Academic literature on the topic 'Tate Adams'

“Fathers and Sons” is the final tale in Ernest Hemingway’s Winner Take Nothing and last published Nick Adams Story. This article employs ecocriticism to explore the ecological consciousness in the short story. It introduces the definition of ecocriticism and briefly describes the natural world in Hemingway’s biography, then focuses on the exploration of Hemingway’s reminiscence of the lost natural beauty in “Fathers and Sons”. The study holds that Hemingway artistically associated Nick Adams’ reminiscence of his beloved father with the loss of ecological beauty in the Michigan State. Through the portrayal of Nick’s memories, Hemingway exposed human being’s ruin of nature and showed his sympathy for the destroyed ecology. The story actually reflects the Hemingway’s yearning towards the lost beauty of nature.

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) of Alzheimer's disease is a transmembrane protein that is cleaved within its extracellular domain, liberating a soluble N-terminal fragment (sAPPα). Putative mediators of this process include three members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family, ADAM9, ADAM10 and ADAM17/TACE (tumour necrosis factor-α converting enzyme). Tumour necrosis factor-α protease inhibitor (TAPI-1), an inhibitor of ADAMs, reduced constitutive and muscarinic receptor-stimulated sAPPα release in HEK-293 cells stably expressing M3 muscarinic receptors. However, the former was less sensitive to TAPI-1 (IC50 = 8.09μM) than the latter (IC50 = 3.61μM), suggesting that these processes may be mediated by different metalloproteases. Constitutive sAPPα release was increased several-fold in cells transiently transfected with TACE, and this increase was proportional to TACE expression. In contrast, muscarinic-receptor-activated sAPPα release was not altered in TACE transfectants. TACE-dependent constitutive release of co-transfected APP695 was inhibited by TAPI-1 with an IC50 of 0.92μM, a value significantly lower than the IC50s for inhibition of either constitutive or receptor-regulated sAPPα shedding mediated by endogenous secretases. The results indicate that TACE is capable of catalysing constitutive α-secretory cleavage of APP, but it is likely that additional members of the ADAM family mediate endogenous constitutive and receptor-coupled release of sAPPα in HEK-293cells.

Runge-Kutta and Adams methods are the most popular codes to solve numerically nonstiff ODEs. The Adams methods are useful to reduce the number of function calls, but they usually require more CPU time than the Runge-Kutta methods. In this work we develop a numerical study of a variable step length Adams implementation, which can only take preassigned step-size ratios. Our aim is the reduction of the CPU time of the code by means of the precalculation of some coefficients. We present several numerical tests that show the behaviour of the proposed implementation.

The ADAMs, together with ADAMTSs and snake venom metalloproteases (SVMPs), are members of the Adamalysin family. Differences in structural organization, functions and localization are known and their domains, catalytic or non-catalytic, show key roles in the substrate recognition and protease activity. Some ADAMs, as membrane-bound enzymes, show sheddase activity. Sheddases are key to modulation of functional proteins such as the tumor necrosis factor, growth factors, cytokines and their receptors, adhesion proteins, signaling molecules and stress molecules involved in immunity. These activities take part in the regulation of several physiological and pathological processes including inflammation, tumor growth, metastatic progression and infectious diseases. On these bases, some ADAMs are currently investigated as drug targets to develop new alternative therapies in many fields of medicine. This review will be focused on these aspects.

In this paper, ADAMS multi-body dynamics simulation was introduced in order to solve the diesel engine piston pin dynamics. Take diesel engine piston for example, the model of piston system was established based on ADAMS/Engine module. According to rotational speed of crankshaft, piston pin dynamics simulation was analyzed. Through Fast Fourier Transformation, piston pin power spectral density was got for piston pin fault diagnosis. The results show that simulation results are consistent with theory, dynamics simulation applied in fault diagnosis is feasible.

