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Goldson, Doug, Steve Reeves, Jon Barwise, and John Etchemendy. "The Language of First-Order Logic, including the Macintosh Program Tarski's World." Philosophical Quarterly 44, no. 175 (April 1994): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2219757.
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Raitt, David. "World Watch." Electronic Library 14, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb045462.
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World Watch is a nifty little software package for Windows which displays world and regional maps showing cities and the local time for various locations selected by the user. In addition, a dynamic illuminated pattern in the centre of the map shows those areas of the world currently experiencing daylight. The pattern highlights the progress of seasons, displays sunrise and sunset as they happen and automatically adjusts to summer or daylight saving time. World Watch also doubles as a very nice screen saver which utilises all the functions of the program. The package contains a 3.5″ disk and user manual (pretty good), and installing the program is simplicity itself — simply insert the diskette and follow instructions, and in an instant the program is ready for use and/or customisation. There is the possibility to use small fonts (as opposed to the Windows system fonts), though these fonts are not mentioned in the manual. Besides how to operate and customise World Watch, the user manual also provides some technical information on how the program works, a glossary of terms, and the coordinates and time relative to GMT of the cities included in the package.
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Yonezawa, A. "The Real World Computing Program: MITI's Next Computer Research Initiative." Science 258, no. 5082 (October 23, 1992): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.258.5082.581.
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RANDOLPH, Justus J., and Pasi J. ERONEN. "Program and Evaluation Planning Light: Planning in the Real World." Informatics in Education 6, no. 1 (April 15, 2007): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2007.13.
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Ye, Jiaxi, Bin Zhang, Ruilin Li, Chao Feng, and Chaojing Tang. "Program State Sensitive Parallel Fuzzing for Real World Software." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 42557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2905744.
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Scott, Ralph L. "Wired to the World: Firewalls." North Carolina Libraries 61, no. 3 (January 20, 2009): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/ncl.v61i3.168.
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An antivirus program continuously monitors your computer to detect a virus, which is automatically deleted and/or quarantined. Firewall programs, on the other hand, block access to your computer from the Internet and prevent hackers from planting a worm or other type of malicious software in your computer. Firewalls protect your data, your computer, and your name from corruption. Stories are legion about the Internet being used to seize control of a computer identity to do things such as send out fake e-mails in your name canceling final exams, insulting your boss, and ordering merchandise such as ten pizzas to be delivered to your office. A good firewall will prevent such aremote seizure of your computer.
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Khalil, Wisama, Rezia Maria Molfino, and Valentina Resaz. "EMARO: A European Contribution in Shaping the Future World Roboticists." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 23, no. 5 (October 20, 2011): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2011.p0871.
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In this report we present the European Master in Advanced Robotics (EMARO) Master’s Course. This course has been developed and accepted in the Erasmus Mundus European program framework. This program [1] is a cooperation and mobility program of the European Union in the field of higher education which promotes the European Union as a centre of excellence in learning worldwide. It aims at enhancing the quality in European higher education and at promoting intercultural understanding through cooperation with non European countries. The Erasmus Mundus programprovides a response to the challenges of globalisation faced by European higher education today, in particular the need to adapt education systems to the demands of the knowledge society and to enhance the attractiveness and visibility of European higher education worldwide. The Erasmus Mundus program supports high-quality European Master’s Courses by providing very attractive grants for students having excellent academic results from around the world to engage in graduate study at EMARO institutions. It also provides scholarships to scholars for conduct teaching and research assignments and scholarly work related to masters’ topics at partner institutions.
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Cash, B. "The Last Place in the World - Copyright Protection for Computer Software in New Zealand." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 27, no. 3 (November 3, 1997): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v27i3.6109.
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Computer technology - whether it is hardware, software or the internet - is the headache that just won't go away for anyone grappling with the law of intellectual property. With the Copyright Act 1994, the New Zealand legislature attempted to meet some of the challenges but it largely avoided the issue, passing the headache onto the judiciary should any tricky issues arise. One such issue is copyright protection for computer programs. The Copyright Act 1994 makes it clear that computer programs are protected as a literary work but how far does that protection extend (or how far do we carry the fiction that a computer program is literary work)? This article attempts to second guess what level of protection our courts might provide. It argues that New Zealand has shown a willingness to protect functional items and would protect the "look and feel" of a program, providing a level of protection which courts in the United States have considered undesirable.
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Sun, Xiaobing, Xiangyue Liu, Bin Li, Bixin Li, David Lo, and Lingzhi Liao. "Clustering Classes in Packages for Program Comprehension." Scientific Programming 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3787053.
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During software maintenance and evolution, one of the important tasks faced by developers is to understand a system quickly and accurately. With the increasing size and complexity of an evolving system, program comprehension becomes an increasingly difficult activity. Given a target system for comprehension, developers may first focus on the package comprehension. The packages in the system are of different sizes. For small-sized packages in the system, developers can easily comprehend them. However, for large-sized packages, they are difficult to understand. In this article, we focus on understanding these large-sized packages and propose a novel program comprehension approach for large-sized packages, which utilizes the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model to cluster large-sized packages. Thus, these large-sized packages are separated as small-sized clusters, which are easier for developers to comprehend. Empirical studies on four real-world software projects demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. The results show that the effectiveness of our approach is better than Latent Semantic Indexing- (LSI-) and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis- (PLSA-) based clustering approaches. In addition, we find that the topic that labels each cluster is useful for program comprehension.
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Peifer, R. W. "Integrating Digital Multimedia, Computer-based Instruction, and the World Wide Web into an Introductory Biology Curriculum." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 697b—697. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.697b.
