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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tawhid'
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Lo, Polito Nicholas. "Abd Al-Karim Al-Jili : tawhid, transcendence and immanence." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1193/.
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The present thesis is an attempt to understand Abd Al-Karim Al-Jili’s thought and to illustrate his original contribution to the development of medieval Islamic mysticism. In particular, it maintains that far from being an obscure disciple of Ibn Arabi, Al-Jili was able to overcome the apparent contradiction between the doctrinal assumption of a transcendent God and the perception of divine immanence intrinsic in God’s relational stance vis-à-vis the created world. To achieve this, this thesis places Al-Jili historically and culturally within the Sufi context of eighth-ninth/fourteenth-fifteenth centuries Persia, describing the world in which he lived and the influence of theological and philosophical traditions on his writings, both from within and without the Islamic world. A whole chapter is dedicated to the definition of the controversies that afflicted Islamic theology and philosophy over the issue of anthropomorphic representations of God and the relevance that this had on the subject of divine immanence and transcendence. Al-Jili’s original contribution to this discussion, summarised in the concept of the Perfect Human Being, is illustrated with the editing and translation of one of Al-Jili’s works, The Cave and the Inscription, followed by annotations to the book.
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Blommé, Andreas. "Islam och folkmaktens gränser. : En undersöknning av Sayyid Qutbs, Mawlana Mawdudis och Ali Shariatis teologiska uppfattningar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för etnologi, religionshistoria och genusvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91991.
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English abstract Title: Islam and the limitations of the public will of choice. The purpose of this paper have been to investigate how three modern Islamic theorists view the limitations of the public free will of choice based upon their interpretation of the Islamic theology and doctrine. The paper focuses to highlight how all three chosen Islamic theorist interpret the Islamic doctrine based upon my elected theses and more specifically pinpoint were the free will of choice ends, and Islam as a religion starts to take hegemony. The paper’s aim is to further an understanding that in the modern world and as a effect of increased literacy, Islam has been somewhat inclined to split into several Islamisms, based upon the variety of fatwa’s on the Islamic doctrine that is available online. Therefore it remains to the modern day Muslim, to individually decide whether they choose to follow the message of the Holy revelation in the Quran or trust a mufti’s fatwa in their everyday life as a Muslim. The material used and analyzed in this paper is prime source material. That has been written by my chosen theorists themselves and this prime source material, form the core of their interpretation of Islamic theology which I have used trying answer my theses. The conclusions drawn from this paper is that all three theorists share three concepts of the Islamic doctrine and that is the need for tawhid, idjtihad, theology and the umma to form a ample and righteous life in modern day Islam. During the course of the paper it has become evident that the theorist Qutb and Mawdudi do share the doctrine of Islam as the natural religion of the world and that violence can be justified to bring the believers together under Muslim doctrine and rule, therefore limiting the public will of choice based upon their interpretation of Islamic theology.
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Ozalp, Mehmet. "God and Tawhid in Classical Islamic Theology and Said Nursi's Risale-i Nur." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16372.
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Theology is a rational endeavour to understand everything about God, from within a faith tradition and its scriptures, and in response to problems posed by the conditions of a particular time and place. Islamic theology, in particular, has been a reactive discipline. Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1876-1960), as a prominent scholar in the modern era, lived through a tumultuous period witnessing the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the emergence of secular nation states for the first time in Muslim history, two world wars, and the challenges imposed by European modernity on traditional Muslim societies and Islam. Unlike other revivalist leaders, in dealing with the complexity of circumstances and the social and political restrictions around him, Nursi chose to respond following a theological revival method, where he attempted to revive Islam by renewing faith in people through his theological writings. By loading so much significance and revivalist objectives to theology, Nursi produced an original and fresh expression of Islamic theology based on the Qur’an. In this thesis, my original contribution to knowledge is the critical evaluation of Nursi’s writings about God and identification of his contributions to Islamic understanding of God and tawḥīd as the central doctrine of Islam.
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Islam, Saiyida zakiya hasna. "Bawa Muhaiyaddeen: A Study of Mystical Interreligiosity." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/461176.
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ReligionPh.D.
