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Journal articles on the topic 'Tauras'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Vanita Tripathi and Varun Bhandari. "Do Ethical Funds Underperform Conventional Funds? - Empirical Evidence from India." Think India 18, no. 3 (2015): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v18i3.7792.

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One of the significant developments in the investing community is the rise of socially responsible or ethical investments during last two decades. Because of the increasing size and importance of ethical mutual funds, this paper seeks to evaluate and compare the performance of ethical mutual funds with general funds and benchmark index (S&P BSE Shariah 500 Equity Index) in the Indian market. The sample comprises six ethical fund schemes and three general fund schemes of Tauras mutual fund over the period 2009-2014 using weekly NAVs. The study uses return, risk, risk-adjusted measures (Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Jensens alpha and information ratio), Famas decomposition measure, paired samples t-test, and growth regression equation to accomplish the objectives. The findings suggest that some of the ethical funds generated significantly higher return than other funds and benchmark index. Despite having higher risk, ethical funds outperformed other funds and benchmark index on the basis of various risk-adjusted measures and net selectivity returns. This indicates that the compromise made with respect to diversification by investing in ethical funds was well rewarded in terms of higher returns in Indian context. Our findings lend support to the case of ethical investing in India. Mutual funds and other investment funds should launch schemes which invest in socially responsible or ethical stocks.

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2

Bekešienė, S., and S. Sėrikovienė. "Quantum Chemical Calculations by Parallel Computer from Commodity PC." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 12, no. 4 (2007): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.2007.12.4.14677.

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Computational quantum chemistry helps us to determine, calculate, and study new concepts, compounds, reactions and mechanisms. Such way is very useful with compounds that require exceptionally care in their handling, such as explosives, decreasing risk to persons testing and maintenance costs in service. Computational quantum chemistry is the ground of molecular modeling, on prediction the behavior of individual molecules within a chemical system. The molecular modeling let us to obtain the molecular characteristics comparable with experimental date. In this way the molecular structures of for positional isomers of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were calculated by an ab initio HF/6-31G∗ method using self made local area personal computer (PC) cluster TAURAS. The cluster was made from heterogeneous commodity hardware of teaching class and for high performance computing (HPC) was used the SCore cluster system software developed in Japan. The structure and the features of the cluster are described and the performance is evaluated during solving of linear algebra testing tasks. During the determination of the structures of the positional isomers of TNT, the deformation of the phenyl ring and the distortions of the nitro and methyl groups were concern. The calculations confirmed that both of these were affected by the positions of nitro groups. A comparison of the calculated energies of all the isomers revealed the tendency to form the stable isomers when the close contact effects of the nitro groups were reduced.

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3

Kurdish Studies, Kurdish Studies. "Book Reviews." Kurdish Studies 4, no. 1 (2016): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v4i1.409.

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David L. Phillips, The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East, New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2015. 268 pp., (ISBN-13: 978-1412856805).Bedross Der Matossian, Shattered Dreams of Revolution: From Liberty to Violence in the Late Ottoman Empire, Stanford, California : Stanford University Press, 2014, 264 pp., (ISBN: 9780804791472). Yaniv Voller, The Kurdish Liberation Movement in Iraq: From Insurgency to Statehood, Oxon: Routledge, 2014, 190 pp., (ISBN: 978-0-415-70724-4).Özlem Galip, Imagining Kurdistan: Identity, Culture and Society, London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2015, 311 pp., (ISBN: 978 1 78453 016 7).Mahir A. Aziz, The Kurds of Iraq: Nationalism and Identity in Iraqi Kurdistan, London and New York: I.B. Taurus, 2015, 163 pp., (ISBN: 978-1-78453-273-4).

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4

Yashina, I. N., A. V. Ivanov, and S. A. Troshina. "Latent Morphofunctional Asymmetry of the Femur of Bos Taurus Taurus." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 7, no. 1 (2018): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-1-87-90.

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5

Goldweber, Michael. "TauRUs." ACM Inroads 2, no. 2 (2011): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1963533.1963547.

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6

Xia, Yu, Xiangyao Yu, Andrew Pavlo, and Srinivas Devadas. "Taurus." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, no. 2 (2020): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3425879.3425889.

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7

Maas, Martin, Krste Asanović, Tim Harris, and John Kubiatowicz. "Taurus." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 51, no. 4 (2016): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2954679.2872386.

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Maas, Martin, Krste Asanović, Tim Harris, and John Kubiatowicz. "Taurus." ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 50, no. 2 (2016): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2954680.2872386.

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9

Maas, Martin, Krste Asanović, Tim Harris, and John Kubiatowicz. "Taurus." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 44, no. 2 (2016): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2980024.2872386.

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10

Westrheim, Kariane, Michael Gunter, Yener Koc, et al. "Book Reviews." Kurdish Studies 1, no. 1 (2014): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v2i2.402.

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Adem Uzun, “Living Freedom”: The Evolution of the Kurdish Conflict in Turkey and the Efforts to Resolve it. Berghof Transitions Series No. 11. Berlin: Berghof Foundation, 2014. 48 pp., (ISBN: 978-3-941514-16-4).Ebru Sönmez, Idris-i Bidlisi: Ottoman Kurdistan and Islamic Legitimacy, Libra Kitap, Istanbul, 2012, 190 pp., (ISBN: 978-605-4326-56-3). Sabri Ateş, The Ottoman–Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843-1914, New York; Cambridge University Press, 2013. 366., (ISBN: 978-1107033658). Choman Hardi, Gendered Experiences of Genocide: Anfal Survivors in Kurdistan-Iraq. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington Vermont: Ashgate, 2011, xii + 217 pp., (ISBN: 978-0-7546-7715-4).Harriet Allsopp, The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East, London and New York, I.B. Tauris, 2014, 299 pp., (ISBN: 978-1780765631).Khanna Omarkhali (ed.), Religious Minorities in Kurdistan: Beyond the Mainstream [Studies in Oriental Religions, Volume 68], Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2014, xxxviii + 423 pp., (ISBN: 978-3-447-10125-7).Anna Grabole-Çeliker, Kurdish Life in Contemporary Turkey: Migration, Gender and Ethnic Identity, London: I.B. Taurus, 2013, 299 pp., (ISBN: 978-1780760926).

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11

Wang, Zezhao, Haoran Ma, Lei Xu, et al. "Genome-Wide Scan Identifies Selection Signatures in Chinese Wagyu Cattle Using a High-Density SNP Array." Animals 9, no. 6 (2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060296.