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During the past 6 years, the General Biology Program at the Univ. of Minnesota has been exploring the use of computer-based multimedia to improve the quality of undergraduate instruction in large undergraduate courses. Our project has created an image library of about 3500 computer graphics, animations, and digital video sequences for lecture support, as well as the software to present and manage this image library. During the past 3 years, students have used computers for modeling, simulation, and problem-solving activities in the laboratory of our evolution and ecology undergraduate course. Most recently, we have begun to integrate the World Wide Web into our curriculum in a variety of ways. This presentation demonstrates the comprehensive way in which our Program has combined these “new” information technologies into our introductory courses. The general applicability of this approach to any discipline will be discussed.
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Lin, Zhou. "Perspective of Digital Architecture World." Applied Mechanics and Materials 392 (September 2013): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.392.909.
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Digital technology has played a crucial role in architectural development since being introduced in. Different application of digital design software has taken the place of traditional drawing. The innovated architecture design process has promoted a trend of space complexity. Advanced digital technology also produced a new design method; the computer can generate a unique building plan through the special program directly rather than the imagination of the human brain. Besides, digital technology has a wide range of applications in exploring the future architecture development, as well as virtual reality in the scheme deliberation and demonstration. The digital architecture has broken through the two-dimensional architectural design pattern and the aesthetic consciousness of the industrial era, and pushes the building industry development greatly.
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Mathai, Maria Salina, and Rochelle Mendonca. "Evaluating a computer-training program for individuals with physical disabilities." Journal of Enabling Technologies 11, no. 4 (December 18, 2017): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jet-08-2017-0031.
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Purpose As increasing numbers of people with disabilities return to the community, it is necessary to equip them with skills to succeed in this technological world. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of attendance, satisfaction, goal achievement, and transportation on a goals-based computer-training program for people with physical disabilities (n=130). Design/methodology/approach Regressions, distribution comparisons, and correlations were retrospectively conducted on data from a computer-training program for people with disabilities. Participants were aged 20-100 and were diverse in terms of education, diagnoses, and living situation. Findings Results indicated that people with physical disabilities from diverse demographic and -contextual backgrounds could participate in a goals-based computer-training program. Factors that affected the computer-training program included method of transportation (p=0.034), perception of goal achievement (p=0.000), and attendance rates (p=0.001). A strong correlation was found between support available for computer use and continued computer use (p=0.000). Research limitations/implications Goals-based computer-training approaches that are client-centered may lead to increased perceptions of goal achievement and program satisfaction for people with disabilities, which could be used as outcomes to monitor success of such programs. It is also important to consider the effect of transportation and attendance rates on computer-training programs. However, results of this study were limited by its retrospective nature. Originality/value This study provides empirical data on factors that affect goals-based computer-training programs and evidence for the efficacy of such programs for individuals with disabilities. This can be used for program development and future research.
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Siler, Todd. "The ArtScience Program for Realizing Human Potential." Leonardo 44, no. 5 (October 2011): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00242.
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Established in 1994, the ArtScience Program integrates the arts and sciences, applying their methods of creative inquiry, critical thinking, real-world problem solving and collaboration skills for meeting today's challenges. Using arts-based learning tools and facilitated hands-on workshops, individuals learn to make and explore symbolic models through Metaphorming. This process connects and transforms information in personally meaningful, purposeful and useful ways. The symbolic models serve as a global common language to help improve communication by fostering understanding.
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Nguyen, Andy N. D., Margaret O. Uthman, and Kathy A. Johnson. "A Web-Based Teaching Program for Laboratory Diagnosis of Coagulation Disorders." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-0588-awbtpf.
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Abstract Objective.—To implement an interactive program for teaching coagulation disorders on the World Wide Web. Design and Results.—The core materials in this program were derived from a personal computer software program previously designed by the authors. Three modules were developed in this program: (1) a coagulation profile to display typical results of coagulation screening tests for each disorder; (2) a differential diagnosis module to generate a list of diagnoses that fit the test results in a given case; and (3) a synopsis of coagulopathy and therapy to provide essential information on disorders and therapeutic options. A total of 41 coagulation disorders were included in the knowledge base. Conclusions.—Since the World Wide Web is increasingly more accessible to computer users, it has become an ideal medium for teaching purposes. Our experience with this program in teaching medical students and pathology residents at our institution has been very encouraging.
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Guiguer, N., and T. Franz. "Development and Applications of a Wellhead Protection Area Delineation Computer Program." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 11 (December 1, 1991): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0336.
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In the last few years, groundwater management has concentrated on the protection of groundwater quality. An increasing number of countries has adopted policies to protect vital groundwater resources from deterioration by regulating human interaction with the subsurface, the use of potential contaminants, land use restrictions, and waste transport and storage. One of the more common regulatory approaches to the protection of groundwater focuses on public water supplies to reduce the potential of human exposure to hazardous contaminants. Under the framework of the Safe Drinking Water Act amended by U.S. Congress in 1986, The U.S.EPA (1987) issued guidelines for the delineation of wellhead protection areas, recommending the use of analytical and numerical models for the identification of such areas. In this study, the theoretical background for the development of one such numerical model is presented. Two real-world applications are discussed: in the first case history, the model is applied to a Superfund Site in Puerto Rico as a tool for assessment of the effectiveness of a proposed pump-and-treat scheme for aquifer remediation. Based on simulation results for the evolution of the existing contaminant plume it was verified that such a scheme would not work with the proposed purging wells. The second case history is the delineation of a wellhead protection area in the Town of Littleton, Massachusetts, and subsequent design of a monitoring well network.
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Engel, Samuel S., Jill Crandall, Charles E. Basch, Patricia Zybert, and Judith Wylie-Rosett. "Computer-Assisted Diabetes Nutrition Education Increases Knowledge and Self-Efficacy of Medical Students." Diabetes Educator 23, no. 5 (October 1997): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179702300505.
