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Journal articles on the topic 'Tariff on clothing – United States'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Irvansyah, Faizal, Hermanto Siregar, and Tanti Novianti. "The Determinants of Indonesian Textile’s and Clothing Export to the Five Countries of Export Destination." ETIKONOMI 19, no. 1 (2020): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i1.14845.

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Indonesian textile and clothing products (TPT) is the second-largest export product after oil palm product. There are five biggest export destination countries, that is the United States, Japan, South Korea, and Turkey. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect TPT exports to the five biggest export destination countries. The factors that affect TPT exports examined by using time series and panel data analysis. Using panel data analysis finds that GDP per capita of the destination country, the exchange rate of the Rupiah, the price of textiles in the destination country, and import ta

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2

Gardner, Grant W., and Kent P. Kimbrough. "Tax smoothing and tariff behavior in the United States." Journal of Macroeconomics 14, no. 4 (1992): 711–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0164-0704(92)90007-u.

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3

Song, Jingyu. "Why Tariff and Trade War?" Finance and Market 5, no. 4 (2020): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/fm.v5i4.2693.

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<p>By see the tariffs and trade wars in different time periods, each countries’ aim to start the trade war and tariff are protecting themselves. Analyzing and comparing the tariff acts in the colonial and antebellum period, the trade conflicts between the United States and Japan in the 1980s, and 2019’s China-United States trade war, we can see how tariffs work the same but also different in different time periods. </p>

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4

Guifen, Pei, and Wang Xinying. "A Comparative Study of China and Japan’s Response to Section 301 Investigations of the United States." Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.902800.

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Japan is the country with the most Section 301 investigations initiated by the United States. Meanwhile, the ongoing Section 301 investigation case against China is the most complicated and tough case until now. The different responses of Japan and China will be the core theme of this paper. Originally, Japan, little by little, accepted all the demands of the United States under American pressure in the semiconductor conflict and then began to resist its unreasonable demands; eventually, Japan forced the United States to withdraw its excessive requirement in auto parts conflict. In the case of

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5

Veroneau, John K., and Catherine H. Gibson. "Presidential Tariff Authority." American Journal of International Law 111, no. 4 (2017): 957–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2017.69.

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As part of the “America First” agenda discussed in his inaugural address, President Donald J. Trump promised that “[e]very decision” on trade, among other areas, would be “made to benefit American workers and American families.” During its first months, the Trump Administration made a number of trade moves apparently in connection with this “America First” trade agenda, including initiating national security investigations into steel and aluminum imports under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and preparing an “omnibus” report on trade deficits. The Trump Administration also took

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6

Abbott, Kenneth W. "United States—Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930." American Journal of International Law 84, no. 1 (1990): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203030.

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7

Clark, Don P. "Non-tariff measure use in Japan and the United States." Japan and the World Economy 6, no. 1 (1994): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-1425(94)90037-x.

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8

Spreen, Thomas H., Charlene Brewster, and Mark G. Brown. "The Free Trade Area of the Americas and the Market for Processed Orange Products." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 35, no. 1 (2003): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800005976.

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The proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas would join the world's two largest processed orange producing regions: Brazil and the United States. Because the United States currently imposes a sizeable tariff on imported processed orange products, there is concern by U.S. orange growers over possible adverse effects resulting from tariff elimination. A model of the world processed orange market is developed as a spatial equilibrium model with implicit supply functions based on the dynamic behavior of orange production. The model is used to estimate the impact of U.S. tariff elimination on U.S.

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9

Haggard, Stephan. "The institutional foundations of hegemony: explaining the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934." International Organization 42, no. 1 (1988): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300007141.

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In 1930, Congress approved the highly restrictive Smoot–Hawley tariff, the textbook case of pressure group politics run amok. Four years later, Congress passed the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA), surrendering much of its tariff-making authority to a policy process in which internationalists had increasing influence. While the United States had used reciprocity to expand exports before, the stick of discriminatory treatment took precedence over the carrot of liberalizing concessions. With the transfer of tariff-making authority to the executive, the United States could make credible com

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10

Clark, Don P., and Simonetta Zarrilli. "Non‐tariff measures and United States' imports of CBERA‐eligible products." Journal of Development Studies 31, no. 1 (1994): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220389408422355.

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11

Wade, Larry L., and John B. Gates. "A new tariff map of the United States (House of Representatives)." Political Geography Quarterly 9, no. 3 (1990): 284–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0260-9827(90)90028-9.

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12

Hutchinson, William K. "Import Substitution, Structural Change, and Regional Economic Growth in the United States: The Northeast, 1870–1910." Journal of Economic History 45, no. 2 (1985): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205070003401x.