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Selective breeding can lead to genetic diversity and diverse phenotypes in farm animals. Analysis of the genomic regions under selection can provide important insights into the genetic basis of complex traits. In this study, a high-density SNP array was used for analysis of genome selection signatures in Chinese Wagyu cattle. In total, we obtained 478,903 SNPs and 24,820 no-overlap regions for |iHS| (integrated haplotype score) estimations. Under the threshold of the top 1%, 239 regions were finally identified as candidate selected regions and 162 candidate genes were found based on the UMD3.1 genome assembly. These genes were reported to be associated with fatty acids, such as Bos taurus nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP), Bos taurus hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 7 (HSD17B7), Bos taurus WD repeat domain 7 (WDR7), Bos taurus ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2), Bos taurus calpain 1 (CAPN1), Bos taurus parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN, also known as PARK2), Bos taurus mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAP2K6), meat quality, including Bos taurus ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (ADAM12), Bos taurus 5′-aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1), Bos taurus small integral membrane protein 13 (SMIM13) and Bos taurus potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2 (KCNK2), growth, and developmental traits, such as Bos taurus insulin like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), Bos taurus RAR related orphan receptor A (RORA), Bos taurus fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14), Bos taurus paired box 6 (PAX6) and Bos taurus LIM homeobox 6 (LHX6). In addition, we identified several genes that are associated with body size and weight, including Bos taurus sorting nexin 29 (SNX29), Bos taurus zinc finger imprinted 2 (ZIM2), Bos taurus family with sequence similarity 110 member A (FAM110A), immune system, including Bos taurus toll like receptor 9 (TLR9), Bos taurus TAFA chemokine like family member 1 (TAFA1), Bos taurus glutathione peroxidase 8 (putative) (GPX8), Bos taurus interleukin 5 (IL5), Bos taurus PR domain containing 9 (PRDM9), Bos taurus glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2 (GRIK2) and feed intake efficiency, Bos taurus sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9 (SCN9A), Bos taurus relaxin family peptide/INSL5 receptor 4 (RXFP4), Bos taurus RNA polymerase II associated protein 3 (RPAP3). Moreover, four GO terms of biological regulation (GO:0009987, GO:0008152) and metabolic process (GO:0003824, GO:0005488) were found based on these genes. In addition, we found that 232 candidate regions (~18 Mb) overlapped with the Quantitative trait loci (QTL)regions extracted from cattle QTLdb. Our findings imply that many genes were selected for important traits in Chinese Wagyu cattle. Moreover, these results can contribute to the understanding of the genetic basis of the studied traits during the formation of this population.

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12

Silva, K. C. F., G. M. G. Santos, L. S. Siloto, et al. "223 PREANTRAL FOLLICLES POPULATION IN BOS TAURUS INDICUS AND BOS TAURUS TAURUS FEMALES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab223.

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Bos taurus indicus females provide a greater in vivo oocyte recovery (2-4 times more) in comparision with Bos taurus taurus. This aspect has strongly contributed for the success of the embryo industry in Brazil. Little information is available to explain this difference. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that the difference in oocyte yield is a result of higher numbers of preantral follicles in the ovaries of B. indicus females. Ovaries (n = 44) of fetuses aging from 180 to 240 days and of heifers from 20 and 24 months were collected from Bos taurus indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus taurus (Aberdeen Angus) females at a slaughterhouse. Fetal age was estimated from the crown-rump length (Evans HE and Sack WO 1973 Anat. Hist. Embryol. 2, 11-45). Ovaries from Nelore fetuses (n = 10) and heifers (n = 12) and Aberdeen Angus fetuses (n = 10) and heifers (n = 12) were cut longitudinally into two halves, fixed in Bouin’s solution, and processed for histological evaluation. The ovarian halves were dehydrated in alcohol, cleared with xylene, embbebed in paraffin, and serially sectioned at 7 μm. Every 120th section was mounted and stained with periodic acid Schiff and hematoxylin. The number of preantral follicles was estimated through the counting of follicles in each section using the nucleus of the oocyte as a marker and a correction factor (Gougeon A and Chainy GBN 1987 J. Reprod. Fertil. 81, 433-442). Only 1 ovary per female was analyzed. Preantral follicles were classified according to the developmental stage as primordial (1 layer of flattened granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte), primary (1 layer of cuboidal granulosa cells), or secondary (2 or more layers of cuboidal granulosa cells), and as normal or degenerated according to their morphological appearance. The number of preantral follicles was not normally distributed and was compared using the Mann-Whitney test. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between the average number of preantral follicles in the ovaries of Bos indicus and Bos taurus females. The average number of preantral follicles per female was 143 929 ± 253 (mean ± SD) and 285 155 ± 570 for Bos taurus and Bos indicus fetuses, respectively, and 76 851 ± 280 and 109 673 ± 293 for Bos taurus and Bos indicus heifers (P > 0.05), respectively. A large variation in numbers of preantral follicles was observed among individuals within the same category and between breeds. Our results suggest that there might be differences in mechanisms controlling follicle development after the preantral stage accounting for the greater oocyte yield from Bos indicus females. This work was supported by grants from the Universidad Nacional del Litoral (CAI+D program), Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, the Argentine National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (ANPCyT), and the Argentine National Council for Science and Technology (CONICET).

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13

Scavone, Marcia D. P., Claudio Oliveira, Luzia Aparecida Trinca, and Fausto Foresti. "Synaptomenal Complex Analysis of Four Breeds ofBos Taurus Taurus x B. Taurus IndicusHybrids." Hereditas 133, no. 1 (2000): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.2000.00073.x.

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14

Dunaievska, O. F. "ANATOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SPLEEN BOS TAURUS TAURUS L." Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine 1, no. 1 (2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.29254/2077-4214-2019-1-1-148-265-268.

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15

Bertan, Claudia Maria, Mario Binelli, and Ed Hoffmann Madureira. "Caracterização do estro de novilhas cruzadas (Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus) por radiotelemetria." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 43, no. 6 (2006): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2006.26562.

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Embora a técnica de inseminação artificial (IA) apresente inúmeras vantagens, no Brasil é empregada em apenas 7% das fêmeas de corte. Falhas na detecção de estros constituem o principal fator limitante para a obtenção de êxito no emprego da técnica. Um sistema eletrônico, que se baseia na radiotelemetria, foi desenvolvido para a detecção de estros. Este sistema fornece o registro da data, horário e duração das montas ocorridas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, pelo sistema de radiotelemetria, as características comportamentais de estro em novilhas cruzadas de corte (Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus), criadas em regime extensivo, na região sudoeste do Brasil. A hipótese testada foi que a duração dos estros e o número de montas são bastante variáveis entre as fêmeas e que a maioria das montas ocorre no período noturno. Para a sincronização dos estros as novilhas receberam 0,5mg de MGA/cabeça/dia, uma vez ao dia, durante 8 dias, e uma injeção de 15mg de luprostiol (PG) via IM no último dia da ingestão de MGA. Os estros foram registrados pelo sistema de radiotelemetria "Heat-Watch", durante um período de até 120 horas após a aplicação de PG. A duração média dos estros foi de 10,4 + 5,7 horas, duração que variou de 45 minutos a 22,7 horas. O número médio de montas foi de 26,2 + 13,6 e variou de 3 a 81 montas. A duração média das montas foi de 2,7 + 0,3 segundos. Dransfield et al.¹ classificaram os estros em curta (< 7 horas) e longa (>; 7 horas) duração e baixa (< 1,5 montas/hora) e alta (>; 1,5 montas/hora) intensidade. Houve uma maior incidência dos estros de longa duração quando comparados aos de curta duração (72,8% vs. 27,2%; P<0,05) e uma maior incidência dos estros de alta intensidade quando comparados aos de baixa intensidade (70,2% vs. 29,8%; P<0,05). A média geral de montas diurnas foi de 10,0 + 9,7 (das 7:00 às 19:00 horas) e de montas noturnas de 13,0 + 12,4 (das 19:00 às 7:00 horas), sendo que não foi observado efeito de período do dia no número de montas (P=0,08). No presente estudo confirmou-se a hipótese de que o comportamento de estro é extremamente variável entre as fêmeas, mas não a de que a maioria das montas ocorre no período noturno.

