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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Task-switching'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Li, Xiangqian. "Task-switching costs without task-switching." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8962/.

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It has been suggested that task-switching costs can be eliminated if participants memorise all stimulus-response mappings thereby avoiding task-switching altogether (Dreisbach, Goschke & Haider, 2006, 2007; Dreisbach & Haider, 2008). This has been labelled the “Look-Up Table” (LUT) approach. It has also been suggested that the LUT approach could potentially explain why animals such as monkeys (Stoet & Snyder, 2003; Avdagic et al., 2013) and pigeons (Castro & Wasserman, 2016; Meier, Lea & McLaren 2016) were able to perform task-switching without showing any task-switching costs (Dreisbach, et a

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2

Brand, Sarah Louise. "Task switching and distractibility." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444120/.

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In this thesis I examined the effects of task switching on people's ability to ignore irrelevant distractors. Load theory proposes that distractor interference critically depends on the availability of executive control to minimise the effects of irrelevant stimuli (e.g. Lavie, 2000). Much work on task switching suggests that task switching demands executive control in order to prepare for and implement a switch between tasks (e.g. Monsell, 2003 Rubinstein, Meyer, & Evans, 2001). I therefore hypothesised that the executive demand of a task switch will result in reduced ability to reject irrele

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3

Perry, B. H. S. "Component processes in task switching." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302498.

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4

Cooper, Stephen. "Task switching and response processes." Thesis, Bangor University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494187.

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When switching between tasks, participants are sometimes required to use different response sets for each task: So, task switch and response set switch are commonly confounded. Eleven experiments divided into three series examined transitions of response within a linear four-finger arrangement. The first series examined cued grouping by hand or finger equivalence in both single task and task switching designs. The second considered the effect upon transitions of response when full repetition of the stimulus was included in the design. Results showed that part of the task switch cost is associa

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5

Longman, Cai Stephen. "Spatial attention in task switching." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15729.

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This thesis is a systematic investigation of preparatory reorienting of task-relevant spatial attention. Task switching experiments typically report a performance overhead when the current task is different to that performed on the previous trial relative to when the task repeats. This ‘switch cost’ tends to reduce as participants are given more time to prepare (consistent with an active reconfiguration process) but a ‘residual’ switch cost usually remains even at very long preparation intervals (often interpreted as evidence of carryover of response selection parameters from the previous tria

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6

Liu, Chialun. "Hierarchical control in task switching." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5dc1f9d4-fbfd-4652-9e1e-bc1b544c7a65.

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Human flexible behaviour is often seen in everyday life tasks. These tasks (e.g., making coffee) are composed of actions (e.g., pouring sugar) that are typically nested within a large task structures made of superordinate components and nested subcomponents. Task switching has been adopted widely as an effective tool to explore the mechanisms of flexible behaviour and can be easily adapted to real-life situations. The core hypothesis explored in this thesis was that there might be another level of control that is responsible for coordinating and scheduling actions in task switching, which I la

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7

Forrest, Charlotte Louise. "An associative approach to task switching." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3730.

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This thesis explores the behaviour of participants taking an associative approach to a task-cueing paradigm. Task-cueing is usually intended to explore controlled processing of task-sets. But small stimulus sets plausibly afford associative learning via simple and conditional discriminations. In six experiments participants were presented with typical task-cueing trials: a cue (coloured shape) followed by a digit (or in Experiment 5 a symbol) requiring one of two responses. In the standard Tasks condition (Monsell Experiment and Experiments 1-3), the participant was instructed to perform eithe

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8

Essig, Fiona. "Cognitive control in verbal task switching." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16339.

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Task switching produces a number of reliable behavioural measures, the main focus of interest here being 'switch cost', the increase in response time when switching between tasks as opposed to performing them separately. Switch costs are typically measured between two tasks and compared to a single-task repeat condition. Current explanations of switch cost fall broadly into either active reconfiguration based accounts (e.g. Rogers & Monsell, 1995) whereby the extra time taken to switch between tasks is attributable to reconfiguration of task set, or passive carryover accounts (Allport, Styles

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9

Panepinto, Marie. "The Effects of Voluntary versus Forced Task Switching on Task Performance." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10292009-105633/.

