Academic literature on the topic 'Tariff setting'

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Journal articles on the topic "Tariff setting"

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Zadorozhniy, Vyacheslav, Ksenia Zyryankina, and Maksim Bakalov. "Forecasting rolling stock indicators in the market of transport services using the neural network method." E3S Web of Conferences 549 (2024): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454904007.

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The research is aimed at identifying patterns in the formation of tariffs, forecasting wagon rental rates and other indicators of the use of rolling stock using the neural network method. The process of tariff formation in the transport services market is investigated using the neural network method on the 1C platform. Various indicators of wagon use that affect the wagon rental rate are presented. They consider various approaches to tariff setting and propose principles for an optimal approach to setting tariffs in modern conditions. The results of the research can be applied in the further d
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Macheret, D. "RAILWAY FREIGHT TARIFFS: HISTORY AND MODERNITY." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 2 (2017): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-2-25.

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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].Khusainov, F. I. Pricing in Railway Transport. History of Rail Freight Tariffs in Russia: textbook. Moscow, MGUPS publ., 2017, 102 p. ABSTRACT The training manual presents a retrospective of tariffs from the inception of the railways in Russia until 2015. The book analyzes all tariff reforms, the principles of building tariffs, their structure, the reasons for changing tariff-setting models, tariff discussions of scientists from different schools. From the book it
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Horal, Liliana, Svitlana Korol, Olha Stepaniuk, and Marta Shkvarylyuk. "Methodology of tariff setting in gas supply: the experience of Ukraine." Economic Analysis, no. 33(3) (2023): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2023.03.088.

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Introduction. Gas supply is one of the most important components of Ukraine's energy security, as well as an important factor in the country's socio-economic development. However, Ukraine's gas sector faces numerous challenges, including low energy efficiency, high dependence on imports, lack of transparency and corruption, unregulated market and mismatch of tariffs to costs and market conditions. In this context, the methodology of tariff formation in gas supply is a key tool for achieving efficiency, competitiveness and sustainability of the gas sector. Purpose. Conduct a generalization of t
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Rico, Alfonso, Alberto Mendoza, Emilio Mayoral, and César Rivera. "Criteria for Setting Tariffs on Toll Highways in Mexico." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1558, no. 1 (1996): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155800106.

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A methodology for determining the tariffs that should be charged for different types of vehicles driven on new toll roads in Mexico is presented. The methodology is based on two criteria: maximize the income of the toll collector (whether this collector is a government agency or a private concessionaire) and minimize national transport costs. The first criterion requires the development of binary logit models for predicting the traffic demand fraction choosing the toll alternative. The second criterion requires the minimization of road users' transport cost, which is composed of vehicle operat
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Amalia, Melisa Syafitri, Isnaini Harahap, and Wahyu Syarvina. "Analisis Penetapan Tarif Dasar PAMSIMAS Desa Sungai Raja Berdasarkan Teori Full Cost Recovery Dalam Persfektif Ekonomi Islam." VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas 3, no. 2 (2023): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/visa.v3i2.2583.

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This study aims to determine and understand the setting of PAMSIMAS tariffs in Sungai Raja Village based on the Full Cost Recovery theory and to understand and understand the Islamic Economics review of the setting of PAMSIMAS tariffs in Sungai Raja Village. The research methodology used is qualitative with descriptive method. The object of this research is PAMSIMAS Sungai Raja Village. Sources of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data in the form of interviews, documentation and secondary data in the form of regulations and laws relating to the determination
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Helmiah, Najia, and Nasrudin. "SIMULASI KEBIJAKAN PADA IMPLEMENTASI PERJANJIAN KOMPREHENSIF INDONESIA-AUSTRALIA (IA-CEPA) TERHADAP PASAR DAGING SAPI DOMESTIK." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 15, no. 2 (2021): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v15i2.633.

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Abstrak 
 Beberapa tahun terakhir, pemenuhan permintaan daging sapi di Indonesia masih bergantung pada impor khususnya dari Australia. Impor daging sapi dapat menstabilkan harga daging sapi domestik, tetapi di lain sisi dapat menekan pendapatan peternak lokal. Implementasi dari IA-CEPA adalah penghapusan tarif impor dan TRQ (Tariff Rate Quota) untuk komoditas sapi hidup. Penghapusan tarif menyebabkan harga sapi yang masuk ke Indonesia menjadi lebih murah dan memperbesar peluang peningkatan volume impor sapi hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis skenario terbaik untuk meningka
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Prokhorova, Viktoriia V., Yuliia V. Us, and Yaryna V. Yukhman. "Features of Tariff Management in the Context of the Green Economy." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 2, no. 60 (2024): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2024-2-53-60.

