Academic literature on the topic 'Tariff volatility'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tariff volatility"
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Gnangnon, Sena Kimm. "Effect of Aid for Trade Policy and Regulations on Tariff Policy Volatility: Does Institutional and Governance Quality Matter?" Economies 7, no. 1 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7010006.
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This article investigates empirically the effect of aid for trade policies and regulations on the volatility of tariffs in the recipient countries. The analysis has used an unbalanced panel dataset of 107 countries over the period from 2002 to 2015. The empirical results, based on the two-step system Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) approach, show that aid for trade policies and regulations influences negatively and significantly tariff policy volatility in recipient countries. Additionally, the findings indicate that the better the institutional and governance quality in recipient countries, the higher is the reducing effect of aid for trade policies and regulations on tariff policy volatility. These results, therefore, suggest that a scale up of aid for trade policies and regulations to, inter alia, build the capacity of policymakers in recipient countries to contribute to reducing tariffs volatility in these countries, which would, in turn, likely benefit donor countries. Furthermore, improving domestic institutions and governance in recipient countries would further enhance the reducing impact of this aid on tariff volatility, which, once again, benefits both the recipient countries and donor countries.
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Amin, Abdullah. "Impact USA Tariff Policy 2025 on Russian Stock Exchange by Mediating Role of Crypto Currency Volatility." Research Journal for Social Affairs 3, no. 5 (2025): 91–96. https://doi.org/10.71317/rjsa.003.05.0305.
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This study examines the mediating role of cryptocurrency volatility specifically Bitcoin in the relationship between the 2025 U.S. universal tariff policy and the volatility of the Russian stock market. By using the daily data from March 27 to April 21, 2025 and applying regression models, the research finds that while U.S. tariff shocks do not directly influence Russian stock market volatility, Bitcoin volatility significantly correlates with fluctuations in the RTS Index. These findings suggest that cryptocurrencies act as financial transmission channels during periods of global economic uncertainty. The results emphasize the need for emerging markets like Russia to consider crypto volatility in risk management. Although limited by a short event window and focus on a single policy event, the study offers critical insights into the interconnectedness of digital assets and traditional financial markets.
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Liu, Zhaolin. "Trade Conflict, Capital Flows and Dynamic Changes in Chinese Stock Market." BCP Business & Management 35 (December 31, 2022): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v35i.3247.
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In Mar, 22nd 2018, the U.S. government announced the list of tariff-imposed commodities, which will impose 25% tariffs on 1,333 items worth US$50billion of goods exports from China to the U.S. The trade war between China and US has been lasted for 4 years and 5 months, the US government has increased the tariffs 6 times, and specifically, this brings a huge impact on capital flows and dynamic changes in Chinese stock market. This paper demonstrates how increase the tariff bring huge impacts on Chinese stock market by analyzing different models, such as ADF test, VAR model, and ARMA-GARCH model, and by studying the results to better understand how Chinese stock market influenced by the tariff increase, and to provide an accurate prediction for the future trend of the Chinese stock market and make recommendation for Chinese investors and Chinese government. The trade war severe impact Chinese economy, and the stock price is falling which lead to investor to hold their money instead of investing in the market, and investors rushed to the safety of low-yielding government debt. The ARMA-GARCH model analyse and present the data and represents the impacts by analysing the stock returns and the volatility. Lastly, there are some recommendations based on current economic situation.
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Henrika, Margareth, Lusiana Desy Ariswati, Muhammad Ramadhani Kesuma, Chandika Mahendra Widaryo, Ellen D. Oktanti Irianto, and Rohana Nur Aini. "Trade wars and tech giants: The U.S.–China policy effect on American technology companies." JEMBA: Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, Manajemen & Bisnis, Akuntansi 5, no. 1 (2025): 65–74. https://doi.org/10.52300/jemba.v5i1.20277.
