union market for IR services, customers will be enabled to buy IR voice and MI access services separately from their existing domestic MCS, as of July, 2014. Specifically, for separated international MI services providers can choose from three different charge types (use-dependent, flat and combination of flat and use-dependent). The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine customer preferences regarding these tariff types for separated international MI services. Design/methodology/approach – Six research questions concerning antecedents of tariff type preferences for separated international MI access services are derived from a literature review. They are empirically addressed by analyzing survey responses obtained for a sample of 496 German-speaking MCS users. Findings – Customers who actively seek for IR price information, consider IR services to be useful, exhibit high use intensities of MI services, do not restrict their MI usage when travelling abroad and tend to prefer flat rates to other pricing schemes. In contrast to these rather “active users”, customers favoring strictly use-dependent tariff plans exhibit significantly lower IR price information seeking efforts and comparatively low use intensities of MI services. Pricing schemes with MI allowances are especially liked by customers who are well-informed regarding and satisfied with IR prices, report above average use intensities of MI services, restrict their MI use abroad, are more likely to switch providers and use MCS mainly for job-related purposes. Research limitations/implications – The study is based on a German-speaking sample, which deviates from the German adult population. Additionally, the analysis is limited to stated instead of behaviorally revealed preferences for cross-border MI tariff types. Price thresholds influencing whether a cross-border MI tariff is entered into a consumer’s relevant set of offerings are not examined. Practical implications – The research suggests that mobile network operators are well-advised to offer a clearly structured menu of a limited number of tariffs directed to the three profiled customer segments. Notwithstanding the advantages of such a set of rate plans, international MI tariff schemes with a data volume allowance appear to be generally beneficial both from a provider and an end-customer perspective. Originality/value – To date, little is known about customer preferences concerning the three rate plan categories and on antecedents of such preferences in the field of MI access abroad. The present study takes a first step to narrowing this knowledge gap.
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Nasution, H., L. Ginting, and J. Hidayati. "Effects of brand, tariff, network on customer preference in telecommunication." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 505 (July 4, 2019): 012100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/505/1/012100.

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33

Grossman, Gene M., and Alan O. Sykes. "European Communities – Conditions for the Granting of Tariff Preferences to Developing Countries (WT/DS246/AB/R)." World Trade Review 5, S1 (2006): 220–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745606001455.

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The WTO case brought by India in 2002 to challenge aspects of the European Communities’ Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) brings fresh scrutiny to a policy area that has received little attention in recent years – trade preferences for developing countries. The idea for such preferences emerged from the first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in 1964. The ensuing negotiations led to Resolution 21(ii) at the second session of UNCTAD in 1968, acknowledging “unanimous agreement” in favor of the establishment of preferential arrangements. Tariff discrimination violates the most-favored nation (MFN) obligation of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Art. I, however, and thus the legal authority for preferential tariff schemes had to await a GATT waiver of this obligation, which came in 1971. The waiver was to expire after 10 years, but the authority for preferences was extended by the GATT Contracting Parties Decision of November 28, 1979 on Differential and More Favorable Treatment, Reciprocity and Fuller Participation of Developing Countries, popularly known as the “Enabling Clause,” and now incorporated into the law of the WTO along with the GATT itself.
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34

ULUUTKU, M. Haluk, and Arzu ERDEN. "The Relationship Between Extremity Preferences and Medial Longitudinal Arch Collapse and Movements of the Ankle and Hallux." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 31, no. 4 (2011): 798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2010-17722.

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35

Kelly, Ruth. "EU and U.S. Non-Reciprocal Preferences: Maintaining the Acquis." Law and Development Review 3, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1943-3867.1056.