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The article determines that modern energy is mostly based on non-renewable primary energy sources. Therefore, the formation of renewable energy plays an important role today. It is noted that Europe and the world have identified a green economy and climate-neutral energy as a benchmark for their development. Attention is focused on the consideration that under such conditions of development, the issue of tariff setting in the context of the green economy plays a key role in the transformation of the energy system and support of the green economy, since effective tariff setting helps to attract
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Daria, Zamotajlova Elena Popova Jannet Tambieva Madina Erkenova. "COMPROMISE BETWEEN PRICE AND TARIFF SETTING AS THE BASIS TO DEVELOP THE RURAL HOUSING SERVICES." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 03 (2019): 5630–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2596659.

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<em>The method of tariff formation in housing and communal services for a long time remained one of the most serious problems of the industry in Russia especially in rural areas. The traditional method of tariffs&rsquo; calculation for housing and communal services provided to the population and enterprises, the so-called &ldquo;cost plus&rdquo; approach was applied. Its meaning lies in a simple summation of the cost price of a service with a premium that was set directly by a particular housing and communal enterprise within the maximum and minimum values. The analysis of this approach made i
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Bashlakov-Nikolaev, I. V. "Competition of Tariff Regulation Models: Results of a Critical Analysis of the Draft Federal Law “On the Foundations of State Regulation of Prices (Tariffs)”." Russian competition law and economy, no. 4 (January 11, 2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47361/2542-0259-2021-4-28-34-45.

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The key aspects of the draft federal law “On the fundamentals of state regulation of prices (tariffs)” submitted by FAS Russia to the Government of the Russian Federation on June 8, 2021 following the discussion of this draft law by the working group on the implemen- tation of the “regulatory guillotine” mechanism were considered.This draft law is an attempt to form the general part of the tariff legislation of the Russian Federation.The article also discusses an alternative model for regulating issues related to the setting of prices (tariffs) — the codification of tariff legislation, which w
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Lønholdt, J., P. Elberg Jørgensen, and D. O'Hearn. "Setting-up a cost recovery system for the largest wastewater treatment plant in south-east Asia." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 12 (2005): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0444.

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A tariff system has been set up for the largest wastewater treatment plant in South-East Asia, the Samut Prakarn Wastewater Treatment Plant south of Bangkok, which is currently under completion. Fully functional the plant will have a design capacity for 500,000m3 per day and will service a combined residential and industrial area with approximately 600,000 residents and 2,300 factories. The tariff system, which includes a tariff model, is based on water consumption and BOD load. As background for setting the tariffs a comprehensive monitoring system including an industrial permitting system ha
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tariff setting"

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Mrykhina, O. "Methodological approaches to price setting for the services of communal enterprises based on conservation of the resources." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31657.

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Innovative progress of Ukraine's economy predetermines necessity of solving problematic issues in many fields, but communal sphere is one of the priorities. The level of everyone’s life depends mainly on the quality of services provided by communal enterprises as well as the rates established by them. Now the quality of practically all utilities remains at the low level and does not meet the established standards. While the rate of tariffs is gradually increasing. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31657
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Norden, Ryan Henri. "Persepectives on market processes followed in setting South African water services tariffs." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018929.

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South Africa’s private sector and the practice of using market processes are often dismissed by the government as service providing options, because they increase costs and fail the poor population. There is some substance to the government’s position, given that there is a natural monopoly advantage in water service provision. Under these circumstances it could be expected that a single firm would emerge as dominant in the provision of these services to urban customers. Were this firm a private one, and unregulated, it could be expected to practice exploitative pricing, make excess profits, a
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Dewez, Sophie. "On the toll setting problem." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211104.

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In this thesis we study the problem of road taxation. This problem consists in finding the toll on the roads belonging to the government or a private company in order to maximize the revenue. An optimal taxation policy consists in determining level of tolls low enough to favor the use of toll arcs, and high enough to get important revenues. Since there are twolevels of decision, the problem is formulated as a bilevel bilinear program.<br>Doctorat en sciences, Orientation recherche opérationnelle<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Shabgard, Bita. "Three essays on industrial organization: competition, price setting, regulation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671327.

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Aquesta tesi doctoral es troba en el camp de l'organització industrial i se centra en tres mercats, és a dir, el mercat de motors de cerca, la indústria bancària i el mercat de pagaments amb targeta. Utilitzo enfocaments teòrics i empírics per estudiar qüestions clau en aquests mercats, com la competència, la fixació de preus i el antimonopoli. En aquest sentit, aquesta tesi doctoral té els tres objectius següents. El primer objectiu és estudiar si i en circumpstancies circumstàncies l'asimetria entre els motors de cerca tendeix a augmentar o disminuir amb el temps i si és possible augmenta
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Bandara, YMS. "Influential factors in seaport infrastructure pricing." Thesis, 2015. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23159/1/Bandara_whole_thesis.pdf.