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The tariff policies implemented by the United States government on imported products from China—particularly technology-related goods—have significantly impacted the global technology sector. This study aims to analyze the influence of U.S.–China tariff policies on American technology companies, with a specific focus on changes in production costs and the operational strategies adopted in response. Employing a qualitative approach through case studies and literature review, the research explores how these tariff measures have affected the performance of U.S. tech firms. The findings reveal that the tariffs have led to increased operational costs, resulting in reduced profit margins and heightened stock price volatility. Large corporations with greater resources tend to better withstand these impacts through supply chain diversification and operational efficiency, while smaller firms face greater challenges. On the other hand, these trade policies have also spurred innovation and strategic restructuring within the tech sector, as major firms invest in automation and process optimization. The study offers insights into mitigation strategies that tech companies can adopt to navigate the effects of volatile international trade policies. These findings hold important implications for strategic decision-making in the face of ongoing global trade uncertainties.
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Algarvio, Hugo. "The Economic Sustainability of Variable Renewable Energy Considering the Negotiation of Different Support Schemes." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 4471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054471.
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The increase in the prices of fossil fuels and environmental issues are leading to a high investment in wind power and solar photovoltaic all over Europe, reducing its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The European countries started incentive programs for investment in these renewable technologies, which consisted of fixed and market premium feed-in tariffs. These feed-in schemes involve long-term contracts with updated prices over inflation. These incentives highly increase the investment and installation of new renewable capacity in Europe. They lead to high renewable penetrations in power systems but originate a tariff deficit due to the difference between market prices and the tariffs paid to these technologies. End-use consumers pay the tariff deficit on retail tariffs. This work analyzes the market-based remuneration of variable renewable energy considering different support schemes and the role of risk-sharing contracts in mitigating the spot price volatility. It presents models able to negotiate bilateral contracts considering risk management, notably risk attitude and risk sharing, bid establishment, and clause (by-laws) negotiation. Furthermore, to evaluate the economic sustainability of renewable generation in Spain, it presents a study for different 12-year support schemes starting in 2010. The results confirmed that, in the case of using risk-sharing contracts during crisis periods, the incidence of low energy prices (price “cannibalization”) decreases, such as the tariff deficit. Furthermore, in the case of high-inflation periods, these contracts hedge against the increase in retail prices, resulting in an economic surplus for consumers.
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Kraft, Arthur, and John Kraft. "Walmart Navigates Tariff Uncertainty." International Journal of Business and Management 20, no. 4 (2025): 41. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v20n4p41.
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Walmart adjusted its expected earnings after the 2025 tariff announcement. Walmart discount stores sourced considerable product from outside the domestic market. The retailer wanted to “maintain flexibility” once tariffs of 10% to 100% became effective. Walmart expected sales growth of up to 4% for the year. Despite uncertainty about tariffs and the economy, Walmart was confident of share gains as prices accelerated. Walmart’s stock gained 3%, a sign that investors believed Walmart would manage tariffs. Even as tariffs raised their costs, Walmart gained market share against competitors, especially the deep discounters outside of the US. Walmart’s scale and supplier base prepared it for economic volatility. In the United States Walmart locally sourced its grocery supply chains. While many of Walmart’s discount store items were sourced from around the world, Walmart had the flexibility of quickly shifting suppliers to circumvent trade barriers, natural disasters, or geopolitical tensions. The current wave of U.S. tariffs applied to every country. Flexibility still existed because Walmart operated 10,585 stores and clubs in twenty-four countries with supply chains for each of these locations. Even though tariffs on Chinese goods were 145%, the tariffs on goods from India were only 27%. Similar differences existed for other counties. The costs were higher, but still cheap relative to tariffs on imports from other countries. If necessary, Walmart could shift from its Chinese suppliers to its India suppliers or those from other countries. The global nature of Walmart’s operations gave them options over domestic competitors. This allowed Walmart to navigate the tariffs without significant disruptions. Walmart was better prepared to protect its supply chains. Even though Walmart was positioned to navigate through the tariffs, consumers were destined to pay higher prices for items. However, the prices were lower than those of their competitors.
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Chunyang, Wei, and Shen Qinjie. "USA Tariff Turmoil and Strategic Dilemmas 2025: Reshaping Business Model Innovation in China–Asean Trade – Evidence From Vietnamese Industries." Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies 08, no. 05 (2025): 2825–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15421631.
