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Journal articles on the topic 'TAS1R2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Haznedaroğlu, Eda, Meliha Koldemir-Gündüz, Nur Bakır-Coşkun, et al. "Association of Sweet Taste Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Dental Caries Experience in School Children." Caries Research 49, no. 3 (2015): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381426.

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Sweet taste is a powerful factor influencing food acceptance. The peripheral taste response to sugar is mediated by the TAS1R2/TAS1R3 taste receptors. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between TAS1R2 (rs35874116 or rs9701796) and/or TAS1R3 (rs307355) single nucleotide polymorphisms with dental caries experience in schoolchildren. A total of 184 schoolchildren aged between 7 and 12 years (101 girls, 83 boys) were included in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples and the genotypes were identified by qPCR. The genotype frequencies were as follows: 6.6% for

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2

Kim, Soo-Kyung, Yalu Chen, Ravinder Abrol, William A. Goddard, and Brian Guthrie. "Activation mechanism of the G protein-coupled sweet receptor heterodimer with sweeteners and allosteric agonists." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 10 (2017): 2568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700001114.

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The sweet taste in humans is mediated by the TAS1R2/TAS1R3 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which belongs to the class C family that also includes the metabotropic glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors. We report here the predicted 3D structure of the full-length TAS1R2/TAS1R3 heterodimer, including the Venus Flytrap Domains (VFDs) [in the closed–open (co) active conformation], the cysteine-rich domains (CRDs), and the transmembrane domains (TMDs) at the TM56/TM56 interface. We observe that binding of agonists to VFD2 of TAS1R2 leads to major conformational changes to form a TM6/TM6 in

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Mineev, V. N., P. V. Brukhanova, and D. E. Koksharova. "EXTRAORAL SWEET TASTE RECEPTORS IN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM." Medical academic journal 18, no. 1 (2018): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj18127-33.

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The possible pathogenetic role of extraoral sweet taste receptors Tas1R in respiratory system is considered. In many respects, the function of extraoral receptors for sweet taste still remains unclear. The mechanism of intracellular signal transduction at sweet taste reception is considered, as well as the molecular mechanism of interaction of Tas2R and Tas1R receptors, expressed on the same cell. Tas1R receptors in respiratory system can function as a “rheostat” to control the amount of secretion of antimicrobial peptides that is mediated by extraoral bitter taste receptors Tas2R, depending o

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4

Feng, Ping, and Shichu Liang. "Molecular evolution of umami/sweet taste receptor genes in reptiles." PeerJ 6 (August 24, 2018): e5570. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5570.

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Sensory systems play an important role in animal survival. Changes to these systems may be critical in evolution of species in new environments. Previous studies exploring the correlation between feeding ecology and Tas1r evolution mainly focused on mammals and birds, and found that the relationship was complex. However, in reptiles, the correlation between Tas1r evolution and dietary preferences is still unclear. Here, we attempted to explore this relationship in representative species of the major groups of reptiles (turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodilians), for which the genome information i

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Marín-Soto, María Delfina, Angel Miliar-García, Modesto Gómez-López, Ilicia González-Mundo, and Víctor Ricardo Aguilera-Sosa. "Asociación entre el “food craving” y los genes del gusto en personas con obesidad." Investigación Clínica 62, no. 2 (2021): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22209/ic.v62n2a03.

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El “food craving” (FC) es un deseo incontrolable por ingerir alimentos en específico, se activa durante la fase de abstinencia de alimentos azucarados, salados y grasos. Se ha encontrado que se relaciona con obesi-dad (OB) y con trastornos del comportamiento de la alimentación, además de ser un factor negativo para la adherencia al tratamiento de la OB. Los Food Cravings Questionnaires Trait (T-rasgo) y State (S-estado) son instrumentos validados, que miden rasgo-estado, son confiables, y con consistencia interna alta (ɑ>0,90). El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar diferencias entr

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6

Han, Pengfei, Russell S. J. Keast, and Eugeni Roura. "Salivary leptin and TAS1R2/TAS1R3 polymorphisms are related to sweet taste sensitivity and carbohydrate intake from a buffet meal in healthy young adults." British Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 10 (2017): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517002872.