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16

Eberhardt, Bruno G., Rafael A. Satrapa, Cláudia R. L. Capinzaiki, Luzia A. Trinca, and Ciro M. Barros. "Influence of the breed of bull (Bos taurus indicus vs. Bos taurus taurus) and the breed of cow (Bos taurus indicus, Bos taurus taurus and crossbred) on the resistance of bovine embryos to heat." Animal Reproduction Science 114, no. 1-3 (2009): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.09.008.

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17

Silva, Antônio Rodrigues da, Antonio Sergio Ferraudo, Dilermando Perecin, and Vera Fernanda Martins Hossepian de Lima. "Abordagem multivariada envolvendo características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen bovino, idade dos touros e época de colheita de sêmen." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, no. 7 (2009): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009000700010.

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Avaliaram-se as relações entre características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen de bovinos das subespécies Bos taurus taurus e Bos taurus indicus com a idade dos touros e a época de colheita do sêmen. Utilizaram-se observações feitas durante o período de 1993 a 1999, em 42 touros com 12 a 174 meses de idade, divididos em cinco classes: Bos taurus taurus - 12 a 36 meses; 37 a 60 meses; 61 a 84 meses; 85 a 108 meses; e 109 a 138 meses; e Bos taurus indicus - 12 a 42 meses; 43 a 72 meses; 73 a 102 meses; 103 a 132 meses; e 133 a 174 meses. As características analisadas foram: volume, turbilhonamento espermático, concentração espermática, motilidade espermática, vigor espermático, anormalidades espermáticas e integridade do acrossoma. No processamento das análises, utilizaram-se as médias das características em cada classe de idade e o mês de colheita de sêmen durante o período de 1993 a 1999. As técnicas estatísticas multivariadas de componentes principais e de agrupamento hierárquico mostraram resultados que podem contribuir na escolha de sêmen de melhor qualidade. As classes 103 a 132 meses e 133 a 174 meses para a subespécie Bos taurus indicus e a classe de idade 109 a 138 meses para a subespécie Bos taurus taurus foram as mais contrastantes. Para ambas as subespécies, nos meses mais úmidos, o sêmen apresentou menor qualidade, principalmente na subespécie Bos taurus taurus. As características do sêmen mais contrastantes no estudo por classes e no período de coleta de sêmen foram: vigor espermático, motilidade espermática, concentração espermática, integridade do acrossoma e anormalidades terciárias no sêmen.

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18

Hiendleder, S., H. D. Reichenbach, H. Wenigerkind, et al. "39MATERNAL ORIGIN OF OOCYTES AFFECTS IN UTERO DEVELOPMENTAL CAPACITY AND PHENOTYPE OF BOVINE NUCLEAR TRANSFER FETUSES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab39.

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Epigenetic phenomena have been recognized as an important issue in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and have been linked to SCNT success rate. We have previously reported a significant maternal lineage effect of oocyte donors on the number of transferable embryos obtained after SCNT (Brüggerhoff et al., 2002 Biol. Reprod. 66, 367–373), pointing to ooplasmic maternal genetic/epigenetic factors important for early embryonic development. We have now extended this study and generated a set of cloned embryos using recipient oocyte pools from defined or random maternal sources that were identified by pedigree data and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype, to study effects of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions on in utero developmental capacity and fetal phenotype. Embryos were reconstructed from granulosa cells of a Bos taurus (Brown Swiss) cow using oocytes with B. taurus A (Simmental), B. taurus B (Simmental), B. indicus (Dwarf Zebu), or random B. taurus (Brown Swiss) cytoplasm. Two to three embryos per recipient heifer (Simmental) were transferred on Day 7 after SCNT, and fetuses were recovered after slaughter of recipients on Day 80. The number of pregnancies obtained per transferred embryo on Day 28 was similar for the B. taurus combinations (0.11–0.15) but much higher for a limited number of embryos reconstructed with B. indicus cytoplasm (0.50). Developmental capacity of embryos derived from the four oocyte pools varied considerably and resulted in 8 (11.1%), 3 (4.6%), 2 (33%) and 10 (15.2%) viable fetuses with B. taurus A, B. taurus B, B. indicus and random B. taurus cytoplasm, respectively. When fetuses in resorption were included, however, the percentages for recovered fetuses on Day 80 were similar (12.5, 13.8 and 16.7%) in all B. taurus combinations. Body weight, crown rump length, thorax circumference (P&lt;0.05), and femur length (P&lt;0.01) of viable fetuses with B. taurus A cytoplasm differed from fetuses with random B. taurus cytoplasm and showed less variation. Furthermore, body weights of fetuses with B. taurus A or B, or B. indicus cytoplasm, were not significantly different from those of B. taurus (Brown Swiss) control fetuses produced by artificial insemination, but fetuses reconstructed with cytoplasts from randomly collected B. taurus oocytes indicated fetal overgrowth (80.6±6.5g v. 107.9±5.8g, P&lt;0.01). Our data point to complex ooplasm-dependent epigenetic modifications and/or nuclear DNA mtDNA interactions that affect developmental capacity and fetal weight and dimensions in SCNT. This might also be relevant for crossbreeding in farm animals and other reproductive technologies such as ooplasmic transfer in human-assisted reproduction

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19

Khatsaeva, R. M. "INFLUENCE SPECIAL AND POWER ON MORPHOLOGY FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES MULYSE SMYSIT AND SYMBIOCENOSES BOS TAURUS TAURUS." Научное обозрение. Биологические науки (Scientific Review. Biological Sciences), no. 1 2020 (2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/srbs.1179.

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20

Tims, Jodi L., and Susan R. Williams. "The TauRUs project." ACM Inroads 3, no. 1 (2012): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2077808.2077827.

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21

Essinger, James. "Taurus—An obituary." Computer Audit Update 1993, no. 4 (1993): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-2593(93)90164-v.

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22

Heaton, Michael P., Timothy P. L. Smith, Derek M. Bickhart, et al. "A Reference Genome Assembly of Simmental Cattle, Bos taurus taurus." Journal of Heredity 112, no. 2 (2021): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esab002.