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The escalating bilateral tensions between the world`s two largest economies have entered a critical phase, marked by the recent decision of the United States to impose additional tariffs on Chinese imports. In response to these protectionist measures, China subsequently announced retaliatory trade restrictions, resulting in the global economy entering a new phase of uncertainty. This study examines how Vietnamese firms are strategically reshaping their business model innovation within the evolving US-China trade war and seizing the opportunities toward higher firm performance. Our findings indicate that regulation and surveillance, geopolitical issues and warfare, tariff volatility, customer purchase power, and political philosophy orientation have a significant impact on Vietnamese firms’ reshaping business model innovation and achieving higher firm performance amid the current international political and economic environment. Addressing the current US tariff turmoil is not the only way to drive business model innovation for Vietnamese companies, but they also need a series of important links in promoting the progress of scientific international management.
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Sierra, Juan Felipe Garcia, Jesús Fernández Fernández, Diego Fernández-Lázaro, Ángel Manuel Guerrero-Higueras, Virginia Riego del Castillo, and Lidia Sánchez-González. "Home Electricity Sourcing: An Automated System to Optimize Prices for Dynamic Electricity Tariffs." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 9, no. 4 (2025): 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9040073.
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Governments are focusing on citizen participation in the energy transition, e.g., with dynamic electricity tariffs, which pass part of the wholesale price volatility to end users. While often the cheapest alternative, these tariffs require micromanagement for optimization. In this research, an automated system capable of supplying electricity for home use at minimal cost called Smart Relays and Controller (SRC) is presented. SRC scrapes prices online, charges a battery system during the cheapest time slots and supplies electricity to the home energy system from the cheapest source, either the battery or the grid, while optimizing battery life. To validate the system, a comparison is made between SRC, a programmable scheduler and PVPC (Spain’s dynamic tariff) using twenty-eight months of hourly historical data. SRC is shown to be superior to both the scheduler and PVPC, with the scheduler performing worse than SRC but better than PVPC (T.T., p < 0.001). SRC achieves a 36.16% discount over PVPC, 13.89% when factoring in battery life. The savings are 44.24% higher with SRC than with a scheduler. Neither inflation nor incentives to reduce costs are considered. While we studied Spain’s tariff, SRC would work in any country offering dynamic electricity tariffs, with benefit margins dependent on their particularities.
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Countryman, Amanda M., and Badri G. Narayanan. "Price volatility, tariff structure and the special safeguard mechanism." Economic Modelling 64 (August 2017): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.04.008.
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Zhu, Yuxuan. "A Study on the Development of Chinese Agriculture under the US-China Tariff War and Countermeasures." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 48, no. 1 (2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/48/20230417.
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Since the trade friction between China and the US in 2018, the US has maintained a surplus in agricultural trade between China and the US, and China will also impose agricultural tariffs in response to the US sanctions. the list of tariff increases announced by China and the US in 2018 covers all types of agricultural products traded between China and the US, meaning that agricultural trade becomes an important part of the game between the two countries. Based on the list and the analysis of previous literature, this paper focuses on the development of Chinese agriculture and tries to provide countermeasures. The study finds that the US-China tariff war has both positive and negative impacts on China's agricultural development, bringing benefits to some enterprises and pushing back the development of new foreign trade markets. It has caused losses to relevant stakeholders, increased price volatility of agricultural products, and is detrimental to the development of agricultural foreign trade and the restructuring of agriculture. In the future, the development of Chinese agriculture can be promoted through the promotion of market stability, the continuous optimization of the agricultural structure and the improvement of modernization.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tariff volatility"
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Bittencourt, Mauricio Vaz Lobo. "The impacts of trade liberalization and macroeconomic instability on the Brazilian economy." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1101328593.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 262 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 246-262).
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Hernández, Santibáñez Nicolás Iván. "Contributions to the principal-agent theory and applications in economics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED086.