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Medical students and physicians need to improve their understanding of the role of nutrition and the multidisciplinary team in diabetes care. To assist in this learning, an interactive computer program was cleveloped that focused on prescribing diets for patients with diabetes. Parallel 10-item knowledge tests and an 8-item self-efficacy scale were used to evaluate the efficacy of the computer program among 41 third-year medical students. Mean knowledge scores increased significantly after using the computer program. Posttest knowledge scores for the medical students approached the level achieved by general practice dietitians with no diabetes specialty training. Mean self-efficacy scores increased significantly. The mean time spent on the educational component of the program was under 30 minutes. Computer-assisted diabetes nutrition education proved to be an efficient and effective method for teaching basic nutrition competencies to medical students. This program is available on the World Wide Web (http://medicine.aecom.yu. edu/ diabetes/DEC.htm) and may be a useful means for providing basic diabetes nutrition education to primary healthcare providers from a variety of disciplines as well as for medical students.
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Edwards, B., B. B. Edwards, S. Griffiths, F. F. Reynolds, A. Stanford, and M. Woods. "The Bryn Celli Ddu Minecraft Experience." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 14, no. 2 (June 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3427913.
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This article explores the technical and interpretative issues surrounding the creation of a Minecraft Education Edition world for use by primary age school children (5–11 years). The project team undertook to create a Minecraft version of the prehistoric landscape surrounding the Neolithic passage tomb of Bryn Celli Ddu, Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom. The workflow described here details the process from the initial aims of the project, designed to integrate heritage and STEM education; through the processing of lidar data to create the topography of the world; through the archaeological reconstruction; and then final release. An understanding of the workflow is particularly important for researchers and educators because the successful delivery of our aims resulted in a number of technical obstacles inherent in creating a Minecraft world when a designer is required to navigate several versions of the program—Java architecture, C++ architecture, and the Education Edition—and explains workarounds developed to overcome these issues. The article also considers the interpretative compromises required to translate complex archaeological remains into an accessible and engaging experience for school children set within the strictures of a program that allows a maximum physical resolution of a 1 × 1 m voxel block.
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O. Soloshych, I., and S. I. Pochtovyuk. "Using “Sustainable Development” Computer Program to Determine the Environmental Safety of the Regions." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (September 15, 2018): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19834.
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The article is devoted to the problem of determining the environmental safety of the country or its regions. It has been shown that existing software provides for automatic identification of only individual indicators or constituents of environmental safety. To eliminate these shortcomings, a methodology for assessing the environmental safety of the country or its regions has been substantiated and a model for building "Sustainable Development" software program has been developed. The paper gives the examples of the application of the developed "Sustainable Development" software program, which uses a system of basic indicators, combined in homogeneous groups – economic, social, and environmental. The use of the software for any country in the world is substantiated, provided that the relevant empirical data are entered in order to develop the strategic purposes of the development of the regions and the entire country.
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Hastriana, Umniyatis Sholiha. "Penyelenggaraan Program Unggulan Teknologi Informasi di MAN 1 Malang." Idarah (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kependidikan) 2, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47766/idarah.v2i2.276.
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Mastery of computer technology is the demands of globalization whose distribution has touched all lines including education. the reason for implementing this program is (1) many graduates do not continue their education to the next level; (2) students to get practical skills, and technical skills in the field of computers that are ready to use; (3) the need for a computer certification; and (4) the demands of the industrial world and the business world. The study used a qualitative method of phenomenology approach. The data analysis technique used is observation and interview. The results of the study showed that the mechanism for implementing the program are (1) subjects fulfilled not interfere with other subjects learning material for one year in a diploma program, will be included in three years of learning at Aliyah; (2) the time of the diploma program along with other regular learning at Aliyah is for 2.5 years - having a certificate of expertise -; (3) the implementation of an internship scheduled for a long one-week vacation with placement determined by the Madrasah; (4) special teaching staff for this diploma program from FKK SDI ITS and the rest from MAN Malang 1 teacher who has passed certification from ITS.
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Hamdan, Muhammad, Othman Omran Khalifah, and Teddy Surya Gunawan. "Measuring the Road Traffic Intensity using Neural Network with Computer Vision." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp184-190.
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Traffic congestion plagues all driver around the world. To solve this problem computer vision can be used as a tool to develop alternative routes and eliminate traffic congestions. In the current generation with increasing number of cameras on the streets and lower cost for Internet of Things(IoT) this solution will have a greater impact on current systems. In this paper, the Macroscopic Urban Traffic model is used using computer vision as its source and traffic intensity monitoring system is implemented. The input of this program is extracted from a traffic surveillance camera and another program running a neural network classification which can classify and distinguish the vehicle type is on the road. The neural network toolbox is trained with positive and negative input to increase accuracy. The accuracy of the program is compared to other related works done and the trends of the traffic intensity from a road is also calculated.
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STÄRK, ROBERT F. "CUT-PROPERTY AND NEGATION AS FAILURE." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 05, no. 02 (June 1994): 129–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054194000086.
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What is the semantics of Negation-as-Failure in logic programming? We try to answer this question by proof-theoretic methods. A rule based sequent calculus is used in which a sequent is provable if, and only if, it is true in all three-valued models of the completion of a logic program. The main theorem is that proofs in the sequent calculus can be transformed into SLDNF-computations if, and only if, a program has the cut-property. A fragment of the sequent calculus leads to a sound and complete semantics for SLDNF-resolution with substitutions. It turns out that this version of SLDNF-resolution is sound and complete with respect to three-valued possible world models of the completion for arbitrary logic programs and arbitrary goals. Since we are dealing with possibly nonterminating computations and constructive proofs, three-valued possible world models seem to be an appropriate semantics.
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Reeves, Aaron. "MicroMeasure: A new computer program for the collection and analysis of cytogenetic data." Genome 44, no. 3 (June 1, 2001): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-037.
