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Journal articles on the topic 'Taste buds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ki, Su Young, and Yong Taek Jeong. "Taste Receptors beyond Taste Buds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (2022): 9677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179677.

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Taste receptors are responsible for detecting their ligands not only in taste receptor cells (TRCs) but also in non-gustatory organs. For several decades, many research groups have accumulated evidence for such “ectopic” expression of taste receptors. More recently, some of the physiologic functions (apart from taste) of these ectopic taste receptors have been identified. Here, we summarize our current understanding of these ectopic taste receptors across multiple organs. With a particular focus on the specialized epithelial cells called tuft cells, which are now considered siblings of type II

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2

Eigen, Michael. "Psychoanalytic Taste Buds." Psychoanalytic Review 100, no. 5 (2013): 665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/prev.2013.100.5.665.

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3

Pehoushek, J. F. "Black Taste Buds." Archives of Family Medicine 9, no. 3 (2000): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.9.3.219.

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4

Pehoushek, J. F. "Black Taste Buds." Archives of Dermatology 135, no. 5 (1999): 593—b—598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.135.5.593-b.

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Reutter, Klaus, Friederike Boudriot, and Martin Witt. "Heterogeneity of fish taste bud ultrastructure as demonstrated in the holosteans Amia calva and Lepisosteus oculatus." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1401 (2000): 1225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0672.

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Taste buds are the peripheral sensory organs of the gustatory system. They occur in all taxa of vertebrates and are pear–shaped intra–epithelial organs of about 80 μm height and 50 μm width. Taste buds mainly consist of specialized epithelial cells, which synapse at their bases and therefore are secondary sensory cells. Taste buds have been described based on studies of teleostean species, but it turned out that the ultrastructure of teleostean taste buds may differ between distinct systematic groups and that this description is not representative of those taste buds in other main taxa of fish

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6

Lowe, Fergus. "Educate their taste-buds." Primary Teacher Update 2014, no. 34 (2014): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prtu.2014.1.34.12.

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7

Farbman, Albert I. "Neurotrophins and taste buds." Journal of Comparative Neurology 459, no. 1 (2003): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.10588.

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8

Shrestha, R., and N. Ranjit. "Epiglottal taste buds and different feeding habits of mammals." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 37, no. 3 (2015): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.928.

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Introduction: Taste buds which occur on the laryngeal surface of epiglottis of mammals share many similarities with lingual taste buds, although their function is different. These taste buds mediate reflex action to close the laryngeal opening or initiate the cough reflex when food comes in contact with the posterior surface of the epiglottis. Methods: Repeated microscopic studies were carried out on 6 μm serial haematoxylin and eosin stained sections of epiglottides of buffalo, guinea pig, house rat, human, lamb and rabbit. Quantitative investigation was carried out on the taste buds on the r

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UYAN, Simla. "Taste bud distribution pattern on oral cavity in Black Sea Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus L., 1758)." Marine Reports 2, no. 1 (2023): 9–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8050583.

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Taste buds are one of the most determinant structures of the general behavior of the fish, particularly the feeding behavior. By examining the distribution pattern of this sense organ in the fish body, the behavioral responses of the fish to different physical conditions might be predicted. In this aspect, the taste bud distribution pattern of the Black Sea anchovy, <em>Engraulis encrasicholus,</em> was investigated. The gills and the upper and lower jaws were observed and photographed in a scanning electron microscope. Taste buds of Black Sea anchovy are distributed only i

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Nakamura, Tatsufumi, Naoki Matsuyama, Masato Kirino, Masanori Kasai, Sadao Kiyohara, and Takanori Ikenaga. "Distribution, Innervation, and Cellular Organization of Taste Buds in the Sea Catfish, Plotosus japonicus." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 89, no. 3 (2017): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000471758.

