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1
Asmussen, Silke. "Position der ATV-DVWK zur Novellierung der TASi." Universität Potsdam, 2000. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/319/.
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OGIER, MONNIER KARINE. "Remplacement du tasi 2 par wsi 2 pour la realisation des grilles des transistors des cellules des memoires eeprom : optimisation du procede." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10049.
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L'objectif de ce travail de these a consiste a qualifier et optimiser le depot des grilles des memoires eeprom en polycide de tungstene. Ces grilles sont destinees a remplacer les grilles en polycide de tantale. Les etudes realisees sur les structures de test ont permis d'etablir que les capacites mos avec une grille en ta-polycide presentent une meilleure resistance a l'injection d'electrons et que les cellules memoires presentent une meilleure endurance. Malgre ces avantages, il a ete decide d'introduire le siliciure de tungstene pour tenter d'ameliorer la fiabilite des memoires eeprom. Deux chimies de depot des couches de siliciure de tungstene ont ete comparees : la premiere utilise la reduction du monosilane (sih 4) par l'hexafluorure de tungstene (procede ms), la seconde utilise la reduction du dichlorosilane (sih 2cl 2) par l'hexafluorure de tungstene (procede dcs). La comparaison des deux procedes pour des dispositifs realises avec des oxydes de grille et tunnel sec a montre que ce dernier presente un certain nombre d'avantages en ce qui concerne les caracteristiques du depot obtenu. Par contre, les performances de la memoire n'ont pas ete suffisantes pour le retenir. Le procede ms a alors ete retenu. Les etudes precedentes pour determiner la chimie de depot optimale du siliciure de tungstene pour remplacer le siliciure de tantale ont fait apparaitre la necessite d'optimiser certaines etapes du procede de fabrication : croissance de l'oxyde tunnel, optimisation du depot de la couche de silicium dope, optimisation du rapport des epaisseurs des deux couches qui constituent le polycide de tungstene, gravure des espaceurs, recuit oxydant du siliciure les differentes etudes menees sur les etapes technologiques decrites auparavant ont permis de definir un procede de fabrication qui ameliore les performances des memoires non volatiles de type eeprom.
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Pivovarník, Marek. "New Approaches in Airborne Thermal Image Processing for Landscape Assessment." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263356.
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Letecká termální hyperspektrální data přinášejí řadu informací o teplotě a emisivitě zemského povrchu. Při odhadování těchto parametrů z dálkového snímání tepelného záření je třeba řešit nedourčený systém rovnic. Bylo navrhnuto několik přístupů jak tento problém vyřešit, přičemž nejrozšířenější je algoritmus označovaný jako Temperature and Emissivity Separation (TES). Tato práce má dva hlavní cíle: 1) zlepšení algoritmu TES a 2) jeho implementaci do procesingového řetězce pro zpracování obrazových dat získaných senzorem TASI. Zlepšení algoritmu TES je možné dosáhnout nahrazením používaného modulu normalizování emisivity (tzv. Normalized Emissivity Module) částí, která je založena na vyhlazení spektrálních charakteristik nasnímané radiance. Nový modul je pak označen jako Optimized Smoothing for Temperature Emissivity Separation (OSTES). Algoritmus OSTES je připojen k procesingovému řetězci pro zpracování obrazových dat ze senzoru TASI. Testování na simulovaných datech ukázalo, že použití algoritmu OSTES vede k přesnějším odhadům teploty a emisivity. OSTES byl dále testován na datech získaných ze senzorů ASTER a TASI. V těchto případech však není možné pozorovat výrazné zlepšení z důvodu nedokonalých atmosférických korekcí. Nicméně hodnoty emisivity získané algoritmem OSTES vykazují více homogenní vlastnosti než hodnoty ze standardního produktu senzoru ASTER.
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Tasi, Agost Gyula [Verfasser], and H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Geckeis. "Solubility, redox and sorption behavior of plutonium in the presence of α-D-isosaccharinic acid and cement under reducing conditions / Agost Gyula Tasi ; Betreuer: H. Geckeis." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164080857/34.
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Tafi, Tara Christine. "Reclamation Effectiveness at Three Reclaimed Abandoned Mine Sites in Jefferson County, Montana." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/tafi/TafiT0806.pdf.
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Montana has an estimated 6000 abandoned mine sites, many with associated waste rock and tailings materials contributing to the release of high levels of acidity, heavy metals, and other contaminants, creating a risk to human health and the environment. Many abandoned mine sites in Montana have been reclaimed, however, little post-reclamation monitoring has been performed, and the effectiveness of reclamation has not been quantified. The goal of this project was to quantify the effectiveness of reclamation at three sites in Jefferson County, Montana based on soil suitability for sustaining plant growth. Vegetation and soil studies were executed using a stratified random sampling design. Vegetation measurements included canopy cover using Daubenmire cover classes, above ground biomass, and species richness/diversity. Co-located soil samples were excavated in increments to a depth of 60 cm, and determinations of pH, electrical conductivity, nutrients, soluble, and total metal levels were made. Canopy cover estimates ranged from 0-120% and biomass production estimates ranged from 0-4583 kg ha-1. Differences in species richness and diversity were observed between sample strata. The chemical properties of the soil varied greatly, with pH values ranging from 2.08 to 7.63, and soluble metal values ranging from <0.1 to1001 mg l-1 for Zn, .02 to 20.81 mg l-1 for Cu, <.01 to 7.39 mg l-1 for Cd, <.05 to 12.26 mg l-1 for As, and <.1 to 7.6 mg l-1 for Pb. Sum of total metal and arsenic (As, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations ranged from 133 to 81448 mg kg-1. Associations between vegetation and soil chemistry were determined using correlation. Significant correlations between vegetation attributes and soil chemistry were found. These results indicate that reclamation at the selected sites was moderately effective in reducing human and environment risk of exposure to harmful contaminants. There are concerns with upward migration of contaminants, and the sustainability of plant communities at all sites within the study. Elevated levels of residual metals and arsenic, as well as low pH conditions may have a deleterious effect on the long-term stability of the reclamation at these sites.
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Nilsson, Kerstin. "En träningsstudie om barn och balans : effekter av Tai Chi liknande rörelser på flickors och pojkars balans." Thesis, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-1088.
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Syfte
Tidigare forskning har visat att Tai Chi träning förbättrar balansen hos äldre. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om barns balans påverkades av träning som utfördes i ett långsamt tempo liknande Tai Chi träning.
Studien syftade också till att utreda om det förelåg någon skillnad i balans mellan pojkar och flickor och om något av könen tog till sig träningen bättre. Studien syftade även till att undersöka hur balansen påverkades då barnen utförde olika kognitiva uppgifter.
Metod
Studien fullföljdes av 41 barn i åldern 9-10 år. En interventionsgrupp, 19 barn tränade Tai Chi liknande rörelser dagligen under åtta veckor och denna jämfördes med en kontrollgrupp, 22 barn som inte fick denna träning.
Balansövningar utfördes på en kraftplatta samt på en metallprofil. Från övningarna på kraftplattan mättes standardavvikelse och amplitud av tryckcentrums mediolaterala och anterioposteriora förflyttning. Från övningarna på metallprofilen mättes antalet nedtramp.
Resultat
Många parametrar mättes men endast en uppvisade en signifikant träningseffekt. Pojkarna minskade standardavvikelsen på tryckcentrums mediolaterala förflyttning vid stående med öppna ögon.
Studien uppmätte vissa skillnader i balans mellan pojkar och flickor.
Mätningar av tryckcentrums förflyttning då barnen utförde olika uppgifter uppmätte en signifikant skillnad vid stående med öppna ögon jämfört med stående då ögonen var stängda (med eller utan utförande av en samtida kognitiv uppgift).
Övningarna på metallskenan förbättrades lika mycket i tränings- som kontrollgrupp.
Slutsats
Studien ger indikationer att träningsformen i viss utsträckning var effektiv då daglig träning under åtta veckor gav signifikant förbättring i en av de testade parametrarna.
Dessa fynd är i linje med de fåtal studier som finns på träning av balans hos barn.
Aim.
Previous studies have shown that Tai Chi exercises improve postural control in elderly people. The primary aim of this study was to investigate if similar Thai Chi like training affects postural control in children. Secondary aims of the study was 1) to investigate if any such effects from training differs between boys and girls and 2) to investigate whether performing a cognitive task during balance testing had any effect on postural control in these children.
Method.
In the balance tests, different tasks were performed on a force plate and on a metal profile. From the tasks performed on the force plate, the standard deviations and amplitudes of the mediolateral and anterioposterior displacements of center of pressure were measured. From the tasks performed on the metal profile, the number of clampdowns were counted.
The study was conducted over an eight week period with 41 children in the ages 9-10 years old. The children were divided into two groups; children in the training group (n=19) who participated in Tai Chi like training every day, and children in the control group (n=22) who did not participate in this training.
Results.
The study also showed some differences in postural control between boys and girls.
When comparing the displacement in center of pressure between different two-legged tasks performed on the force plate, significantly less displacement was found in the task involving standing with open eyes compared to all tasks involving standing with closed eyes (with or without a concurrent cognitive task).