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The ability to identify individual chromosomes in cytological preparations is an essential component of many investigations. While several computer software applications have been used to facilitate such quantitative karyotype analysis, most of these programs are limited by design for specific types of analyses, or can be used only with specific hardware configurations. MicroMeasure is a new image analysis application that may be used to collect data for a wide variety of chromosomal parameters from electronically captured or scanned images. Unlike similar applications, MicroMeasure may be individually configured by the end user to suit a wide variety of research needs. This program can be used with most common personal computers, and requires no unusual or specific hardware. MicroMeasure is made available to the research community without cost by the Department of Biology at Colorado State University via the World Wide Web at http://www.biology.colostate.edu/MicroMeasure.Key words: MicroMeasure, computer program, chromosome measurement, cytogenetics.
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Wang, Hao, and Ze Yu Han. "Applied Technology in Design and Implementation of Infrared Communication Module." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.302.
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Infrared communication technology is a short-range wireless communications technology widely adopted in the world today range .This paper detailedly introduces the basic principles of infrared protocol. Infrared communications applications of this paper is to achieve system applications of infrared communication between two development boxes with an infrared transceiver modules.The program consists of PC program and lower computer program two parts,also are called infrared communication basic procedures and infrared communication console program.Running PC program on a PC,running lower computer program on the development box.Based on Borch-company's S3C2410-S ARM9, experimental development box implements a infrared communications infrastructure lower computer program based on serial meeting SIR standards.By calling the Qt graphics library,using the programming language C++,it achieves a visual infrared communication console PC program under linux system.
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Bennett, Audrey, and Ron Eglash. "cSELF (Computer Science Education from Life)." International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies 8, no. 4 (October 2013): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwltt.2013100103.
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The phrase “broadening participation” is often used to describe efforts to decrease the race and gender gap in science and engineering education, and in this paper the authors describe an educational program focused on addressing the lower achievement rates and career interests of underrepresented ethnic groups (African American, Native American, and Latino students). However “broadening participation” can also describe the more general problem of a narrow, decontextualized form of education that can alienate all demographics. Broadening the scope of computing education can not only help address disparities in different social groups, but also make technical education more attractive to all individuals, and help us create a generation of science and engineering professionals who can better incorporate an understanding of the world into their technical work. The program the authors report on, Computer Science Education from Life (cSELF) takes a modest step in this direction. Using the concept of “design agency” the authors describe how this merging of abstract formal structures, material creative practice, and cultural knowledge can improve underrepresented student engagement, and foster learning practices in computing that offer broader forms of social expression for all students.
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Grossi, Davide, Wiebe van der Hoek, Christos Moyzes, and Michael Wooldridge. "Program models and semi-public environments." Journal of Logic and Computation 29, no. 7 (January 28, 2016): 1071–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exv086.
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Abstract We develop a logic for reasoning about semi-public environments , i.e. environments in which a process is executing, and where agents in the environment have partial and potentially different views of the process. Previous work on this problem illustrated that it was problematic to obtain both an adequate semantic model and a language for reasoning about semi-public environments. We here use program models for representing the changes that occur during the execution of a program. These models serve both as syntactic objects and as semantic models, and are a modification of action models in Dynamic Epistemic Logic, in the sense that they allow for ontic change (i.e. change in the world or state). We show how program models can elegantly capture a notion of observation of the environment. The use of these models resolves several difficulties identified in earlier work, and admit a much simpler treatment than was possible in previous work on semi-public environments.
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Voevodin, V. V. "Supercomputing technologies in the digital world: theory, practice, education." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873894351-354.
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Supercomputing technologies are used in almost all fields of science today, and determine the competitiveness of science and industry among national entities. USA, Europe, China, and Japan are investing billions in the development of supercomputing technologies, promoting national programs for the development of this field, and these programs will determine the success of future developments. The underestimation of the value of supercomputing technologies has led Russia to fall behind in global trends, and squanders the enormous potential of Russian specialists in computer science. Russia needs a comprehensive supercomputer program, and cannot delay its enactment.
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Lineberger, R. Daniel. "ENHANCING HORTICULTURAL EDUCATION THROUGH WORLD WIDE WEB TECHNOLOGY." HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 743d—743. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.743d.
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The World Wide Web and other emerging information technologies are bringing about a quiet revolution in higher education. Networked computers deliver high-quality educational enhancements to students at little per unit cost to the teacher. Slide presentations, course handouts, on-line color photographs, and interactive modules are accessible from the computer desktop via high-speed Ethernet or modem connections. Aggie Horticulture, the Web server of the Texas Horticulture Program, will be used as a model to demonstrate the impact of Web technology on delivery of enhancements to “traditional” lecture-format courses and its potential for delivery of “nontraditional” courses to large audiences independent of space and time constraints.
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Liu, Xiao, Tianyi Wei, and Anfeng Liu. "Fast Program Codes Dissemination for Smart Wireless Software Defined Networks." Scientific Programming 2016 (2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6907231.
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In smart wireless software defined networks (WSDNs), sensor nodes are deployed in the monitored area to sense data. In order to increase the flexibility of WSDNs configuration, sensor nodes use programmable technology. Thus, programming and software engineering that integrate Internet of Things (IoT) lead to a smart world. Due to the large capacity of program codes and the limited energy of wireless network, only a subset of nodes is selected to spread program codes, and the remaining nodes are in sleep status to save energy. In this paper, a fast program codes dissemination (FPCD) scheme for smart wireless software defined networking is proposed; many nodes in the area far from the sink will be selected to spread program codes; those areas have much energy left, while the area near the sink chooses less number of active nodes to spread program codes to save energy. Thus, FPCD scheme can reduce delay for spreading program codes while retaining network lifetime. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that our approach can reduce transmission delay by 10.76%–105.791% while retaining network lifetime compares with previous broadcast schemes.
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Ochkov, V. F., and M. Nori. "JOURNEY INTO THE WORLD OF SCIENCE AND ART ON A PLANTIGRADE MACHINE." Informatics in school 1, no. 8 (November 16, 2018): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32517/2221-1993-2018-17-8-53-61.