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In the light of the disparity of bargaining leverage in FTA negotiations between the EU or the U.S. and developing countries, this article presents a legal mechanism to maintain the status quo, that is, the acquis of current trade arrangements. On the basis of the test established in the EC-Tariff Preferences case, it is argued that the Enabling Clause allows for differentiation between developing countries on the basis of their levels of intra-regional trade. A scheme is then constructed which allows the EU and the U.S. to differentiate in favor of current beneficiaries of non-reciprocal trade preference schemes in this way. This allows the EU and the U.S. to maintain the acquis without making radical changes to their trade and development policy. Where the status quo is an option, developing countries involved in FTA negotiations would have a feasible best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA) to replace the current alternative of a significant reduction of market access to the EU or the U.S. While the maintenance of the status quo is up to the industrialized country in question, given that the trade preferences are unilateral in nature, the scheme constructed debunks the myth that there is a legal requirement to replace the current arrangements by reciprocal trade agreements in the absence of a waiver.
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36

Bogdanova, Tatiana, and Dmitry Neklyudov. "Improvement of a telecommunications company tariff policy taking into account subscribers’ preferences." Business Informatics 2016, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1998-0663.2016.2.7.15.

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Macphee, Craig R., and Victor Iwuagwu Oguledo. "Losses of tariff preferences and the export performance of less-developed countries." Journal of International Development 6, no. 4 (July 1994): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3380060402.

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38

Ketterer, Tobias D., Daniel M. Bernhofen, and Chris Milner. "The impact of trade preferences on multilateral tariff cuts: Evidence for Japan." Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 38 (December 2015): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2015.05.001.

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39

Qianhui, Gao, Ito Shoichi, and Saito Hisamitsu. "Measuring Japan’s technical barriers to trade based on the China’s fruit exports to Japan." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 3 (March 16, 2018): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/235/2016-agricecon.

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The study analyses the influence of technical barriers to agricultural trade carried out by Japan on China’s fruit exports. In order to measure the tariff equivalents of technical barriers, the price wedge method is utilized. Based on the utility function specified in the study, the constructed model is adopted to evaluate the elasticity of substitution between the imported fruits and Japanese domestic fruits, and the consumers’ preference parameters for different kinds of fruits. Sample data are chosen from the beginning of 2002 to the end of 2015. Based on the estimated preference parameters and elasticity of substitution, the results show that Japanese consumers prefer domestic fruits to the imported fruits. Besides, the results reveal that although the substitution and preference parameters are higher for the improved quality of imported fruits in the context of the positive list system, the scales of tariff equivalents of technical barriers are larger than the regular custom tariffs, and the technical barriers would cause extra huge costs for the imported fruits. Especially, in the three consecutive years after the implementation of the positive list system, tariff equivalents of technical barriers almost reached 150%, and then gradually decreased in the following years.
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40

Manchin, Miriam. "Preference Utilisation and Tariff Reduction in EU Imports from ACP Countries." World Economy 29, no. 9 (September 2006): 1243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00838.x.

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41

Suwanprasert, Wisarut. "Trade Restrictiveness Index of Non-Tariff Barriers Under the CES Preference." International Economic Journal 34, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2019.1671475.

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42

Epstein, David, and Sharyn O'Halloran. "The partisan paradox and the U.S. tariff, 1877–1934." International Organization 50, no. 2 (1996): 301–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300028575.

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Whereas historical accounts of U.S. tariff policy from 1877 to 1934 emphasize the pivotal role of parties, previous quantitative studies have failed to identify significant partisan effects. A formal model of policymaking in which strong parties aggregate voters' preferences provides empirical equations to test for partisan effects. Subsequent time series analysis shows that, even after controlling for interest group demands, partisan control of government did significantly affect the tariff. Moreover, during the period under study, the two political parties enacted tariff policies that benefited different sets of producer groups at the expense of others. Thus, political institutions did play a significant role in shaping the interests that influence U.S. foreign economic policy.
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43

Hardiyanti, Siska Aprilia, Wahyu Naris Wari, and Anggi Syahrul Romadi. "Pengaruh Tarif terhadap Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Online dan Konvensional Di Kota Banyuwangi." Unisda Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science (UJMC) 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/ujmc.v5i2.1625.