The number of clampdowns from the metal profile were reduced after the training period, to a similar extent in the control and the training groups.
Several different aspects of the postural control were measured in the study. Only one of these improved significantly with training. Boys in the intervention group showed a decrease in the standard deviation of the mediolateral displacement of the center of pressure when standing with open eyes.
Conclusion.
These results are also consistent with similar studies on postural control among children.
This study indicates that slow motion training, similar to Tai Chi, has a small but positive effect on postural control, for boys 9-10 year old, when conducted every day over an eight week period, as one of the tested parameters shows an improvement.
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Li, Xiangqian. "Task-switching costs without task-switching." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8962/.
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It has been suggested that task-switching costs can be eliminated if participants memorise all stimulus-response mappings thereby avoiding task-switching altogether (Dreisbach, Goschke & Haider, 2006, 2007; Dreisbach & Haider, 2008). This has been labelled the “Look-Up Table” (LUT) approach. It has also been suggested that the LUT approach could potentially explain why animals such as monkeys (Stoet & Snyder, 2003; Avdagic et al., 2013) and pigeons (Castro & Wasserman, 2016; Meier, Lea & McLaren 2016) were able to perform task-switching without showing any task-switching costs (Dreisbach, et al., 2006, 2007; Dreisbach & Haider, 2008; Forrest, Monsell & Mclaren, 2014). In a series of eight experiments the following two questions were addressed: (1) Why do some participants show significant task-switching costs even when they do not switch between tasks (e.g., Forrest, Monsell & Mclaren, 2014)? (2) Can the LUT approach explain the absence of task-switching costs? In an attempt to answer both questions different sources of human task-switching costs are investigated in eight behavioural experiments. Chapter 1 provides an overview of different task-switching paradigms and accounts to explain task-switching costs. Chapter 2 summarises previous attempts to remove human task-switching costs. Evidence for the absence of task-switching costs in animals is also introduced. Following up on previous studies that suggested the LUT approach can explain the absence of task-switching costs, I conducted two task-switching experiments using visual tasks (i.e., colour task and shape task) with bivalent stimuli in an attempt to re-examine the conclusions of previous LUT studies (i.e., Dreisbach, et al., 2006, 2007; Dreisbach & Haider, 2008; Forrest, Monsell & Mclaren, 2014). The results in Chapter 2 indicate that human participants cannot always eliminate task-switching costs and do not always apply the LUT approach when the task-switching strategy is controlled. Therefore, the experiments in Chapter 3 and 4 sought to ascertain the requirements for eliminating task-switching costs when using the LUT approach. The experiments in Chapter 3 applied visual tasks where each task had a different stimulus-set. Experiments in Chapter 4 applied two classical mathematical tasks (i.e., big/small task, odd/even task) and used Chinese numbers as stimuli. The results of the experiments in Chapters 3 and 4 suggest that human participants must be able to give the correct answer without processing task-relevant features from the stimuli in order to eliminate task-switching costs. In the experiment of Chapter 5 the cue-stimulus-response mappings from Experiments 2.1 and 2.2 were rearranged so that switching between conventional tasks and rules became impossible. The results suggest that task-relevant features can trigger interferences thereby causing “task-switching costs” even when participants do not switch between tasks. In Chapter 7, I compare a modified interference account, introduced in Chapter 5, with the compound retrieval account (e.g., Logan & Schneider, 2010) and associative learning account (Forrest et al., 2014; Meier et al., 2016) in order to explain why human participants show task-switching costs even when they do not switch between tasks. I conclude that the modified interference account provides an alternative explanation. It has been proposed that only humans are affected by strong and long-lasting interference from previous trials during task-switching. As a consequence, this interference may explain why human participants consistently show task-switching costs whereas monkeys and pigeons show no task-switching costs.
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Perez, Gabriel Mendes Hernandez. "Mooi misi no taki "taki-taki" / Moça bonita não fala "taki-taki": gênero, práticas e representações linguísticas de imigrantes brasileiros no Suriname." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/5116.
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Faperj
Colégio Cruzeiro, CRUZEIRO, Brasil
A imigração de brasileiros no Suriname é um fenômeno relativamente recente que começou a ser percebido em meados dos anos 80, quando as primeiras modestas ondas de migração, formadas sobretudo por garimpeiros e prostitutas, se instalaram principalmente no interior do país. Estima-se que atualmente vivam na antiga Guiana Holandesa cerca de 16.000 brasileiros, concentrados particularmente na zona norte da capital Paramaribo, onde exercem atividades diversas nos setores de mineração, prestação de serviços, comércio e prostituição. Esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar as práticas e representações linguísticas de imigrantes brasileiros residentes na capital do Suriname, país onde coexistem cerca de 20 línguas faladas por distintas etnias, sendo o holandês a única com status de idioma oficial. Por entender, assim como Calvet ([1999] 2004), que as práticas linguísticas e as representações, ou seja, as imagens que os sujeitos constroem em torno das línguas, são não só interdependentes, mas se relacionam com os contextos sociais, ideologias e relações de poder nas quais estão inseridas, discuto neste trabalho os conceitos de mercado linguístico e violência simbólica conforme Bourdieu ([1982] 1996) e, naturalmente, contextualizo a imigração brasileira e apresento o panorama sociolinguístico observado no país, com ênfase na capital Paramaribo. A pesquisa in loco que constitui o corpus desta investigação demonstrou ainda que o gênero dos falantes exerce forte influência sobre as práticas e, sobretudo, sobre as representações linguísticas dos sujeitos, o que apontou para a necessidade de se discutir as interações entre linguagem e essas duas categorias. Assim, o presente trabalho apresenta ainda uma revisão bibliográfica das pesquisas sociolinguísticas mais relevantes que se dispuseram a analisar tais relações, como as pioneiras contribuições variacionistas de Labov (1966, 1990), Trudgill (1972) e Eckert (1989), os estudos centrados em contato linguístico de Piller & Pavlenko (2001, 2006) e, ainda, as desconstruções de um emergente campo dos estudos da linguagem, a linguística queer (LIVIA. A; HALL, K, 1997; BORBA, 2015). A reflexão teórica aqui proposta visará a discutir não só como esses dois fatores afetam as escolhas dos falantes, mas como os indivíduos constroem e afirmam seu gênero e outras identidades através da linguagem.
The Brazilian immigration in Suriname is a relatively recent phenomenon that came into prominence in the mid-80's, when the first modest waves of immigrants, most of them miners and prostitutes, settled mainly in the countryside. Around 16,000 Brazilians are currently living in the former Dutch Guiana, particularly in the northern part of the capital Paramaribo, where they work mostly in retail, the service industry, mining and prostitution. This research aims to analyze the language practices and representations of Brazilian immigrants living in the capital of Suriname, where about 20 languages are spoken by different ethnic groups and Dutch remains the only one with an official status. In our understanding, language representations, that means, the images that speakers have about languages, and language practices are, as defined by Calvet ([1999] 2004) not only interdependent, but are also related to social contexts, ideologies and power relationships. Thus, we discuss in this work the concepts of linguistic market and symbolic violence according to Bourdieu ([1982] 1996) and contextualize the Brazilian immigration and the current sociolinguistic panorama observed in the country, with an emphasis on the capital Paramaribo. The data collected in the field research also demonstrated that the gender of the speakers exerts a strong influence on their language practices and, above all, on their language representations. These observations led to the discussion on the relationships between language and gender. Thus, this work presents a bibliographical review of the most relevant sociolinguistic researches that discussed these relations, such as the first contributions of Labov (1966, 1990), Trudgill (1972) and Eckert (1989), the studies based on language contact by Piller & Pavlenko (2001, 2006) and the deconstructions of an emerging field of language studies: the Queer Linguistics (LIVIA. A; HALL, K, 1997; BORBA, 2015). The reflection on the theories presented in this work aims to discuss not only how gender affects the speakers' choices, but also how individuals construct and affirm their gender and other identities through language.