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AbstractThe influence of sweet taste sensitivity on food intake is not well understood. We investigated the involvement of salivary leptin and SNP of the sweet taste receptor genes (TAS1R2/TAS1R3) on sweet taste sensitivity, sensory-specific satiety (SSS) and macronutrient intake in healthy human adults. In all, nineteen high sweet sensitivity (HS) and eleven low sweet sensitivity (LS) subjects were classified based on the sweetness perception of one solution (9 mm sucrose) forced-choice triangle test. All participants completed a randomised crossover design experiment where they consumed one

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7

Eriksson, Linda, Anders Esberg, Simon Haworth, Pernilla Lif Holgerson, and Ingegerd Johansson. "Allelic Variation in Taste Genes Is Associated with Taste and Diet Preferences and Dental Caries." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (2019): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071491.

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Taste and diet preferences are complex and influenced by both environmental and host traits while affecting both food selection and associated health outcomes. The present study genotyped 94 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in previously reported taste and food intake related genes and assessed associations with taste threshold (TT) and preferred intensity (PT) of sweet, sour and bitter, food preferences, habitual diet intake, and caries status in healthy young Swedish men and women (n = 127). Polymorphisms in the GNAT3, SLC2A4, TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 genes were associated with variation in T

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8

Jiao, Hengwu, Huan-Wang Xie, Libiao Zhang, Nima Zhuoma, Peihua Jiang, and Huabin Zhao. "Loss of sweet taste despite the conservation of sweet receptor genes in insectivorous bats." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 4 (2021): e2021516118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021516118.

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The evolution of taste perception is usually associated with the ecology and dietary changes of organisms. However, the association between feeding ecology and taste receptor evolution is unclear in some lineages of vertebrate animals. One example is the sweet taste receptor gene Tas1r2. Previous analysis of partial sequences has revealed that Tas1r2 has undergone equally strong purifying selection between insectivorous and frugivorous bats. To test whether the sweet taste function is also important in bats with contrasting diets, we examined the complete coding sequences of both sweet taste r

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9

O’Brien, Patrick, Rhys Hewett, and Christopher Corpe. "Sugar sensor genes in the murine gastrointestinal tract display a cephalocaudal axis of expression and a diurnal rhythm." Physiological Genomics 50, no. 6 (2018): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00139.2017.

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Distributed along the length of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are nutrient sensing cells that release numerous signaling peptides influencing GI function, nutrient homeostasis and energy balance. Recent studies have shown a diurnal rhythm in GI nutrient sensing, but the mechanisms responsible for rhythmicity are poorly understood. In this report we studied murine GI sugar sensor gene and protein expression levels in the morning (7 AM) and evening (7 PM). Sweet taste receptor ( tas1r2/tas1r3/gnat3/gnat1) sugar transporter ( slc5a1, slc2a2, slc2a5) and putative sugar sensor ( slc5a4a and slc5a

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Nachtigal, Danielle, and Barry G. Green. "Sweet Thermal Taste: Perceptual Characteristics in Water and Dependence on TAS1R2/TAS1R3." Chemical Senses 45, no. 3 (2020): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa009.

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Abstract The initial objective of this study was to determine if activation of the sweet taste receptor TAS1R2/TAS1R3 is necessary for perception of sweet thermal taste (swTT). Our approach was to inhibit the receptor with the inverse agonist lactisole using a temperature-controlled flow gustometer. Because all prior studies of thermal taste (TT) used metal thermodes to heat the tongue tip, we first investigated whether it could be generated in heated water. Experiment 1 showed that sweetness could be evoked when deionized water was heated from 20 to 35 °C, and testing with static temperatures

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Comesaña, Sara, Marta Conde-Sieira, Cristina Velasco, José L. Soengas, and Sofia Morais. "Oral and pre-absorptive sensing of amino acids relates to hypothalamic control of food intake in rainbow trout." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 17 (2020): jeb221721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.221721.

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ABSTRACTTo assess the putative role of taste and pre-absorptive sensing of amino acids in food intake control in fish, we carried out an oral administration with l-leucine, l-valine, l-proline or l-glutamic acid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Treatment with proline significantly reduced voluntary food intake at 2 h and 3 h after oral administration, while glutamic acid showed a less pronounced satiating effect at 3 h. The mRNA expression of taste receptor subunits tas1r1, tas1r2a, tas1r2b and tas1r3 was measured in the epithelium overlying the bony basihyal of the fish (analogous to t

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12

Izakovicova Holla, Lydie, Petra Borilova Linhartova, Svetlana Lucanova, et al. "GLUT2 and TAS1R2 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Dental Caries." Caries Research 49, no. 4 (2015): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000430958.