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The article shows how the computer mathematical program Mathcad allows to solve mechanics problems, in particular, kinematics problems by a new method. The procedure for optimizing the parameters of the Tchebyshev plantigrade machine is described — the calculation of the lengths of its parts, so that the machine will move without vertical pushes. A technique of hybrid solution of mathematical problems on a computer is discussed, where analytical (symbolic) and numerical methods are used alternately or in parallel. A new trend in visual arts is presented, associated with the representation of the trajectory of the motion of kinematic devices.
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Albrecht, Stefano V., J. Christopher Beck, David L. Buckeridge, Adi Botea, Cornelia Caragea, Chi-hung Chi, Theodoros Damoulas, et al. "Reports on the 2015 AAAI Workshop Program." AI Magazine 36, no. 2 (June 21, 2015): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v36i2.2590.
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AAAI's 2015 Workshop Program was held Sunday and Monday, January 25–26, 2015 at the Hyatt Regency Austin Hotel in Austion, Texas, USA. The AAAI-15 workshop program included 15 workshops covering a wide range of topics in artificial intelligence. Most workshops were held on a single day. The titles of the workshops included AI and Ethics, AI for Cities, AI for Transportation: Advice, Interactivity and Actor Modeling, Algorithm Configuration, Artificial Intelligence Applied to Assistive Technologies and Smart Environments, Beyond the Turing Test, Computational Sustainability, Computer Poker and Imperfect Information, Incentive and Trust in E-Communities, Multiagent Interaction without Prior Coordination, Planning, Search, and Optimization, Scholarly Big Data: AI Perspectives, Challenges, and Ideas, Trajectory-Based Behaviour Analytics, World Wide Web and Public Health Intelligence, Knowledge, Skill, and Behavior Transfer in Autonomous Robots, and Learning for General Competency in Video Games.
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Kusuma, Lalu Tri Wijaya Nata, and Fu-Shiang Tseng. "IOT Framework to Support Maritime Highway Program." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 22, no. 3 (July 2020): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2020070103.
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As one of the largest archipelagic countries in the world, Indonesia has been running the maritime highway system in recent years. This study focuses on how to improve the role of IOT platform in the maritime highway system. Furthermore, in this study, the authors are designing a new IOT system framework to support the operation of the maritime highway program in the seaport logistics system in archipelago countries, especially Indonesia. Each part of the port management stakeholders like port authority, commodity products company, shipping companies, and the government with their different policies (unique) in each island region has created its own IT system and links it to every website in its organization partially and not yet fully integrated. This research provides newly integrated frameworks with the IOT approach, and also a few recommendations related to practical and theoretical contributions that can be further developed in the seaports sector.
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Котов, Сергей Владимирович, and Александр Леонидович Блохин. "USE OF THE COMPUTER PROGRAM AND THE DATABASE IN THE RESEARCH OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT." Pedagogical Review, no. 6(34) (December 14, 2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2020-6-152-159.
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Показаны проблемы образования и оценивания учащихся в период пандемии. Выявлены основные задачи высшего образования с переходом на дистанционное обучение. Рассмотрены мировые подходы в изучении и оценивании развития человеческого капитала. Проанализированы степени эффективности и виды человеческого капитала. Даны определения, устанавливающие концепцию развития человеческого капитала в мире. Раскрыты основные критерии, входящие в человеческий капитал. Последние необходимы для комплексной оценки развития человеческого капитала обучающихся. Описана оригинальная методика применения программы для ЭВМ и базы данных (результаты интеллектуальной деятельности) для определения развития человеческого капитала студента. Апробация проходила среди студентов 1–4-х курсов на базе Академии психологии и педагогики Южного федерального университета. Используя данные результатов, выданные программой для ЭВМ, исследована индивидуальная траектория развития человеческого капитала студентов с сохранением результатов в базе данных. В дальнейшем это будет способствовать благоприятному развитию человеческого капитала в стране в целом, а именно развитию инноваций, увеличению производительности труда, овладению необходимыми производственными или управленческими навыками. The article deals with the problems of education and assessment of students during the pandemic. The main tasks of higher education with the transition to distance learning are identified. The world approaches and methods of studying and evaluating the development of individual human capital are studied. The degree of efficiency and types of human capital are analyzed. Definitions that establish the basic concept of human capital development in the world are considered. The article describes an original method of using a computer program and database to determine the development of individual human capital of a student using screenshots, which increases the visibility of the experiment among students of 1–4 years of study. The main criteria included in the human capital required for a comprehensive assessment of the development of students’ human capital are disclosed. The testing was held among students at the Academy of psychology and pedagogy of the southern Federal University. According to the research, conclusions are made: using the results data issued by the computer program, the individual trajectory of students ‘ human capital development is studied, with the results saved in the database. In the future, this will contribute to the favorable development of human capital in the country as a whole, namely, the development of innovations, increasing labor productivity, and mastering the necessary production or management skills.
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Sánchez-Carracedo, Fermín, and David López. "A Service-Learning Based Computers Reuse Program." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 7785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147785.
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Higher Education Institutions are facing a challenging situation: how to introduce concepts such as Sustainability or the Circular Economy into their curricula. This study presents how to organize a Computer Reuse Program, an educational proposal for the Reuse, Repair, Refurbishment, Remanufacture and Recycling of computers into a Curriculum and a case study. The proposal is based in the Service-Learning methodology, by which students develop technical and professional skills while undertaking a project that has a direct and real impact on society. Students work on old or broken computers provided by donors, thereby acquiring technical skills. These now flawlessly functioning computers are donated to NGOs and other non-profit organizations, thus endowing the equipment with a much longer life as well as reducing e-waste, one of the fastest-growing waste streams in the world. As a case study, this paper presents the UPC Computer Reuse Program, carried out at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya UPC-BarcelonaTech. Since the program started in 2004, some 2500 computers have been donated to 359 different organizations in 29 countries, and more than 5200 students have participated. The paper analyzes the impact of the program on society, on the reduction of e-waste, on the environment and on student awareness regarding social justice and sustainability.