De immigratie van Brazilianen in Suriname is een vrij recent fenomeen en verscheen halfweg de jaren 80. De eerste golf van migranten bestonden voornamelijk uit mijnwerkers en prostituees die zich vestigden op het platteland in Suriname. Ongeveer 16.000 Brazilianen leven momenteel in het voormalige nederlanstalige Guyana, hoofdzakelijk in het noordelijke deel van de hoofdstad Paramaribo, waar ze voornamelijk werken in de kleinhandel, dienstensector, de mijnindustrie en prostitutie. Dit onderzoek richt zich op het analyseren van de taalgebruiken en representaties van Braziliaanse immigranten die leven in de hoofdstad van Suriname, waar ongeveer 20 talen gesproken worden door verschillende etnische groepen waarvan het Nederlands de enige taal is met een officiële status. Taalrepresentaties, d.i. het beeld dat sprekers hebben over een taal, en taalgebruiken worden door Calvet (1999, 2004) gedefinieerd als niet alleen onderling afhankelijk, maar gerelateerd tot de sociale context, ideologieën en krachtige relaties. Om deze reden onderzoeken we in dit werk de concepten van de taalkundige markt en het symbolisch geweld dat daarmee gepaard gaat volgens Bourdieu ([1982] 1996). Verder onderzoeken we ook de Braziliaanse immigratie en het huidig sociolinguistisch panorama dat geobserveerd wordt in het land, met de nadruk op de hoofdstad Paramaribo. De data dat werd verworven door het veldwerk toont ons dat de gender van de spreker een sterke invloed uitoefent op de taalgebruiken en bovenal op de taalrepresentatie. Deze observaties brengen ons naar de discussie van de relatie tussen taal en gender. Omwille van die reden focust dit werk zich op een bibliografische kijk op de meest relevante, sociolinguïstieke onderzoeken die deze relaties reeds aangehaald hebben. We kijken naar de eerste bijdragen van Labov (1966, 1990), Trudgill (1972) en Eckert (1989) en alsook de studies die gebaseerd zijn op taal contact door Piller en Pavlenko (2001,2006) en ook de bijdragen van een opkomend gebied van taalstudies: Queer linguistics (LIVIA. A; HALL, K, 1997; BORBA, 2015). De theorieën die we aanhalen in dit werk brengen ons naar de discussie hoe het geslacht van de spreker zijn keuzes beïnvloedt, maar ook hoe individuen hun geslacht en andere identiteiten vormen en bevestigen door middel van taal.
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Riby, Leigh Martin. "The effects of age, task complexity and task domain on dual task performance." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/af3ecd46-ba64-48c3-a8f7-7fd30df39fad.
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Drucker, Steven M. "Task-level robot learning on a complex task." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13661.
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Kübler, Sebastian. "Investigating Task-Order Coordination in Dual-Task Situations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22796.
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Bisherige Studien liefern Hinweise für das Auftreten von aktiven Prozessen der Reihenfolgekoordination in Doppelaufgaben. Diese Prozesse sind notwendig für die Regulation der Bearbeitungsreihenfolge von zwei Aufgaben. Bisher ist jedoch wenig über die kognitiven und neuronalen Mechanismen bekannt, die diesen Prozessen zugrunde liegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war deshalb die Überprüfung eines Modells aktiver Reihenfolgekoordination in Doppelaufgaben. Das Modell nimmt an, dass diese Prozesse auf Repräsentationen zurückgreifen, die Informationen über die Verarbeitungssequenz zweier Aufgaben enthält. Zusätzlich macht das Modell Annahmen über (1) den Ort der Verarbeitung und (2) den genauen Inhalt dieser Repräsentationen. Weiterhin enthält das Modell die Annahmen, dass (3) der präfrontale Kortex kausal in Reihenfolgekoordination involviert ist und dass (4) diese Prozesse von unterschiedlichen Kriterien beeinflusst werden.
In dieser Dissertation wurde das Model in einer Reihe von vier Studien überprüft. Dazu wurde ein Doppelaufgabenparadigma mit zufällig wechselnder Aufgabenreihenfolge verwendet. Ich konnte zeigen, dass die Reihenfolgerepräsentationen im Arbeitsgedächtnis aufrechterhalten und aktiv verarbeitet werden. Ich konnte weiterhin zeigen, dass diese Repräsentationen nur Information über die Sequenz der Aufgaben enthalten. Spezifische Aufgabeninformation wird hingegen separat repräsentiert. Durch den Einsatz transkranieller Magnetstimulation konnte ich zudem nachweisen, dass der präfrontale Kortex eine kausale Rolle für Reihenfolgekoordination spielt. Darüber hinaus konnte ich zeigen, dass Anforderungen an Reihenfolgekoordinationsprozesse in Situationen, in denen Probanden ein von außen vorgegebenes Reihenfolgekriterium befolgen, erhöht sind im Vergleich zu Situationen, in denen Probanden ein auf einer freien Wahl basierendes Kriterium nutzen können. Die Implikationen dieser Ergebnisse werden unter Berücksichtigung des vorgeschlagenen Modells diskutiert.Evidence from behavioral as well as neurophysiological studies indicates the occurrence of active task-order coordination processes in dual-task situations. These processes are required for planning and regulating the processing sequence of two tasks that overlap in time. So far, however, the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying active task-order coordination are highly underspecified. To tackle this issue, in the present dissertation I tested a model of task-order coordination in dual-task situations. This model assumes that task-order coordination relies on representations that contain information about the processing sequence of the two component tasks. In addition, the model includes assumptions about the (1) locus of processing as well as (2) the exact content of these order representations. The model further assumes that (3) the lateral prefrontal cortex is causally involved in implementing task-order coordination processes and that (4) these processes are affected by different order criteria. I tested this model in a series of four studies by applying a dual-task paradigm with randomly changing task order. I demonstrated that task-order representations are actively maintained and processed in working memory during dual tasking. Moreover, I found that these order representations only contain information about the processing sequence of tasks, whereas specific component task information is represented separately. By applying transcranial magnetic stimulation, I also provided evidence for the causal role of the lateral prefrontal cortex for task-order coordination. Furthermore, I showed that the demands on task-order coordination are increased when participants have to adhere to an external and mandatory order criterion compared to when they can use an internally generated order criterion that is based on free choice. The implications of these results as well as an outlook for future research will be discussed in the framework of the proposed model.
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Hendrich, Elisabeth. "Determinants of task order in dual-task situations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17088.
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Werden zwei Aufgaben in einem Doppelaufgaben-Paradigma gleichzeitig bearbeitet, dann treten oft sogenannte Doppelaufgabenkosten auf (längere Reaktionszeiten und/oder höhere Fehlerzahlen). Diese Doppelaufgabenkosten werden durch einen zentralen “Flaschenhals” erklärt, der die gleichzeitige Verarbeitung der beiden Aufgaben an der zentralen Verarbeitungsstufe der Reaktionsauswahl verhindert. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, einige mögliche Faktoren der Verarbeitungsreihenfolge an diesem Flaschenhals zu untersuchen. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Ankunftszeit am Flaschenhals ein wichtiger Faktor bei der Festlegung der Verarbeitungsreihenfolge ist. Zusätzlich ist der Einfluss der Ankunftszeit auf die Verarbeitungsreihenfolge unabhängig davon, welche der beiden Aufgaben manipuliert wurde um den Einfluss dieser Aufgabe zu untersuchen (visuelle oder auditorische Aufgabe). Ein zweiter Faktor der manipuliert wurde, ist die Instruktion an die Probanden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unter bestimmten Instruktionsbedingungen kognitive Kontrollprozesse aktiviert zu werden scheinen. Als dritten Faktor wurden Aufgabenanforderungen untersucht, indem eine Aufgabe mit zeitlicher Reihenfolge-Entscheidung mit einer Doppelaufgabe mit zufälliger Aufgabenreihenfolge, d.h.: Bestimmung der zeitlichen Reihenfolge mit der zusätzlichen Anforderung einer Reaktionswahl-Aufgabe, verglichen wurde. Die Ergebnisse dieser Experimente deuten darauf hin, dass die Entscheidung über die zeitliche Reihenfolge der beiden Aufgaben zwischen der Wahrnehmungsstufe und der Reaktionswahlstufe getroffen wird.The simultaneous performance of two tasks in a dual-task paradigm is often accompanied by dual-task costs (longer reaction times and/or higher error rates). These dual-task costs have been explained by the existence of a central bottleneck which prohibits the simultaneous processing of the two tasks at the central response-selection stage of information processing. The aim of the present work was to investigate several of the possible factors which determine the task processing order at this central bottleneck. The study shows that the arrival time of the two tasks at the bottleneck plays an important role in the determination of task order. Additionally, the influence of the arrival time on processing order is independent of the component task which is manipulated to test the influence of that task (i.e., visual & auditory task). A second factor that was manipulated is the instruction given to the participants. The results show that cognitive control processes are activated under certain instruction conditions. As a third factor, task requirements were investigated by comparing a temporal order judgement task with a dual task with random task order (i.e., temporal order judgement with the additional requirement to do a choice-RT task). The results suggest that the decision about the temporal order of the two tasks is located between the perception stage and the response-selection stage of processing.