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Objective: Dental caries is one of the most frequent multifactorial diseases. Among the numerous factors influencing the risk of caries, genetics plays a substantial role, with heritability ranging from 40 to 60%. Gene variants affecting taste preference and glucose transport were recently associated with caries risk. The aim of this study was to analyze two common polymorphisms in the sweet taste receptor (TAS1R2) and glucose transporter (GLUT2) genes in children with dental caries and healthy controls in the Czech population. Methods: A total of 637 unrelated Caucasian children, aged 11-13 y

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13

Bassoli, A., G. Borgonovo, F. Caremoli, and G. Mancuso. "The taste of D- and L-amino acids: In vitro binding assays with cloned human bitter (TAS2Rs) and sweet (TAS1R2/TAS1R3) receptors." Food Chemistry 150 (May 2014): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.106.

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14

Keryakos, Joseph, Annika van Oosbree, and Alyssa Kiesow. "The Association of TAS1R2 to Dental and Cardiovascular Health." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 16, no. 2 (2019): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2019.022.

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Despite brushing and/or flossing their teeth twice daily, many people are still susceptible to dental cavities and tooth decay. This research investigates the genetic and cardiovascular health behind this phenomenon. Two gene variants related to taste pathways, taste 1 receptor member 2 (TAS1R2) and taste 2 receptor member 38 (TAS2R38), were tested on the DNA of 20 students at Northern State University (10 males and 10 females). In concert with genetic screening, tooth impressions were taken of the participants’ upper and lower jaws along with salivary pH, heart rates, and blood pressures. Par

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15

Bertran, Laia, Marta Portillo-Carrasquer, Salomé Martínez, et al. "Expression of Jejunal Taste Receptors in Women with Morbid Obesity." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (2021): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072437.

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Nutrient sensing plays important roles in promoting satiety and maintaining good homeostatic control. Taste receptors (TAS) are located through the gastrointestinal tract, and recent studies have shown they have a relationship with metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze the jejunal expression of TAS1R2, TAS1R3, TAS2R14 and TAS2R38 in women with morbid obesity, first classified according to metabolic syndrome presence (MetS; n = 24) or absence (non-MetS; n = 45) and then classified according to hepatic histology as normal liver (n = 28) or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (n

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16

Lee, Hye-Jin, Jae-Woong Bae, Tae-Jun Kwon, Bo-Rum SaGong, and Un-Kyung Kim. "Genetic Polymorph isms and Haplotype Analysis of Sweet Taste Receptor TAS1R2 Gene in the Korean Population." Journal of Life Science 20, no. 3 (2010): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2010.20.3.462.

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Melo, Silvia V., Grasiela Agnes, Márcia R. Vitolo, Vanessa S. Mattevi, Paula D. B. Campagnolo, and Silvana Almeida. "Evaluation of the association between the TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 variants and food intake and nutritional status in children." Genetics and Molecular Biology 40, no. 2 (2017): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0205.

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Pulkkinen, Ville, Martijn L. Manson, Jesper Säfholm, Mikael Adner, and Sven-Erik Dahlén. "The bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) agonists denatonium and chloroquine display distinct patterns of relaxation of the guinea pig trachea." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 303, no. 11 (2012): L956—L966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00205.2012.

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Activation of taste receptors (TAS2Rs) by bitter taste agonists has been reported to cause bronchodilation. The aim of this study was to extend the information on the effects of bitter taste agonists on responses induced by different contractile mediators in a standard airway physiology preparation. Isometric responses were assessed in guinea pig trachea (GPT). TAS2R agonists were administered either to segments precontracted with different agonists for contraction or given before challenge with the different contractile stimuli, including antigen in tissues from ovalbumin-sensitized animals.

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19

Tamrin, Nur Aida Md, Ramlah Zainudin, Yuzine Esa, et al. "New Insights on the Evolution of the Sweet Taste Receptor of Primates Adapted to Harsh Environments." Animals 10, no. 12 (2020): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122359.