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This article uses data on regional output and imports to examine the relationship between imports and regional growth in the Northeast. The tariff rates, both nominal and effective, are considered as evidence of national policy that may have benefited this particular region. The findings are that particular industries do benefit from tariff protection, but their location is due to regional resource advantages.

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13

Zakim, Michael. "A Ready-Made Business: The Birth of the Clothing Industry in America." Business History Review 73, no. 1 (1999): 61–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116101.

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This article recounts the birth of the clothing industry in the United States after 1815. It contends, in contrast to recent historical literature, that the clothing business was at the center of the American experience of industrialization. This was not because ready-made clothing was a novel commodity. Nor was it because of new production technologies, social innovations, or legal structures adopted by the industry. Rather, clothing entrepreneurs were significant because they integrated several important markets—a trans-Atlantic trade in cloth, an urban trade in labor, and a market for manuf

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14

LUCKSTEAD, JEFF, STEPHEN DEVADOSS, and MAHALINGAM DHAMODHARAN. "STRATEGIC TRADE ANALYSIS OF U.S. AND CHINESE APPLE JUICE MARKET." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 47, no. 2 (2015): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2015.4.

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AbstractBecause of high competition from Chinese apple juice processors, the United States imposed an antidumping duty on apple juice imports from China to protect the domestic processors. This trade policy benefited U.S. processors but negatively impacted Chinese processors as well as consumers in the United States. Because of the economic reforms, foreign direct investment, and technological spillover, Chinese apple processors have increased their productivity. Under oligopolistic competition with endogenous firm entry and exit, this article analyzes how the changes in U.S. tariff policy and

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15

MacPhee, Craig R., and David I. Rosenbaum. "The Asymmetric Effects of Reversible Tariff Changes under the United States GSP." Southern Economic Journal 56, no. 1 (1989): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1059060.

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16

Laughlin, Joan, and Rita C. Kean. "Assessment of Textiles and Clothing Academic Programs in the United States." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 13, no. 3 (1995): 184–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x9501300305.

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17

Laughlin, Joan, and Rita C. Kean. "Assessment of Textiles and Clothing Academic Programs in the United States." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 14, no. 2 (1996): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x9601400205.

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18

Reilly, Andrew, Jory Catalpa, and Jenifer McGuire. "Clothing Fit Issues for Trans People." Fashion Studies 1, no. 2 (2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.38055/fs010201.

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As many as nine million people identify as a transperson in the United States, yet mass clothing designing and manufacturing do not meet the needs of this consumer group. This research examines the role of fit in ready-to-wear (RTW) clothing using qualitative research methods. 90 transpeople from the United States, Canada, and Ireland participated in interviews and data from interviews were analyzed using line-by-line analysis, resulting in three themes. Theme 1 explored current fit problems with RTW clothing, Theme 2 explored the desire to use clothing to hide parts of the body that did not a

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19

Shaheen, Manal, and Chanmi Hwang. "Hijab and modesty: Muslim religious identity expression among Egyptian women in the United States." Clothing Cultures 6, no. 2 (2019): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/cc_00010_1.

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This study explored the symbolic meaning of modest dress, generally referred to as hijab, to Egyptian Muslim women living in the United States. In the diaspora, women need to integrate the requirements for religious modesty when shopping for western apparel that is not designed to align with their values of modesty. Face-to-face, in-depth interviews with photo-elicitation were conducted with ten veiled Muslim women to explore the symbolic meaning of hijab and their views on modest clothing as it relates to religiosity. Three themes surfaced as the participants discussed their experiences: (1)

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20

Luckstead, Jeff, Stephen Devadoss, and Ron C. Mittelhammer. "Apple Export Competition between the United States and China in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 46, no. 4 (2014): 635–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s107407080002914x.

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We developed a trade model under imperfect competition to analyze the market power of U.S. and Chinese apple producers in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) market and their domestic markets and the elimination of ASEAN tariffs on U.S. and Chinese apples. We also formulated welfare functions for the United States, China, and ASEAN. Comparative static results are derived to analyze the effect of tariff changes on exports, domestic sales, and welfare. Based on the theoretical model, we derived an econometric specification and used the new empirical industrial organization literat

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21

Bakhtavoryan, Rafael, Vardges Hovhannisyan, Stephen Devadoss, and Jose Lopez. "An Empirical Evaluation of Egg Demand in the United States." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 53, no. 2 (2021): 280–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2021.9.