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Abstract Genomics research has relied principally on the establishment and curation of a reference genome for the species. However, it is increasingly recognized that a single reference genome cannot fully describe the extent of genetic variation within many widely distributed species. Pangenome representations are based on high-quality genome assemblies of multiple individuals and intended to represent the broadest possible diversity within a species. A Bovine Pangenome Consortium (BPC) has recently been established to begin assembling genomes from more than 600 recognized breeds of cattle, together with other related species to provide information on ancestral alleles and haplotypes. Previously reported de novo genome assemblies for Angus, Brahman, Hereford, and Highland breeds of cattle are part of the initial BPC effort. The present report describes a complete single haplotype assembly at chromosome-scale for a fullblood Simmental cow from an F1 bison–cattle hybrid fetus by trio binning. Simmental cattle, also known as Fleckvieh due to their red and white spots, originated in central Europe in the 1830s as a triple-purpose breed selected for draught, meat, and dairy production. There are over 50 million Simmental cattle in the world, known today for their fast growth and beef yields. This assembly (ARS_Simm1.0) is similar in length to the other bovine assemblies at 2.86 Gb, with a scaffold N50 of 102 Mb (max scaffold 156.8 Mb) and meets or exceeds the continuity of the best Bos taurus reference assemblies to date.

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Seabury, C. M., P. M. Seabury, J. E. Decker, R. D. Schnabel, J. F. Taylor, and J. E. Womack. "Diversity and evolution of 11 innate immune genes in Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus cattle." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 1 (2009): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913006107.

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24

Paschoal, D. M., M. J. Sudano, T. S. Rascado, et al. "38 VITRIFICATION OF BOS TAURUS INDICUS AND BOS TAURUS INDICUS×BOS TAURUS TAURUS EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF FETAL CALF SERUM." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab38.

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In vitro-produced Bos taurus indicus (zebu) and Bos taurus indicus × Bos taurus taurus (cross-bred) embryos behave differently when vitrified. The present experiment aimed to examine the effect of vitrification on embryos produced in the presence or absence of FCS. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were matured in TCM-199 and fertilized in human tubal fluid medium with frozen Nelore bull semen. On Day 1 (Day 0 = IVF), presumptive zygotes were cultured with SOFaa + BSA in the presence of FCS (Group 2.5%) or in the absence of FCS (Group 0%) until Day 7. The cleavage was analysed on Day 3 and the blastocyst rate on Day 7. Blastocysts were vitrified and, after warming (Campos-Chillòn et al. 2006) the viability was evaluated. Data were analysed with ANOVA, using the general linear model (GLM) of SAS (SAS Inst Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Sources of variation in the model included FCS concentration and first-order interactions; all factors were considered fixed effects. The arcsine transformation (√y/100) was applied to percentage data. If the ANOVA was significant, means were separated using the Tukey test. There was no difference in cleavage (for zebu embryos: Group 0%: 87.2 ± 6.8; Group 2.5%: 87.4 ± 9.5; for cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 79.6 ± 11.9; Group 2.5%: 73.1 ± 13.7; P > 0.05). On the other hand, zebu embryos cultured in the presence of FCS reached blastocysts at a higher rate than cross-bred embryos in the absence of FCS (for zebu embryos: Group 0%: 33.3 ± 12.4ab; Group 2.5%: 46.8 ± 13.2a; for cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 21.8 ± 8.3b; Group 2.5%: 33.6 ± 10.1ab; P < 0.05). After vitrification and warming, no significant differences in re-expansion rate (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 82.7 ± 13.1; Group 2.5%: 75.0 ± 9.8; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 93.7 ± 8.8; Group 2.5%: 84.1 ± 11.3; P > 0.05) and cell number per embryo (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 65.1 ± 34.7; Group 2.5%: 42.6 ± 17.2; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 64.3 ± 44.2; Group 2.5%: 52.0 ± 31.5; P > 0.05) between species groups and within species were seen. However for zebu embryos, Group 0% showed a lower damaged cell rate than Group 2.5%. The same effect was not observed in the cross-bred embryos (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 20.3 ± 22.7c; Group 2.5%: 63.3 ± 27.0d; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 25.4 ± 24.3cd; Group 2.5%: 45.8 ± 34.6cd; P < 0.05). The addition of 2.5% FCS had a higher deleterious effect on zebu embryos than cross-bred (zebu × taurine) embryos after vitrification. These results also reinforce the species differences observed between zebu and cross-bred, as they behaved differently in relation to the addition of FCS in the culture medium and in relation to their cryopreservation sensitivity. Supported by FAPESP 10/50410-2.

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Simorangkir, Sri Lina BL. "Memahami Penerapan Taurat Pada Masa Yesus dan Implikasinya Dalam Menghayati Firman Tuhan Pada Masa Kini." Jurnal Teologi Berita Hidup 3, no. 1 (2020): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.38189/jtbh.v3i1.55.

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The development of the Jewish nation in observing the Torah from the time of the Babylonian exile to the time of Jesus' presence in Judea continued, both amidst the changing cultural effects of politics on the existing government. The Torah is a reference for the Jewish people to live by in worship and in their daily life. The Jewish Torah strictly rules the norms relating to personal and social morals. The material of the Torah had developed at the time of Jesus, been added with interpretations of the 'letters' of the Torah, new attitudes of behavior, which were increasingly distant and increasingly difficult to do. The way they understand the Torah is seen in the attitude and manner of the teachings of Jesus. The scribes were adept at interpreting the Torah literally with convoluted explanations. Jesus declared that He came to fulfill the Torah. The application of the application of the Torah for the present time appears in spiritual values such as spiritual understanding of God's Word, Bible study, understanding the current passages of the Torah, as well as the need for one's qualifications to live the Word of God. Therefore, today we need hermeneutic principles so that we don't misinterpret the Bible.Perkembangan bangsa Yahudi dalam melakukan Taurat sejak dari masa pembuangan di Babel sampai pada masa kehadiran Yesus di Yudea terus berlanjut, baik di tengah perubahan budaya maupun dampak politik pada pemerintah yang ada saat itu. Taurat menjadi acuan pegangan hidup bangsa Yahudi dalam ibadah dan dalam hidup sehari-hari. Taurat orang Yahudi sangat ketat mengatur norma-norma yang menyangkut moral pribadi dan sosial. Materi Taurat sudah berkembang pada masa Yesus, ditambah dengan tafsiran-tafsiran ‘huruf’ Taurat, pedoman sikap tingkah laku, yang semakin jauh dan semakin sulit dilakukan. Cara mereka memahami Taurat yang terlihat pada sikap dan cara menanggapi ajaran Yesus. Para ahli Taurat mahir dalam menginterpretasikan Taurat secara harafiah dengan keterangan berbelit-belit. Yesus menyatakan bahwa Ia datang untuk menggenapi Taurat. Implikasi penerapan Taurat untuk masa kini muncul pada nilai-nilai rohani seperti kebangunan rohani memahami Firman Tuhan, pendalaman Alkitab, memahami perikop-perikop Taurat untuk masa kini, serta perlu kualifikasi seseorang dalam menghayati Firman Allah. Maka untuk itu di masa kini perlu prinsip-prinsip Hermeneutik agar tidak keliru dalam menafsir Alkitab.