The focus of the study is on the teachings of Bawa Muhaiyaddeen, the mystic saint whose tomb is in Coatesville, PA, which is the only Sufi shrine in North America. Much has been written on the community of Bawa’s followers whose main office is in the Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship in Philadelphia, PA, USA. However, as far as my research revealed, as to this date, no study has focused particularly on his teachings. The objective of this study is to initiate that. This study spotlighted on how this Sufi saint integrated the various religions in his teachings. His teachings are evidently premised on the Islamic concept of Tawhid. This aligns with the mystic perspective and thus is this study premised. Bawa’s vision is of a single truth emanating throughout creation through all space and time. This is a characteristic that mystics of all traditions appear to share. What makes Bawa unique among the known mystics is how he weaves in the various religions to convey his teachings. Thus, his teachings are a veritable pot pourri of ancient wisdom flowing from the Hindu Puranas to the Sufi teachings in Islam. In one way it can be viewed as a one-man inter-religious monologue. It is not so much the perennial message as looking at each tradition in a way that had eluded the believer before. Sufis of yore are known to use this method, but had remained within their own traditions. Bawa’s teachings are significant in his being a figure that is metaphorically described in a title of a Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship publication as the “Tree That Fell to the West”. Thus, spanning both the East and the West, his teachings became global in its reach and appears to be more relevant and accessible due to the nature of contemporary progression of our psyche. To situate Bawa the study has provided a very brief overview of the mystic perspective and a comparative sketch of mysticism in the West and Islam. Bawa being a Muslim mystic, a chapter on Islam and the Muslim world view and an insight into Sufism was deemed essential to comprehend the depth of Bawa’s teachings. It was also necessary to analyze the significance of the pioneering spirit of North America that is so consonant with the element of freedom that defines the mystic message that is essentially that of liberation. This is viewed as a vital component in the message of Bawa that served to capture the psyche of his followers. What is notable in Bawa’s teachings is how he integrates the popular ideas of different traditions to draw out a hidden significance that overturns the traditional way of how the listener had hitherto viewed them. He views the religions as sections, states, etc., that have to be experienced into the distillation of the truth in a manner of speaking. Each of these plays its part in the progression of every individual to the point of the ultimate realization to the Real. Bawa’s teaching methodology appears to be aligned to the tradition of the “holy men” who have come to light with the recent research of the past two decades. Bawa remains unique in his expansion, per se, in continuation of the model left as the legacy by those holy men that researcher Richard Eaton brought to our attention. An analysis of that legacy is provided as it will be conducive to understanding as to how the Sufi perspective centered on Tawhid brings in the terrain of multiple traditions. Bawa taught through discourses. Such teachings belong to the age old oral tradition. Thus, the teachings flow according to the teacher’s discernment of each individual’s needs in the audience. He would tell his followers that he provides the nourishment as per the need of each individual as he “sees” where each of his “children” are when they come to him. This translates into his perceptiveness of each person’s level of comprehension and his contouring his message to gear into that level for optimal learning. Bawa’s teachings can be described as a veritable ocean in its breadth and depth. The task was to attempt to draw manageable parameters for this research. As such, the usage of Hinduism is the sliver that has been chosen to analyze what and how Bawa conveyed his message. The focal point is that it is through the mystic perspective Bawa integrated diverse traditions to converge on the single point of the Islamic concept of Tawhid. What is shown here is that it is such a perspective that allowed Bawa to bring together the apparently diametrically opposite traditions of Hinduism and Islam through an interreligious journey that brings in a perspectival shift by expanding the psyche of the listener.
Temple University--Theses
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Mandolino, Giovanni. "La dottrina del primo principio nel pensiero arabo cristiano e iltrattato sull'unita' divina di Yahya ibn 'Adi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422831.