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This study concentrates on the pricing of seaport infrastructure which includes port charges on the use of access channels and berth facilities. A closer examination of published port tariffs reveals that the port entry and berth use-related port tariffs, often referred to as channel dues and berth occupancy charges, are differentiated based on vessel volume (Gross Tonnage, Gross Registered Tonnage and Length Over All), ship type (container ship, general cargo ship, tanker) and traffic type (foreign-going vessels and coastal vessels). These two charges are one of the main revenue sources for a
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Costa, Teresa Carmo Salgueiro. "A utilidade da contabilidade de custos nas autarquias : o caso da fixação das tarifas e preços municipais." Master's thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/4924.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Contabilidade e Auditoria.<br>As autarquias locais deparam-se actualmente com um cenário de escassez de recursos para fazer face ao acréscimo constante das necessidades locais. As receitas em relação às quais as autarquias têm maior margem de manobra financeira são as oriundas das taxas, tarifas e preços. Deste modo, importa analisar a informação que é utilizada como base de trabalho na ponderação dos valores a cobrar aos utentes dos bens e serviços. O POCAL veio responder a esta necessidade ao estabelecer a obrigatoriedade da Contabilidade de Custos no apuramento do
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Books on the topic "Tariff setting"

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Khan, Shahrukh Rafi. NEPRA tariff setting strategy. Sustainable Development Policy Institute, 1999.

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Dole, David Donald. Setting user charges for public services: Policies and practice at the Asian Development Bank. Asian Development Bank, 2003.

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Dole, David Donald. Setting user charges for public services: Policies and practice at the Asian Development Bank. Asian Development Bank, 2003.

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Dole, David Donald. Setting user charges for public services: Policies and practice at the Asian Development Bank. Asian Development Bank, 2003.

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Dole, David Donald. Setting user charges for public services: Policies and practice at the Asian Development Bank. Asian Development Bank, 2003.

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Dole, David Donald. Setting user charges for public services: Policies and practice at the Asian Development Bank. Asian Development Bank, 2003.

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Saqib, Mohammed. Setting the house in order: A study on technical standards that affect Indian agriculture trade. Bazaar Chintan, 2003.

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Campbell, June. " A matter of life or death: The problem of setting a fair tariff for the offence of homicide.. University of East London, 1998.

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School, Harvard Business, ed. Carbon tariffs: Effects in settings with technology choice and foreign comparative advantage. Harvard Business School, 2012.

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Tariff setting guidelines: A reduced discretion approach for regulators of water and sanitation services. The World Bank, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tariff setting"

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Pérez-Arriaga, Ignacio J., and Yves Smeers. "Guidelines on Tariff Setting." In Transport Pricing of Electricity Networks. Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3756-1_7.

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Eshtawi, Tamer A. "Employing the Household Basket Method: A Case Study on Estimating Affordability in Municipal Water Tariff Setting in the Gaza Strip." In Technical and Vocational Education and Training: Issues, Concerns and Prospects. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7798-7_31.

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"Tariff Studies." In Power System Planning Technologies and Applications. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0173-4.ch013.

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Electricity tariff, in general, needs to reflect the true cost of supply in order to ensure maintaining an adequate level of security of supply and the financial viability of the electricity sector including private and public entities. The true cost of supply needs to be determined accurately by an independent body. This is the role of the regulatory agency responsible for setting the tariff, taking into consideration the welfare of all stakeholders.
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"Water tariff setting methodologies in selected territories." In OECD Studies on Water. OECD, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264231092-41-en.

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Delton, Jennifer A. "Trade, Tariffs, and the Postwar Economic Order." In The Industrialists. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691167862.003.0008.

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This chapter turns to the National Association of Manufacturers' (NAM) activities during the Cold War. The Cold War impeded full global economic integration, but it also provided an opportunity for free enterprise to show its superiority to state-directed economic systems. Hence, NAM and other international organizations had to conduct a high degree of coordination, standard-setting, and information exchange in order to globalize capitalism. But that work fostered tensions, especially with regard to tariffs. Tariff reduction was key to the postwar trade agenda. Here, NAM was, as usual, divided
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Lee, Kiefer, and Steve Carter. "Global Pricing and Terms of Access." In Global Marketing Management. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hebz/9780199609703.003.0016.