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Transportasi yang aman dan nyaman merupakan beberapa alasan responden untuk memilih moda transportasi yang akan digunakan untuk mencapai tempat tujuan. Hal inilah yang menjadi permasalahan di Kabupaten Banyuwangi semenjak mulai berkembangnya transportasi berbasis aplikasi online di Kabupaten Banyuwangi pada awal tahun 2017. Saat ini di banyuwangi telah ada beberapa penyedia aplikasi untuk memesan kendaraan atau transportasi online. Seperti Grap Car dan Go Car. Transportasi online dan transportasi konvensional memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing sehingga dapat mempengaruhi pelaku perjalanan dalam memilih moda transportasi tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik pelaku perjalanan dan probabilitas pelaku perjalanan dalam memilih moda transportasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode stated preference, kemudian diolah dengan model logit binomial. Survei dilaksanakan dengan penyebaran kepada 100 responden. Pada selisih tarif (X1) probabilitas transportasi online 75%, probabilitas transportasi konvensional 25%. Persamaan utilitas yang didapatkan adalah Y = 1.143+0.000X1.
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44

Curran, Louise, Khalid Nadvi, and Liam Campling. "The influence of tariff regimes on global production networks (GPNs)." Journal of Economic Geography 19, no. 4 (December 22, 2018): 873–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lby059.

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AbstractDespite the recognition that trade policy—in particular, tariff regimes and rules of origin—can affect the geography of production, much GPN analyses pay scant attention to the tariff context of the sector studied. This paper proposes an analytical framework to more effectively integrate these regimes into applied GPN research. We test the framework, drawing on analysis of exports to the EU market in four sectors: textiles and apparel, floriculture, fisheries and leather goods. The analysis confirms that, in the presence of high tariffs, preferences do seem to impact on sourcing for the EU market.
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45

Kaltoft, Mette Kjer, Jesper Bo Nielsen, and Jack Dowie. "Formative preference-sensitive measures are needed in person-centered healthcare at both clinical and policy levels." European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 5, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v5i4.1398.

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Background: Most existing multi-critierial instruments measuring the person-as-patient’s experience (PREMs like ‘decision quality’) or outcome (e.g., PROMs like ‘quality of life’) are designed for use as inputs into group level decision and guidelines. Regrettably, they elicit only the ratings of the individual respondent. They therefore lack person-centered preference-sensitivity in that the measure for the individual patient does not also reflect that patient’s relative weighting of the multiple items/criteria/indicators that constitute it. Some instruments may use weightings that are preference-based, but the preferences are almost always the average ‘tariff’ derived in a separate study, not those of the individual concerned. The aggregated results from such instruments cannot reflect the heterogeneous and potentially changing preferences of the patient population and in this sense are not the appropriate ‘living’ metrics.Personalisation: A preference-sensitive person-centered instrument reflects these weightings and is ‘dually-personalised’. Six possible degrees of personalisation are identified, varying in the ability of the individual respondent to customize the instrument. The appropriate level depends on the context and goals of the measurement. Higher levels of personalisation, such as those allowing the individual to generate the items, are unlikely to be of use in routine clinical practice, where dual and triple personalisation are the most practical. (In triple personalisation the respondent selects their criteria from a menu.)Constructs: Whether single or some higher degree of personalisation is appropriate depends on the nature of the construct. Formative constructs producing indexes, such as most PROMs/PREMS, do not exist independently of the instrument claiming to measure them. The multiple components of these instruments, such as pain and mobility, ‘cause’ the construct and are not caused by it. Measures of formative constructs should always be (at least) dually-personalised. In contrast, reflective constructs (such as Appendicitis), exist independently of measurement and the scale measure they produce should never be dually-personalised; the component cues are properly integrated by belief/evidential coefficients, not value judgments.Validation and Measurement models: Currently, most PROMs and PREMs are being treated as reflective indexes and are only singly-personalised. In breach of the COSMIN guidelines they are often ‘validated’ by criteria such as internal consistency and structural validity, using techniques such as Rasch or Item Response Theory, that are appropriate only for reflective scales. The output from applying a conjoint measurement model to a preference-sensitive construct (such as quality of life) is an appropriate input only in single-criterion decision-making, where the measured construct is the sole maximand. It is not appropriate in multi-criteria decision-making, because it has not involved the necessary separation of criterion weighting from option performance rating. Conclusion: Person-centered care will advance only when it is accepted that the central constructs are formative indexes and measurement of them needs to be individually preference-sensitive, not just group preference-based and therefore at least dually-personalised.
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Agapova, A. V., and D. E. Barsegyan. "The Directions for Improving the Unified System of Tariff Preferences of the EAEU." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 2 (June 29, 2019): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-2-122-136.