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Farias, Priscila Fabiane. "Task-Test." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/123320.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2014.Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T18:04:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 326630.pdf: 2523395 bytes, checksum: 6e9af23608eac659ca9db8d0f3a385cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Na área de Aquisição de Segunda Língua, a abordagem baseada em tarefas propõe um ensino comunicativo através do uso de tarefas (Skehan, 2003). Da mesma forma, pesquisadores e professores desta área explicam que a abordagem usada em sala de aula deve ser similar à maneira que os alunos são testados. Levando isso em consideração, é possível afirmar que, em uma sala de aula na qual a abordagem baseada em tarefas é aplicada, a testagem dos alunos deve ser conduzida da mesma forma. Assim, esse trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o impacto de um Teste-Tarefa, ou seja, um teste que contém elementos de uma tarefa levando em consideração os critérios estabelecidos por Ellis (2003), no desempenho de alunos de dois grupos distintos - grupo 1 que seguiu a abordagem estabelecida pelo livro-texto e grupo 2 que recebeu um tratamento seguindo a Abordagem Baseada em Tarefas. Além disso, a presente pesquisa tentou entender a relação entre o teste e a abordagem metodológica usada para ensino de segunda língua. Ainda, buscando um enfoque mais qualitativo, esse estudo objetivou pesquisar a percepção dos alunos sobre o Teste-Tarefa no sentido de saber se o mesmo é ou não uma ferramenta apropriada para medir seu aprendizado em L2. Trinta e dois participantes, divididos em dois grupos, responderam o Teste-Tarefa, um questionário sobre dados pessoais bem como outro sobre o teste em si. Em relação à comparação do desempenho dos alunos levando em consideração a acurácia, complexidade e outcome (resposta comunicativa de uma tarefa), Testes-T independentes foram utilizados. Quanto ao objetivo de entender a percepção dos participantes sobre o teste, uma avaliação qualitativa dos questionários foi feita. Resultados indicaram falta de significância estatística para ambas acuracia e complexidade enquanto que para a medida de outcome, a significância foi aproximada. Em relação aos questionários, os mesmos demonstraram que os alunos identificaram os elementos de uma tarefa no Teste-Tarefa e, em virtude desses resultados, o Teste-Tarefa foi considerado pelos alunos como uma ferramenta apropriada para medir seu aprendizado em L2. Levando em consideração tais implicações trazidas pela análise dos dados quantitativos e qualitativos, ênfase na importância de uma abordagem coerente para ensino e testagem é sugerida. Ademais, o Teste-Tarefa foi considerado uma ferramenta construtiva e positiva para testagem no contexto do ensino comunicativo.
Abstract : Within the area of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), the Task Based Approach (TBA) proposes communicative teaching through the use of tasks (Skehan, 2003). At the same time, researchers in the area of SLA agree that the approach used by the teacher in class should be similar to the way the students are going to be tested. Bearing this in mind, it can be assumed that in TBA classroom, students' assessment should also follow TBA tenets. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the impact of a TaskTest, that is, a written test which contained elements of a task according to Ellis' (2003) criteria, on students' language performance in two different groups - group 1 whose classes followed the textbook and group 2 which was exposed to Task Based lessons. Additionally, this research tried to understand the relationship of this test to the methodological approach used for second language teaching. Moreover, taking a more qualitative stance, this study aimed at unfolding students' perceptions of the Task-Test in terms of it being an appropriate tool for measuring their L2 acquisition. Thirty two participants divided in two groups completed the Task-Test and responded to a profile and a post task questionnaire. Research data were scrutinized qualitatively and quantitatively. As for comparing the participants' writing performance in terms of accuracy, complexity and outcome achievement, independent T-tests were run. As regards unfolding students? perception of the Task-Test, a qualitative appraisal of students' answers was made. The results of this study indicated lack of statistical significance for both accuracy and complexity measures and approached significance for the outcome measure. In relation to the questionnaires, learners' answers demonstrated that the students were able to identify task elements in the Task-Test and used these characteristics to explain why they considered the test an effective tool for measuring their L2 performance. Based on the results from both quantitative and qualitative analyses, emphasis on the importance of a coherent approach for teaching and testing may be suggested. Furthermore, the Task-Test was considered a constructive and positive tool for communicative assessment.
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Crane, Megan E. "The Effects of Task Autonomy and Task Interest on Goal-Setting Behavior and Task Performance." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1345220371.
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Richardson, Miles. "Identifying the task variables that affect assembly task complexity." Thesis, University of Derby, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/200012.
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Jenks, Christopher Joseph. "Task-based interaction : the interactional and sequential organization of task-as-workplan and task-in-process." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/241.
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This thesis investigates the interactional properties and sequential organization of tasks. The analysis is framed around the notion that tasks can be investigated from a task as- workplan or task-in-process perspective. However, past and current interpretations of tasks have been taken primarily from a task-as-workplan perspective. The point of departure for this thesis is not only the emphasis put on task-in-process, but also the reconciliation of both perspectives. That is, this thesis examines whether a task does what it is claimed to do. The difference between what is planned, and what occurs, is at the heart of construct validity. This assumption will be investigated by analyzing the relationship between task-as-workplan and turn-taking and repair. The findings demonstrate that although task-as-workplan can influence interaction, the decision to talk in a particular way or form occurs during task-in-process. Specifically, the participatory structure of tasks, which distributes referential information to tasktakers, limits turn-taking and repair opportunities. For example, the ability to initiate and maintain the floor in tasks is largely dependent on the amount of information each tasktaker is provided. Despite this influence, considerable task-in-process variation occurs. It is later claimed that in order to provide a comprehensive picture of task-based interaction, both perspectives must be taken into consideration. This requires researchers to adopt a more holistic and detailed approach to the investigation of task-based interaction.
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Kübler, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Investigating Task-Order Coordination in Dual-Task Situations / Sebastian Kübler." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234451123/34.
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Surdel, Nicholas. "Examining Dual-Task Cognitive Processing From A Task-Set Perspective." W&M ScholarWorks, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1627047820.
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Despite decades of empirical investigation, there remains active debate about the limitations to dual-task processing. The primary aim of the present research was to determine the roles of attentional and response-set components of task-set in dual-task processing. Through three experiments, we explored the relationships between attentional- and response-set switching in the context of a classic dual-task paradigm. Experiment I (N = 68) validated our novel integration of a dual-task task-switching paradigm. Experiment II (N = 64) replicated and extended Experiment I by integrating a single task subsection of the procedure. Finally, Experiment III (N = 23) integrated electroencephalographic measures of the P3 and lateralized readiness potential (LRP) in attempts to further our understanding of these complex cognitive functions. Results support the robustness of the psychological refractory phenomenon and task-switching resource costs. Evidence supports that both attentional task-set and response-set components possess unique variance in reaction times. Further, the data suggests that attentional task-set selection processing does not allow for parallel processing. Electrophysiological evidence fails to falsify the proposed attentional task-set bottleneck theory. Implications of these results address contemporary disagreements and inconsistencies in the extant literature.
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Strickland, Paul. "Task oriented robotics." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1993. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/task-oriented-robotics(2d98c551-7b7d-4dcf-ad19-23b0c5c060ee).html.
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An alternative between product dedicated automation and general purpose robots is presented. with the new approach a given robot is customised to fulfil the requirements of the manufacturing tasks to be automated, is programmed in terms of production tasks or can be truly automated. This allows exploitation of the natural relationship between production tasks and robot systems. Current construction of industrial robots relies on a one-to-one relationship between robot and controller. The perceived way forward with this constraint has been the functionally related general purpose Industrial Robot. paradoxically, industrial robots are 'bolted' to task specific environments which have fixed repertoires of materials and tools to act upon. Computer integration of these functional machines involves human interaction to constrain the general purpose robots to relatively simple production tasks. This increases the overall cost, levels of expertise required to program the robots and lead-times in reprogramming. Unquestionably these factors have led to a reluctance towards exploitation of industrial robots. The research undertaken endeavoured to provide an alternative to this method of automation. The research completed allows robots to be programmed in terms of production tasks and dissolves the necessity to specifically design a robot controller for a given robot configuration. A modular robotic framework which consists of a number of generic modules has been employed. A loosely coupled transputer computer network has been implemented to encompass task, robot coordination and robot axis levels. At task level a 'production orientated programming environment' reflects the corresponding manual production activities. Information is gathered from this environment to allow 'task related rules' to be formulated. These 'task rules' have been utilised to fully automate, allowing product specifications to be translated to machine actions. The robot coordination level translates global coordinates to joint actions. A set of closed loop inverse kinematic equations have been generalised to ensure that the robot controller is not dependent upon a given robotic structure. These generic equations are customised to the localised constraints of each modular robotic element of the robot structure. Robust axis control is utilised to decouple robot control at joint level. 'Mix-and match' hardware and software techniques have been created which facilitate customisation of a given robot axis, and in turn, the ascending levels of the system. Hardware design capitalised on new advances in compact components which allowed self contained modular robotics elements to be formed.
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Panepinto, Marie. "The Effects of Voluntary versus Forced Task Switching on Task Performance." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10292009-105633/.
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Research on task switching has focused on the relatively well known task switching cost, usually defined as an increase in RT on a trial directly following a switch. Two main issues with previous studies suggest that their results may not be applicable to real world scenarios; one, that they typically use short and arbitrary tasks in comparison to real work situations and two, that the vast majority force participants to switch rather than allowing them to do so voluntarily, as is common in the workplace. The current experiment utilized two longer lasting tasks (document proofreading and a Sudoku puzzle) to more closely resemble real world sitations and four task switching groups. One group switched voluntarily, one was forced without warning, one was forced with a cue that a switch would be coming, and one served as a no switch control group. Performance, reaction time, and mental workload (NASA-TLX) were measured. Task switch group produced no differential effects on these variables, and no task switching cost was found. Though the hypothesis were not met, these results lend support to the notion that previous lab studies may not adequately resemble real world scenarios and that micromanaging small tasks, and switching between comparatively longer lasting tasks may not be the same thing. More research on this area may help to produce a better understanding of why people task switch and what they experience cognitively when they do so.