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AbstractWe adopt an EASI model to estimate demand for omega-3, organic, cage-free, and conventional eggs in the United States. Our empirical framework accounts for demand inter-dependencies among these egg types, while allowing for unrestricted Engel curves, unobserved consumer heterogeneity, and a broader product and geographic coverage. We further address endogeneity of prices and expenditures and left-censoring induced by disaggregate data. Our results indicate that the demand for organic and cage-free eggs is price-elastic, while the demand for omega-3 and conventional eggs is price-inelas

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22

Ray, Edward John. "The Impact of Special Interests on Preferential Tariff Concessions by the United States." Review of Economics and Statistics 69, no. 2 (1987): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1927225.

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23

Kim, Hyung. "Economic growth and tariff levels in the United States: A Granger casality analysis." Journal of International Studies 11, no. 4 (2018): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2018/11-4/6.

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24

Daly, Michael, Eugenia Lizano, and Angelo Silvy. "Recent trends in tariff and nontariff barriers to trade in the United States." Review of World Economics 136, no. 4 (2000): 724–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707650.

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25

Grundke, Robert, and Christoph Moser. "Hidden protectionism? Evidence from non-tariff barriers to trade in the United States." Journal of International Economics 117 (March 2019): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2018.12.007.

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26

Irwin, Douglas A. "Tariff Incidence in America's Gilded Age." Journal of Economic History 67, no. 3 (2007): 582–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050707000241.

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In the late nineteenth century, the United States imposed high tariffs to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition. This article examines the magnitude of protection given to import-competing producers and the costs imposed on export-oriented producers by focusing on changes in the domestic prices of traded goods relative to nontraded goods. The results suggest that the 30 percent average import tariff gave about a 17 percent implicit subsidy to import-competing producers and effectively taxed exporters at about 10 percent. Tariffs redistributed large amounts of income (about 8

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27

Fischer, Nancy L. "Vintage, the First 40 Years: The Emergence and Persistence of Vintage Style in the United States." Culture Unbound 7, no. 1 (2015): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.157145.

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This paper historicizes when wearing vintage clothing first became fashionable in the United States. I trace when the trend emerges in the U.S. and explore various ways the press framed secondhand/vintage clothes and anachronistic dressing. I contend that the emergence of vintage occurs as a form of alternative consumption alongside changes that occurred in the U.S. garment industry such as outsourcing and product licensing. These changes led many consumers to seek more authentic consumption experiences. Consumers with cultural capital found in vintage an alternative market for sourcing fashio

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28

Kim, Misu. "Export Competitiveness of India’s Textiles and Clothing Sector in the United States." Economies 7, no. 2 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7020047.

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We analyzed India’s export competitiveness in the textiles and clothing (T&C) sector in the United States. The T&C industry is traditionally important for the Indian economy due to its significant contribution to export, employment, and industrial production. However, the competition in the global T&C market intensified after the Multi-Fiber Arrangement phase-out in 2005. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the export competitiveness of India’s T&C sector in the U.S., India’s largest export destination and one of the world’s largest consumers of T&C. In this study, we cal

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29

Bernard, T. "Heat stress and protective clothing: an emerging approach from the United States." Annals of Occupational Hygiene 43, no. 5 (1999): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4878(99)00058-7.

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30

McDonald, Judith A., Anthony Patrick O'Brien, and Colleen M. Callahan. "Trade Wars: Canada's Reaction to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff." Journal of Economic History 57, no. 4 (1997): 802–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700019549.

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Strange as it seems, the infamous Smoot-Hawley Tariff might have had an expansionary effect on the U.S. economy. Basic macroeconomic principles indicate that the direct effect of a tariff increase is expansionary. This expansionary effect might be offset by retaliatory increases in foreign tariffs. Barry Eichengreen has recently questioned whether significant retaliation to Smoot-Hawley occurred. This article demonstrates that the tariff increases enacted during 1930 in Canada—the largest trading partner of the United States—were in direct response to Smoot-Hawley. The conventional wisdom that

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31

Forney, Judith C., Nancy J. Rabolt, and Lorraine A. Friend. "Clothing Values and Country of Origin of Clothing: A Comparison of United States and New Zealand University Women." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 12, no. 1 (1993): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x9301200105.

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32

Clarke, Andrew J., Jeffery A. Jenkins, and Kenneth S. Lowande. "Tariff politics and congressional elections: exploring the Cannon Thesis." Journal of Theoretical Politics 29, no. 3 (2016): 382–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629816647801.