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Wohlwend, Karen E., Sarah Vander Zanden, Nicholas E. Husbye, and Candace R. Kuby. "Navigating discourses in place in the world of Webkinz." Journal of Early Childhood Literacy 11, no. 2 (June 2011): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468798411401862.
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Geosemiotics (Scollon and Scollon, 2003) frames this analysis of play, multimodal collaboration, and peer mediation as players navigate barriers to online connectivity in a children’s social network and gaming site. A geosemiotic perspective enables examination of children’s web play as discourses in place: fluidly converging and diverging interactions among four factors: (1) social actors, (2) interaction order, (3) visual semiotics, and (4) place semiotics. The video data are excerpted from an ethnographic study of a computer club for primary school-aged children in an afterschool program serving working-class and middle-class families in a US Midwest university community. Discourses of schooling in the computer room and Webkinz complicated children’s goal of coordinated game play and mutual participation in online games. Barriers to online connection produced ruptures that foregrounded childrens’ collaborative management of time and space. This foregrounding makes typically backgrounded practices, modes, and discourses visible and available for deconstruction and critique.
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Desnanjaya, I. Gusti Made Ngurah, and Ida Bagus Ary Indra Iswara. "Trainer Atmega32 Sebagai Media Pelatihan Mikrokontroler Dan Arduino." Jurnal RESISTOR (Rekayasa Sistem Komputer) 1, no. 1 (April 21, 2018): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31598/jurnalresistor.v1i1.266.
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The microcontroller is one of the necessary parts of a computer system. In a simple microcontroller will produce a specific output based on the input received and the program given. The microcontroller as semiconductor technology its presence greatly assist the development of electronics world. With a functional architecture but contains a lot of transistor content is integrated, thus supporting the creation of a more portable electronic circuit. One effort made to graduate Computer Systems courses can compete in the world of work is to provide more practice. Therefore it takes the media trainer microcontroller training to facilitate practical activities. Through this research, hope can realize a media trainer microcontroller training that can do the instructions given. That is, the most critical part of a computerized system is the program itself created by a programmer.
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Rowe, Robert. "Representations, Affordances, and Interactive Systems." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5050023.
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The history of algorithmic composition using a digital computer has undergone many representations—data structures that encode some aspects of the outside world, or processes and entities within the program itself. Parallel histories in cognitive science and artificial intelligence have (of necessity) confronted their own notions of representations, including the ecological perception view of J.J. Gibson, who claims that mental representations are redundant to the affordances apparent in the world, its objects, and their relations. This review tracks these parallel histories and how the orientations and designs of multimodal interactive systems give rise to their own affordances: the representations and models used expose parameters and controls to a creator that determine how a system can be used and, thus, what it can mean.
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Hyatt, Robert. "The history of Blitz/Cray-Blitz/Crafty." ICGA Journal 42, no. 2-3 (November 10, 2020): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/icg-200167.
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This article is a series of anecdotes about the development of several programs that advanced the state of the art in computer chess. The best known is Cray Blitz, which won the 1983 and 1986 World Computer Chess Championships. However, in terms of overall impact, perhaps Crafty is the most important. As a high-performing open-source program, it has been used by countless number of researchers and hobbyists to develop computer chess programs for competitions, research, and for fun.
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Kelley, Sean, Edward Aftandilian, Connor Gramazio, Nathan Ricci, Sara L. Su, and Samuel Z. Guyer. "Heapviz: Interactive heap visualization for program understanding and debugging." Information Visualization 12, no. 2 (May 7, 2012): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871612438786.
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Understanding the data structures in a program is crucial to understanding how the program works, or why it does not work. Inspecting the code that implements the data structures, however, is an arduous task and often fails to yield insights into the global organization of a program’s data. Inspecting the actual contents of the heap solves these problems but presents a significant challenge of its own: finding an effective way to present the enormous number of objects it contains. In this paper we present Heapviz, a tool for visualizing and exploring snapshots of the heap obtained from a running Java program. Unlike existing tools, such as traditional debuggers, Heapviz presents a global view of the program state as a graph, together with powerful interactive capabilities for navigating it. Our tool employs several key techniques that help manage the scale of the data. First, we reduce the size and complexity of the graph by using algorithms inspired by static shape analysis to aggregate the nodes that make up a data structure. Second, we implement a powerful visualization component whose interactive interface provides extensive support for exploring the graph. The user can search for objects based on type, connectivity, and field values; group objects; and color or hide and show each group. The user may also inspect individual objects to see their field values and neighbors in the graph. These interactive abilities help the user manage the complexity of these huge graphs. By applying Heapviz to both constructed and real-world examples, we show that it provides programmers with a powerful and intuitive tool for exploring program behavior.
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Kvíz, Z. "Phase-night diagram for periodic variable stars." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 118 (1986): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900151587.
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A program has been developed for the Hewlett-Packard Computer 9845 to represent in a graphical form the period of observability, for individual nights, of periodic phenomena of stars with respect to the phase. One version of the program (Fig. 1) gives the observability with respect to the phase for the whole year. The other version (Fig. 2) gives the beginning and end of the suitable observing interval for several observatories around the world thus facilitating preparation of a program for 24-hour continuous observation.
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Brock, John F. "Applying ISD to a Social Problem: Systematic Development of a Driver Training Computer-Based Program." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 20 (October 1998): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804202006.