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Elander, Aman Johan, and Aleksandar Sekulic. "Characterization of Task-based Benchmarks from the Barcelona OpenMP Task Suite." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128610.
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The parallel programming community is witnessing two main trends - the growing popularity of task-based programming models and the growing complexity of multicore hardware. In order to see how these two trends fit each other, it is important to characterize the behavior of task-based benchmarks on modern multicore hardware. Besides leading to benchmark design optimizations, such characterization enables making educated tradeoffs in the design of task-handling middleware such as compilers and runtime systems. In this thesis work, we characterize task-based benchmarks from the Barcelona OpenMP Tasks Suite (BOTS) at the task-level. We focus on two aspects: how does the task scheduler fare in handling programmer exposed parallelism, and how does the task decomposition make use of the hardware memory hierarchy. Our characterization considers two diverse multicore architectures - one built for server systems, and the other for embedded systems. With respect to middleware, we consider GCC’s implementation of OpenMP tasks. Our contributions are two-fold. First, we complement existing thread and application level characterization of BOTS benchmarks with a finer task and memory hierarchy level characterization. Next, we identify BOTS performance bottlenecks and optimize Sort and FFT benchmarks to reduce their execution time by a factor 2 and 1.65 respectively on the server architecture.
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Vladimir, Popović. "Razvoj modela za organizaciju taksi transporta putnika." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110904&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Model za organizaciju taksi transporta putnika baziran je nadefinisanju generalisanih troškova u funkciji ostvarenja prihoda.Simplifikacijom postupka analize sistema taksi transporta grada,omogućeno je brže utvrđivanje optimalnog broja taksi vozila lokalnogtaksi tržišta. Optimalan broj taksivozila predstavlja prvi korak kapostavljanju „zdravih odnosa“ između svih činioca sistema taksitransporta u gradovima i omogoćuje ostvarenje reproduktivnesposobnosti operatera. Konstantnim praćenjem navedenih parametara(generalisanih troškova i prihoda sistema), omogućeno je održavanjeravnoteže između ponude i tražnje u sistemu taksi transporta putnika.The model for the organization of taxi transport of passengers is based ondefining the generated costs in the function of realized revenue. By simplifyingthe procedure for analyzing the city taxi taxi system, it is possible to determinethe optimal number of taxis of the local taxi market. The optimum number oftaxis is the first step towards the establishment of "healthy relationships"between all the operators of the taxi transport system in cities and enables theoperator's reproductive ability to be achieved. Constant monitoring of theseparameters (generated costs and system revenues), the balance betweensupply and demand in the taxi transport system is maintained, which is thebasis of the quality organization of this system in cities.
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Carroll, James Lamond. "Task Localization, Similarity, and Transfer; Towards a Reinforcement Learning Task Library System." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd901.pdf.
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Whiting, Wythe Lawler IV. "Influence of age, retrieval task, and working memory on dual-task performance." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28566.
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Houtman, George Matthew. "Task/media interaction as a result of task demands and media richness /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Nicholas, Joshua Stephen. "Examination of Taxi Travel Patterns in Arlington County." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32606.
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This research focuses on utilizing the typically overlooked taxi manifest data to analyze taxi operations with respect to transit, and also presents alternative uses for the data in transportation planning. Taxi travel characteristics are explored for Arlington, Virginia, a county containing both urban and suburban qualities. Previous research contends that manifest data can provide valuable quantitative descriptors of taxi travel. This thesis attempts to describe taxi travel by quantifying trip characteristics; the shortcomings of using manifest data are discussed and the results are reported. The taxi operations results are then compared for weekend and weekday travel and also for airport and non-airport bound travel. Several key differences between these groups of taxi trips are discussed.
Next, an investigation of the relationship between mass transit facilities and taxi travel is conducted. Because taxis provide a complementary yet competing public transportation service to mass transit, it is hypothesized that examining the proximity to transit options and the timing of taxi trips can provide insight to the perceived gaps in mass transit services. However, the data show that simply examining geographic or temporal characteristics of taxi trips does not define clear relationships between transit facilities and taxi use. Instead, the results suggest that other variables such as land use and vehicle access may hold a greater influence over the generation of taxi trips.
Despite the difficulty in using manifest data to determine gaps in transit, the data collected by taxi regulators could have numerous applications for planners. Possible applications for the type of taxi data used in this research are explored and a potential data flow for agencies is proposed.Master of Science
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Mailhe, Maxime. "Batch processing task optimization." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11893.
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Sage, Kingsley. "Task based visual control." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439890.
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Wauquier, Pauline. "Task driven representation learning." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30005/document.
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De nombreux algorithmes d'Apprentissage automatique ont été proposés afin de résoudre les différentes tâches pouvant être extraites des problèmes de prédiction issus d'un contexte réel. Pour résoudre les différentes tâches pouvant être extraites, la plupart des algorithmes d'Apprentissage automatique se basent d'une manière ou d'une autre sur des relations liant les instances. Les relations entre paires d'instances peuvent être définies en calculant une distance entre les représentations vectorielles des instances. En se basant sur la représentation vectorielle des données, aucune des distances parmi celles communément utilisées n'est assurée d'être représentative de la tâche à résoudre. Dans ce document, nous étudions l'intérêt d'adapter la représentation vectorielle des données à la distance utilisée pour une meilleure résolution de la tâche. Nous nous concentrons plus précisément sur l'algorithme existant résolvant une tâche de classification en se basant sur un graphe. Nous décrivons d'abord un algorithme apprenant une projection des données dans un espace de représentation permettant une résolution, basée sur un graphe, optimale de la classification. En projetant les données dans un espace de représentation dans lequel une distance préalablement définie est représentative de la tâche, nous pouvons surpasser la représentation vectorielle des données lors de la résolution de la tâche. Une analyse théorique de l'algorithme décrit est développée afin de définir les conditions assurant une classification optimale. Un ensemble d'expériences nous permet finalement d'évaluer l'intérêt de l'approche introduite et de nuancer l'analyse théoriqueMachine learning proposes numerous algorithms to solve the different tasks that can be extracted from real world prediction problems. To solve the different concerned tasks, most Machine learning algorithms somehow rely on relationships between instances. Pairwise instances relationships can be obtained by computing a distance between the vectorial representations of the instances. Considering the available vectorial representation of the data, none of the commonly used distances is ensured to be representative of the task that aims at being solved. In this work, we investigate the gain of tuning the vectorial representation of the data to the distance to more optimally solve the task. We more particularly focus on an existing graph-based algorithm for classification task. An algorithm to learn a mapping of the data in a representation space which allows an optimal graph-based classification is first introduced. By projecting the data in a representation space in which the predefined distance is representative of the task, we aim at outperforming the initial vectorial representation of the data when solving the task. A theoretical analysis of the introduced algorithm is performed to define the conditions ensuring an optimal classification. A set of empirical experiments allows us to evaluate the gain of the introduced approach and to temper the theoretical analysis
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Shakhnarovich, Gregory. "Learning task-specific similarity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36138.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-147).
The right measure of similarity between examples is important in many areas of computer science. In particular it is a critical component in example-based learning methods. Similarity is commonly defined in terms of a conventional distance function, but such a definition does not necessarily capture the inherent meaning of similarity, which tends to depend on the underlying task. We develop an algorithmic approach to learning similarity from examples of what objects are deemed similar according to the task-specific notion of similarity at hand, as well as optional negative examples. Our learning algorithm constructs, in a greedy fashion, an encoding of the data. This encoding can be seen as an embedding into a space, where a weighted Hamming distance is correlated with the unknown similarity. This allows us to predict when two previously unseen examples are similar and, importantly, to efficiently search a very large database for examples similar to a query. This approach is tested on a set of standard machine learning benchmark problems. The model of similarity learned with our algorithm provides and improvement over standard example-based classification and regression. We also apply this framework to problems in computer vision: articulated pose estimation of humans from single images, articulated tracking in video, and matching image regions subject to generic visual similarity.
by Gregory Shakhnarovich.
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Brand, Sarah Louise. "Task switching and distractibility." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444120/.
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In this thesis I examined the effects of task switching on people's ability to ignore irrelevant distractors. Load theory proposes that distractor interference critically depends on the availability of executive control to minimise the effects of irrelevant stimuli (e.g. Lavie, 2000). Much work on task switching suggests that task switching demands executive control in order to prepare for and implement a switch between tasks (e.g. Monsell, 2003 Rubinstein, Meyer, & Evans, 2001). I therefore hypothesised that the executive demand of a task switch will result in reduced ability to reject irrelevant distractors in selective attention tasks. The research reported provided support for this hypothesis by showing that task switching results in greater distractor interference as measured with the "flanker task" (e.g. Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974) and with the attentional capture task (e.g. Theeuwes, 1990), even when there was no overlap between the stimuli and responses for the two tasks, and when task-repeated and switch trials were presented within the same block (in AAABBB designs). This research also showed that dissociable executive demands were involved in switching tasks (AAABBB), compared with mixing tasks (ABAB versus AAA), and these executive demands were found to control rejection of distractors in the flanker task and attentional capture task, respectively. In addition, task switching reduced internal distraction by task-unrelated thoughts. The contrast between the effects of task switching on internal versus external sources of distraction further supported the involvement of executive control in task switching. Finally, individual differences in operational span capacity predicted the magnitude of task switching costs and flanker interference effects, suggesting the involvement of executive control in both abilities. Overall, this research highlights a new consequence of task switching on selective attention and distractibility, supporting predictions derived from prevalent views on the role of executive control in task switching and selective attention.