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The gustatory system of the sea catfish Plotosus japonicus, like that of other catfishes, is highly developed. To clarify the details of the morphology of the peripheral gustatory system of Plotosus, we used whole-mount immunohistochemistry to investigate the distribution and innervation of the taste buds within multiple organs including the barbels, oropharyngeal cavity, fins (pectoral, dorsal, and caudal), and trunk. Labeled taste buds could be observed in all the organs examined. The density of the taste buds was higher along the leading edges of the barbels and fins; this likely increases

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Sincar, Cerasela Dorina, Camelia Ana Grigore, Silvia Martu, et al. "Chemical Senses Taste Sensation and Chemical Composition." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 1 (2017): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.1.4810.

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Taste and smell are chemical senses, which means that the receptors (chemoreceptors) of these senses respond to chemical stimuli. In order for a substance to produce a taste sensation, it should be ingested in a solution or subsequently dissolved in saliva; a solid substance put in the mouth perfectly dry is tasteless. Therefore, taste receptors or taste buds occur only on wet surfaces, more precisely in the oral cavity in land vertebrates; however, in aquatic animals, these receptors are scattered all over the body. There are functionally different types of receptors for each of the primary t

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Kinnamon, J. C., and S. M. Royer. "Synaptic organization of vertebrate taste buds." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100168451.

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The vertebrate taste bud is an end organ specialized to detect and transduce aqueous chemical stimuli. In mammals most taste buds are located on the tongue. Lingual taste buds are typically distributed over three fields or papillae: fungiform, foliate and circumvallate papillae. Fungiform papillae are found on raised eminences near the tip of the tongue. Each fungiform papilla contains from one to several taste buds. Foliate taste buds are located in epithelial folds (foliate papillae) of the posterolateral surfaces of the tongue. In the rear of the tongue circumvallate taste buds line the wal

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13

Barlow, L. A., and R. G. Northcutt. "Taste buds develop autonomously from endoderm without induction by cephalic neural crest or paraxial mesoderm." Development 124, no. 5 (1997): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.5.949.

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Although it had long been believed that embryonic taste buds in vertebrates were induced to differentiate by ingrowing nerve fibers, we and others have recently shown that embryonic taste buds can develop normally in the complete absence of innervation. This leads to the question of which tissues, if any, induce the formation of taste buds in oropharyngeal endoderm. We proposed that taste buds, like many specialized epithelial cells, might arise via an inductive interaction between the endodermal epithelial cells that line the oropharynx and the adjacent mesenchyme that is derived from both ce

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Mistretta, Charlotte, and Archana Kumari. "Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Taste Organs and Oral Sensation: Distinctive Roles in the Epithelium, Stroma, and Innervation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6 (2019): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061341.

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The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has regulatory roles in maintaining and restoring lingual taste organs, the papillae and taste buds, and taste sensation. Taste buds and taste nerve responses are eliminated if Hh signaling is genetically suppressed or pharmacologically inhibited, but regeneration can occur if signaling is reactivated within the lingual epithelium. Whereas Hh pathway disruption alters taste sensation, tactile and cold responses remain intact, indicating that Hh signaling is modality-specific in regulation of tongue sensation. However, although Hh regulation is essential in taste, the

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Saito, Takehisa, Tetsufumi Ito, Norihiko Narita, Takechiyo Yamada, and Yasuhiro Manabe. "Light and Electron Microscopic Observation of Regenerated Fungiform Taste Buds in Patients with Recovered Taste Function after Severing Chorda Tympani Nerve." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 120, no. 11 (2011): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348941112001104.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean number of regenerated fungiform taste buds per papilla and perform light and electron microscopic observation of taste buds in patients with recovered taste function after severing the chorda tympani nerve during middle ear surgery. Methods: We performed a biopsy on the fungiform papillae (FP) in the midlateral region of the dorsal surface of the tongue from 5 control volunteers (33 total FP) and from 7 and 5 patients with and without taste recovery (34 and 29 FP, respectively) 3 years 6 months to 18 years after surgery. The specimens

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Kirino, Masato, Jason Parnes, Anne Hansen, Sadao Kiyohara, and Thomas E. Finger. "Evolutionary origins of taste buds: phylogenetic analysis of purinergic neurotransmission in epithelial chemosensors." Open Biology 3, no. 3 (2013): 130015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.130015.