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47

Alekseeva, T. O. "Tariff preferences in the Eurasian Economic Union: application features and problems of functioning." Финансы и кредит 23, no. 16 (April 27, 2017): 958–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.23.16.958.

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48

Syropoulos, Constantinos. "On Tariff Preferences and Delegation Decisions in Customs Unions: A Heckscher–Ohlin Approach." Economic Journal 112, no. 481 (July 1, 2002): 625–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00733.

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49

Parhusip, Maria Magdalena Piolenta. "ANALISIS PELUANG PENGGUNA JASA BERSEDIA MENGGUNAKAN JASA PELAYANAN PENGIRIMAN BARANG DOMESTIK (Studi Kasus: Service YES PT. JNE Ex. Jakarta-Jawa Timur) CHANCE ANALYSIS FOR THE SERVICES USER FOR DOMESTIC DELIVERY (STUDY CASE OF YES SERVICE PT. JNE EX. JAKARTA-EAST JAVA)." Jurnal Penelitian Transportasi Darat 15, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/jptd.v15i4.1203.

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PT. Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir (JNE) sebagai perusahaan pengiriman barang menawarkan beberapa service layanan, namun seiring permasalahan kemacetan di jalan menyebabkan biaya operasional yang semakin meningkat. Hal ini menyebabkan perusahaan tersebut mengambil langkah menaikkan biaya pengiriman barang, namun harus terlebih dahulu mengetahui batas tarif yang masih dimaklumi oleh pengguna sesuai dengan kualitas pelayanannya, yang tepat sesuai dengan kebutuhan calon pengguna. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan wawancara langsung kepada PT. JNE dan hasil kuesioner kepada pihak pengguna jasa, kemudian diolah dengan teknik state preference dan permodelan ordered probit sehingga diketahui besaran probabilitas kesediaan calon pengguna jasa di PT. JNE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengguna jasa bersedia menggunakan jasa pengiriman barang apabila jasa layanan yang harus ada di PT. JNE pada service YES adalah jaminan akan uang kembali, jaminan akan barang yang rusak, packaging barang dan tarif pengiriman barang. Besaran prosentase bersedia menggunakan jasa pengiriman barang jika fasilitas pelayanan ini tidak disediakan adalah sekitar 1,3% . Prosentase tersebut akan naik menjadi 84,45% jika keberadaan jasa pengiriman barang menyediakan kebijakan dengan menaikkan layanan dalam hal jaminan akan uang kembali, jaminan akan barang yang rusak, packaging barang dan tarif pengiriman barang.
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50

Gao, Qianhui. "Evaluating the Impacts of Food Safety Policies on Japan’s Rice Imports Based on the Simultaneous Buy and Sell System." Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i4.2423.

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This study evaluated the impacts of food safety policies on Japan’s Simultaneous Buy and Sell rice imports through measuring tariff equivalents of food safety policies. In order to construct an estimated model, a Japanese consumer’s utility function is introduced and developed with consumer’s preference parameters and elasticity of substitution. In the empirical study part, Japan’s positive list system and rice traceability were analyzed and assessed as critical food safety policies. Results showed that after the implementation of the positive list system, consumers’ preference for foreign rice and the substitution elasticity diminished. This decreasing tendency was quite similar to the results after the enforcement of rice traceability. The tariff equivalents of food safety policies on imported rice fluctuated around ¥50 yen/kg from fiscal year 2000 to 2005 and decreased because of the global grain price hike after 2006. The tariff equivalents soared in 2010, which was induced by the traceability regulation, and then dulled during Japan’s earthquake and tsunami in 2011. Subsequently, after the recovery from natural disasters, the tariff equivalents of food safety policies became higher. Therefore, food safety policies had made imported rice less attractive, weakened the competitive power of rice exporting countries, and had statistically significant impacts on Japan’s rice importation.
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