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Toivola, H. (Heta). "Kaksivuotiaiden lasten sanaston taso." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201504021306.
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Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli tutkia kaksivuotiaiden kielellisesti tyypillisesti kehittyneiden lasten ymmärtävän ja tuottavan sanaston tasoa. Tutkimus toteutettiin osana Cost Action IS804 Language Impairment in a Multilingual Society: Linguistic Patterns and the Road to Assessment -tutkimushanketta.
Tutkimukseen osallistui 22 kaksivuotiasta lasta. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin hankkeessa kehitettyä kuvasanavarastotestiä (Haman, Luniewska & Pomiechowska, painossa; Kunnari, 2012). Kuvasanavarastotesti koostui ymmärtävää ja tuottavaa sanastoa mittaavista osioista, jotka oli jaettu edelleen substantiivien ja verbien osioihin. Pisteytyksessä noudatettiin testin ohjeistusta. Sanaston tasoa arvioitiin sekä kokonaisuutena että ymmärtävän ja tuottavan sanaston osioita erikseen. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin substantiivien ja verbien hallinnan tasoa. Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin myös vanhempien koulutustason ja lapsen sanaston tason välistä yhteyttä.
Tulokset osoittivat, että kaksivuotiaiden lasten sanaston taso oli vielä yksilöllisesti vaihtelevaa. Lasten ymmärtävän sanaston hallinta oli varmempaa kuin tuottavan sanaston hallinta. Sen lisäksi substantiivien hallinta oli verbien hallintaa varmempaa niin ymmärtävän kuin tuottavan sanaston osioissa. Tuloksista havaittiin, että 2;0–2;3 ja 2;8–2;11 ikäisten välillä oli tilastollisesti merkitsevä ero sekä ymmärtävän sanaston tasossa kokonaisuudessaan että verbien ymmärtämisen tasossa. Lapsen sanaston tason ja vanhempien koulutustason välillä ei havaittu tilastollisesti merkitsevää yhteyttä.
Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että kaksivuotiaana ymmärtävän ja tuottavan sanaston tason välillä on eroa. Myös sanaston koostumuksessa on eroa ja lapset hallitsevat substantiiveja paremmin kuin verbejä. Lisäksi voidaan todeta iän vaikuttavan lapsen suoriutumiseen kuvasanavarastotestistä. Tämän tutkimuksen tuloksista saadaan tietoa siitä, miten suomalaiset kaksivuotiaat lapset keskimäärin suoriutuvat tutkimuksessa käytetystä kuvasanavarastotestistä. Tutkimusaineiston pienen koon vuoksi tuloksia voidaan pitää suuntaa antavina.
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Cárdenas, Gamboa Karol Ivette, Loayza Diego Paolo Diestra, Romani Dics Macs Falcon, and Remigio Kelly Gianela Hidalgo. "Aplicativo de Taxi Colectivo "Habla, Vas"." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653141.
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El proyecto que presentamos en este trabajo, al cual decidimos llamar "Habla, Vas", consiste en un sistema de conexión mediante información relevante de demanda y oferta entre personas que necesiten movilizarse en un taxi colectivo a través de las principales rutas de la ciudad y colectiveros que necesiten generar mayores ingresos en estas rutas con mayor afluencia de tráfico en Lima.
La idea de negocio parte de la necesidad de los autores por movilizarnos rápido, seguro y fácil por la ciudad, sin utilizar medios de transporte públicos que hacen que la experiencia de viajar sea incómoda, por la alta demanda del servicio y poca oferta.
Esta situación, que se presenta a diario en miles de limeños, puede ser solucionado mediante una aplicación que simplifique el proceso de intercambio de información y nos evite caer en situaciones incómodas a las que los taxis colectivos tradicionales nos exponen. Asimismo, luego de la evaluación financiera preliminar del proyecto, notamos que el mismo tiene un potencial de rentabilidad altamente explotable, que constituye una oportunidad inmejorable para ser los primeros en este segmento, logrando lo que en su momento consiguió empresas como Uber o Globo.
Además, se requiere una inversión relativamente pequeña frente a un negocio convencional y será totalmente accesible a través de las tiendas de Android y Apple. Finalmente, este proyecto será nuestra mejor carta de presentación e ingreso en el mundo de los negocios para nuestros futuros proyectos, ya que hemos recabado la información necesaria para entender la operación de ellos.The project that we present in this document, which we decided to call "Habla, Vas", consists of a connection system through relevant information of demand and supply, between people who need to move in a group through the main routes of the city and groups who need to generate income on these routes with the highest traffic flow in Lima. The business idea stems from the authors' need to move quickly, safely and easily around the city, without using public means of transport that make traveling uncomfortable, due to the high demand for the service and low supply. This situation, which occurs daily in thousands of Lima, can be solved through by the application that simplifies the process of information exchange and prevents us from falling into uncomfortable situations to which traditional groups expose us. Likewise, after the preliminary financial evaluation of the project, we note that it has a highly exploitable profitability potential, which constitutes an unbeatable opportunity to be the first in the segment, achieving what companies such as Uber or Globo achieved at the time. Also, a relatively small investment is required compared to a conventional business and will be fully accessible through Android and Apple stores. Finally, this project will be our best letter of introduction and entry into the business world for our future projects, since we have collected the necessary information to understand their operation.
Trabajo de investigación
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Ard, Michael Colin. "On the origin of a response time underadditivity by means of cross-modal task switching, or the redundancy of operations in the configuration of task sets for cross-modal shifts." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3366481.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 20, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-184).
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Halvorson, Kimberly Mae. "What causes dual-task costs?" Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1331.
Full textAbstract:
Why are dual-task costs reduced with ideomotor (IM) compatible tasks (see e.g. Greenwald & Shulman, 1973)? In a series of experiments, I tested the way in which task structure affects dual-task performance (Halvorson et al., 2012). The results suggest that in some cases, typical dual-task costs arise from task structure rather than response limitations. Further examination of this question has shown that dual-task costs cannot be predicted solely on the basis of the relationship between the stimuli and the responses; the relationship between the tasks, or the task pairing, plays a critical role in whether the tasks overlap and performance is impaired. A series of experiments using novel task pairings showed that when one task uses a spatial central code and the other uses a verbal central code, dual-task costs are eliminated.
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Malicka, Aleksandra. "The Role of Task Complexity and Task Sequencing in L2 Monologic Oral Production." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285587.
Full textAbstract:
In the domain of task-based language teaching (TBLT), researchers have long been interested in exploring the impact of internal task features and conditions on a range of outcomes, such as the occurrence and frequency of conversational episodes (between-participant interaction), interlanguage variation at a particular point in time (performance), and interlanguage transformation over time (development). In the cognitive strand of TBLT explorations, most of the theorizing, and subsequent empirical work, have been guided by the notion of cognitive task complexity, and two particularly influential frameworks have been the Trade-off Hypothesis (Skehan, 1996a, 1998) and the Cognition Hypothesis (Robinson, 2001, 2003). An area which received particular interest from researchers has been determining whether universal task design features exist which systematically influence learners’ interlanguage in predictable ways. However, most research carried to date has focused solely on the impact of task complexity by employing a dichotomy of hypothetically simple and complex tasks, rather than a sequence of tasks. Moreover, in the TBLT domain the role of individual differences, for example L2 proficiency, has been a largely underrepresented construct in both conceptual and empirical work.
Given this state of affairs, the objective of the current study was three-fold. First, it aimed to contribute further evidence to the role of task complexity on performance, as measured by general and specific fluency, complexity, and accuracy measures. Second, by employing three tasks of different cognitive complexity levels, rather than a dichotomy, it set out to explore short-term effects of simple-complex task sequencing. Third, it enquired about the role of L2 proficiency by investigating the production of two groups of participants at different stages of competence, as identified through a placement test.
In order to address the aforementioned issues, three tasks of different cognitive complexity levels were developed, identified through Needs Analysis (Long, 2005, 2006), and validated by means of participants’ subjective ratings. Cognitive complexity in these tasks was manipulated along two variables form Robinson’s (2005, 2007) Triadic Componential Framework: ±number of elements,
and ±reasoning demands. The participants in the study (N=117), were divided into three groups: 1) simple—complex sequencing (N=30), 2) randomized sequencing (N=30), and 3) individual task performance, in which different speakers performed
the tasks in its simple, complex, and very complex condition (N=18, N=19, and N=20, respectively). In the sequencing groups, half of the participants were classified as “low proficiency” and half as “high proficiency”.