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Green, R. D., L. V. Cundiff, G. E. Dickerson, and T. G. Jenkins. "Output/input differences among nonpregnant, lactating Bos indicus-Bos taurus and Bos taurus-Bos taurus F1 cross cows." Journal of Animal Science 69, no. 8 (1991): 3156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1991.6983156x.

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Constantinoiu, C. C., L. A. Jackson, W. K. Jorgensen, et al. "Local immune response against larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Bos taurus indicus and Bos taurus taurus cattle." International Journal for Parasitology 40, no. 7 (2010): 865–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.01.004.

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Oliveira, Fabrício Albani, Ítalo Câmara de Almeida, Larissa Marchiori Sena, Jurandy Mauro Penitente-Filho, and Ciro Alexandre Alves Torres. "Recombinant bovine somatotropin in the synchronization of ovulation in crossbred dairy cows (Bos taurus indicus × Bos taurus taurus)." April-2020 13, no. 4 (2020): 746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.746-750.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) at the moment of implementation of the timed artificial insemination protocol, on follicular dynamics and pregnancy rate in crossbred cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 346 cows were used in two experiments with a factorial 2×2 design. The cycling cows (Tcycling) and the anestrous cows (Tanestrous) were considered as factor 1 and the administration of rbST (TrbST) or not (Tcontrol) as factor 2. The experimental protocol: (1) Tcontrol – day 0 (D0), insertion of a progesterone-release intravaginal device (PRID) plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB); D8, PRID removal, plus 0.150 mg of prostaglandin F2α, and 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin; D9, 1 mg of EB; and with artificial insemination at day 10; (2) TrbST – similar to Tcontrol plus 500 mg of rbST on D0. In experiment I, ultrasound examinations were performed in all treatments. In experiment II, the cows' pregnancy rate was evaluated. Data were analyzed with 5% probability. Results: There was no effect of the protocols on cows cyclicity or follicular growth rate (p>0.05). There was no interaction of the effects, administration of rbST, and the cyclicity of cows on the pregnancy rate. The total pregnancy rate observed was 49.0%. The pregnancy rate in cows receiving rbST was lower for anestrous compared with cycling cows (p<0.05). Conclusion: The administration of rbST did not alter the patterns of follicular dynamics nor the ovulation rate. However, cows in anestrous that received rbST had lower pregnancy rates than cycling cows.

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Anderle, Hans-Jürgen, and Martin Hottenrott. "Taunus." Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 75 (October 30, 2011): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/sdgg/75/2011/344.

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Briceño, César, Kevin L. Luhman, Lee Hartmann, John R. Stauffer, and J. Davy Kirkpatrick. "The Brown Dwarf Deficit in Taurus: Evidence for a Non-Universal IMF." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 211 (2003): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900210322.

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We present the results of a deep, optical/IR wide field imaging survey of selected fields in the nearby (d~ 140 pc) Taurus star-forming region. We report the discovery of 9 new members with spectral types M5.75–M9.5. We derive an Initial Mass Function encompassing 54% of the known members in Taurus. Comparison with dense regions like the Trapezium Cluster in Orion shows that Taurus has produced x2 less brown dwarfs. We suggest that the lower frequency of brown dwarfs in Taurus may result from the low-density star-forming environment, leading to larger minimum Jeans masses.

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Curi, Rogério Abdallah, Lígia Souza Lima Silveira da Mota, and Antônio Carlos Silveira. "Mitochondrial DNA of Nellore and European x Nellore crossing cattle of high performance." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 42, no. 8 (2007): 1203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2007000800019.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate, through a polymorphism in the ND5 gene of the bovine mitochondrial DNA, the frequency of Bos taurus indicus mtDNA individuals in a sample of Nellore purebred origin animals (n = 69) and crossbred animals originated from crosses of European sires and Nellore purebred origin females (n = 275). Only 2.26% (8/354) of the animals presented Bos taurus indicus mtDNA. The high frequency of Bos taurus taurus mtDNA in these animals can be a consequence of selection, once the animals studied are originated from selected lineages of high performance for meat production.

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Antonangelo, Ana Teresa B. F., Débora Colombi, Rogério A. Curi, Antonio S. K. Braz, Trícia M. Oliveira, and Lígia S. L. S. da Mota. "Detection and quantification of Duffy antigen on bovine red blood cell membranes using a polyclonal antibody." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32, no. 9 (2012): 936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2012000900020.

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Babesiosis is one of the most important diseases affecting livestock agriculture worldwide. Animals from the subspecies Bos taurus indicus are more resistant to babesiosis than those from Bos taurus taurus. The genera Babesia and Plasmodium are Apicomplexa hemoparasites and share features such as invasion of red blood cells (RBC). The glycoprotein Duffy is the only human erythrocyte receptor for Pasmodium vivax and a mutation which abolishes expression of this glycoprotein on erythrocyte surfaces is responsible for making the majority of people originating from the indigenous populations of West Africa resistant to P. vivax. The current work detected and quantified the Duffy antigen on Bos taurus indicus and Bos taurus taurus erythrocyte surfaces using a polyclonal antibody in order to investigate if differences in susceptibility to Babesia are due to different levels of Duffy antigen expression on the RBCs of these animals, as is known to be the case in human beings for interactions of Plasmodium vivax-Duffy antigen. ELISA tests showed that the antibody that was raised against Duffy antigens detected the presence of Duffy antigen in both subspecies and that the amount of this antigen on those erythrocyte membranes was similar. These results indicate that the greater resistance of B. taurus indicus to babesiosis cannot be explained by the absence or lower expression of Duffy antigen on RBC surfaces.

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Barrera, Gloria Patricia, Rodrigo Alfredo Martínez, and Manuel Fernando Ariza. "Identificación de ADN mitocondrial Bos taurus en poblaciones de ganado Cebú Brahman colombiano." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 7, no. 2 (2007): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol7_num2_art:66.