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La tesi è dedicata a un esame degli scambi dottrinali fra la teologia cristiana araba medievale e la filosofia araba coeva. Il caso di studio scelto e' il Trattato sull'unita' divina del cristiano giacobita Yahya ibn 'Adi (X sec.). L'analisi dottrinale dell'opera cerca di evidenziarne contesto, struttura argomentativa e interlocutori filosofici. La tesi include il testo critico del Trattato sull'unità divina, riveduto su un nuovo testimone manoscritto, una traduzione italiana e un commento
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Abbas, Sana. "L'argumentation dans la Satire des deux Vizirs d'Abû Hayyân al-Tawhîdî (922/1023) : stratégies argumentatives ou stratégies identitaires?" Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2073.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une analyse argumentative du discours satirique chez un auteur du dixième siècle, Abû Hayyân al-Tawhidi. Bien que son livre, La satire des deux vizirs, (paru après sa mort) soit représenté dans les critiques classiques et modernes comme une pure et simple démarche vindicative du savant courroucé, privé des mannes de deux éminents vizirs, cette étude vise à en souligner la portée multifonctionnelle. La satire, en tant qu'élément essentiel parmi les composants de l’identité arabe fondée, comme on le rappellera, sur les mœurs, constitue le noyau d'une démarche argumentative fortement tributaire de l'idée de la conformité, fondamentale dans la culture arabo-musulmane. En effet la norme est la pierre angulaire de deux processus argumentatifs polarisés, dans le discours de Tawhîdî, ayant pour objectif un changement de représentation chez l'auditeur-lecteur : le premier tente d'entacher l'image des deux vizirs, le deuxième œuvre à construire une image personnelle telle qu'elle est élaborée par l'auteur. Ces deux représentations sont analysées à la lumière des notions clés dans la pensée arabe comme la vérité et l'argument, tantôt sacralisés tantôt rationnalisés. Elles dépendent fortement des critères intellectuels et sociaux d'une époque en proie à des mutations radicales qui conduisent à une opposition totale entre les vizirs et Tawhîdî, comme représentant d'une minorité savante discriminée. Aussi, à partir de cette place et de ce rôle qu'il se représente, la volonté de l'auteur est de construire, par des mécanismes d'analogie et d'amplification, des arguments relevant de l'ethos, du pathos ou plus largement du logos. Non seulement ces deux mécanismes miment des démarches par lesquelles l'esprit humain accède à la connaissance, mais elles représentent, selon nous, non pas des pratiques paralogiques manipulatrices mais une voie d'expression, la seule possible en temps de crise, comme l'affirment certains théoriciens de l'identitéThis study is part of an argumentative analysis of a satirical speech of the tenth century. Although the latter is represented in classical and modern critics as a simple vindictive approach of a scientist angry and deprived of bonanzas by two viziers, this study aims to demonstrate a more complex and multifunctional range. Satire, a core component of Arab identity since pre-Islamic times, was used to criticize and judge those who did not conform to fundamental Arab Muslim cultural values. In fact, these values are the cornerstone of two polarized argumentative processes in Tawhîdî speech that aim to change the listener-reader's point of view: the first attempts to tarnish the image of the two viziers while the second tries to embellish his own image. These two views are analyzed in light of the key concepts in the Arab thought as truth and argument, sometimes sacralised other times rationalized. They rely heavily on intellectual and social criteria of an era plagued by radical changes that lead to discord between the viziers, who were the representatives of the non-Arab governing power, and Tawhîdî, who represented the discriminated Arab minority. Therefore, from this position, the will of the author is to create a new reality, by analogy and amplification mechanisms, relying on arguments of ethos, pathos and logos to act on the mind of the reader/listener. These two approaches mimic the actions by which the human mind comprehends and reacts to reality. In fact, they do not represent, in our view, manipulative fallacies but are a means of expression in times of crisis, as some identity theorists assert
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Loulidi, Younes. "Le Langage théâtral de Tawfiq al-Hakim." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX10057.