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This chapter focuses on global pricing and terms of access. It lists the factors impacting global pricing decisions. The chapter then discusses pricing strategies such as competitive pricing, geographical pricing, promotional pricing, and product mix pricing. It highlights the concept behind price changes. Additionally, the chapter notes special issues related to global price setting such as price escalation, currency fluctuations, inflation, and leasing. It explores the export order process as well. The chapter considers tariffs and non-tariff barriers as terms of access. It cites incoterms a
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Lyons QC, Timothy. "The Common Customs Tariff: Administration and Interpretation." In EU Customs Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784029.003.0005.

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The Common Customs Tariff (‘the Tariff’) came into existence on 1 July 1968 nearly 18 months ahead of schedule. Its creation was a formidable achievement. It has been said that a total of 20,000 national tariff items were reduced to what were then 3,000 common tariff items. Originally, the setting up of the Tariff was dealt with in EEC Treaty, Articles 18 to 27. These were repealed in the Treaty of Amsterdam and the EC Treaty had then a simple provision in Article 26 which stated that: ‘Common Customs Tariff duties shall be fixed by the Council acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from
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"Setting the right water tariff for targeted standards of service." In Advances in Water Supply Management. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe9058096081-60.

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Irwin, Douglas A. "Trade Policy." In The Oxford Handbook of Historical Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197618608.013.24.

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Abstract This chapter provides a brief overview of how different economic interests interact with a country’s political system in determining its foreign trade policy. The main instrument of trade policy is the import tariff. In the case of the United States, Congressional voting on trade legislation is affected by various regional economic interests. Trade policy can change as different regions gain or lose political power, and as shifts in trade flows affect different constituencies in new ways. The chapter also examines the role of political parties in the setting of US trade policy.
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Pettigrew, Mark. "The Making of a Monster." In Cases on Crimes, Investigations, and Media Coverage. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9668-5.ch002.

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Occurring between 1963 and 1965, the murders committed by Myra Hindley and Ian Brady are notorious in British criminal history. Whilst the crimes were callous and coldblooded, their infamy is largely the result of the media's enduring and relentless preoccupation with Hindley herself. Although it has been nearly 20 years since her death, Hindley continues to appear as a news story even in 2022. This chapter will critically analyse the media discourses that surrounded Hindley from her trial, through the years of her imprisonment, to the time of her death. Particularly, it will assess the detrim
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Conference papers on the topic "Tariff setting"

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Balcan, Maria-Florina, Siddharth Prasad, and Tuomas Sandholm. "Efficient Algorithms for Learning Revenue-Maximizing Two-Part Tariffs." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/47.

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A two-part tariff is a pricing scheme that consists of an up-front lump sum fee and a per unit fee. Various products in the real world are sold via a menu, or list, of two-part tariffs---for example gym memberships, cell phone data plans, etc. We study learning high-revenue menus of two-part tariffs from buyer valuation data, in the setting where the mechanism designer has access to samples from the distribution over buyers' values rather than an explicit description thereof. Our algorithms have clear direct uses, and provide the missing piece for the recent generalization theory of two-part t
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Shvedova, Valentina. "Application of Benchmarking in Electric Power Distribution Tariff-Setting." In 2020 International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/reepe49198.2020.9059141.

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Oviedo, Juan C., Javier E. Solano, Cesar Duarte, David Lupien St-Pierre, and Loic Boulon. "Day Ahead Tariff Setting for Islanded Microgrids Considering Customers Response." In 2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icue-gesd.2018.8635716.

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Tobing, Yosua, and Evita Israhadi. "Tariff Setting as Investment Guarantee on Public to Private Cooperation in Infrastructure Development." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2021, March 6th 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-3-2021.2305978.

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DIAS-FERREIRA, CELIA, ANITA NEVES, and ÁLVARO BRAÑA. "THE SETTING UP OF A PILOT SCALE PAY-AS-YOU-THROW WASTE TARIFF IN AVEIRO, PORTUGAL." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2018. WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm180141.

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Song, Fengmei, John McFarland, Barron Bichon, Luc Huyse, Fraser King, and Laurie Perry. "A Probabilistic Model for Predicting Internal Corrosion Threat in Dry Natural Gas Pipelines." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31319.

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A probabilistic model is developed in this work to predict the internal corrosion (IC) threat due to water condensation in dry natural gas pipelines. The model involves the understanding of tariff limits (TLs) for water and other corrosive species in natural gas; a consensus definition of an extremely unlikely condition for IC threat; a statistical analysis of field operating temperature, pressure, and water content (WC) data from a number of operators; and a known but modified relation of the saturated WC vs. operating temperature and pressure. By setting the limit of the probability of water
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Hawthorne, Bryant, Zhenghui Sha, Jitesh H. Panchal, and Farrokh Mistree. "Developing Competencies for the 21st Century Engineer." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71153.