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While a number of studies have examined the politics of tariff decision-making in the United States, little work has examined the subsequent political effects of tariff policy. We help fill this gap in the literature by analyzing—both theoretically and empirically—the electoral implications of tariff revision. Specifically, we investigate the veracity of the Cannon Thesis—the proposition advanced by Speaker Joe Cannon in 1910 that the majority party in the U.S. House was punished when it made major revisions to the tariff. We find that from 1877 to 1934 major tariff revisions were, on average,

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33

Spearot, Alan. "Unpacking the Long-Run Effects of Tariff Shocks: New Structural Implications from Firm Heterogeneity Models." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 8, no. 2 (2016): 128–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20140015.

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I derive a novel solution for the general equilibrium effects of tariffs that is robust to heterogeneity across industries and countries, and is a function of only aggregate trade data and country-by-industry Pareto shape parameters. Using the model to evaluate tariff shocks, I show that while most countries lose by removing observed tariffs unilaterally, India, Japan, Korea, and the United States gain by doing so, which suggests inefficient tariff discrimination. In evaluating multilateral shocks, observed tariff cuts over 1994 –2000 benefit 69 percent of countries, with these benefits skewed

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34

Lee, Hongshik, and Backhoon Song. "Quantitative Estimates of the Economic Impacts of a Korea–United States Free Trade Agreement." Asian Economic Papers 7, no. 2 (2008): 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2008.7.2.52.

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This paper investigates the bilateral trade pattern between South Korea and the United States and examines the economic impact of a Korea–United States (KORUS) free trade agreement (FTA). Three related general equilibrium approaches were used to investigate the effects of a KORUS FTA. The static general equilibrium model estimates the efficiency gains from resource allocation. The capital accumulation general equilibrium model includes the growth bonus from the increased incentives for savings and investment created by the static efficiency gains. The productivity enhancement general equilibri

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35

Boyd, Roy G., Kerry Krutilla, and Joseph MCkinney. "The impact of tariff liberalization between the United States and Mexico: an empirical analysis." Applied Economics 25, no. 1 (1993): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036849300000117.

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36

Bohara, Alok K., Kishore Gawande, and William H. Kaempfer. "The Dynamics of Tariff Retaliation Between the United States and Canada: Theory and Evidence." Review of International Economics 6, no. 1 (1998): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00085.

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37

Chudinova, K. O. "The Influence of D. Trump’s Policy on International Trade." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 3 (October 8, 2019): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-3-65-82.

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The increasing level of tension in the trade relations between the United States and other countries, especially China; the potential escalation of trade wars, when countries take more and more explicit retaliatory protectionist measures, becomes a sustainability risk to development of international trade. The US actions taken in 2018–2019 to protect the internal market turned into into a full-fledged trade war, directed primarily against China - the country the United States has the largest trade deficit with. The introduction of the US tariff restrictions on imports from China and several ot

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38

Gallarotti, Giulio M. "Toward a business-cycle model of tariffs." International Organization 39, no. 1 (1985): 155–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300004896.

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A modified interest-group model links movements in tariffs to changes in the level of economic activity within nations. This model is introduced and tested for tariff behavior in the 19th and early 20th centuries in three nations: the United States, Great Britain, and Germany. Empirical analysis lends strong support to the model's central thesis, that tariffs are sensitive to movements within a business cycle. Tariff changes occurring in the three nations, with the exception of British tariff increases, generally conform to the expectations of the model. Furthermore, business-cycle sensitivity

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39

Belko, William S. "“A TAX ON THE MANY, TO ENRICH A FEW”: JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY VS. THE PROTECTIVE TARIFF." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 37, no. 2 (2015): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837215000097.

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The core concepts underlying Jacksonian Democracy—equal protection of the laws; an aversion to a moneyed aristocracy, exclusive privileges, and monopolies, and a predilection for the common man; majority rule; and the welfare of the community over the individual—have long been defined almost exclusively by the Bank War, which commenced in earnest with the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828. Yet, this same rhetoric proved far more pervasive and consistent when one considers the ardent opposition to the protective system. Opponents of the protective tariff, commencing with the Tariff of 1816 and

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40

Lee, Myounghee, and Leslie Davis Burns. "Self Consciousness and Clothing Purchase Criteria of Korean and United States College Women." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 11, no. 4 (1993): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x9301100405.

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Hsu, Hsiu-Ju, and Leslie Davis Burns. "Clothing Evaluative Criteria: A Cross-National Comparison of Taiwanese and United States Consumers." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 20, no. 4 (2002): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x0202000408.

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42

Wall, Marjorie, and Kitty Dickerson. "Free Trade Between Canada and the United States: Implications for Clothing and Textiles." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 7, no. 2 (1989): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x8900700201.

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43

Sohn, Joshua, Kristian S. Nielsen, Morten Birkved, Tina Joanes, and Wencke Gwozdz. "The environmental impacts of clothing: Evidence from United States and three European countries." Sustainable Production and Consumption 27 (July 2021): 2153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.05.013.