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Dans cette thèse, les aspects théoriques et les applications en économie du modèle Principal-Agent sont étudiés.La première partie de la thèse présente deux applications du modèle. Dans la première, un fournisseur d’électricité détermine le tarif de consommation optimal pour ses clients. La population est hétérogène et le fournisseur observe parfaitement la consommation des clients. Cela conduit à une sélection adverse sans aléa moral. Le problème du Principal s’écrit commeun problème variationnel non standard, qui peut être résolu sous certaines formes particulières de l’utilité de réservation de la population. Les contrats optimaux obtenus sont linéaires ou polynomiaux par rapport à la consommation et le fournisseur d’électricité ne contracte que les consommateurs avec un faible ou un fort appétit pour l’électricité.Dans la deuxième application, une banque surveille un pool de prêts identiques soumis à une contagion Markovienne. La banque collecte des fonds auprès d’un investisseur, qui ne peut pas observer les actions de la banque et ne sait pas sa capacité à faire son travail. Ces travaux c’est une extension du modèle de Pagès et Possamaï [84] au cas du aléa moral avec sélection adverse. Suivant l’approche de Cvitanić, Wan et Yang [31] à ces problèmes, l’ensemble crédible est calculé explicitement et la fonction valeur de l’investisseur est obtenue au moyen de un système récursif d’inégalités variationnelles. Les propriétés des contrats optimaux sont discutées en détail.Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, le problème d’un Agent contrôlant le drift d’un processus de diffusion sous incertitude de volatilité est étudié. On suppose que le Principal et l’Agent ont une approche pessimiste du problème et ils agissent comme si un troisième joueur, la Nature, choisissait la pire volatilité possible. Ce travail est une extension à Mastrolia et Possamaï [64] et Sung [125] à un cadre plus général. Il est prouvé que la fonction valeur de l’Agent peut être représentée comme la solution à un EDSR de second ordre, et aussi que la fonction valeur du Principal correspond à la solution de viscosité unique de l’équationassociée Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs, étant donné que celle-ci satisfait un résultat de comparaison<br>In this thesis, theoretical aspects and applications in economics of the Principal-Agent model are studied.The first part of the thesis presents two applications of the model. In the first one, an electricity provider determines the optimal tariff of consumption for its clients. Population is heterogeneous and the provider observes perfectly the consumption of the clients. This leads to a setting of adverse selection without moral hazard. The problem of the Principal writes as a non-standard variational problem, which can be solved under certain particular forms of the reservation utility of the population. The optimal contracts obtained are either linear or polynomial with respect to the consumption and the electricity provider contractsonly consumers with either low or high appetite for electricity.In the second application, a bank monitors a pool of identical loans subject to Markovian contagion. The bank raises funds from an investor, who cannot observe the actions of the bank and neither knows his ability to do the job. This is an extension of the model of Pagès and Possamaï [84] to the case of both moral hazard and adverse selection. Following the approach of Cvitanić, Wan and Yang [31] to these problems, the dynamic credible set is computed explicitly and the value function of the investor is obtained through a recursive system of variational inequalities. The properties of the optimal contracts are discussed in detail.In the second part of the thesis, the problem of an Agent controlling the drift of a diffusion process under volatility uncertainty is studied. It is assumed that the Principal and the Agent have a worst–case approach to the problem and they act as if a third player, the Nature, was choosing the worst possible volatility. This work is an extension to Mastrolia and Possamaï [64] and Sung [125] to a more general framework. It is proved that the value function of the agent can be represented as the solution to a second–order BSDE, and also that the value function of the Principal corresponds to the unique viscosity solution of the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs equation, given that the latter satisfies a comparison result
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Tang, Candy Mei Fung. "Hotel occupancy rate volatility and its determinants." Thesis, 2011. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/21348/.
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In the hotel industry, the occupancy rate, which is the number of rooms occupied by inbound tourists in proportion to the total number of rooms available for occupation, is an indicator of a hotel’s availability. For planning purposes, it is useful for hotel management to know well in advance the expected occupancy rates. However, since the hotel industry is among the most volatile and is influenced by local and international economic and political factors, it is difficult to predict exact occupancy rates. To manage risks associated with this volatility and uncertainty, the hotel industry considers it sufficient to be able to know in advance the turning points in occupancy rates, which are the periods in time when increasing occupancy rates change to decreasing occupancy rates and, subsequently, decreasing occupancy rates change to increasing occupancy rates.