Conventional models for mechanical rotors based on Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems (ADAMS) are over-constraint. This paper proposes a new method for simulating the stiffness and damping of bearings using bushing and other kinematic pairs. Analysis and Simulation for balance of rigid rotors by ADAMS were performed. To reduce the imbalance inertial force, the balance weight of a take-up machine has been optimized. The results were verified by the prototype test. Our results suggest a more effective method for balance of mechanical rotors in the design stage.

The year 1978 saw the first exhibition of photographic portraits of Marcel Proust's family, friends and acquaintances taken by Paul Nadar, an event leading to renewed interest in the subject of À la recherche du temps perdu as a roman à clef. This article examines two interpretations of Proust's novel in the light of these images, as put forward by William Howard Adams and Roland Barthes. While Adams and Barthes both take George Painter's Proust biography as a starting point for their own readings of the photographs as ‘keys’ to the novel, they offer two contrasting perspectives on À la recherche: Adams emphasizes the transparent and positivistic connection between the author's life and work, whereas Barthes focuses on a more fluid, dialectical and productively ambiguous relation between the two. Both of these perspectives, but particularly Barthes's, it is argued, shed light on the novel's production and the broader, multi-faceted relations between photography, (auto)biography and literature.

Jose Correa da Serra, the renowned Portugese botanist, geologist, and natural scientist, was reputed to be the "most intelligent man in the world". Following a tempestuous period in Europe he spent the years from 1812 to 1820 in the United States. He became a close friend of Thomas Jefferson, and was well known to Madison, Monroe, and John Quincy Adams. He served as the Portugese Minister to Washington, and is credited as the force behind the passage of the Neutrality Act (the "Monroe Doctrine") that is part of our philosophy and our law today.

Delta-Notch signaling is crucial for development of nearly every tissue in metazoans. Signals received by the Notch receptor influence transcription of select target genes that ultimately restrict the developmental fate of the signal receiving cell with respect to its neighbors. The Notch pathway also functions in contexts of abnormal proliferation and differentiation, e.g. cancer and inflammation. Therefore, understanding the regulation of signaling through the Notch receptor protein at the cellular and molecular level is of great significance. In this dissertation, I investigated three ways in which Notch signaling is regulated, namely (1) proteolysis of the Delta ligand; (2) endocytosis of the Delta ligand; and (3) proteolysis of the Notch receptor.. The Delta protein has three functions. First, Delta is a ligand for Notch when bound to it from an adjacent cell. Second, Delta is an inhibitor of Notch when coexpressed with it in the same cell. Third, Delta is hypothesized to be a receptor and, upon binding to Notch, signals to nucleus. Delta undergoes proteolysis by ADAM proteases and there are two contradictory models for the role of Delta cleavage: (1) cleavage disables Delta function; and (2) cleavage activates Delta function. Overall, the results presented in this dissertation strengthen the first model and weaken the second one. Consistent with the first model, we showed that preventing Delta cleavage strengthens its ligand function. As well, when co-expressed in the same with Notch, Delta cleavage is upregulated therefore disabling Delta function as inhibitor of Notch. In contrast to the second model, we showed that Delta proteolysis does not follow a previously established pattern of cleavages typical of cell surface proteins that are activated by proteolysis. Delta also undergoes endocytosis. Two general models have emerged that are again contradictory: (1) endocytosis downregulates cell surface expression of Delta and therefore diminishes its ability to bind Notch; (2) endocytosis of Delta invokes activation of Notch signaling. Overall, our results strengthen the first model and weaken the second one. In support of the first model, we first demonstrated that Notch activation shows a linear relationship to the amount of Delta ligand present on the cell surface and that subsequent inhibition of cell surface expression of Delta leads to its loss of function. In contrast to the second model, we showed that endocytosis of Delta is not required to activate Notch. We also resolved that earlier evidence in support for this model stemmed from misinterpretations of the properties of a Delta mutant protein. Proteolysis of Notch activates the signaling cascade. Binding of Delta to Notch was previously regarded as a requisite regulatory step to invoke receptor proteolysis. We identified the ability of Kuzbanian and TACE, ADAM proteases that cleave Notch in response to Delta stimulation, to activate Notch in a ligand-independent manner. Altogether, our results demonstrate that proteolysis and endocytosis of Delta are independent mechanisms that act to downregulate Delta function and are therefore an important means of attenuating the Notch signal. Alternatively, we find a novel means of enhancing Notch signals in specific contexts, namely through ligand-independent Notch activation by the ADAMs Kuzbanian and TACE. With respect to the latter observation, Kuzbanian and TACE expression is known to be elevated in several human diseases, and thus predicts that engagement of Notch signaling is a contributing factor in these pathologies.