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Research on task switching has focused on the relatively well known task switching cost, usually defined as an increase in RT on a trial directly following a switch. Two main issues with previous studies suggest that their results may not be applicable to real world scenarios; one, that they typically use short and arbitrary tasks in comparison to real work situations and two, that the vast majority force participants to switch rather than allowing them to do so voluntarily, as is common in the workplace. The current experiment utilized two longer lasting tasks (document proofreading and a Sud

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10

Grange, James A. "Control of cognitive processes in task-switching." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528334.

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11

Gilbert, Sam Joseph. "Computational and empirical studies of task switching." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400571.

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12

Andreadis, Nikolaos. "Task switching in predictable and unpredictable cases." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1418/.

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Fourteen experiments have been run in order to provide evidence regarding the cognitive processes that underlie the switching between simple cognitive tasks. Central to these experiments was the predictability factor; in half of the cases, the upcoming task could be predicted in advance with absolute certainty while in the other half no foreknowledge regarding the upcoming task was provided. In all of the experiments, switch costs were found to be smaller when no task foreknowledge was provided relative to when task foreknowledge was available. Chapter 2 provided evidence regarding the interpl

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13

Moulden, Drew Jeffrey Andrew. "Physiological mechanisms of task-switching in human subjects." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8471.

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The nature, and timing, of the cerebral processes that are active when attention is switched between different tasks are not understood. The purpose of this research was to establish electrophysiological evidence for a two-stage, posterior-anterior cerebral processing model for the control of attention switching. Reaction Times (RTs) and Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 22 healthy young adults as attention was cued to switch between two visuomotor tasks. One task ("horizontal") involved determining whether a circle in one of the four boxes of a 2 x 2 grid was in the left or r

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14

Moulden, Drew J. A. "Physiological mechanisms of task-switching in human subjects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0016/NQ46536.pdf.

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15

Yang, Violet Hye-Won. "The role of inhibitory control in task switching." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14156/.

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Previous research on task switching has been confounded by inhibitory control mechanism and there has been debate on the source of switch costs and how and when the inhibitory control occurs during task switching. In order to circumvent this problem, the thesis aimed to investigate the role of inhibition in task switching by examining switch costs, alternating switch costs and congruency effect in three tasks when two preparation intervals (short and long) are given. Task switching experiments in the present study captured both flexibility (changes in task) and anticipatory control (preparatio

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16

Morcom, Alexandra. "The role of executive control in task switching." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/d1108d24-de51-45e7-b3fe-49bdde78bacf.

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This thesis addressed the question of whether global, 'executive' control processes are involved in switching between discrete cognitive tasks. The involvement of executive working memory processes in the control of switching was examined, using a combination of cognitive and cognitive neuropsychological methods. In all studies, participants switched unpredictably between two simple tasks, and in some cases they also performed concurrent tasks. The focus throughout was on two putative areas of executive control that may influence task switching, goal-directed advance processing, and the suppre

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17

LaGrone, Susan Rebecca. "Testing the Interaction of Stimulus Repetition with Switch Costs Across Age Groups." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16223.

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Task-switching studies are a popular measure of executive control, yet the influence of stimulus repetition in these studies is less well recognized. One theory from the literature states that stimuli associated with a certain response interfere with processing of those same stimuli in another task, contributing to task switching costs (Waszak, Hommel, &Allport, 2003). The current study varied stimulus repetition in younger and older adults and found that the previous task associated with a stimulus does influence overall performance but did not find the expected interaction of switch and repe

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18

Walker, Darren James. "Remembrance of things future : involuntary and strategic processes in prospective memory reminders." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272232.

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19

Perkins, Matthew. "Differential dynamics of network states| implications for task switching." Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10099545.