The results of the dissertation have contributed further evidence to the role of cognitive task complexity on performance, with accuracy and lexical complexity being the areas which have shown an increase when task demands were high. The findings revealed a potential role of simple-complex sequencing in promoting more target-like output, but at the same time it was demonstrated that tasks performed in alternative orders presented advantages in other areas of performance: speech rate and lexical complexity. Regarding proficiency, while high proficiency speakers took advantage of increases in cognitive complexity in terms of accuracy, low proficiency speakers did so at the level of structural complexity. The findings obtained were discussed in light of the theoretical task complexity and sequencing models which have guided this work, as well as in light of speech production attention allocation models, and where possible, they were contextualized in light of previous work.En el área de la enseñanza basada en tareas pedagógicas (TBLT), los investigadores se han interesado por el impacto de las características internas de las tareas sobre la interacción entre los aprendices, la producción en la segunda lengua, y la adquisición. En la línea cognitiva, la investigación conceptual y empírica ha sido guiada por la idea de la complejidad cognitiva de las tareas, Trade-off Hypothesis (Skehan, 1996a, 1998) y Cognition Hypothesis (Robinson, 2001, 2003) siendo los marcos teóricos particularmente influyentes. Una parte substancial de las investigaciones se ha centrado en determinar si existen características universales en el diseño de las tareas que influyen en la interlengua de manera sistemática. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios realizados hasta ahora han investigado el impacto de la complejidad cognitiva en dos tareas diseñadas como simples y complejas, es decir, una dicotomía, y no una secuencia de tareas. Además, en el área de TBLT el papel de las diferencias individuales, tales como la proficiencia en la segunda lengua, no ha recibido suficiente atención tanto en la investigación teórica como en la empírica. El objetivo del presente estudio es llenar estos huecos investigando la producción moderada por la complejidad cognitiva de la tarea, la secuenciación de las tareas, y la proficiencia en la segunda lengua. Se desarrolló una secuencia de tres tareas, cuya complejidad cognitiva fue manipulada a través de dos variables de Triadic Componential Framework (Robinson, 2005, 2007): ±número de elementos y ±razonamiento. Los participantes en el presente estudio (N=117) fueron divididos en tres grupos: secuenciación de simple a compleja (N=30), secuenciación aleatoria (N=30), y 3) producción individual de tareas, en la cual diferentes participantes realizaron las tareas en su condición simple, compleja, y muy compleja (N=18, N=19, y N=20, respectivamente). En los grupos que realizaron secuencias de tareas, la mitad de los participantes fueron clasificados como de “proficiencia baja” y la otra mitad como de “proficiencia alta”. Se demostró que el aumento cognitivo llevó a más precisión y complejidad lingüística, lo cual confirma los resultados de la investigación previa. Los resultados también revelaron un posible papel de la secuenciación de simple a compleja en promover la precisión lingüística. En cuanto al efecto de la proficiencia, mientras que la complejidad cognitiva benefició a los participantes de proficiencia alta en el área de la precisión lingüística, en el otro grupo fue el caso en el área de complejidad estructural.
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Vasylets, Olena. "Task-Modality Effects: A Study of Task Complexity Effects in Speech and Writing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404299.
Full textAbstract:
One of the major areas of interest in task-based language learning and teaching (TBLT) has been the psycholinguistically-oriented strand, which explores the way in which task design may interact with second language (L2) learners` cognitive response in creating distinct opportunities for L2 learning and use. The main appeal of TBLT ideas is that a language task is presented as a manageable and, at the same time, powerful tool of instruction and research. What is necessary, however, is a clear understanding of the manner in which different task characteristics might affect learners` performance and development.
There are two major theoretical frameworks which provide an account of the purported effects of task features on L2 learning and use. These theoretical models have been developed by Peter Robinson (the Cognition Hypothesis. Robinson, 2011a) and Peter Skehan (the Trade-off Hypothesis, Skehan, 1998, 2009). The main construct of interest in both models is the construct of task complexity. Skehan and Robinson define this construct in a slightly different ways and they also make somewhat different predictions about the effects that task complexity might have on L2 products and processes. Robinson`s and Skehan`s predictions have been put to the empirical test and this research has produced mixed results. In addition, as the models have been created to account primarily for oral production, it is still an empirical question whether or not the predictions made by the two models can also be applied to written performance. In other words, it is still unknown whether or not task complexity produces the same effects in
speech and in writing. Moreover, mode (oral versus written) by itself may constitute an important task feature that can condition language use and learning opportunities.
At a more general level, it is also the case that current understanding of the idiosyncrasy of the language-learning potential of oral and written tasks is limited. Given this state of affairs, the objective of the current dissertation is twofold. Our first aim (operationalized as our first research question) is to explore whether or not L2 linguistic performance is different when the same task is performed in speech and in writing. Our second aim (corresponding to our second research question) is to investigate any potential effects of increasing task complexity in oral production as compared to written production. In terms of task complexity manipulations, we employed the Cognition Hypothesis as a theoretical framework and we specifically investigated the impact of the resource-directing variable of reasoning demands on L2 performance, which was operationalized as complexity, accuracy and time on task. To answer our research questions, we conducted a study with 78 participants who were Catalan/Spanish learners of English as a foreign language. Half of the participants performed the simple and complex versions of an argumentative, instruction-giving task orally, the other half did it in writing. In the analysis, we compared speakers` and writers` performance in terms of linguistic (lexical and structural) complexity, propositional complexity (operationalized as idea units), accuracy, and time on task. Our results revealed marked differences between oral and written production. Thus, we found that speakers produced more idea units, while writers achieved higher scores for subordination, mean length of analysis-of-speech units, lexical diversity, extended idea units, and time on task. As for the effects of task complexity, the participants’ written production showed more variation between the complex and the simple versions of the task. Changes in the written production also showed a better fit to the theoretical predictions advanced in the Cognition Hypothesis.Una de les línies principals de l’àrea de l’ensenyament basat en les tasques pedagògiques (TBLT) és la línia psicolingüística. Aquesta línia explora com el disseny de les tasques interactua amb la resposta cognitiva dels aprenents creant diverses oportunitats per l’ús i aprenentatge de la llengua. La modalitat (oral i escrita) també pot constituir un característica de la tasca que pot influir amb l’ús de la llengua i les oportunitats d’aprenentatge. És important destacar que hi ha una manca coneixement sobre la singularitat del potencial de l’aprenentatge de les tasques orals i escrites. Aquesta dissertació té dos objectius. El primer objectiu és explorar si la producció lingüística és diferent en una tasca oral i escrita. El segon objectiu és comparar els efectes de la complexitat cognitiva de la tasca en la producció oral i escrita. Per complir aquests dos objectius s’ha dut a terme un experiment amb 78 participants (natius catalans i castellans) dels quals estaven aprenent anglès com a segona llengua. La meitat dels participants han realitzat les versions simple i complexa de la tasca de manera oral i la meitat restant ha realitzat les mateixes tasques per escrit. Hem trobat que els participants que han fet la tasca de manera oral han produït més idees però cal esmentar que els participants que ho han fet de manera escrita han produït textos amb més subordinació, diversitat lèxica, idees més complexes, unitats lingüístiques més llargues i amb un temps més llarg per l’execució de la tasca. En relació amb els efectes de la complexitat cognitiva de la tasca hem trobat que en la producció escrita havia més varietat entre la versió simple i complexa de la tasca. Els resultats obtinguts van ser contrastats amb recerca prèvia i interpretats en el context dels marcs teòrics pels quals està guiada aquesta dissertació.
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Jehu, Deborah. "The Effects of Dual-Task Training on Dual-Task Skills in Older Adults." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36544.
Full textAbstract:
It is well established that aging is associated with numerous health concerns, including poor balance. Deteriorations in attention demand also place older adults at a greater risk for falls. Emerging experiments have explored the impact of dual-task training programs and have improved dual-tasking in older adults. However, it is unknown whether these performance-related improvements are a function of the intervention itself or the repeated exposure to the testing protocol. Study 1 explored the implications of repeated administration, once per week for 5 weeks, of a protocol involving standing postural sway while concurrently performing reaction time (RT) tasks in older adults. Results revealed that postural sway was stable across testing sessions whereas the difficult RT task gradually improved over time. Study 2 examined the influence of repeated exposure, once per week for 5 weeks, of a protocol involving negotiating a series of obstacles while performing RT tasks in older adults. Participants walked significantly faster with repeated exposure and gradually improved RT. Study 3 investigated the impact of repeated exposure, once per week for 5 weeks, to three functional mobility measures in older adults. It also examined the influence of a 12-week balance and mobility training (BMT) program as well as a 12-week balance and mobility plus cognitive training (BMT+C) program on functional mobility in older adults. Functional mobility served to be stable over time. Both the BMT and BMT+C groups significantly improved functional mobility and sustained these improvements at the 12-week follow-up, while no changes were observed in the control group. No differences between the BMT and BMT+C groups emerged. Experiment 4 examined the influence of BMT and BMT+C on postural sway and RT in older adults. Participants in both training groups significantly improved RT and sustained these improvements at the follow-up, while no changes were observed in the control group. No changes to postural control were shown in any group. No differences between the BMT and BMT+C groups emerged. Experiment 5 examined the influence of BMT and BMT+C on negotiating a series of obstacles while performing RT tasks in older adults. Both the BMT and BMT+C groups significantly improved RT and sustained these improvements at the follow-up, while no changes were observed in the control group. All groups showed faster time to completion of the obstacle series. No differences between the BMT and BMT+C groups emerged. Collectively, these findings suggest that BMT and BMT+C significantly improve functional mobility and divided attention, and sustain these improvements over time. Although some improvements were observed after repeated exposure over 5 weeks, no changes in the control group were observed. Therefore, the improvements exhibited from BMT and BMT+C are likely not a function of repeated exposure to the testing protocol, as participants may be more susceptible to performance-related improvements when the testing sessions are close in proximity. Altogether, these findings propose that, whether or not cognitive training is included, attention demanding dual-task training not only improves functional mobility and RT, but also sustains these improvements over time in older adults. These results may be used to improve the prescription of exercise in older adults.