L'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine (ACE/CD143) et la TNF-a converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM-17) sont des protéases membranaires, présentes dans divers types cellulaires dont les monocytes du sang circulant. Les monocytes, en infiltrant les tissus lésés, jouent un rôle crucial dans l'inflammation, le cancer et les maladies cardiovasculaires. ACE et TACE sont anormalement surexprimées dans certaines pathologies inflammatoires et tumorales. De par leur capacité à hydrolyser des peptides bioactifs, des composants matriciels et des protéines membranaires (procytokines, récepteurs de cytokines, molécules d'adhérence), ACE et TACE apparaissent impliquées dans l'homéostase, l'inflammation et l'angiogenèse. Peu d'études ont abordé la régulation de ACE et TACE. L'identification des mécanismes de régulation de ces protéases monocytaires pourrait conduire au développement de composés anti inflammatoires susceptibles d'être utilisables en médecine. Je me suis donc attachée à rechercher des facteurs capables d'influencer l'expression de ACE et TACE. Parmi les hémorégulateurs testés (TNF-a, TGF-13, acide rétinoïque, IL-6, IFNs), j'ai montré que les IFNs recombinants (IFN-a/43 type I et IFN-y/II) régulent de façon divergente l'expression de ACE et TACE à la surface des monocytes humains et des lignées leucémiques représentatives du lignage myéloïde. L'IFN-y augmente l'expression de ACE via une régulation transcriptionnelle impliquant le facteur de transcription IRF1. Les 2 types d'IFNs inhibent l'expression de TACE à la surface des cellules via probablement un mécanisme d' internalisation. J'ai voulu valider ces observations dans un système in vivo et j'ai choisi d'étudier l'impact de l'IFN-y murin dans la souris Rag et plus particulièrement sur l'expression de ACE et TACE monocytaires et plasmatiques. Mes premiers résultats sur un nombre limité d'animaux sont en faveur d'un effet stimulateur transitoire (3 jours) de l'IFN-y sur ACE et TACE monocytaires suivie par une inhibition tardive de TACE (7 jours après l'injection de l'IFN-y). En conclusion, nous avons identifié les IFNs comme agents régulateurs de l'expression de deux protéases pouvant, selon la littérature, être directement impliquées dans les processus inflammatoires et tumoraux. Nos données concernant l'inhibition de TACE par les IFNs suggèrent la possibilité d'utilisation de ces derniers dans le traitement de maladies où TACE exerce un effet délètère. Dans la sarcoïdose où l'accumulation d'IFN-y endogène participe audéveloppement des lésions, les monocytes circulants et les macrophages tissulaires surexpriment ACE. Nos observations sur la stimulation de ACE par l'IFN-y permettent d'établir un lien entre IFN-y et ACE dans cette maladie, et ainsi contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de cette maladie.