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<p> A change in a stimulus response relationship implies that there has been a change in the internal state of the relevant behavior-generating network. Frequently, network states are persistent, biasing responses for some time following stimulus exposure. This benefits subsequent behavioral performance when the same stimulus is re-encountered. Alternatively, it can also negatively impact initiation of a second (distinct) task, i.e. there can be a task-switch cost. Recently, work from a few invertebrate model systems has begun to determine how experience dependent network states are mediated o

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20

Wasylyshyn, Christina V. "Individual differences in task switching, executive functioning, and cognition." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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21

Slama, Hichem. "Task-goal switching: Influences of time, language, alertness and expertise." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/229285.

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Almost 100 years ago, Jersild (1927) published his article “Mental Set and Shift”. He borrowed this title from a book of Hollingworth and Poffenberger (1919), according to whom “shifting back and forth from one mental set, one attitude or one task to another, is a relatively ineffective mode of work.” As pointed out by Jersild, the cost of switching between activities or mental sets is, for instance, the reason for Taylor’s model of industrialization and the trend in industry toward specialization. Through specialization, the element of switch is reduced to its minimum because “the cost of shi

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22

Schultz, Eric A. "Empirical Performance Comparison of Hardware and Software Task Context Switching." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/46226.

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.<br>There are many divergent opinions regarding possible differences between the performance of hardware and software context switching implementations. However, there are no concrete empirical measures of their true differences. Using an empirical testing methodology, this research performed seven experiments, collecting quantitative performance results on hardware and software-based context switch implementations with two and four hardware privilege level support. The implementations measured are the hardware-based Intel IA-32 context

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23

Prosser, Laura. "The backward inhibition effect in task switching : influences and triggers." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=237859.

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It has been proposed that backward inhibition (BI) is a mechanism which facilitates task-switching by suppressing the previous task. One view is that BI is generated in response to conflict between tasks being experienced during task-performance. Across twelve experiments, this thesis investigated this proposition by addressing two questions: What affects the size/presence of BI? and When is BI triggered?: What affects the size/presence of BI? and When is BI triggered? The findings from Chapter 2 suggest that BI is increased when conflict stemming from shared target features is present, and th

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24

Gul, Amar. "Practice, stimulus-specific effects and individual differences in task switching." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3658/.

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This thesis points to the important roles of learning, individual differences in emotional intelligence (EI) and general intelligence (IQ), and culture (British vs. South Asian), on task switching. Participants switched between word identities and colour and between different face dimensions (emotion, gender and occupation). In general switch costs were reduced as participants practiced. Most interestingly, Stroop interference across blocks of trials was stronger for stimuli that form integrated representations, providing evidence that learned bindings between word forms and colours influence

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25

Park, Joonsuk Park. "HORTAS: A Horserace Model of Cognitive Control in Task Switching." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471864081.

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26

van't, Wout Felice Maria. "Task-set control and procedural working memory." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3750.

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Flexible and goal-driven behaviour requires a process by which the appropriate task-set is selected and maintained in a privileged state of activation. This process can be conceptualised as loading a task-set into a procedural working memory (PWM) buffer. Task switching experiments, which exercise this process, reveal “switch costs”: increased reaction times and error rates when the task changes, compared to when it repeats. The process of loading a task-set into PWM may be one source of these costs. The switch cost is reduced with preparation, suggesting that at least some of the processes in

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27

Grabbe, Jeremy W. "Cross-task Compatibility and Aging." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1201548686.

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28

Forstmann, Birte U. "Behavioral and neural correlates of endogenous control processes in task switching /." Leipzig [u.a.] : MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014846005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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29

Kowalczyk, Agnieszka Wioleta. "Cognitive inhibition in task switching : exploring the n-2 repetition cost." Thesis, Keele University, 2018. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/5600/.

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The current thesis provides novel insights into the n–2 repetition cost, a task-switching behavioural effect thought to reflect cognitive inhibition. The n–2 repetition cost is widely used as a measure of group and individual differences in inhibitory control; however, there was uncertainty around its reliability and the extent to which it reflects cognitive inhibition. Overall, the current thesis indicates that the n–2 repetition cost is unlikely to be a measure of cognitive inhibition. Experiment 1 showed that the n–2 repetition cost has low reliability at an individual level, which question

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30

Sylvan, Elisabeth 1973. "Dealing with distractions : analyzing and designing for task switching at work." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88356.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-81).<br>Elisabeth Sylvan.<br>S.M.