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<p>El continente americano fue colonizado en el siglo XVI por los europeos quienes introdujeron por primera vez el ganado bovino de origen <em>Bos taurus</em>. La introducción de ganado <em>Bos indicus </em>ocurrió muchos años después, con las primeras importaciones desde la India, las cuales incluyeron principalmente machos. Con el fin de estudiar la participación de hembras <em>Bos taurus </em>en el origen del ganado Cebú colombiano, se secuenció un fragmento del ADN mitocondrial de 374 pb (<em>D-Loop</em>) en seis animales de la raza Cebú Brahman colombiano y 20 individuos representativos de las cinco razas criollas colombianas: seis de Blanco Orejinegro (BON), cinco de Costeño con Cuernos (CCC), tres de Romosinuano (ROMO), cuatro de Casanareño (CAS) y dos de San Martinero (SM). Adicionalmente, para el mismo fragmento se secuenciaron dos individuos de la raza española Pirenaica, como referente <em>Bos taurus</em>. La comparación de las secuencias reveló que los animales de la raza Cebú Brahman colombiano analizados presentaron ADN mitocondrial de origen taurino con mayor cercanía respecto de las razas criollas de origen <em>Bos taurus </em>europeo que con relación a las secuencias consenso <em>Bos indicus</em>, frente a las que se hallaron mayores divergencias. Adicionalmente, las divergencias de las razas criollas colombianas con respecto al consenso <em>Bos taurus </em>europeo variaron entre 0,005 y 0,014, resultado que sugiere la participación de matrilineajes <em>Bos taurus </em>en el origen del Cebú Brahman colombiano.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Identification of mitochondrial DNA of Bos taurus origin in Colombian Zebu Brahman cattle </strong></p><p>The American continent was colonised in the XVI century by the Europeans who introduced the Bos taurus cattle. The introduction of Bos indicus cattle was done a few years later with cattle from India, mainly males. In order to study the participation of Bos Taurus females in the origin of the Colombian Zebu cattle, a 374 bp mitochondrial DNA fragment was sequenced (D-Loop) in six animals belonging to Colombian Zebu Brahman breed and 20 individuals representative of he five Colombian native breeds: 6 of Blanco Orejinegro (BON), five of Costeño Con Cuernos (CCC), three of Romosinuano (ROMO), four of Casanareño (CAS) and two of San Martinero (SM). As a reference to Bos taurus, two individuals of the Spanish Pirenaica breed were also sequenced for the same fragment. Comparison between sequences revealed that the Zebu Brahman cattle has mitochondrial DNA of Bos Taurus origin and closer to the native breeds of Spanish origin. Although described as Bos indicus, it showed the lowest genetic divergence when compared with the consensus sequence of European Bos taurus. The genetic divergences of the Colombian native breeds compared with the European Bos Taurus ranged between 0.005 and 0.014. This suggests the participation of Bos taurus matrilineages in the origin of the Colombian Zebu Brahman cattle.</p>

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Manurung, Kosma. "Taurat dan Nubuat Palsu: Kajian Sudut Pandang Taurat Terhadap Nubuat Palsu." Jurnal Teologi Berita Hidup 2, no. 2 (2020): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.38189/jtbh.v2i2.31.

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Abstract: The purpose of this research is to present the Torah's view of false prophecy. The methodology used in this article uses text analysis and literature review. This article describes how false prophecy occurred in the Torah, the source of false prophecy, the entrance of false prophecy, and its consequences to mankind. Based on the results of this study in the Torah's view, false prophecies originated by the devil as the father of all liars who entered through the human desire and then resulted in the destruction of the relationship between God and man resulting in prolonged sin and suffering for humanity.Abstrak: Adapun tujuan penelitian artikel ini adalah ingin memaparkan sudut pandang Taurat terhadap nubuat palsu. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam artikel ini menggunakan analisis teks dan kajian literatur. Artikel ini menggambarkan bagaimana nubuat palsu dalam Taurat, sumber nubuat palsu, jalan masuk nubuat palsu, dan akibatnya bagi manusia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dalam pandangan Taurat, nubuat palsu berasal dari iblis sebagai bapak segala pendusta yang masuk melalui keinginan daging manusia yang kemudian mengakibatkan hancurannya hubungan antara Allah dan manusia sehingga mengakibatkan dosa dan penderitaan yang berkepanjangan bagi manusia.

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Hoskin, Michael, Peter Hochsieder, and Doris Knösel. "The Orientations of the Taulas of Menorca (2): The Remaining Taulas." Journal for the History of Astronomy 21, no. 15 (1990): S37—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182869002101504.

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Tawonezvi, H. P. R., H. K. Ward, J. C. M. Trail, and D. Light. "Evaluation of beef breeds for rangeland weaner production in Zimbabwe 2. Productivity of crossbred cows and heterosis estimates." Animal Science 47, no. 3 (1988): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100003494.

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ABSTRACTCrossbred cows were evaluated for reproductive performance and live weight, and for pre-weaning growth and viability of progeny sired by seven unrelated breeds. They were also evaluated on overall productivity expressed as weight of weaned calf per cow mated per year, per 100 kg of cow per year and per 100 kg metabolic weight of cow per year. The cows comprised reciprocals of Africander with Mashona, Nkone, Brahman and Sussex, one-way crosses sired by Sussex out of Mashona, Nkone and Brahman dams, and by Charolais out of Africander, Mashona, Nkone, Brahman and Sussex dams. These represented sanga × sanga, sanga × zebu, Bos taurus × sanga, Bos taurus × zebu and Bos taurus × Bos taurus crossbred types. Bos taurus × zebu crosses were superior to other breed types for all the three productivity indices and for virtually all the individual components of these. There was little difference between the other four breed types in overall productivity of components of these. Differences between reciprocals were observed in sanga × sanga and sanga × zebu, cows with Africander dams being more productive than reciprocals with Mashona, Nkone and Brahman dams. The Bos taurus × Bos taurus cross was inferior in overall productivity primarily due to large cow weight and relatively low growth rate of progeny. Progeny sired by Friesian, Simmental and Brahman had higher weaning weights than those sired by Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Africander and Tuli. Overall, heterosis was positive for all traits and averaged 0·15 for the three measures of cow productivity. Heterosis was three times higher in the Bos taurus × Bos indicus cross than in the Bos indicus crosses.

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Dicken, M. L., A. J. Booth, M. J. Smale, and G. Cliff. "Spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of juvenile and adult raggedtooth sharks (Carcharias taurus) tagged off the east coast of South Africa." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 1 (2007): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06018.

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Understanding the movement patterns of raggedtooth sharks (Carcharias taurus) is crucial in defining habitat use and evaluating the effects of exploitation and anthropogenic activities. Between 1984 and 2004, 1107 C. taurus juveniles (<1.8-m TL) and 2369 C. taurus maturing subadults and adults (>1.8-m TL) were tagged and released along the east coast of South Africa. In total, 125 C. taurus juveniles and 178 C. taurus maturing subadults and adults were recaptured, representing recapture rates of 11.2% and 7.5% respectively. The average distance travelled by juvenile sharks was 18.7 km (95% CI = 10.8–26.6 km). Juvenile sharks displayed site fidelity to summer nursery areas. The average distance travelled by maturing and adult sharks was 342 km (95% CI = 275–409 km). One female shark, however, was recaptured 1897 km from its original release site. The average rate at which pregnant sharks moved south from their gestation to pupping grounds was 2.6 km day–1 (95% CI = 2.04–3.16 km day–1). This study highlights the differences in movement patterns between C. taurus juveniles and adults and suggests philopatric behaviour in both life-history stages.

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Britto, Carmen M. C., and Maria Luiza S. Mello. "Morphological dimorphism in the Y chromosome of "pé-duro" cattle in the Brazilian State of Piauí." Genetics and Molecular Biology 22, no. 3 (1999): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47571999000300014.