In this thesis, I describe and analyse the art and accomplishments of Tate Adams and substantiate his importance to the Australian printmaking revival of the 1960s. Although the name of Tate Adams occurs within the literature, where he is discussed as a major figure of the print revival, to date there is no substantive account of his contribution. My study addresses this omission. This study differs from the existing literature in its comprehensiveness, in its breadth and depth of analysis and through new material introduced from a fresh perspective. Structured as a monograph, I site Adams’ contribution within the context of his life, especially the past twenty years, and my particular differentiation is to have witnessed this first-hand. The wider biography, organised in periods of artistic activity, explores Adams’ cultural production from his beginnings as an early Irish modernist to a final efflorescence as a painter of gouaches taking his place within the history of Australian art. In this thesis, I trace the ideas and the source of those ideas that have shaped Adams’ thinking about printmaking, explore the relationships through which he contributed to the maturation of printmaking, discuss his teaching philosophy and its efficacy, elucidate his development as an artist and explore his influences. I argue that Adams, in Melbourne in the 1960s, was a dominant force in the revival of printmaking in Australia. The methodology developed in this study has a foundation in oral history, drawing on testimonies of the subject, witnesses and participants. The inclusion of Adams’ anecdotes gives a presence to the artist and his nuanced thinking about his life and its circumstances.

The origin of fantasy motives dates back to the prescriptive era. Although literature itself is constantly developing, it's basic motives such as heroes or the text composition holds on to the classical archetypes, which helps the reader to stay oriented. Fantasy elements are a good representation of these archetypes. It is no secret that the authors of the modern and post-modern fantasy literature are often inspired by ancient mythical literature. On the contrary, these myths and archetypes research these texts and are, consequently, used in new variations. In this thesis, I try to analyze some of these motives such as the hero's journey, or the representation of the mythical characters and demonstrate their transformation from the simple folk archetypes to the complex elements used in modern literature. Apart from modern and postmodern literature, I also focus on the literature of the 19th century, due to the fact that it is the romanticism and the Young Poland era, where I found the first signs of the fantasy works in polish literature.

Timbuktu was a site for both mystical and imperial projections, both the city of gold and the (always impossible) destination of European explorers. This chapter begins with the narrative of Robert Adams who, in 1815, declared to Britain's African Company that he was the first white man ever to have been to Timbuktu. But Adams was a poor mixed-race sailor who was found starving on the London docks, and he invented the Timbuktu tale to secure food, clothing, and passage back to America. Five years later, James Grey Jackson published the narrative of Al-Sayid al-Hajj ‘Abd al-Salaam Shabeeny, a Muslim merchant who also claimed to have been to Timbuktu; Jackson made the mistake of citing Adams’ narrative as evidence of the veracity of some of Shabeeny’s claims. This chapter argues that Adams and Shabeeny take advantage of British self-conception and colonial imagination to manipulate systems of control, rather than to merely respond to them. Like pirates, Shabeeny and Adams recognize how to work the colonial territorial imagination to their own ends.

This chapter explores how white male associations defined a new postwar identity for Natchez men, many of whom established local Lost Cause traditions. Freemasonry grew rapidly in the late antebellum era, with Mississippi showing the highest per capita rate of membership in the nation. Large numbers of white mostly middle-class men in search of a place to bond with other defeated Confederate warriors joined numerous Masonic orders and began forging new identities for themselves. The militia tradition in Natchez with its emphasis on competitive sports was another means of defining white manhood after the war. The Adams Light Infantry offered members a venue to bond with other men, while also initiating the white community’s first attempts to create a collective memory of the war. In their efforts to dominate public space and create memorial traditions, Natchez militia members also resorted to violent attacks against blacks they perceived as challenging white supremacy.

Adam did not ask Dinah to take his arm when they got out into the lane. He had never yet done so, often as they had walked together; for he had observed that she never walked arm-in-arm with Seth, and he thought, perhaps, that...

Adams, Fanny, and the Guide set out together, about one in the Morning, the Moon then just being risen. They had not gone above a Mile, before a most violent Storm of Rain obliged them to take shelter in an Inn, or...

In this paper, I explore the nature of the ideal human life, by asking what we will do in Utopia. I take issue with Suits’s suggestion in The Grasshopper that all we will do is play games. I argue, instead, that there will also be a place for understanding fundamental truths and admiring beauty. Nor must it be the case that our “productive” behavior is limited to playing games: there will still be room for acts of creativity and for engaging in meaningful relationships with others.