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Traditionally, Instructional Systems Development (ISD) has been applied on large, primarily military training systems. Many skill-based training programs in the civilian world have followed the more traditional textbook, lecture, written-test model of the public educational system. In the meantime, after 70 years of public and private higher education over 6,000 young persons a year are killed in traffic crashes. It is well established that exposure to driver education does not correlate with either fewer crashes, or fewer traffic violations. This symposium reports on a three-year program that applied ISD techniques to the development of CD-ROM program for young drivers. The first paper, by Dr. David Willis of the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, reports on the early needs analysis which identified a new approach to driving instruction as a potential intervention for young drivers. The second paper, by Larry Lonero of Northport Associates, describes the curriculum development effort which identified, among many, a set of specific learning objectives which were used to design the CD-ROM program described and demonstrated in the third paper, presented by Dr. Deborah Blank of Electronic Learning Facilitators, Inc. Finally, the fourth paper, by Dr. Donald Fisher of the University of Massachusetts, reports on the test and evaluation of the CD-ROM program using an advanced driving simulator.
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Gedikli, Abdullah, Hafzullah Aksoy, and N. Erdem Unal. "AUG-Segmenter: a user-friendly tool for segmentation of long time series." Journal of Hydroinformatics 12, no. 3 (January 12, 2010): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2009.084.
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In this study, three algorithms are presented for time series segmentation. The first algorithm is based on the branch-and-bound approach, the second on the dynamic programming while the third is a modified version of the latter into which the remaining cost concept of the former is introduced. A user-friendly computer program called AUG-Segmenter is developed. Segmentation-by-constant and segmentation-by-linear-regression can be performed by the program. The program is tested on real-world time series of thousands of terms and found useful in performing segmentation satisfactorily and fast.
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Lightfoot, Geoff, and Simon Lilley. "Writing Utopia." Sociological Review 50, no. 1_suppl (May 2002): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2002.tb03583.x.
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Did you know that the first Matrix was designed to be a perfect human world? Where none suffered, where everyone would be happy. It was a disaster. No one would accept the program. Entire crops were lost. Some believed we lacked the programming language to describe your perfect world. But I believe that, as a species, human beings define their reality through suffering and misery. The perfect world was a dream that your primitive cerebrum kept trying to wake up from. (AGENT SMITH, computer simulacrum: Wachowski & Wachowski, 1999)1
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Proffen, Th, R. B. Neder, and S. J. L. Billinge. "Teaching diffraction using computer simulations over the Internet." Journal of Applied Crystallography 34, no. 6 (November 17, 2001): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889801013656.
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Computer simulations are a versatile tool to enhance the teaching of diffraction physics and related crystallographic topics to students of chemistry, materials science, physics and crystallography. Interactive computer simulations are presented, which have been added to a World Wide Web (WWW) based tutorial. A simple WWW interface is used to choose appropriate values for selected simulation parameters. The resulting structure and diffraction pattern are then plotted on the screen. Simulated structures range from a single atom to complex disordered or modulated structures. The simple interface requires no special computing knowledge and allows students to explore systematically the relationship between a real-space structure and the corresponding diffraction pattern. The large function set of the underlying simulation program (DISCUS) makes it easy to tailor the tutorial to a given syllabus by modifying or extending the current interactive examples.
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Collins, Nick. "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Formula: Algorithmic Composition for Musical Theater." Computer Music Journal 40, no. 3 (September 2016): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj_a_00373.
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Algorithmic composition methods must prove themselves within real-world musical contexts to more firmly solidify their adoption in musical practice. The present project is an automatic composing program trained on a corpus of songs from musical theater to create novel material, directly generating a scored lead sheet of vocal melody and chords. The program can also produce output based upon phonetic analysis of user-provided lyrics. The chance to undertake the research arose from a television documentary funded by Sky Arts that considered the question of whether current-generation, computationally creative methods could devise a new work of musical theater (the research described here provides but one strand within that project). Allied with the documentary, the resultant musical had a two-week West End run in London and was itself broadcast in full. Evaluation of the project included both design feedback from a musical theater composer team, and critical feedback from audiences and media coverage. The research challenges of the real-world context are discussed, with respect to the compromises necessary to get such a project to the stage.
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Rahman, Md Mostafizer, Yutaka Watanobe, and Keita Nakamura. "A Neural Network Based Intelligent Support Model for Program Code Completion." Scientific Programming 2020 (July 14, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7426461.
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In recent years, millions of source codes are generated in different languages on a daily basis all over the world. A deep neural network-based intelligent support model for source code completion would be a great advantage in software engineering and programming education fields. Vast numbers of syntax, logical, and other critical errors that cannot be detected by normal compilers continue to exist in source codes, and the development of an intelligent evaluation methodology that does not rely on manual compilation has become essential. Even experienced programmers often find it necessary to analyze an entire program in order to find a single error and are thus being forced to waste valuable time debugging their source codes. With this point in mind, we proposed an intelligent model that is based on long short-term memory (LSTM) and combined it with an attention mechanism for source code completion. Thus, the proposed model can detect source code errors with locations and then predict the correct words. In addition, the proposed model can classify the source codes as to whether they are erroneous or not. We trained our proposed model using the source code and then evaluated the performance. All of the data used in our experiments were extracted from Aizu Online Judge (AOJ) system. The experimental results obtained show that the accuracy in terms of error detection and prediction of our proposed model approximately is 62% and source code classification accuracy is approximately 96% which outperformed a standard LSTM and other state-of-the-art models. Moreover, in comparison to state-of-the-art models, our proposed model achieved an interesting level of success in terms of error detection, prediction, and classification when applied to long source code sequences. Overall, these experimental results indicate the usefulness of our proposed model in software engineering and programming education arena.
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Betelin, V. B., A. G. Kushnirenko, A. G. Leonov, and K. A. Mashchenko. "Basic Programming Concepts as Explained for Preschoolers." International Journal of Education and Information Technologies 15 (September 9, 2021): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9109.2021.15.25.