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Depuis le jour ou le dramaturge egyptien tawfiq al-hakim a reussi a integrer le theatre comme genre litteraire a la litterature arabe contemporaine, il a continuellement recherche un style et un langage propres qui lui permettront de developper les genres et les formes artistiques. Les recherches hakimiennes ont abouti a un langage qui a trois aspects, mais qui ne se contredisent pas, bien au contraire, ils s'incorporent et se completent. Le langage hakimien se constitue donc d'un aspect realiste, d'un aspect symboliste et d'un aspect theatral. Grace a l'aspect realiste de son langage, al-hakim projette sur scene les malheurs et les angoisses profondes de la societe egyptienne, les dialogue et les incarne, ce qui nous permet de dire qu'al-hakim parle le langage de chaque periode qu'il vit. A travers l'aspect symboliste de son langage, al-hakim est essentiellement tragique, parce que, justement, chez lui, c'est la totalite de la condition humaine qui entre en jeu et non l'homme de telle ou telle societe. Ce langage symboliste, qui se trouve a mi-chemin entre la fiction et la realite, evolue selon une methode mathematique, c'est pour cela qu'il demande une certaine souplesse d'esprit de la part du spectateur et du lecteur. L'aspect theatral du langage hakimien prouve qu'al-hakim est capable de parler au public un langage ou le tout n'est pas seulement dit mais aussi represente; d'ailleurs, le langage scenique dont se sert, avec habilete, al-hakim, prouve qu'il est tout-a-fait conscient que son oeuvre n'aura sa raison d'etre et ne sera realisee que si elle aboutit a un spectacle, meme si parfois il essaie de nous faire croire que son oeuvre n'est pas concue en vue d'etre representeeSince the time when the egyptian dramatist taoufiq-al-hakim succeeded in integrating drama as a litrary type in the contemporary arab litrature, he continually looked for a pure style and a pure language that would allow him to develop the artistic types and forms. Al-hakim's researches led to a language which has three aspects which do not contradict themselves; on the contrary they incorporate and complete each other. Al-hakim's language, then, has a realistic aspect, a symbolic aspect and a theatrical aspect. Thanks to the realistic aspect of his language, al-hakim projects the unhapiness and deep anguish of egyptian society, puts them into dialogues and incarnates them, that allow us to say that al-hakim speaks the language of each period he lives in. Through the symbolic aspect of al-hakim's language, he is mainly dramatic because he takes into account the human condition and not the individual of a society. This symbolic language, which is in half-way between fiction and reality, evolues according to a mathematical method, that is why it requires a certain flexibility of mind from both the reader and the spectator. The theatrical aspect of al-hakim's language proves that he is able to speak to the public a language in which everything is not only said but performed. Thus the stage language he skilfully uses proves that he is really aware that his work is aimed at being performed on stage, though sometimes he tries to prove the contrary
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Richardson, Debra. "Tawheed in Islamic art : defining an aesthetic theory." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503581.
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Ḥasan, Jamāl al-Dīn Būqalī. "Imām Ibn Yūsuf al-Sanūsī wa- ʻilm al-Tawḥīd." al-Jazāʼir : al-Muʼassasah al-Waṭanīyah lil-Kitāb, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18084984.html.
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Dhanidina, Adil S. "Experiencing Tawḥīd : ibn 'Arabī and the power of imagination." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82699.
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This thesis will examine how the Islamic concept of tawḥid ("monotheism") was understood, and perhaps more importantly, experienced by the 12th/13th Sufi, Ibn 'Arabi (1165-1240), also known as al-Shaykh al-Akbar ("The Greatest Master"). It has been argued that tawḥid is not simply a belief but also an operation, that is to say, a continual process whereby the literal meaning of tawḥid ("asserting oneness") is upheld. This understanding of tawḥid implies a certain dualism which for Ibn 'Arabi is a reflection of the two perspectives which express God's oneness, namely, tanzih ("transcendence"), which literally means "declaring something to be pure and free of something else," and tashbih ("immanence"), of which the literal meaning is "declaring something to be similar to something else." As can be seen, tanzih and tashbih are mutually contradictory and thus present tawḥid as a paradox. However, for Ibn 'Arabi, it is essential to not ignore any one perspective in favor of the other. For him, the paradox can and must be reconciled through the power of khayal, or imagination, which alone has the ability to combine opposites and thus, bridge the gap between tanzih and tashbih , thereby allowing for the experience of tawḥid .
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Shaw, Shereen. "A study of Tawfiq al-Hakim's Equilibrium doctrine and philosophical narratives." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2034659/.