Systems and mechanisms of motion and stability applied in underwater vehicles although various but almost all rely on a conventional structure and frame work. In this paper in pursue of development a new mechanism in term of motion and performance, mainly biomimeticly inspired from fish flapping and their movement principles particularly flatfish, a new Micro Underwater Vehicle (MUV) is designed and fabricated. In modelling phase using ADAMS we simulated the dynamic performance of the mechanism. On the other hand in order to take the flexibility of the fins into account, we used ANSYS as a meshing tool. Linking these two software packages the modelling stages were completed.

Passively protected railway crossings are a major rail safety issue in Australia. Such crossings cannot be upgraded as such crossings are too numerous and the cost involved is prohibitive. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have been shown to improve road safety and are widely used. These systems could be a solution to improve safety of passively protected crossings at a lower cost. Such complementary ADAS could result in driver’s over-trust due to the absence of Humane Machine Interface reflecting the quality of the information or the state of the ADAS (failure status). This paper demonstrates that driver’s exposure to crossing exhibiting fail-safe and non-fail safe properties could result in improperly allocating trust between technologies. We conducted a driving simulator study where participants (N=58) were exposed to three types of level crossing warning system on passive and active crossings. The results show that a significant proportion of participants over-trust the ADAS. Such drivers exhibit the same driving performance with the ADAS as when exposed to infrastructure based active crossing protection. They do not take the necessary safety precautions as they have a faster speed approach, reduced number of gaze toward the rail tracks and fail to stop at the crossing.

Hydraulic hoses are key components used to transfer power in heavy industrial machinery. The routing of these hoses is currently performed late in the product design process because no accurate physical models of the hoses exist that allow designers to predict the path the hoses will follow when installed in the machine. Designers must either guess the path the hose will take based on prior experience or wait until the first product prototype is built in order to experiment with the hose routes. This paper describes the use of ADAMS, a commercially available dynamic modeling package, to predict hose paths. The hose path model was verified by comparing the predicted paths to the paths of real hoses.

Abstract Advanced Driving Assistance System (ADAS) provides warning and automatic control intervention to a human driver for accident avoidance and collision mitigation. To simultaneously minimize the human-machine conflict and enhance human trust in the driving assistance system, ADAS should take personalized driving characteristics into account to support a particular driver in an optimal manner. Typical Personalized Driving Assistance System (PDAS) trains a driver model offline via complicated machine learning algorithms and assumes that the trained driver model maintains reliable until the next model retraining phase. However, even for a specific driver, its driving style can vary substantially due to various factors, e.g., daily mood variation, weather condition, and hardware adaption. To account for the time-varying feature of the driving style, the physics-based driver-model parameter identification has been applied to achieve an authentic PDAS. The commonly employed online driver model parameter identification approach is the Least Square (LS) method. However, LS, leaning on the classical Persistence of Excitation (PE) condition, may have slow estimation convergence. Alternatively, this paper proposes a purely algebraic method for driver model parameter identification. This new approach can achieve almost instantaneous multiple parameter identification. Moreover, by periodically resetting the proposed algebraic identifier, time-varying parameters of the driver model can also be captured online. Simulations demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed algorithm.

The calculation of surface temperature on gas turbine blades in severe operating conditions requires a detailed knowledge of boundary layers behaviour. The prediction of laminar to turbulent transition as to existence and location, as well as the evaluation of heat transfer rates are major concerns. The program developed by SNECMA for this purpose is presented, in which models are introduced to take into account the main effects occuring on blades without film-cooling. The algorithm and discretisation scheme for boundary layer equations is Patankar and Spalding’s, with profiles initialization by Pohlhausen’s method. The turbulence and transition model, after Mc Donald and Fish, was improved in search for more stability and to have a better detection of the beginning of the transition. Adams and Johnston’s model for curvature, including propagation effects, was adapted to a transitional boundary layer. The validation tests of this program are described, which are based on numerous experimental data taken from a bibliography of tests over flat plates and blades. Other tests use heat transfer rate measurements conducted by SNECMA, together with VKI, on vanes and blades in non-rotating grids. The calculation results are further compared to the STAN5 program results; they show a superiority in predicting the transfer rates on a convex surface and for transitional boundary layers.