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Taste buds are gustatory endorgans which use an uncommon purinergic signalling system to transmit information to afferent gustatory nerve fibres. In mammals, ATP is a crucial neurotransmitter released by the taste cells to activate the afferent nerve fibres. Taste buds in mammals display a characteristic, highly specific ecto-ATPase (NTPDase2) activity, suggesting a role in inactivation of the neurotransmitter. The purpose of this study was to test whether the presence of markers of purinergic signalling characterize taste buds in anamniote vertebrates and to test whether similar purinergic sy

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Soriano-Sánchez, Daniela, Adriana González- Villalva, Marcela Rojas-Lemus, et al. "Los corpúsculos gustativos y factores que afectan su función." Revista de la Facultad de Medicina 67, no. 3 (2024): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fm.24484865e.2024.67.3.06.

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Taste is relevant because it has allowed us to discriminate between what is food and what is not, and even what can be toxic or dangerous when ingested. The search for new flavors is resent in history of mankind. Since ancient times, the spices provided new taste experiences to make meals more palatable or as a means of preserving food; the search for spices was a motivation to make voyages that led to the discovery of new lands and continents. More recently, a viral pandemic that damages the olfaction and taste senses made us to remember the relevance of the senses. Small structures, called t

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Barlow, L. A., C. B. Chien, and R. G. Northcutt. "Embryonic taste buds develop in the absence of innervation." Development 122, no. 4 (1996): 1103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.4.1103.

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It has been hypothesized that taste buds are induced by contact with developing cranial nerve fibers late in embryonic development, since descriptive studies indicate that during embryonic development taste cell differentiation occurs concomitantly with or slightly following the advent of innervation. However, experimental evidence delineating the role of innervation in taste bud development is sparse and equivocal. Using two complementary experimental approaches, we demonstrate that taste cells differentiate fully in the complete absence of innervation. When the presumptive oropharyngeal regi

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Roper, Stephen D., and Nirupa Chaudhari. "Processing Umami and Other Tastes in Mammalian Taste Buds." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1170, no. 1 (2009): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04107.x.

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Aydin, M., N. Aydin, and C. Gundogdu. "Discovery of Orgasmic Pleasure Sensing Taste Roseas of Repruductive Organs: Experimental Study." Klinička psihologija 9, no. 1 (2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2016-kp-op-0029.

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Objective: Basic mechanism of orgasmic pleasure hasn’t yet been elucidated, although there is broad similarity between taste and orgasmic sensation. Taste buds of tongue information has been established as important regulator of nutrition; however, very little is known regarding how orgasmic pleasure sensation is created and perceived in orgasm. Design and Method: Thus, we investigated whether there were taste bud-like structures stimulated by seminal fructose in the male urethra and glans penis. To confirm this hypothesis, we examined the urethral tissues of 22 male rabbits using the last mod

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Taruno, Akiyuki, Kengo Nomura, Tsukasa Kusakizako, Zhongming Ma, Osamu Nureki, and J. Kevin Foskett. "Taste transduction and channel synapses in taste buds." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 473, no. 1 (2020): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-020-02464-4.

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22

Ogawa, Kazuaki, and John Caprio. "Major Differences in the Proportion of Amino Acid Fiber Types Transmitting Taste Information From Oral and Extraoral Regions in the Channel Catfish." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 4 (2010): 2062–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00894.2009.

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The present study investigates for the first time in any teleost the amino acid specificity and sensitivity of single glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve IX) fibers that innervate taste buds within the oropharyngeal cavity. These results are contrasted with similar data obtained from facial (cranial nerve VII) fibers that innervate extraoral taste buds. The major finding is that functional differences are clearly evident between taste fibers of these two cranial nerves. Catfishes possess the most extensive distribution of taste buds found in vertebrates. Taste buds on the external body surface are

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Barlow, Linda A. "Specification of pharyngeal endoderm is dependent on early signals from axial mesoderm." Development 128, no. 22 (2001): 4573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.22.4573.