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Tawfiq al-Hakim is known across the Arab world as a pioneer dramatist. He is one of many misunderstood writers and philosophers. My aim is to introduce him to the English-speaking public in order to shed some light on a specific period known to be one of the best in Egypt intellectually and culturally. Former President Nasser’s ideologies, and those of former President Sadat such as his “open-door” policy to the West, have contributed positively to the forming of an intellectual renaissance in Egypt. This rich period in Egyptian history is one that can directly shed light on the literary and philosophical contributions of al-Hakim, and on the social and cultural issues that should be revisited in order to gain an understanding of the problems that face Egyptians today. With this said, it is my hope that by reviving al-Hakim’s philosophical doctrines and by examining the major issues he addresses in his texts, I will be able to explain and clarify some misconceptions about this author, his philosophy and his work. I would also like to show ways in which his distinctive doctrine of equilibrium can be of use to us both in the East and the West. The objectives, accordingly, are twofold: (1) To introduce and critically examine al-Hakim’s equilibrium doctrine; and, (2) To identify the philosophical traits and Western influences that had an impact on his character and philosophy. The core problem that this work will indirectly address is the problem of how philosophy in the Arab world, according to Sari Nusseibeh’s article “The Arab World: What role for philosophy?” has been blatantly used as a tool in order to defend one version or another of the religious beliefs of those who pursued it. I ask what specific role a philosopher or intellectual can play in his or her society and how his philosophy can be put to use. This question is one that has been long forgotten in the Arab world. Freeing the Arab world from the colonizer, back in the 1930s, was clearly a goal for many intellectuals. Today, freeing the Arab mind by introducing a philosophy or an ideology that can be of use to the Muslim world as well as to the West would be a great task to accomplish.
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Tawfik, Gindi Saskia [Verfasser]. "Alpha 1-Antitrypsin als neurochemischer Marker der Parkinson-Demenz / Saskia Tawfik Gindi." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104527870X/34.
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Mohamed, Hassan Youssef Hassan. "Mythes grecs et influences françaises dans le théâtre de Tawfiq Al-Hakim." Grenoble 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE39009.
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L'étude a cherché et analysé les sources grecques et l'influence française dans Pygmalion et Le Roi Œdipe de l'écrivain égyptien Tawfiq Al-Hakim. Elle a également évalué la nouveauté de ces deux pièces et dégagé ce qu'elles apportent à la construction littéraire des mythes de Pygmalion et d'Œdipe. Nous avons divisé notre étude en trois parties. La première a traité de la naissance et de l'évolution du théâtre égyptien contemporain. Elle a également rapproché l'utilisation du mythe que fait T. Al-Hakim dans ces deux pièces de celle faite par les dramaturges français de l'entre-deux-guerres et défini la méthode que nous avons employée tout au long de cette étude. La deuxième et la troisième, consacrées respectivement au mythe de Pygmalion et à celui d'Œdipe, ont examiné les textes anciens et les versions françaises du mythe qui nous semblent avoir pu exercer une influence sur celle de T. Al-Hakim, réfléchi sur la version de l'auteur égyptien et cerné ses emprunts au mythe ancien, l'influence des textes français et les modifications qu'elle opère dans le mythe. L'étude a prouvé que lorsque T. Al-Hakim s'inspire des mythes et des sujets antiques, il applique toujours sur ceux-ci le principe de la dualité imitation-innovation. Il a donné des mythes de Pygmalion et d'Œdipe un traitement nouveau qui était en parfaite harmonie avec ses valeurs spirituelles orientales d'une part et avec sa propre vision de la vie d'autre part. Tout en s'inspirant de la mythologie grecque, l'auteur a rendu celle-ci conforme à ses pensées et l'a repensée en fonctions des valeurs du milieu dans lequel il vivait.
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Brekaa, Naglaa Ali Ali Saleh. "Liberté de parole, parole de liberté : étude de quelques oeuvres dramatiques d'Albert Camus et de Tawfik Al-Hakim." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENL011.