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Taste perception is an essential function that provides valuable dietary and sensory information, which is crucial for the survival of animals. Studies into the evolution of the sweet taste receptor gene (TAS1R2) are scarce, especially for Bornean endemic primates such as Nasalis larvatus (proboscis monkey), Pongo pygmaeus (Bornean orangutan), and Hylobates muelleri (Muller’s Bornean gibbon). Primates are the perfect taxa to study as they are diverse dietary feeders, comprising specialist folivores, frugivores, gummivores, herbivores, and omnivores. We constructed phylogenetic trees of the TAS

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Tomonari, Hiroshi, Hirohito Miura, Makoto Ooki, Ayumi Nakayama, and Shuitsu Harada. "Diverse contributions of Tas1r2/Tas2rs within the rat and mouse soft palate to sweet and bitter neural responses." Neuroscience Letters 569 (May 2014): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.014.

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Zhao, H., Y. Zhou, C. M. Pinto, et al. "Evolution of the Sweet Taste Receptor Gene Tas1r2 in Bats." Molecular Biology and Evolution 27, no. 11 (2010): 2642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq152.

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Sukumaran, Sunil K., Karen K. Yee, Shusuke Iwata та ін. "Taste cell-expressed α-glucosidase enzymes contribute to gustatory responses to disaccharides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, № 21 (2016): 6035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520843113.

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The primary sweet sensor in mammalian taste cells for sugars and noncaloric sweeteners is the heteromeric combination of type 1 taste receptors 2 and 3 (T1R2+T1R3, encoded by Tas1r2 and Tas1r3 genes). However, in the absence of T1R2+T1R3 (e.g., in Tas1r3 KO mice), animals still respond to sugars, arguing for the presence of T1R-independent detection mechanism(s). Our previous findings that several glucose transporters (GLUTs), sodium glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), and the ATP-gated K+ (KATP) metabolic sensor are preferentially expressed in the same taste cells with T1R3 provides a potential

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Nakamura, Takumi, Kazuki Harada, Taichi Kamiya, et al. "Glutamine-induced signaling pathways via amino acid receptors in enteroendocrine L cell lines." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 64, no. 3 (2020): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-19-0260.

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), secreted by gastrointestinal enteroendocrine L cells, induces insulin secretion and is important for glucose homeostasis. GLP-1 secretion is induced by various luminal nutrients, including amino acids. Intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP dynamics play an important role in GLP-1 secretion regulation; however, several aspects of the underlying mechanism of amino acid-induced GLP-1 secretion are not well characterized. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the L-glutamine-induced increase in Ca2+ and cAMP intracellular concentrations ([Ca2+]i and [cAMP]i, respectively

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Han, Pengfei, Russell Keast, and Eugeni Roura. "TAS1R1 and TAS1R3 Polymorphisms Relate to Energy and Protein-Rich Food Choices from a Buffet Meal Respectively." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (2018): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121906.

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Eating behaviour in humans is a complex trait that involves sensory perception. Genetic variation in sensory systems is one of the factors influencing perception of foods. However, the extent that these genetic variations may determine food choices in a real meal scenario warrants further research. This study investigated how genetic variants of the umami taste receptor (TAS1R1/TAS1R3) related to consumption of umami-tasting foods. Thirty normal-weight adult subjects were offered “ad libitum” access to a variety of foods covering the full range of main taste-types for 40 min using a buffet mea

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Gentiluomo, Manuel, Ye Lu, Federico Canzian, and Daniele Campa. "Genetic variants in taste-related genes and risk of pancreatic cancer." Mutagenesis 34, no. 5-6 (2019): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gez032.

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Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive and relatively rare cancer with a dismal 5-year survival rate and a clear genetic background. Genetic variants in taste receptors and taste-related genes have been associated with a variety of human traits and phenotypes among which several cancer types and pancreatic cancer risk factors. In this study, we analysed 2854 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 50 taste-related genes, including 37 taste receptors. To cover all the genetic variability of the selected genes and to include also regulatory elements, we added 5000 nucleotides to b

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Choi, Jeong-Hwa. "TAS1R2 sweet taste receptor genetic variation and dietary intake in Korean females." Appetite 164 (September 2021): 105281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105281.