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The development of taste buds is an autonomous property of the pharyngeal endoderm, and this inherent capacity is acquired by the time gastrulation is complete. These results are surprising, given the general view that taste bud development is nerve dependent, and occurs at the end of embryogenesis. The pharyngeal endoderm sits at the dorsal lip of the blastopore at the onset of gastrulation, and because this taste bud-bearing endoderm is specified to make taste buds by the end of gastrulation, signals that this tissue encounters during gastrulation might be responsible for its specification.

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Suzuki, Takashi. "Cellular Mechanisms in Taste Buds." Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College 48, no. 4 (2007): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2209/tdcpublication.48.151.

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25

Gatta, Claudia, Valentina Schiano, Chiara Attanasio, Carla Lucini, and Antonio Palladino. "Neurotrophins in Zebrafish Taste Buds." Animals 12, no. 13 (2022): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12131613.

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The neurotrophin family is composed of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Neurotrophin 3 (NT3) and NT4. These neurotrophins regulate several crucial functions through the activation of two types of transmembrane receptors, namely p75, which binds all neurotrophins with a similar affinity, and tyrosine kinase (Trk) receptors. Neurotrophins, besides their well-known pivotal role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system, also display the ability to regulate the development of taste buds in mammals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigat

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Northcutt, R. Glenn. "Taste Buds: Development and Evolution." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 64, no. 3 (2004): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000079747.

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Harvey, R., and R. S. Batty. "Cutaneous taste buds in cod." Journal of Fish Biology 53, no. 1 (1998): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00116.x.

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KANO, Kiyoshi, Masayuki UBE, and Kazuyuki TANIGUCHI. "Glycoconjugate in Rat Taste Buds." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 63, no. 5 (2001): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.63.505.

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Hosley, Mark A., Stephen E. Hughes, and Bruce Oakley. "Neural induction of taste buds." Journal of Comparative Neurology 260, no. 2 (1987): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.902600206.

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Dando, Robin, Elizabeth Pereira, Mani Kurian, Rene Barro-Soria, Nirupa Chaudhari, and Stephen D. Roper. "A permeability barrier surrounds taste buds in lingual epithelia." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 308, no. 1 (2015): C21—C32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00157.2014.

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Epithelial tissues are characterized by specialized cell-cell junctions, typically localized to the apical regions of cells. These junctions are formed by interacting membrane proteins and by cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix components. Within the lingual epithelium, tight junctions join the apical tips of the gustatory sensory cells in taste buds. These junctions constitute a selective barrier that limits penetration of chemosensory stimuli into taste buds (Michlig et al. J Comp Neurol 502: 1003–1011, 2007). We tested the ability of chemical compounds to permeate into sensory end organs

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Bloomquist, Ryan F., Nicholas F. Parnell, Kristine A. Phillips, et al. "Coevolutionary patterning of teeth and taste buds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 44 (2015): E5954—E5962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514298112.

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Teeth and taste buds are iteratively patterned structures that line the oro-pharynx of vertebrates. Biologists do not fully understand how teeth and taste buds develop from undifferentiated epithelium or how variation in organ density is regulated. These organs are typically studied independently because of their separate anatomical location in mammals: teeth on the jaw margin and taste buds on the tongue. However, in many aquatic animals like bony fishes, teeth and taste buds are colocalized one next to the other. Using genetic mapping in cichlid fishes, we identified shared loci controlling

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Cao, Xun, Xiao Zhou, Xiao-Min Liu, and Li-Hong Zhou. "Liraglutide alters DPP4 in the circumvallate papillae of type 2 diabetic rats." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 57, no. 1 (2016): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-16-0001.

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Liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide (GLP1) analog that partially inhibits dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4), can decrease glucose levels and suppress appetite in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). GLP1 and its receptor (GLP1R) also exist in the taste buds of rodents and regulate taste sensitivity. DPP4, a protease, functions in homeostasis of blood glucose, lipids, and body weight. Interactions among GLP1, GLP1R, and DPP4 likely affect taste and food-intake behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate DPP4 expression in the taste buds of the circumvallate papillae (CV) in T2

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Astbäck, Johnny, Anders FernstrÖm, Britta Hylander, Kristina Arvidson, and Olle Johansson. "Taste Buds and Neuronal Markers in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 19, no. 2_suppl (1999): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089901902s53.