The present study aims to develop models that could predict the turning points of the upward and downward trends in hotel occupancy rates so that hoteliers would know in advance when the current trend would change for the better or worse. These models are developed not for individual hotels but for groups of hotels that have similar tariffs or pricing levels, as occupancy rates vary according to prices charged. Given that there is no evidence of past research using non-linear models for predicting occupancy rates in the hotel industry, the present study predicts the turning points that indicate the directional change in the hotel occupancy rate by estimating logistic and probit regression models with a composite leading indicator and hotel demand determinants.
Books on the topic "Tariff volatility"
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Brunner, Allan D. Trade costs, market integration, and macroeconomic volatility. International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute, 2003.
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Kerf, Michel, and Eric Groom. Protecting Electricity Retailers Against Price Volatility : The Electricity Tariff Equalization Fund in New South Wales. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1596/10610.
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Bouët, Antoine, Sunday Pierre Odjo, and Chahir Zaki, eds. 2022 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor (AATM). AKADEMIYA2063 and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54067/9781737916437.
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Agricultural trade and global food security have been dramatically affected by a series of events. While the global economy is recovering in 2022 from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has sparked new and challenging problems. In a context where agricultural prices were recovering from a generalized surge throughout the pandemic, the war reversed these trends and opened an new episode of rising food prices, general inflationary pressures, and increased volatility. The combination of these shocks affects agricultural trade and food security throughout Africa, especially in countries highly dependent on food imports. The role of trade in creating resilience in this volatile environment is crucial and has been much discussed. From this perspective, the 2022 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor (AATM) contributes to our understanding of African agricultural trade and its relationship with food and nutrition security in several important ways. First, it provides a thorough analysis of regional and continental trade in agriculture and selected value chains using accurate statistics developed for this report. This year, it adds an analysis of the nutritional content of African trade and looks closely at the trade in processed products. Second, it examines the potentially transformative impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on the region’s economies. Third, at the regional level, it analyzes the evolution of intra- as well as extra-regional trade flows, and trade policy of one of Africa’s Regional Economic Communities (RECs), namely the Economic Community of Central Africa States (ECCAS). As in prior editions, this fifth AATM provides improved trade statistics and uses consistent indicators to monitor trends in Africa’s participation in global trade as well as the status of intra-African trade. The report highlights three main findings. First, the insertion of African countries in global and regional value chains is low but has recently improved. Indeed, both forward participation in value chains (that is, provision of inputs to other countries’ processing sectors) and backward participation (incorporation of imported intermediates into African traded products) have increased, although forward links have grown faster than backward links. Second, intra-African trade increased significantly prior to the pandemic in most RECs, especially in processed products. Yet, this trend was halted by the COVID-19 shock, especially in ECCAS and the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU). Third, the nutritional content of extra-African trade is concentrated in products with a high value and a low caloric content. In comparison, intra-African flows are more intensive in calories, fat, and protein. The report also examines a number of special topics. One chapter is devoted to modeling the impacts on trade, growth, and welfare of several potential approaches to AfCFTA implementation. The results confirm that there is a high opportunity cost associated with weak AfCFTA implementation, which is why it is crucial to take a more ambitious approach that fully liberalizes tariffs and reduces nontariff measures. The 2022 AATM also conducts a detailed analysis of trends and policy issues in value chains for stimulants (cocoa, coffee, and tea), demonstrating that trade in these sectors is still concentrated in unprocessed products. Finally, the report examines in-depth the patterns of trade integration within ECCAS. One important finding is that intraregional trade is still impeded by many tariffs, nontariff measures, and poor transport infrastructure. AKADEMIYA2063 and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) are pleased to present this collaborative report, which provides an insightful review of Africa’s progress in trade development, within and beyond the continent, and new analysis on critical topics for trade in Africa’s agrifood sector.
Book chapters on the topic "Tariff volatility"
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Masters, William A., and Amelia B. Finaret. "From Local to Global: International Trade and Value Chains." In Food Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53840-7_11.