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Perna, S., I. Degli Agosti, F. Moncaglieri, M. Nichetti, D. Spadaccini, and M. Rondanelli. "Association of gene TAS1R2 polymorphisms (RS35874116) with food preferences, biochemical parameters and body composition." Nutrition 50 (June 2018): e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.03.032.

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Song, Xiudao, Fei Wang, Heng Xu, et al. "3-Deoxyglucosone Induces Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion from STC-1 Cells via Upregulating Sweet Taste Receptor Expression under Basal Conditions." International Journal of Endocrinology 2019 (October 23, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4959646.

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3-Deoxyglucosone (3DG) is derived from D-glucose during food processing and storage and under physiological conditions. We reported that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in response to an oral glucose load in vivo and high-glucose stimulation in vitro was decreased by acute 3DG administration. In this study, we determined the acute effect of 3DG on GLP-1 secretion under basal conditions and investigated the possible mechanisms. Normal fasting rats were given a single acute intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg 3DG. Plasma basal GLP-1 levels and duodenum 3DG content and sweet taste r

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Li, X., D. Glaser, W. Li, et al. "Analyses of Sweet Receptor Gene (Tas1r2) and Preference for Sweet Stimuli in Species of Carnivora." Journal of Heredity 100, Supplement 1 (2009): S90—S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esp015.

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Turner, Alexandria, Martin Veysey, Simon Keely, Christopher J. Scarlett, Mark Lucock, and Emma L. Beckett. "Genetic Variation in the Bitter Receptors Responsible for Epicatechin Detection Are Associated with BMI in an Elderly Cohort." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (2021): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020571.

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Globally, more than one-third of adults are overweight. Overweight and obesity are complex and multifaceted conditions, associated with an increased risk of chronic illness and early mortality. While there are known risk factors, these alone do not fully explain the varying outcomes between individuals. Recently, taste receptors have been proposed to have a role in the risk for obesity. These receptors are expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In this system, they may be involved in modulating dietary intake and metabolic processes. The taste 2 family of receptors (T2Rs) detects bit

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Perna, Simone. "Are the genes CA6, TAS2R38, TCF7L2, FTO, TAS1R2, TAS1R3, GNAT3 receptor polymorphisms involved on exceptional longevity and risk of sarcopenia? A cross sectional study in Italian aging population." Genetika 52, no. 1 (2020): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2001177p.

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This study hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms of different genes could modulate the lifespan and muscle health or sarcopenia. We investigated the possible associations between longevity and the common genetic variation polymorphism such as rs713598, rs7903146, rs9939609, rs35874116, rs2274333, rs7792845, rs35744813 in a population of 360 Italian elderly aged 65- 100 years. The polymorphism rs9939609, of the FTO gene, shows an association (p< 0.001) with longevity. In particular, the frequency of T/T homozygotes increases gradually from 35% in subjects aged 65-80 ys up to 80% in centena

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Kaur, Kiranjit, Alexandria Turner, Patrice Jones, et al. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Bitter-Taste Receptor Genotypes, Oral Health, and Markers of Oral Inflammation." Oral 1, no. 2 (2021): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oral1020013.

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(1) Background: The aetiology of oral disease is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors, including dietary ones. Bitter taste genetics may be related to oral health through dietary modulation or non-gustatory roles, including modulation of inflammation. Investigations of bitter taste and oral health associations to date have been restricted to specific polymorphisms, limited outcomes (caries), and age-groups (children), and links to inflammation remain to be elucidated. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study (n = 65) investigated the correlations between bitter taste genotyp

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Dias, Andre G., Karen M. Eny, Moira Cockburn, et al. "Variation in the TAS1R2 Gene, Sweet Taste Perception and Intake of Sugars." Journal of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics 8, no. 2 (2015): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000430886.

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Raliou, Mariam, Yves Boucher, Anna Wiencis, et al. "Tas1R1–Tas1R3 taste receptor variants in human fungiform papillae." Neuroscience Letters 451, no. 3 (2009): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.12.060.

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Ariel, Barak, David Lawes, Cristobal Weinborn, Ron Henry, Kevin Chen, and Hagit Brants Sabo. "The “Less-Than-Lethal Weapons Effect”—Introducing TASERs to Routine Police Operations in England and Wales: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 2 (2018): 280–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818812918.