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31

McCully, Scout N. "Task-Switching, Flexible Self-Regulation, and Physical Activity in Young Adults." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1402408598.

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32

Stevens, Tobias. "Cortical regions involved in proactive control of task-set." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3285.

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This thesis is about what happens in the brain when people switch between tasks. Each task requires a particular assembly of cognitive processes, an orientation of attention and set of rules relating action to input — a "task-set". The research reported used a task-cueing paradigm to study preparatory control of task-set. On each trial a stimulus (a coloured shape) was preceded by a verbal task-cue specifying which task to do (judge the shape or the colour of the stimulus). Reaction time and error rate increase on trials when the task changes relative to trials on which it does not. When the c

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Breeze, Julian. "Task switching and cognitive control processes : measured using increases to stimulus dimension, stimulus set size and task practice." Thesis, Bangor University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494186.

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The aim of this thesis is to understand some of the processes involved in the selection of appropriate tasks, and in the selection of correct responses to those tasks. The main focus of the following experiments will be on how interference and conflict occurs during these processes, either at the perceptual or action selection stages when switching task. It should be possible to demonstrate with increases to the number of attributes, the experience of tasks associated with non-target attributes, and in varying the number of trials before switching tasks, that task selection consists of several

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34

Coates, Mark A. "Event Related Potential Measures of Task Switching in the Implicit Association Test." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19917.

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Since its creation in 1998, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has become a commonly used measure in social psychology and related fields of research. Studies of the cognitive processes involved in the IAT are necessary to establish the validity of this measure and to suggest further refinements to its use and interpretation. The current thesis used ERPs to study cognitive processes associated with the IAT. The first experiment found significant differences in P300 amplitude in the Congruent and Incongruent conditions, which were interpreted as a reflection of greater equivocation in the Inc

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35

Yeung, Nicholas Peter. "Switching between simple cognitive tasks : interactions between executive control and task properties." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621559.

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36

Elchlepp, Heike. "The temporal dynamics of switching tasks." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3233.

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The topic of this thesis is cognitive control: how the brain organises itself to perform the many tasks it is capable of and how it switches flexibly among them. Task-switching experiments reveal a substantial cost in reaction time and accuracy after a switch in tasks. This "switch cost" is reduced by preparation (suggesting anticipatory task-set reconfiguration), but not eliminated. The thesis focuses on the sources of the "residual" cost. Most accounts attribute it to response selection being prolonged on a task-switch trial by task conflict, e.g. by 'task-set inertia' — persisting activatio

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37

Kehagia, Angeliki. "Frontostriatal components of executive control in task set switching and rule-based behaviour." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612018.

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38

Seibold, Julia Christine [Verfasser], Iring [Akademischer Betreuer] Koch, and Miriam [Akademischer Betreuer] Gade. "Examining independently switching components of auditory task sets : towards a general mechanism of multicomponent switching / Julia Christine Seibold ; Iring Koch, Miriam Gade." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1196018324/34.

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Zhou, Elayne. "Does What You Do Before Class Matter?" Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1528222715870267.

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Johnson, C. Dustin. "Set-Switching and Learning Transfer." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_hontheses/7.

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In this experiment I investigated the relationship between set-switching and transfer learning, both of which presumably invoke executive functioning (EF), which may in turn be correlated with intelligence. Set-switching was measured by a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Task. Another computer task was written to measure learning-transfer ability. The data indicate little correlation between the ability to transfer learning and the capacity for set-switching. That is, these abilities may draw from independent cognitive mechanisms. The major difference may be requirement to

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Sexton, Nicholas J. "Human task switching and the role of inhibitory processes : a computational modelling and empirical approach." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2018. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/356/.