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Geng, Xu. "The effects of participatory structure and task type in task-based language teaching." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521991.
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Dunham, Douglas N. "The task-evoked pupillary response and information processing during a dichotic shadowing task." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/459122.
Full textAbstract:
It was the purpose of the present study to determine the shape of the TEPR function during a dichotic shadowing task when the imposed work load is beyond the capability of the subject.It was hypothesized that as the task became increasingly difficult, the plotted functions of the maximum TEPR and words/s produced would start out small, increase rapidly, then level off or decrease reflecting the amount of information processing actually done. Ratings of subjectively perceived effort would also follow this pattern, whereas ratings of perceived task difficulty would continue to increase. Analyses were performed on mixed between-subjects and within-subjects designs using Two-way Analyses of Variance for repeated measures. The Newman-Keuls Procedure was used for all post-hoc comparisons.The results clearly demonstrated that the maximum TEPR reflects information actually being processed rather than the imposed difficulty of the task. Subjective ratings of perceived effort appear to reflect the same. The TEPR is not a good indicator of perceived task difficulty since ratings of task difficulty continued to increase after the TEPR leveled off.
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Kilisch, Markus. "Quantitative analysis of protein-protein interactions governing TASK-1/TASK-3 intracellular transport." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-87D8-0.
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Adler, Julia. "Tactile spatial attention in the human EEG influences of task difficulty and task relevance." Leipzig Leipziger Univ.-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998741752/04.
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Kotzev, Shmuel. "Hierarchical task decomposition and execution for robot manipulation task using a wrist force sensor." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29627.
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The research developed force-motion strategies and subsequent force and position control algorithms, using a PUMA 560 robot arm and its original controller. A task decomposition
methodology has been developed that enables a mechanical assembly task to be subdivided into a series of executable subtasks. By applying this methodology to the assembly of a hydraulic gear pump, a library of special purpose, task oriented, subtask programs were created. Most of these programs, though derived for a pump assembly task, are applicable (when used with appropriate parameters) to other assembly tasks.
Most of the algorithms require force/torque sensory information that is supplied by a JR³ wrist force sensor. The force control algorithms use that data and system compliance in order to produce new position instructions that are transferred to the controller of the arm. The logic of the control law and system behaviour when contacting the environment, were checked, using the dynamics and compliance of a simplified structure of a robotic arm and its wrist sensor.
A demonstration of the pump assembly task, using the arm, force sensor, controller and the derived library algorithms is an integral part of the thesis.Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Merlo, Kelsey L. "Attentional pull: the off-task pull of emotions and on-task pull of goals." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53541.
Full textAbstract:
The allocation of attentional resources to a focal task can influence performance on that task, but within-person changes in allocation policy is typically understudied. This study investigates the off-task pull of emotional experiences and the competing on-task pull of goals. Emotional experience was manipulated using an ostracizing event and goals were experimenter-assigned. The results did not support the off-task pull of emotional experiences or the on-task pull of goals. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Abitbol, Alan. "Effects of Task Evaluation Knowledge and Leadership Style on Employee Attitude Toward a Task." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3940.
Full textAbstract:
Ideally, an employee will attempt to perform a task at his or her best ability in order to complete a work task appropriately. However, there are several factors that affect how an employee approaches a task. Two such factors are the understanding an employee has on how his or her supervisor may evaluate performance of the task and the supervisor's leadership style. This study focuses on the effect task evaluation knowledge (TEK) and different leadership styles have on an employee's attitude toward performing a task. By using a 2x2 (transformational/transactional leadership by limited/increased amount of information communicated) experiment, participants were tested on the degree to which their attitude changes based on TEK and leadership style. Results, based on ANOVA testing and regression analysis, indicated that leadership styles had the most direct effects on a participant's attitude toward a task. Specifically, transformational leadership styles had a positive effect on all attitude measures toward a task while transactional leadership styles had a negative effect on the attitude measures. Also, TEK did not show any significance toward attitudes. Implications of these results for future research on measuring attitudes toward a task in the workplace are provided.
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Karth, Stephen T. "A Comparison of a Traditional Ranking-Task and a Drag-and-Drop Ranking Task." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1304030775.
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Szabo, Anita M. "Students’ Task-related Perceptions and Task Engagement in the ESL Classroom through Qualitative Lenses." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406880509.
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Febrian, Andreas. "Senior Computer Science Students’ Task and Revised Task Interpretation While Engaged in Programming Endeavor." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7219.
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Developing a computer program is not an easy task. Studies reported that a large number of computer science students decided to change their major due to the extreme challenge in learning programming. Fortunately, studies also reported that learning various self-regulation strategies may help students to continue studying computer science. This study is interested in assessing students’ self-regulation, in specific their task understanding and its revision during programming endeavors. Task understanding is specifically selected because it affects the entire programming endeavor.
In this qualitative case study, two female and two male senior computer science students were voluntarily recruited as research participants. They were asked to think aloud while answering five programming problems. Before solving the problem, they had to explain their understanding of the task and after that answer some questions related to their problem-solving process. The participants’ problem-solving process were video and audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed.
This study found that the participants’ were capable of tailoring their problem-solving approach to the task types, including when understanding the tasks. Given enough time, the participants can understand the problem correctly. When the task is complicated, the participants will gradually update their understanding during the problem-solving endeavor. Some situations may have prevented the participants from understanding the task correctly, including overconfidence, being overwhelmed, utilizing an inappropriate presentation technique, or drawing knowledge from irrelevant experience. Last, the participants tended to be inexperienced in managing unfavorable outcomes.
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Cooper, Rebecca. "Top-down modulation of task features in rapid instructed task learning: An ERP study." Thesis, Cooper, Rebecca (2014) Top-down modulation of task features in rapid instructed task learning: An ERP study. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/24107/.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid instructed task learning (RITL) is the ability to quickly restructure behaviour into new configurations based on explicit instruction (Cole, Laurent, & Stocco, 2012). The majority of RITL research has been dominated by neuroimaging studies, which suggest unique involvements of the lateral prefrontal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex, although the exact mechanisms of RITL execution remain poorly understood. The electrophysiological responses of 22 adults undergoing a computerised RITL sequential dependency task were obtained, with the expectation that task relevance processes would be observable at posterior N1, anterior P2a/N2, and central P3b. Early top-down amplitudinal modulation was found in N1 for all item types, and this was related to non-target N2 amplitudes, with both time windows showing preliminary support for compositionality of individual task components. Evidence for compositionality in attentional template matching processes was also found in the P2a/N2 complex. Central P3b did not appear to be involved in task relevance processes per se, perhaps being more involved in attentional resource allocation. These findings answer important questions as how to task-relevant feature identification and task component sequencing occur in RITL.
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Huang, Shih Chan, and 黃士展. "TaSiN and TaSi Diffusion Barriers in Cu Metallization." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75773054399557390204.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
電子工程研究所
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TaSi and TaSiN with a various composition of Ta, Si, and N are fabricated in Ar or Ar/N2 gas mixtures by radio frequency reactive sputtering deposition. Both TaSi and TaSiN films are annealed at 950℃for 30 seconds in nitrogen ambient. The resistivity, chemical composition, crystalline microstructure, diffraction pattern and bonding are investigated by four probe point, Auger, XRD, TEM, and XPS. The diffusion barrier behavior are studied using leakage current and capacitance-voltage. According to those measure, we try to find the optimum condition of diffusion barrier. TaSiN with large Si/Ta ratio has higher resistivity and better diffusion barrier performance. The resistivity of TaSiN AR with Si/Ta ratio 2.3 is 2000 -cm and remains thermally stable after annealing 550 ℃. According to XRD and TEM pictures, TaSi is amorphous. And XPS indicates the bonding of Ta-Si. We believe an amorphous TaSi is formed after deposition . The resistivity of TaSi is 200 -cm and amorphous TaSi with integration of low k material remains thermally stable after annealing 450 ℃