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Objective To study the number of taste buds and, with the use of specific markers for peripheral nervous tissue, to study the neuronal pattern in taste buds from 36 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), 19 renal transplant recipients, and 40 healthy subjects. Of the patients with CRF, 17 patients had not started dialysis, 12 patients were on peritoneal dialysis, and 7 patients were on hemodialysis. Design From all subjects, two or three fungiform papillae were collected from the anterior part of the tongue. Cryostat sections were cut and inspected under light microscopy to determine the p

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Yilmaz, S., A. Aydin, G. Dinc, B. Toprak, and M. Karan. "Investigations on the postnatal development of the foliate papillae using light and scanning electron microscopy in the porcupine (Hystrix cristata)." Veterinární Medicína 58, No. 6 (2013): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6868-vetmed.

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In this study SEM and light microscopy were used to investigate the structure of the foliate papillae in the porcupine. The foliate papillae consisted of about 10 or 11 clefts. The length of the foliate papillae averaged 2.79 mm and its width averaged 863 &micro;m. Taste buds were located intraepithelial in the basal half of the papilla grooves (sulcus papillae). Every wall on each fold harboured from five to nine taste buds. There were two different cell types of taste buds: one stained light (epitheliocytus sensorius gustatorius), and the other dark (epitheliocytus sustentans). The lengt

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Aragona, Marialuisa, Kamel Mhalhel, Marzio Cometa, et al. "Piezo 1 and Piezo 2 in the Chemosensory Organs of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 13 (2024): 7404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137404.

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The ion channels Piezo 1 and Piezo 2 have been identified as membrane mechano-proteins. Studying mechanosensitive channels in chemosensory organs could help in understanding the mechanisms by which these channels operate, offering new therapeutic targets for various disorders. This study investigates the expression patterns of Piezo proteins in zebrafish chemosensory organs. For the first time, Piezo protein expression in adult zebrafish chemosensory organs is reported. In the olfactory epithelium, Piezo 1 immunolabels kappe neurons, microvillous cells, and crypt neurons, while Calretinin is e

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Mostafa, Sana, Heba M. Hakam, and Amal El-motayam. "Gustatory dysfunction in relation to circumvallate papilla’s taste buds structure upon unilateral maxillary molar extraction in Wistar rats: an in vivo study." F1000Research 8 (September 20, 2019): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19684.1.

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Background: The interaction between taste sensation and dentoalveolar innervation is still under research. teeth loss can alter taste thresholds in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are still obscure. This study investigated the effect of unilateral maxillary molars extraction on the structure of circumvallate papilla in rats. Methods: Thirty-two male Wister rats, aged 3-4 months were randomly distributed into four groups (one control and 3 experimental ) each including 8 animals. The rats were euthanized 3, 6 or 9 weeks following the procedure. The changes in trough length and the taste b

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Kumarhia, Devaki, Lianying He, and Lynnette Phillips McCluskey. "Inflammatory stimuli acutely modulate peripheral taste function." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 6 (2016): 2964–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01104.2015.

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Inflammation-mediated changes in taste perception can affect health outcomes in patients, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In the present work, we hypothesized that proinflammatory cytokines directly modulate Na+ transport in taste buds. To test this, we measured acute changes in Na+ flux in polarized fungiform taste buds loaded with a Na+ indicator dye. IL-1β elicited an amiloride-sensitive increase in Na+ transport in taste buds. In contrast, TNF-α dramatically and reversibly decreased Na+ flux in polarized taste buds via amiloride-sensitive and amiloride-insensitive Na+

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Bigiani, Albertino. "Mouse Taste Cells With Glialike Membrane Properties." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 4 (2001): 1552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1552.