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AbstractThis chapter shows how local and national food systems are interconnected through trade, storage and processing, forming a global system that links each country’s producers and consumers. We define the concept of comparative advantage and extend our analytical diagrams to explain the prices observed in international trade, including the influence of transportation costs and commodity storage on price levels and price volatility in each country. We address the role of tariffs, quotas and other policies, showing their impact on income distribution within each country and the incentives they create for political leaders to restrict trade, and describe the extent and nature of policy interventions that shape each country’s role in the global food system. The second section of the chapter addresses the institutional arrangements and value chains in each country that link agricultural producers to end-users. Individual enterprises often seek horizontal integration in the provision of different things over a larger geographic area, and may also seek vertical integration in controlling their own source of supplies and marketing to end-users. The alternative to integration is for enterprises to specialize in their own domain, and make transactions with each other through markets whose institutional structure and governance influences the risk of market failure in terms of quality assurance, pricing and market power. The institutional context for each activity along the value chain also influences its environmental externalities, worker rights and health impacts, creating the need and opportunity for social accounting of the full costs and benefits of each product.
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"Tariff Policy with International Financial Markets." In Exchange Rate Volatility, Trade, and Capital Flows under Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511549281.009.
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Simonovic, Zoran, and Predrag Vukovic. "Characteristics Development of Agriculture and Agricultural Policy Southeast European Countries." In Environmental and Agricultural Informatics. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9621-9.ch042.
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In general the agricultural policy South East European countries are characterized by high volatility, which is expressed in terms of applied instruments and measures as well as in regard to the products to which it relates. In the first phase of price and trade liberalization, most countries have abolished or significantly reduced non-tariff barriers to the import and export of a wide range of products. Also, most countries have reduced or abolished production subsidies and left import tariffs as the main instrument to protect producers. This chapter emphasizes that the further development of CAP in many ways depended on negotiations with the countries of Southeast Europe. Some of these countries are already in the EU and some candidate countries which are at different levels of negotiation with the EU. Southeast European countries are basically agricultural country with low productivity and low prices of agricultural products to be completely restructured. These countries can be reintegrated into CAP only respect the rules and with the help of EU member states.
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Simonovic, Zoran, and Predrag Vukovic. "Characteristics Development of Agriculture and Agricultural Policy Southeast European Countries." In Food Science, Production, and Engineering in Contemporary Economies. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0341-5.ch011.
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In general the agricultural policy South East European countries are characterized by high volatility, which is expressed in terms of applied instruments and measures as well as in regard to the products to which it relates. In the first phase of price and trade liberalization, most countries have abolished or significantly reduced non-tariff barriers to the import and export of a wide range of products. Also, most countries have reduced or abolished production subsidies and left import tariffs as the main instrument to protect producers. This chapter emphasizes that the further development of CAP in many ways depended on negotiations with the countries of Southeast Europe. Some of these countries are already in the EU and some candidate countries which are at different levels of negotiation with the EU. Southeast European countries are basically agricultural country with low productivity and low prices of agricultural products to be completely restructured. These countries can be reintegrated into CAP only respect the rules and with the help of EU member states.
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Dinçer, Hasan, Serhat Yüksel, and Gülsüm Sena Uluer. "Understanding the Impact of Trade War Between the US and China on Oil Price Volatility." In Global Tariff War: Economic, Political and Social Implications. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-314-720211013.
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Pettis, Michael. "Conclusion: The New Financial Architecture." In The Volatility Machine. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195143300.003.0010.
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Abstract The story by now is well known in academic lore. A famous academic, one of the world ‘s leading proponents of deregulation and free markets, is invited to come to Chile following a period of difficult economic conditions and political conflict. He and his follower propose a series of measures to open up the economy, which include reducing banking restrictions, freeing up the allocation of credit, eliminating trade tariffs, and deregulating the local economy.
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"Fiscal Policy under Uncertainty." In Fiscal Monitor, April 2025. International Monetary Fund, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229002516.089.ch001.