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Task switching is a behavioural paradigm within cognitive psychology that has been claimed to reflect the activity of high-level cognitive control processes. However, classic behavioural markers such as the (n-1) switch cost have also been shown to reflect a multitude of other cognitive processes. The n-2 repetition paradigm has proven more successful, with a behavioural measure (the n-2 repetition cost) agreed to be reflective of a cognitive inhibition mechanism (‘backward inhibition’). The present thesis develops computational models of task switching, including a backward inhibition model.

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O'Leary, Allison. "Voluntary Task Switching in Children and Adults: Individual Differences in the Facilitative Effect of Choice." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398866891.

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Fintor, Edina [Verfasser], Iring [Akademischer Betreuer] Koch, and Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Kiesel. "New insights into modality-compatibility effects in task switching / Edina Fintor ; Iring Koch, Andrea Kiesel." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1210929058/34.

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Fintor, Edina Verfasser], Iring [Akademischer Betreuer] [Koch, and Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Kiesel. "New insights into modality-compatibility effects in task switching / Edina Fintor ; Iring Koch, Andrea Kiesel." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1210929058/34.

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Dussias, Paola Eulalia 1962. "Switching at no cost: Exploring Spanish-English codeswitching using the response-contingent sentence matching task." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282384.

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The Functional Head Constraint (Belazi, Rubin and Toribio, 1994) states that codeswitching is not allowed between a functional head and its complement. This predicts that switches between determiners and noun phrase complements, complementizers and inflected clausal (IP) complements, and auxiliaries and verb phrase complements should be ungrammatical. Conversely, the proposed constraint predicts that verb-complement and preposition-complement switches should be grammatical. This study tested four of these five predictions, using codeswitched Spanish/English sentences which met or violated the

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Hubbard, Jason. "The Dynamics of Global States in Executive Control." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22632.

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In the present work, we examine how the cognitive system responds to complex environments. It has been proposed that executive control, which is responsible for orchestrating high-level behavior in such environments, operates according to different broad processing modes, one geared towards stability and focus (“maintenance”), and the other that’s open to environmental influence (“updating”). Aging work has proposed that this latter mode is over-represented in older age, leading to deficits in many, but not all cognitive domains. Across three studies, we sought to identify the dynamics of the

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47

Meier, Christina. "A comparative investigation of associative processes in executive-control paradigms." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/26798.

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The experiments reported in this thesis were conducted to examine the effects of executive-control and associative-learning processes on performance in conventional executive-control paradigms. For this purpose, I developed comparative task-switching and response-inhibition paradigms, which were used to assess the performance of pigeons, whose behaviour is presumably based purely on associative processes, and of humans, whose behaviour may be guided by executive control and by associative processes. Pigeons were able to perform accurately in the comparative paradigms; hence, associative-learni

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Chaplin, Caley. "The factors affecting self-regulation through the analysis of physiological, psychological and behavioural measures during task-switching." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006027.

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Individuals are required to manage multiple tasks which require strategic allocation of time and effort to ensure goals are reached efficiently. By providing the worker with autonomy over their work, performance and worker well-being have improved. This increased control allows individuals to organize work according to the needs of the body, which prevents fatigue leading to improved productivity. When given the option, humans tend to switch between tasks frequently. This behaviour can be used to determine the change in self-regulation strategies. An understanding of human task-switching behav

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Bryck, Richard Lee 1978. "Flexible behavior under control? Neural and behavioral evidence in favor of a two-component model of task-switching." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7488.

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xiii, 163 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT QP360.5 .B79 2008<br>The ability to rapidly change from one course of action to another, i.e. "flexible behavior", is a hallmark of human cognition. Laboratory observations of switch costs, an increase in reaction time and errors when alternating between tasks compared to repeating a task, have been argued to be a measure of endogenous control during flexible behavior. However, alternative models suggest no such reconfiguration processes are necessary to account for

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Ard, Michael Colin. "On the origin of a response time underadditivity by means of cross-modal task switching, or the redundancy of operations in the configuration of task sets for cross-modal shifts." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3366481.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 20, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-184).

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