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We used a randomized controlled trial to test the effect of mass deployment of TASERs on policing. The findings show that the presence of a TASER is causally linked to statistically significant increases in the use of force more generally—a 48% higher incidence during treatment conditions for TASER-equipped officers, a 19% higher incidence for non-TASER-equipped officers, and a 23% higher rate force wide, compared to control conditions. Assaults of officers doubled. However, there were fewer complaints during treatment compared to control conditions (five versus nine complaints). We conclude t

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Wauson, Eric M., Elma Zaganjor, and Melanie H. Cobb. "Amino acid regulation of autophagy through the GPCR TAS1R1-TAS1R3." Autophagy 9, no. 3 (2013): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.22911.

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Modvig, Ida Marie, Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre, Sara Lind Jepsen, et al. "Amino acids differ in their capacity to stimulate GLP-1 release from the perfused rat small intestine and stimulate secretion by different sensing mechanisms." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 320, no. 5 (2021): E874—E885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00026.2021.

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Using isolated perfused rat small intestines, we show that amino acids differ in their mechanisms and capacity of stimulating GLP-1 release. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sensing by GPR142, GPR35, GPR93, and the umami taste receptor (Tas1R1/Tas1R3) are not involved in amino acid stimulated GLP-1 release. In contrast to previous studies, this experimental model allows discrimination between the luminal and the vascular side of the intestine, which is essential when studying mechanisms of amino acid-stimulated GLP-1 secretion.

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Ba, Bocar, and Jeffrey Grogger. "The Introduction of Tasers and Police Use of Firearms: Evidence from the Chicago Police Department." AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 1, 2019): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191029.

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Many police jurisdictions have recently expanded their Taser arsenals with a goal of reducing officer-involved shootings. We analyze substitution between Tasers and firearms by means of an event study made possible by a policy change at the Chicago Police Department. Before March 2010, only sergeants and field training officers had access to Tasers; after that date, they were made available to patrol officers. We find that the change in Taser policy led to a large increase in Taser use, but not to a decrease in the use of firearms.

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Wang, Xianwang, Xiaochun Peng, Xueqing Zhang, et al. "The Emerging Roles of CIB1 in Cancer." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 43, no. 4 (2017): 1413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000481873.

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Calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1) is an EF-hand calcium binding protein, which is involved in many cellular processes, including calcium signaling, cell survival and proliferation, cell migration, cell adhesion and apoptosis. A number of studies have found that CIB1 is ubiquitously expressed and is related to various human diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cardiac hypertrophy and male infertility. The mechanism of CIB1 in human diseases is still not clear, although multiple functions of CIB1 are modulated by interacting with numerous interacting partners. As a cal

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Li, Yan, and Yajuan Zhang. "To Determine Pivotal Genes Driven by Methylated DNA in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (March 29, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5520325.

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a widespread respiratory dysfunction that has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Recently, a large number of studies have shown that abnormal DNA methylation epigenetically silences genes necessary for the pathogenesis of human diseases. However, the exact mechanism of abnormal DNA methylation in OSAHS is still elusive. In this study, we downloaded the OSAHS data from the GEO database. Our data for the first time revealed 520 hypermethylated genes and 889 hypomethylated genes in OSAHS. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these abnor

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Di Pizio, Antonella, and Alessandro Nicoli. "In Silico Molecular Study of Tryptophan Bitterness." Molecules 25, no. 20 (2020): 4623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204623.

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Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, required for the production of serotonin. It is the most bitter amino acid and its bitterness was found to be mediated by the bitter taste receptor TAS2R4. Di-tryptophan has a different selectivity profile and was found to activate three bitter taste receptors, whereas tri-tryptophan activated five TAS2Rs. In this work, the selectivity/promiscuity profiles of the mono-to-tri-tryptophans were explored using molecular modeling simulations to provide new insights into the molecular recognition of the bitter tryptophan. Tryptophan epitopes were found in all f

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Barragán, Rocio, Oscar Coltell, Olga Portolés, et al. "Bitter, Sweet, Salty, Sour and Umami Taste Perception Decreases with Age: Sex-Specific Analysis, Modulation by Genetic Variants and Taste-Preference Associations in 18 to 80 Year-Old Subjects." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (2018): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101539.