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Taste buds are sensory structures made up by tightly packed, specialized epithelial cells called taste cells. Taste cells are functionally heterogeneous, and a large proportion of them fire action potentials during chemotransduction. In view of the narrow intercellular spaces within the taste bud, it is expected that the ionic composition of the extracellular fluid surrounding taste cells may be altered significantly by activity. This consideration has led to postulate the existence of glialike cells that could control the microenvironment in taste buds. However, the functional identification

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Tizzano, Marco, and Thomas E. Finger. "Chemosensors in the Nose: Guardians of the Airways." Physiology 28, no. 1 (2013): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00035.2012.

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The G-protein-coupled receptor molecules and downstream effectors that are used by taste buds to detect sweet, bitter, and savory tastes are also utilized by chemoresponsive cells of the airways to detect irritants. Here, we describe the different cell types in the airways that utilize taste-receptor signaling to trigger protective epithelial and neural responses to potentially dangerous toxins and bacterial infection.

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Bahuguna, S. N., Suman Khatri, Ashish K. Chowdhary, and Garima Bahuguna. "Ontogeny of feeding and digestive system in cobitidian fish Noemacheilus montanus (McClelland)." Environment Conservation Journal 13, no. 3 (2012): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2012.130306.

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Noemacheilus montanus is a bottom feeder water tracer fish of Himalayan region. The fish moves within the minute water capillaries in the mountain region and inhabited in small tributaries of hill stream. The incubation period spanned over 40-45 hour. After 1st day post-hatching the mouth was opened and upper and lower lips were distinguished. By second day post hatching taste buds were developed on both the lips. The larvae show rudiments of barbels on second day and which continue to grow and by 5th day post hatching these acquire slender and long shapes with many taste buds scattered all ov

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Giantoro Putri, Giovani Indah, Soehartono, and Yunisa Astiarani. "Exploring The Tasting System and Clinical Significance of Taste Disorders: A Narrative Review." Journal of Urban Health Research 1, no. 3 (2023): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/juhr.v1i3.4476.

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Introduction: This review took an in-depth look at the intricate anatomy of taste buds, unveiling their complex structure and function, delved into the fascinating mechanisms that underlie taste transmission, shedding light on how sensory information is relayed from the taste buds to the brain, enabling us to perceive and differentiate various flavors.Result and Discussions: This narrative review indicates that diverse factors can induce changes in taste buds, ranging from genetic predispositions to external influences such as medications and lifestyle habits. By comprehensively understanding

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Yamamoto, Ikuyo. "Differentiation of taste buds in culture." JOURNAL OF THE STOMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY,JAPAN 54, no. 1 (1987): 271–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5357/koubyou.54.271.

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HENZLER, DAVID M., and JOHN C. KINNAMON. "Ultrastructure of Mouse Fungiform Taste Buds." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 510, no. 1 Olfaction and (1987): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb43557.x.

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Roper, Stephen D., and Nirupa Chaudhari. "Taste buds: cells, signals and synapses." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 18, no. 8 (2017): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2017.68.

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Roper, Stephen D. "Taste buds as peripheral chemosensory processors." Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 24, no. 1 (2013): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.12.002.

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Roper, Stephen D. "Parallel processing in mammalian taste buds?" Physiology & Behavior 97, no. 5 (2009): 604–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.04.003.

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Law, J. S., K. Watanabe, and R. I. Henkin. "Distribution of calmodulin in taste buds." Life Sciences 36, no. 12 (1985): 1189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(85)90237-1.

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Sinclair, Michael S., Isabel Perea-Martinez, Gennady Dvoryanchikov, et al. "Oxytocin Signaling in Mouse Taste Buds." PLoS ONE 5, no. 8 (2010): e11980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011980.

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Harvey, R., and R. S. Batty. "Cutaneous taste buds in gadoid fishes." Journal of Fish Biology 60, no. 3 (2002): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01686.x.

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Ryotaro, Hayato, Kitabori Tsutomu, Miyajima Mai, et al. "Cell-networks in mouse taste buds." International Congress Series 1269 (August 2004): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2004.06.004.

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