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"Pé-duro" (hard foot) is a rare breed of beef cattle of European (Bos taurus taurus) origin, originated in northern and northeastern Brazil. Y chromosome morphology, outer genital elements and other phenotypic characteristics were examined in 75 "pé-duro" bulls from the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) herd in the Brazilian State of Piauí. The purpose was to investigate possible racial contamination with Zebu animals (Bos taurus indicus) in a cattle that has been considered closest to its European origin (B. t. taurus). The presence of both submetacentric and acrocentric Y chromosomes, typical of B. t. taurus and B. t. indicus, respectively, and the larger preputial sheath in bulls with an acrocentric Y chromosome indicated racial contamination of the "pé-duro" herd with Zebu cattle. Phenotypic parameters involving horn, dewlap, ear, chamfer, and coat color characteristics, indicative of apparent racial contamination, were not associated with acrocentric Y chromosome.

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Magotra, Ankit, I. D. Gupta, Archana Verma, Rani Alex, Vineeth MR, and Tavsief Ahmad. "Candidate SNP of CACNA2D1 Gene Associated with Clinical Mastitis and Production Traits in Sahiwal (Bos taurus indicus) and Karan Fries (Bos taurus taurus × Bos taurus indicus)." Animal Biotechnology 30, no. 1 (2018): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2018.1437046.

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OLIVEIRA, ESTER H., and CRISTIANO LOPES-ANDRADE. "Redescription of Cis taurus (Reitter, 1878) (Coleoptera: Ciidae)." Zootaxa 3599, no. 5 (2013): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3599.5.5.

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Cis taurus (Reitter) is the type-species of Macrocis Reitter, a genus subsequently synonymized with Cis Latreille. It names a diversified but barely studied species-group of Cis, the taurus group. The objective of the present work is to redescribe C. taurus, designate a lectotype and provide the first description of male abdominal terminalia of the species. We also provide new data on its geographic distribution, restricted to three major Mexico mountain ranges: the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt (Sierra Nevada). This is a first and important step in the ongoing revision of the taurus species-group.

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Sammes, Stephanie L., Angela M. Lees, Judy A. Cawdell-Smith, and John B. Gaughan. "147 Changes in body temperature of lot-fed Bos taurus and Bos indicus steers during a heat wave." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.308.

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Abstract Body temperature (BT) is a reliable method for evaluating the thermal status of cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the regulation of BT in B. indicus and B. taurus steers during a heat wave event. Thirty-five steers (466.30±10.2kg) of mixed genotypes (B. taurus, n = 18; B. indicus, n = 17) were used in a larger 100-d study. Cattle were housed in six un-shaded pens at a commercial feedlot. Body temperature data for this were obtained at 1 h intervals over a 3-d heat wave event using in situ abdominal data loggers. Data were analysed using a repeated measures model, using residual maximum likelihood estimation. The model included genotype (B. taurus; B. indicus) and animal ID as random effects and hour as a fixed effect. Mean maximum BT occurred at 1500 h for B. taurus (40.52±0.03ºC) and 0400 h for B. indicus (40.48±0.31ºC). The BT of B. indicus decreased between 0400 h and 0700 h, and then increased to 1100 h (+0.10±0.01ºC/h), before decreasing again. The BT of B. taurus decreased between 0500 h and 0600 h, and then slowly increased (+0.04±0.01ºC/h) to 1500 h. Mean minimum BT occurred at 2100 h for B. taurus (40.12±0.11ºC) and 0700 h for B. indicus (40.00±0.22ºC). B. taurus maintained lower BT (40.21±0.05ºC) between 1900 h and 2200 h compared to B. indicus (40.27±0.05ºC) which may be due to disrupted heat loss mechanisms during the day, highlighting the importance of night time cooling. In response to increasing heat load, BT in B. taurus had slower increases but retained heat for longer, whilst B. indicus BT responded by a series of rapid increases and decreases. Developing an understanding of the differences in BT regulation in B. indicus and B. taurus will allow for more effective heat load management strategies during heat waves to be established.

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Sammes, Stephanie L., Angela M. Lees, Judy A. Cawdell-Smith, and John B. Gaughan. "PSII-4 Changes in body temperature of lot-fed Bos taurus and Bos indicus steers during a heat wave." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.478.

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Abstract Body temperature (BT) is a reliable method for evaluating the thermal status of cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the regulation of BT in B. indicus and B. taurus steers during a heat wave event. Thirty-five steers (466.30±10.2kg) of mixed genotypes (B. taurus, n = 18; B. indicus, n = 17) were used in a larger 100-d study. Cattle were housed in six un-shaded pens at a commercial feedlot. Body temperature data for this were obtained at 1 h intervals over a 3-d heat wave event using in situ abdominal data loggers. Data were analysed using a repeated measures model, using residual maximum likelihood estimation. The model included genotype (B. taurus; B. indicus) and animal ID as random effects and hour as a fixed effect. Mean maximum BT occurred at 1500 h for B. taurus (40.52±0.03ºC) and 0400 h for B. indicus (40.48±0.31ºC). The BT of B. indicus decreased between 0400 h and 0700 h, and then increased to 1100 h (+0.10±0.01ºC/h), before decreasing again. The BT of B. taurus decreased between 0500 h and 0600 h, and then slowly increased (+0.04±0.01ºC/h) to 1500 h. Mean minimum BT occurred at 2100 h for B. taurus (40.12±0.11ºC) and 0700 h for B. indicus (40.00±0.22ºC). B. taurus maintained lower BT (40.21±0.05ºC) between 1900 h and 2200 h compared to B. indicus (40.27±0.05ºC) which may be due to disrupted heat loss mechanisms during the day, highlighting the importance of night time cooling. In response to increasing heat load, BT in B. taurus had slower increases but retained heat for longer, whilst B. indicus BT responded by a series of rapid increases and decreases. Developing an understanding of the differences in BT regulation in B. indicus and B. taurus will allow for more effective heat load management strategies during heat waves to be established.

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Silva-Santos, K. C., G. M. G. Santos, L. S. Siloto, et al. "Estimate of the population of preantral follicles in the ovaries of Bos taurus indicus and Bos taurus taurus cattle." Theriogenology 76, no. 6 (2011): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.05.008.

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Lima, Sergio B. G. P. N. P., Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza, Bianca V. Pires, et al. "Effect of high temperature on physiological parameters of Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) and Caracu (Bos taurus taurus) cattle breeds." Tropical Animal Health and Production 52, no. 5 (2020): 2233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02249-y.

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de Almeida, Ana Beatriz Marques, Fábio Morotti, Anne Kemmer Souza, and Maria Isabel Mello Martins. "Sperm characteristics of Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus bulls during winter in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil." Animal Reproduction Science 194 (July 2018): e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.04.024.