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This is the second paper in a four-part series focused on a competency-based approach for personalized education in a group setting. In the first paper, we focus on identifying the competencies and meta-competencies required for the 21st century engineers. In this paper, we provide an overview of an approach to developing competencies needed for the fast changing world and allowing the students to be in charge of their own learning. The approach fosters “learning how to learn” in a collaborative environment. We believe that two of the core competencies required for success in the dynamically c
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Matanovac Vučković, Romana, and Siniša Petrović. "CRITERIA FOR SETTING TARIFFS IN COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT - COMPETITION LAW PERSPECTIVE." In International Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence Conference of EU and Comparative Competition Law Issues "Possibilities and Limits of Competition Law: Global Trends, Regional Perspective". Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25234/eclic/35837.

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Astapova, G., L. Skirnevskaya та V. Krivets. "МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ТАРИФООБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ГРУЗОПЕРЕВОЗКИ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫМ ТРАНСПОРТОМ В ДОНЕЦКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ". У Perspektivy social`no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia prigranichnyh regionov 2019. Институт экономики - обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра "Карельский научный центр Российской академии наук", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36867/br.2019.81.43.007.

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В материале статьи на основе анализа результатов финансовохозяйственной деятельности ГП Донецкая железная дорога за 20172018 гг. доказана необходимость изменения методологии тарифообразования для обеспечения рентабельности работы предприятия. Обоснована необходимость отказа от действующего затратного подхода к расчету тарифов на перевозку грузов железнодорожным транспортом в ДНР. Проведена оценка подходов к обоснованию платы за оказание транспортных услуг предприятием железнодорожного транспорта. Обоснована целесообразность использования техникоэкономического метода определения целевой прибыли
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Danassis, Panayiotis, Shresth Verma, Jackson A. Killian, Aparna Taneja, and Milind Tambe. "Limited Resource Allocation in a Non-Markovian World: The Case of Maternal and Child Healthcare." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/660.

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The success of many healthcare programs depends on participants' adherence. We consider the problem of scheduling interventions in low resource settings (e.g., placing timely support calls from health workers) to increase adherence and/or engagement. Past works have successfully developed several classes of Restless Multi-armed Bandit (RMAB) based solutions for this problem. Nevertheless, all past RMAB approaches assume that the participants' behaviour follows the Markov property. We demonstrate significant deviations from the Markov assumption on real-world data on a maternal health awareness
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Reports on the topic "Tariff setting"

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Delgado, Alison, Molly Charles, Meredydd Evans, et al. Tariff Setting in the District Heating Sector: Recommendations Based on International Experience. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1826858.

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Briones, Roehlano, and Amerah Azis. Repurposing Rights to Expand Public Access to Water: The Case of the National Irrigation Administration. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62986/pn2025.01.

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Despite state ownership of water resources, significant gaps in water access persist due to fragmented governance. This Policy Note discusses the prospects for enhancing water access for Filipino households and other stakeholders through repurposing the National Irrigation Administration’s (NIA) water rights. It highlights the Memorandum of Agreement between NIA, the National Water Resources Board, and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Water Resource Management Office as a key initiative aimed at ensuring sustainable water resource management. The Note recommends a programmat
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Hertel, Thomas, David Hummels, Maros Ivanic, and Roman Keeney. How Confident Can We Be in CGE-Based Assessments of Free Trade Agreements? GTAP Working Paper, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp26.

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With the proliferation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) over the past decade, demand for quantitative analysis of their likely impacts has surged. The main quantitative tool for performing such analysis is Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling. Yet these models have been widely criticized for performing poorly (Kehoe, 2002) and having weak econometric foundations (McKitrick, 1998; Jorgenson, 1984). FTA results have been shown to be particularly sensitive to the trade elasticities, with small trade elasticities generating large terms of trade effects and relatively modest efficiency gain
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Milante, Gary, and Jannie Lilja. Chronic Crisis Financing? Fifty Years of Humanitarian Aid and Future Prospects. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/agar2561.

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This study maps trends of humanitarian funding in the context of total aid at the coun-try level between 1969 and 2019 and estimates how these trends will change in the future. Historical trends show that the com-position of aid has changed significantly in the last two dec-ades: the humanitarian share of total aid to countries has increased from approxi-mately 5 per cent in the 1990s to 23 per cent in 2019. Humanitarian aid was originally intended to respond to short-term emergencies, how-ever, most of today’s humani-tarian financing goes to pro-tracted situations. Today many countries receiv
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