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44

Mitchell, Cedar, Megan Dyer, Feng-Chang Lin, Natalie Bowman, Thomas Mather, and Steven Meshnick. "Protective Effectiveness of Long-Lasting Permethrin Impregnated Clothing Against Tick Bites in an Endemic Lyme Disease Setting: A Randomized Control Trial Among Outdoor Workers." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 5 (2020): 1532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa061.

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Abstract Tick-borne diseases are a growing threat to public health in the United States, especially among outdoor workers who experience high occupational exposure to ticks. Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing has demonstrated high initial protection against bites from blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), in laboratory settings, and sustained protection against bites from the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae), in field tests. However, long-lasting permethrin impregnation of clothing has not been field tested among outdoor workers who ar

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45

Zhiyong, Shi, Wang Caixia, Chen Ning, Yuan Wei, Ye Xiaoning, and Li Qinmiao. "Energy Storage Application Technology and Operation Model on the Customer Side in China and Abroad." E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129201012.

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As a superior flexible resource in a new power system with new energy as the main body, customer-side energy storage has great potential for future development. It expounds the application technology and operation model of customer-side energy storage in the United States and Germany, analyzes the operation model of china's customer-side energy storage and calculates internal rates of return of general commercial and industrial customers with a unitary tariff and large industrial customers with two-part tariff, and puts forward suggestions to promote the development of china’s customer-side en

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46

Grossman, Gene M., and Petros C. Mavroidis. "US – Lead and Bismuth II: United States – Imposition of Countervailing Duties on Certain Hot-Rolled Lead and Bismuth Carbon Steel Products Originating in the United Kingdom: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow? Privatization and the Injury Caused by Non-Recurring Subsidies." World Trade Review 2, S1 (2003): 170–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745603001113.

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In 1993, the US Department of Commerce began to levy countervailing duties on imports of certain leaded bars from the United Kingdom. The United States applied tariffs to goods imported from British Steel Engineering Steels, a subsidiary of British Steel plc. Following investigations by the US Department of Commerce and the United States International Trade Commission, the US authorities held that the imposition of duties was both required by Section 701 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (as amended) and not in violation of any of the country’s obligations as a member of the World Trade Organization.

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47

Guo, Meixin, Lin Lu, Liugang Sheng, and Miaojie Yu. "The Day After Tomorrow: Evaluating the Burden of Trump's Trade War." Asian Economic Papers 17, no. 1 (2018): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00592.

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During his U.S. presidential campaign Donald Trump threatened China with the imposition of high import tariffs on its exports to the United States. To evaluate the repercussions of such an action, this paper uses Eaton and Kortum's 2002 multi-sector, multi-country general equilibrium model with intersectional linkages to forecast how exports, imports, output, and real wages would change if Trump's threat of 45 percent tariffs is carried out. To view plausible scenarios, we evaluate the case of a unilateral action on the part of the United States, as well as a scenario where China retaliates by

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48

LEE, YONG-SHIK. "Three Wrongs Do Not Make a Right: The Conundrum of the US Steel and Aluminum Tariffs." World Trade Review 18, no. 3 (2019): 481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474561900020x.

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AbstractIn March 2018, the United States enacted tariff increases on a vast range of imported steel and aluminum products. The Trump administration cited national security concerns as the justification, claiming an exception under GATT Article XXI. In response to these tariffs, several WTO Members, including the European Union, Canada, Mexico, China, Russia, and Turkey, adopted their own tariffs against imports from the United States, justifying their tariffs under the WTO Agreement on Safeguards. Other Members, such as South Korea, Brazil, and Argentina opted for quota agreements on these exp

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Petrolia, Daniel R., and P. Lynn Kennedy. "Increasing the United States Tariff-Rate Sugar Quota for Cuba and Mexico: A Partial-Equilibrium Simulation." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 35, no. 3 (2003): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800028303.

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Increases in the United States tariff-rate quota for sugar are simulated to determine the impact of Cuban market access and an increased Mexican allotment. The effects on both domestic and international sugar markets, including production, consumption, prices, and trade, are determined and welfare effects identified. This analysis is carried out using a partial-equilibrium simplified world trade model, Modele Internationale Simplifié de Simulation (MISS), which simulates, in a comparative-static framework, the effects of various policy actions.

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Nyankori, James C. O., C. Parr Rosson, and P. J. Rathwell. "Estimates of the Effects of Canadian Tariff on Fresh Peach Imports From the United States." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 35, no. 1 (1987): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1987.tb02175.x.

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