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Prusakov, Aleksey, Nikolay Zelenevskiy, Mikhail Shchipakin, et al. "Morphology of the Vascular Bodies of the Encephalon’s Ventricles of Cow (Bos Taurus Taurus)." Macedonian Veterinary Review 43, no. 1 (2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0011.

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AbstractThe aim of the research was to establish the morphology of the vascular bodies of the encephalon ventricles of cow (Bos taurus taurus). Methods used: thin anatomical preparation, histological method of examination, transmission electron microscopy. Given the relationship, structure and general origin of the vascular bodies, they were divided into bodies III, IV and the lateral ventricles of the encephalon. This unit has topographical nature. Functionally, vascular bodies are an indivisible organ whose main function is the secretion of the cerebrospinal fluid, which maintains the constancy of the central nervous system internal environment. Three types of capillaries, differing in their morphology, were found in the composition of the vascular bodies’ villi in Bos taurus taurus.

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Floate, K. D., D. W. Watson, P. Coghlin, and O. Olfert. "Degree-day models for development of the dung beetles Onthophagus nuchicornis, O. taurus, and Digitonthophagus gazella (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), and the likelihood of O. taurus establishment in southern Alberta, Canada." Canadian Entomologist 147, no. 5 (2014): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2014.70.

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AbstractThree studies were performed to assess the likelihood of establishing the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in southern Alberta, Canada. This European species was first reported in Florida in the 1970s and now occurs as far north as Michigan, United States of America. Its ability to establish in Canada is unknown, but is desired to accelerate the degradation of cattle dung on pastures. The first study examined egg-to-adult development at temperatures of 10–32 °C (in increments of 2 °C) to develop degree-day models for O. taurus and for two other closely related species of dung beetles. Onthophagus nuchicornis (Linnaeus), used as a positive control, is a European species common across Canada. Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius), used as a negative control, is an Afro-Asian species whose distribution is restricted in North America to the southern United States of America. The second study examined the overwintering ability of O. taurus and D. gazella in outdoor field cages. The third study compared climate parameters between southern Alberta and the northernmost recorded distribution of O. taurus. Results combined across the three studies show that O. taurus can complete egg-to-adult development and overwinter in southern Alberta. However, high overwintering mortality is predicted to prevent establishment of O. taurus in the region.

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Pelaez, J., H. Hernandez-Fonseca, A. Pirela, F. Baez, P. Villamediana, and Y. Urribarri. "239 INFLUENCE OF BREED PREDOMINANCE ON MATURATION COMPETENCE, FERTILIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO OF BOVINE OOCYTES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab239.

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The purpose of this research was to compare the competence of bovine oocytes of different breed predominance (Bos taurus v. Bos indicus) to mature and to be fertilized. This was done through the collection, selection, maturation, and fertilization of oocytes from slaughtered cows, predominantly either B. taurus or B. indicus. Only cows that were at least 5/8 B. taurus or 5/8 B. indicus, according to a series of phenotypic characteristics, such as the presence of a hump, dewlap, length of the ears, and others, were selected. To obtain cumulus–oocyte complexes, ovarian follicles (3 to 10 mm in diameter) were aspirated, and only oocytes with 2 or more layers of cumulus cells, an intact zona pellucida, and a homogeneous granular cytoplasm were selected. After selection, oocyte maturation [in vitro maturation (IVM)] and IVF were done. Frozen–thawed semen was used from one Brahman bull (B. indicus). For the evaluation of IVM as for IVF, oocytes were fixed for approximately 24 h at 4°C in a solution of ethanol : acetic acid (3 : 1). They were then stained with 1% acetic orcein. A chi-squared test was performed for all reported rates. The rate of maturation of oocytes from cows with a predominant B. indicus phenotype was 66.93%, whereas cows with a B. taurus phenotype reached 43.10% (P < 0.001). Regarding the fertilization rate, predominantly B. indicus females had 43.68% of oocytes normally fertilized and 41.74% of oocytes were abnormally penetrated. This category included polyspermic and asynchronic (abnormally developed pronucleus) oocytes. In cows with B. taurus predominance, 31.96% of oocytes were normally penetrated and 46.39% were abnormally penetrated by spermatozoa (no significant differences were found). The rate of non-fertilized oocytes was significantly different (P < 0.05) among B. indicus and B. taurus oocytes (6.79 and 17.52%, respectively). A small and nonsignificant proportion of degenerated oocytes resulted in both groups (7.79% for B. indicus and 4.14% for B. taurus). The cleavage rate was not different among phenotypic groups (36.12 and 32.30%, respectively, for B. indicus and B. taurus). In conclusion, the present results indicate that oocytes from predominantly B. indicus cows were more competent than oocytes from cows with a predominance of the B. taurus breed. Nonetheless, this superiority was not evident in terms of cleavage rates. Semen from other B. indicus and B. taurus breeds must be tested to clarify any breed interactions.

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Valentim, Renato, Rubens Paes Arruda, Renato Campanarut Barnabe, and Maurício Mello Alencar. "Biometria testicular de touros Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) e touros cruzados Nelore-europeu (Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus) aos 20 e 24 meses de idade." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 39, no. 3 (2002): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-95962002000300001.

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Rossato, Lizandra Vercezi, Maria Cristina Bressan, Érika Cristina Rodrigues, Maria Inês Alves de Carvalho Martins Carolino, Rui José Branquinho Bessa, and Susana Paula Pereira Alves. "Composição lipídica de carne bovina de grupos genéticos taurinos e zebuínos terminados em confinamento." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, no. 9 (2009): 1841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009000900029.

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O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a composição em lipídeos totais, colesterol e ácidos graxos do músculo longissimus dorsi de bovinos Bos taurus (n=40) e Bos indicus (n=40) com 30 a 36 meses de idade e peso de carcaça entre 240 e 270 kg terminados em confinamento por 90 dias. Os resultados de lipídeos totais foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos. O nível de colesterol foi mais elevado em Bos indicus (66,95 mg/100 g) que em Bos taurus (37,37 mg/100 g). Os valores médios dos ácidos graxos saturados de C14:0 e C18:0 foram mais elevados nos Bos indicus (3,52 e 22,45%) em comparação aos Bos taurus (3,08 e 18,67%). O C16:0 nos Bos taurus (26,14%) foi maior que nos Bos indicus (24,77%). Na análise do perfil de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGM), os Bos taurus apresentaram os percentuais mais elevados de C14:1 cis9, C16:1 cis9, C18:1 cis9, ΣAGM e os menores de C18:1 trans. Os animais Bos taurus apresentaram maiores percentuais de C18:3 n-3, C20:4 n-6 e C22:5 n-3 (ácidos graxos poliinsaturados). Os ácidos graxos C18:2 n-6, CLA, C20:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3, ΣAGP e Σn-6 foram semelhantes entre grupos de bovinos. A razão n-6/n-3 foi menor em Bos taurus (4,63) em comparação aos Bos indicus (5,70). Em geral, o grupo genético influencia o perfil de colesterol e ácidos graxos de bovinos e esse efeito é mais pronunciado nos ácidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados.

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