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The development of information technologies has formed a socio-economic request to reduce the age at which children can be introduced to programming. After 6 years’ efforts, the authors managed to develop and on a large scale introduce a one-year programming course for preschoolers, which is built on a metaphor of programmed control. During the course development, a set of basic programming concepts was selected and specified to be mastered by preschoolers aged 6+ in the activity-game form. This set of concepts goes back to Seymour Papert's ideas about teaching programming by writing programs that control moving objects using intuitive sets of commands. The main feature of the proposed system of concepts, allow at the initial stage of training to demonstrate and assimilate all the elements of the concept in the real, not in the virtual world. In the picture of the World, which we explain and demonstrate to children, only one function remains at the computer - the execution of the program it has memorized. Everything else happens in the real world. In the real world, an environment is created in which a real robot will move. In the real world, a program is created from tangible objects, which will then be "shown" to the computer so that it stores it in its memory and can then execute it at the command of a human. In the real world, obeying the signals of the computer, the robot performs the work stipulated by the program. This allows you to begin acquaintance with the programming of children from 4 years old, without working individually or collectively with electronic screens, which in today's Russia is prohibited by federal medical authorities in the educational process of children under 5 years old. The course is built on the text-free pictographic programming system PiktoMir developed by Russian Academy of Sciences. The methodological content of the course allows each preschooler to gain experience in the development and debugging of 120-150 simple programs by the end of the course. The final part of the article discusses the authors' plans for the development of a three-year textless programming course, methodologically and instrumentally connected with the primary school programming course.
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Görg, Nora, Kathlen Priebe, Tilman Deuschel, Martin Schüller, Friederike Schriner, Nikolaus Kleindienst, Petra Ludäscher, Christian Schmahl, and Martin Bohus. "Computer-Assisted In Sensu Exposure for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Development and Evaluation." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 2 (June 8, 2016): e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5697.
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Background Dissociative states during psychotherapy sessions reduce the benefit of exposure-based therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, in evidence-based therapeutic programs such as dialectical behavior therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD), therapists apply specific antidissociative skills to reduce dissociative features during in sensu exposure. Objective This study sought to examine the acceptance and feasibility of the MORPHEUS program. Methods Patients who underwent 12 weeks of residential DBT-PTSD treatment used MORPHEUS during exposure exercises in self-management. After the treatment, they filled out evaluation questionnaires. Results In sum, 26 patients receiving a 12-week standard DBT-PTSD program participated in this study; 2 participants could not be analyzed because of missing data. All the patients used MORPHEUS as often as it was required according to the DBT-PTSD treatment (2 to 5 times a week). The overall acceptance and feasibility as rated by the patients was high: for example, patients found the skills useful to block dissociation (mean 4.24 on a scale from 0 to 5, SD 0.24) and stated that they would use the program again (mean 4.72 on a scale from 0 to 5, SD 0.11). Furthermore, patients indicated that they would recommend MORPHEUS to a friend (mean 4.44 on a scale from 0 to 5, SD 0.12). In 82% (32/39) of the cases, the use of antidissociative skills was related to a decrease in dissociation. In 18% (5/39), dissociation remained unchanged or increased. Conclusions The evaluative data suggest high acceptability and feasibility of MORPHEUS. Further studies should evaluate the effectiveness of the skills applied during the program. Trial Registration World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform: DRKS00006226; http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID= DRKS00006226 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/ 6hxuFbIUr)
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Ulla, HASBULLAH. "EVALUASI KURIKULUM PROGRAM KEAHLIAN TEKNIK KOMPUTER DAN JARINGAN SMKN 2 WATAMPONE DI KABUPATEN BONE SULAWESI SELATAN Hasbullah." Adaara: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 761–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35673/ajmpi.v8i1.417.
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Abstract. This research is motivated by the fact that graduates of SMK are considered not flexible in adjusting to changes in the workplace, only having a single or specific skill that is quickly obsolete. In addition, there is a gap between schools and industry in terms of curriculum that makes students rigid when involved in the world of work and the industrial world. The general problem formulation in this research is how is the quality of the implementation of the computer and network engineering expertise program at SMKN Bone Regency of South Sulawesi? Specifically, (1) What is the quality of the implementation of the process aspects of the computer and network engineering expertise program? (2) What is the quality of the product aspects of the computer and network engineering expertise program? The purpose of this research is to find out the quality of the implementation of computer and network engineering expertise programs in the Bone Regency of South Sulawesi. The method in this study uses descriptive evaluative with quantitative research approaches. The population is the SMKN majoring in computer and network engineering in the Bone District of South Sulawesi consisting of principals, teachers and students. There were 52 students taken using stratification random sampling technique. The instruments used were questionnaire, interview, documentation study. This research uses descriptive data analysis. The results showed that in general the quality of program implementation was going well. This can be seen from the two aspects that were specifically examined namely the aspects of the process obtained from the questionnaire relating to the perceptions of students and teachers have been going well because it is in accordance with curriculum documents. In the aspect of product / results obtained from the study of documents relating to student learning outcomes data both theory and practice have been going well because it is in accordance with the planned objectives.K
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Frazelle, Jessie. "A New Era for Mechanical CAD." Queue 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3466132.3469844.
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The hardware industry is desperate for a modern way to do mechanical design. A new CAD program created for the modern world would lower the barrier to building hardware, decrease the time of development, and usher in a new era of building. The tools used to build with today are supported on the shoulders of giants, but a lot could be done to make them even better. At some point, mechanical CAD lost some of its roots of innovation. Let's dive into a few of the problems with the CAD programs that exist today and see how to make them better.
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Chen, Yibing, Cheng-Few Lee, John Lee, and Jow-Ran Chang. "Alternative Methods to Estimate Implied Variance: Review and Comparison." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 21, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021909151850025x.
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In this paper, we first review several alternative methods to estimate implied variance. Then we show how the MATLAB computer program can be used to estimate implied variance based upon the Black–Scholes model. In addition, we also discuss how the approximation method derived by Ang et al. (2013) can be used to estimate implied variance. Real-world data from US individual stock options are used to compare the estimation results using three typical alternative methods: regression method proposed by Lai et al., MATLAB computer program approach and approximation method derived by Ang et al. Also, this paper presents the empirical results of China ETF 50 options which were new in the financial markets.