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There is growing interest in relating taste perception to diet and healthy aging. However, there is still limited information on the influence of age, sex and genetics on taste acuity as well as on the relationship between taste perception and taste preferences. We have analysed the influence of age on the intensity rating of the five basic tastes: sweet, salty, bitter, sour and umami (separately and jointly in a “total taste score”) and their modulation by sex and genetics in a relatively healthy population (men and women) aged 18–80 years (n = 1020 Caucasian European participants). Taste per

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Adams, Kenneth, and Victoria Jennison. "What we do not know about police use of Tasers™." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 30, no. 3 (2007): 447–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510710778831.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the police literature, select agency reports, and media publications to examine issues involving police use of Tasers™Design/methodology/approachThe focus of inquiry is on questions of policy development, deployment, training, use and impact of Tasers from organizational and community perspectives.FindingsLimited research reflects a lack of consensus in the development and application of policies related to Taser training and use. Variations in policy and training and the substitution of Tasers for other technologies across the use‐of‐force continu

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Crow, Matthew S., and Brittany Adrion. "Focal Concerns and Police Use of Force." Police Quarterly 14, no. 4 (2011): 366–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611111423740.

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The use of force by police officers is a regular source of interest among the public, media, scholars, and criminal justice professionals. Tasers have emerged as an important and increasingly popular technology for police departments. Despite the increasing adoption and use of Tasers and the controversy surrounding their use, relatively little prior research examines the factors associated with Taser use by police officers. Guided by the focal concerns theoretical perspective, the current study uses data from a medium-size police department to analyze the factors that influence Taser use. Logi

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Eny, Karen M., Thomas MS Wolever, Paul N. Corey, and Ahmed El-Sohemy. "Genetic variation in TAS1R2 (Ile191Val) is associated with consumption of sugars in overweight and obese individuals in 2 distinct populations." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92, no. 6 (2010): 1501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.29836.

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Ramos-Lopez, Omar, Arturo Panduro, Erika Martinez-Lopez, and Sonia Roman. "Sweet Taste Receptor TAS1R2 Polymorphism (Val191Val) Is Associated with a Higher Carbohydrate Intake and Hypertriglyceridemia among the Population of West Mexico." Nutrients 8, no. 2 (2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8020101.

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Kim, J. M., D. Ren, A. Reverter, and E. Roura. "A regulatory gene network related to the porcine umami taste receptor (TAS1R1 /TAS1R3 )." Animal Genetics 47, no. 1 (2015): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/age.12374.

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Han, Jay S., Anil Chopra, and David Carr. "Ophthalmic injuries from a TASER." CJEM 11, no. 01 (2009): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500010976.

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ABSTRACT The TASER (TASER International) is an energy-conducting weapon, that is becoming more frequently used by law enforcement officials to subdue combative individuals. Though generally regarded as a safe alternative, the use of such weapons has been reported to cause serious injuries. We describe a case in which ocular injuries were sustained by impalement with a TASER dart. Emergency physicians should be aware of the potential for serious ophthalmic injuries from TASERs and how such injuries should be managed.

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O'Brien, Anthony John, Brian G. McKenna, and Alexander I. F. Simpson. "Health professionals and the monitoring of Taser use." Psychiatric Bulletin 31, no. 10 (2007): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.106.014175.

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Although electromuscular incapacitation devices (Tasers or ‘stun guns') have been in use for over a decade, concern about potential health effects has not been resolved. Moreover, public policy decisions have expanded the availability of Tasers and require wide consultation with the health sector as well as other stakeholders. In the past 5 years sales of Tasers have grown considerably, with numbers of US law enforcement agencies using the devices growing from 1700 in 2001 to 8700 in 2005 (US Department of Justice, personal communication). Jenkinson et al (2006) recently argued, as have the UK

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Jeruzal-Świątecka, Joanna, Wojciech Fendler, and Wioletta Pietruszewska. "Clinical Role of Extraoral Bitter Taste Receptors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (2020): 5156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145156.

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Humans can recognise five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. Sour and salty substances are linked to ion channels, while sweet, bitter and umami flavours are transmitted through receptors linked to the G protein (G protein-coupled receptors; GPCRs). There are two main types of GPCRs that transmit information about sweet, umami and bitter tastes—the Tas1r and TAS2R families. There are about 25 functional TAS2R genes coding bitter taste receptor proteins. They are found not only in the mouth and throat, but also in the intestines, brain, bladder and lower and upper respiratory t

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