Most of chassis systems and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are developed independently. Car manufacturers have even separate departments to develop the two types of systems. Even though each system category is developed for a different objective, from a global vehicle motion control perspective, these systems may influence the same physical variable. If, from the design process, no supervisory strategy is ensured for both categories, the different systems may interact and generate unwanted behaviors. These interactions can be very unpredictable and may impact the global vehicle safety. Moreover, future automated vehicles will require additional innovative systems. This will make the vehicle over-actuated. The global vehicle motion control should take into account this aspect. New requirements for the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical dynamics should be addressed. Car manufacturers tend to develop tuned rule-based strategies for a specific set of integrated systems by studying different use-cases. On one hand, we cannot foresee all the possible conflicted scenarios. On the other hand, the more numerous the systems get, the more unpredictable the interactions become. The definition of use-cases will become harder or even non-scalable. Our research aims to develop an integrated control architecture where ADAS and chassis systems are optimally coordinated. This our work is based on rather a mathematical formalization of system interactions. This enables developing a multi-layered modular control architecture that starts with a high-level robust control to specify the motion of the car, and then distribute the control on the different implemented systems upstream the low-level controllers using an optimization-based control allocation strategy. This latter strategy is made flexible and extensible so if a new system should be implemented within the same car, the control designer does not have to redesign the overall architecture of the motion control. This remains valid for both ADAS and chassis systems control, and for both trajectory and speed control. To test this, we developed high fidelity vehicle models for different vehicles in Simcenter Amesim, and we implemented the overall control architecture in Matlab, then both softwares can be co-simulated. Through several scenarios, co-simulation results showed that the vehicle performance is improved when activating several systems at the same time with an optimal coordination. More severe situations can be handled at high velocities. In addition, the different systems can be made complementary so if one system fails, another completely different system can takeover the maneuver. The global vehicle is then safer without any redundancy of the advanced expensive systems.

Abstract Computer models of complex mechanical systems are being used more frequently and effectively due to ever increasing computing power. These models have improved the design process by allowing designers to create virtual prototypes of systems. Computer models permit iterative designs, thereby allowing the designer to run hundreds of simulations in the time it would take to make one physical model and test it. This ease of iteration has made design of experiments (DOE) analyses easy to carry out on the computer models. A DOE analysis provides excellent information regarding the specific output function being examined but may overlook some of the global effects that these changes may have on the system. A new design tool is developed in this work that addresses this deficiency. The new method greatly improves upon existing design tools such as DOE. Specifically, the new method augments a traditional DOE study with an Activity study, which focuses on the energy flow in the system and provides a larger picture of the system dynamics. Instead of using only a DOE to determine which elements’ properties should be changed, the Activity of the elements is also considered. This helps prevent altering a parameter or set of parameters to achieve a desired response at the expense of other unforeseen results. This idea is demonstrated by using an ADAMS model of a small production vehicle to design for improved ride. The example shows that design changes based on a DOE analysis alone can improve the ride quality, but also can alter other system responses significantly. When an Activity analysis is combined with the DOE study, the ride quality is improved, but the effects on other aspects of the system are greatly reduced. Augmentation of DOE with Activity allows a specific design goal to be achieved and also provides global information about the system. This allows the engineer to make informed decisions about the effects of changes on the system.