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Escalating uncertainty and policy shifts are reshaping the fiscal outlook. Global public debt projections have been revised upwards, while tariffs, uncertainty and market volatility, increased defense spending, and challenging foreign aid are intensifying risks. Countries must implement gradual fiscal adjustments within credible medium-term frameworks to reduce debt and build buffers against heightened uncertainty. Reforms to major expenditure programs, such as energy subsidies and pensions, are crucial to reducing fiscal vulnerabilities while fostering growth. Stakeholder acceptance is critical for advancing such reforms. Shoring up public support requires strategic design, effective communication, robust safety nets, and trust in governance.
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"Public Sentiment Matters." In Fiscal Monitor, April 2025. International Monetary Fund, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229002516.089.ch002.
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Escalating uncertainty and policy shifts are reshaping the fiscal outlook. Global public debt projections have been revised upwards, while tariffs, uncertainty and market volatility, increased defense spending, and challenging foreign aid are intensifying risks. Countries must implement gradual fiscal adjustments within credible medium-term frameworks to reduce debt and build buffers against heightened uncertainty. Reforms to major expenditure programs, such as energy subsidies and pensions, are crucial to reducing fiscal vulnerabilities while fostering growth. Stakeholder acceptance is critical for advancing such reforms. Shoring up public support requires strategic design, effective communication, robust safety nets, and trust in governance.
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"Glossary." In Fiscal Monitor, April 2025. International Monetary Fund, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229002516.089.ch004.
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Escalating uncertainty and policy shifts are reshaping the fiscal outlook. Global public debt projections have been revised upwards, while tariffs, uncertainty and market volatility, increased defense spending, and challenging foreign aid are intensifying risks. Countries must implement gradual fiscal adjustments within credible medium-term frameworks to reduce debt and build buffers against heightened uncertainty. Reforms to major expenditure programs, such as energy subsidies and pensions, are crucial to reducing fiscal vulnerabilities while fostering growth. Stakeholder acceptance is critical for advancing such reforms. Shoring up public support requires strategic design, effective communication, robust safety nets, and trust in governance.
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"Methodological and Statistical Appendix." In Fiscal Monitor, April 2025. International Monetary Fund, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229002516.089.ch005.
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Escalating uncertainty and policy shifts are reshaping the fiscal outlook. Global public debt projections have been revised upwards, while tariffs, uncertainty and market volatility, increased defense spending, and challenging foreign aid are intensifying risks. Countries must implement gradual fiscal adjustments within credible medium-term frameworks to reduce debt and build buffers against heightened uncertainty. Reforms to major expenditure programs, such as energy subsidies and pensions, are crucial to reducing fiscal vulnerabilities while fostering growth. Stakeholder acceptance is critical for advancing such reforms. Shoring up public support requires strategic design, effective communication, robust safety nets, and trust in governance.
Conference papers on the topic "Tariff volatility"
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Moazzami, Majid, Hossein Shahinzadeh, Majid Najafi, Zohreh Azani, Shohreh Azani, and Gevork B. Gharehpetian. "Electricity Tariff Volatility Mitigation Using Uncertainty-Diminution and Hedge Contracts along with Risk Management Policies." In 2022 30th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee55646.2022.9827414.
Full textReports on the topic "Tariff volatility"
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Stern, Mauricio. Windfalls for All? International Elasticities and Dutch Disease in a Commodity Exporting Economy. Banco de México, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36095/banxico/di.2025.06.
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This paper analyzes the effect of commodity price fluctuations on a commodity-exporting economy. Using Chilean and international copper market data, I find that positive copper price changes resulting from copper-specific demand shocks generate a broad GDP expansion, with no visible decline in manufacturing exports. These results provide evidence against the Dutch disease hypothesis, which posits the crowding-out effect of commodity price increases on the manufacturing sector. I then estimate a small open economy business-cycle model and find that a low degree of substitution between domestic and foreign goods explains the positive sectoral effect of a commodity price shock. Finally, I evaluate how tariffs on imports determine the volatility of total output in response to commodity price shocks, and find that lower tariffs reduce the volatility of total production when commodity prices fluctuate.