The optimization of Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) relies on approximating the real-valued weights with their binarized representations. Current techniques for weight-updating use the same approaches as traditional Neural Networks (NNs) with the extra requirement of using an approximation to the derivative of the sign function - as it is the Dirac-Delta function - for back-propagation; thus, efforts are focused adapting full-precision techniques to work on BNNs. In the literature, only one previous effort has tackled the problem of directly training the BNNs with bit-flips by using the first raw moment estimate of the gradients and comparing it against a threshold for deciding when to flip a weight (Bop). In this paper, we take an approach parallel to Adam which also uses the second raw moment estimate to normalize the first raw moment before doing the comparison with the threshold, we call this method Bop2ndOrder. We present two versions of the proposed optimizer: a biased one and a bias-corrected one, each with its own applications. Also, we present a complete ablation study of the hyperparameters space, as well as the effect of using schedulers on each of them. For these studies, we tested the optimizer in CIFAR10 using the BinaryNet architecture. Also, we tested it in ImageNet 2012 with the XnorNet and BiRealNet architectures for accuracy. In both datasets our approach proved to converge faster, was robust to changes of the hyperparameters, and achieved better accuracy values.

The paper analyzes the figure of William Thompson (1785-1833), a very versatile intellectual. Thompson was in fact a philosopher, a social scientist, a social reformer, a defender of women’s rights, but, above all, a moral and radical economist precursor of Marx’s theory of surplus value. This forerunner intuition of some basic assumptions of marxist theory of value should not allow Thompson to be counted among Ricardian Socialists, the group to which he has erroneously led back by many scholars of economic doctrines. Thompson’s main research topic can be deduced from the title of his most important scientific work: “An Inquiry into The Principles of Distribution of Wealth most conducive to Human Happiness”. The paper shows that the search for the natural laws of distribution of wealth which can ensure the achievement of the greatest quantity of human happiness at his time, led Thompson to an original combination of Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism, Robert Owen’s socialism, Adam Smith’s theory of value (not David Ricardo’s theory of value). This syncretism forced Thompson to take distance from Bentham on various topics (the concept of happiness like well-being not pleausure and like a relational good; the non-subordination of equality principle to safety principle); compelled Thompson to differentiate from Owen’s mutual co-operation in a more democratic, feminist and reformist direction; obliged Thompson to embrace a noninstrumental theory of value. At microeconomic level Thompson’s legacy can be found in the anticipation, inside his mutual co-operation social system, of Rochdale principles, which would later have been be the guiding principles of co-operative enterprises, integrated with the principle of public happiness, a Civil Economy notion. Key words: Ricardian Socialists, Smithianian Socialists, Cooperative Socialists, Benthamian Utilitarianism, Public Happiness

Abstract Human’s motion and its mechanisms had become interesting in the last years, where the medecine’s field search for rehabilitation methods for handicapped persons. Other fields, like sport sciences, professional or military world, search to distinguish profiles and ways to train them with specific purposes. Besides, recent findings in neuroscience try to describe these mechanisms from an organic point of view. Until now, different researchs had given a model about control motor that describes how the union between the senses’s information allows adaptable movements. One of this sense is the proprioception, the sense which has a quite big factor in the orientation and position of the body, its members and joints. For this reason, research for new strategies to explore proprioception and improve the theories of human motion could be done by three different vias. At first, the sense is analysed in a case-study where three groups of persons are compared in a controlled enviroment with three experimental tasks. The subjects belong to each group by the kind of sport they do: sedentary, normal sportsmen (e.g. athletics, swimming) and martial sportmen (e.g. karate, judo). They are compared thinking about the following hypothesis: “Martial Sportmen have a better proprioception than of the other groups’s subjects: It could be due to the type of exercises they do in their sports as empirically, a contact sportsman shows significantly superior motor skills to the members of the other two groups. The second via are records from encephalogram (EEG) while the experimental tasks are doing. These records are analised a posteriori with a set of processing algorithms to extract characteristics about brain’s activity of the proprioception and motion control. Finally , the study tries to integrate graphic tools to make easy to understand final scientific results which allow us to explore the brain activity of the subjects through easy interfaces (e.g. space-time events, activity intensity, connectivity, specific neural netwoks or anormal activity). In the future, this application could be a complement to assist doctors, researchers, sports center specialists and anyone who must improve the health and movements of handicapped persons. Keywords: proprioception, EEG, assesment, rehabilitation.References: Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 1: Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions. ManualTher.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.008. Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 2: Clinical assessment and intervention. Manual Ther.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.009. 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