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Cette étude montre comment Albert Camus et Tawfik Al-Hakim, deux dramaturges appartenant à deux cultures différentes, se sont servi, chacun à sa manière, de la parole, pour défendre la liberté dans leurs théâtres. La thèse comprend quatre parties. Partant d'un panorama biographique qui permettra de situer les deux dramaturges dans le contexte social et littéraire de leur temps, nous passerons, dans la deuxième partie, à une analyse du thème de la liberté dans le corpus. A travers une analyse textuelle des pièces traitées, nous découvrirons, dans la troisième partie, comment la parole a été instituée en système de tyrannie. En dénonçant une telle stratégie des régimes totalitaires, les deux dramaturges ont défendu la liberté de parole délibérément écrasée par les tyrans de tous les temps. Nous réfléchirons enfin sur le double jeu de la parole dans les deux théâtres. En y examinant le cas des personnages-prisonniers, nous mettrons en évidence comment la parole peut être aussi bien un moyen de liberté qu'un moyen d'enfermement. Se servir des ressources du théâtre pour être la voix des sans-voix ; plaider en faveur de tous les opprimés sur la terre pour leur rendre la justice et la liberté qu'ils ont perdues, c'est le souci commun de Camus et d'Al-HakimThis study shows how Albert Camus and Tawfik Al-Hakim, two playwrights belonging to two different cultures, used speech, each to his manner, to defend freedom in their theatres. The thesis includes four parties. Starting with a biographical panorama that will allow situating the two playwrights in their social and literary time, we shall pass, in the second party, to an analysis of the theme of the freedom in the corpus. Through a textual analysis of studied plays, we shall discover, in the third party, how speech was instituted in totalitarian systems. By a denouncing such strategy of totalitarian regimes, the two playwrights defended the freedom of speech crushed by the tyrants of all the times. We shall reflect finally on the double set of speech in the two theatres. By examining the case of the figures-prisoners, we shall show how speech can be both a means of freedom that one way of confinement. Use the resources of the theater to be the voice of the voiceless, to plead in favor of all the oppressed on the earth to do them justice and freedom that they have lost, is the common concern of Camus and Al-Hakim
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Haruna, Yoshisumi. "Genotype-phenotype correlations of KCNJ2 mutations in Japanese patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135693.
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Teodorescu, Georgeta. "Functional characterization of KCNJ2 mutations associated with Andersen-Tawil syndrome and atrial tachycardia." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-59826.
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Hunzāʾī, Faqīr Muḥammad. "The concept of Tawḥîd in the thought of Ḥamid al-Dîn al-Kirmânî (d. after 411/1021) /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72802.
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Al-Shallal, Elham Abdullah. "The image of women in Tawfīq Al-Ḥakīm's works : a critical and analytical study." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412036.
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Sidebottom, Christina M. "An introductory survey of the plays, novels, and stories of Tawfiq al-Hakim, as translated into English." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1409229640.
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Barhoumi, Mohamed Akremi. "Analyse de "Ya tali al-sagara", "O toi qui montes à l'arbre", pièce de Tawfiq al-Hakim." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611517x.
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Khoyratty, Farhad. "Beneath the red dupatta: an exploration of the mythopoeic functions of the ‘Muslim’ courtesan (tawaif) in hindustani cinema." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/326464.
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Després d’haver estat un dels mites més habituals del cinema hindustànic gairebé de forma continuada des dels anys vint i, per tant, des de pràcticament els inicis de la producció de pel#lícules índies fins a les darreries de la dècada dels noranta, amb el seu punt més àlgid en els anys seixanta i vuitanta del segle passat, semblaria que el tema de la cortesana comença a recular al segle vint-i-u. No obstant això, la tawaif hi apareix de forma reiterada. De fet, la tawaif s’està mantenint en el cinema hindustànic en forma de mite inconscient i subjacent com si fos un avatar general on fa la funció d’una estructura que permet manifestar tant l’artista real, o item girl, com la vamp, o noia independent d’avui. Dit de manera més directa, la tradició històrica d’entreteniment que ve associada amb la tawaif contribueix a l’estructura narrativa del cinema hindustànic en tant que usa poesia urdú per a lletres de cançons, espectacles de dansa i coreografies clàssiques i modernes. El text cinemàtic hindustànic ha estat i és, per tant, en sí mateix i per sobre de tot, una performance viva de la tawaif que convida a l’observació, que es manifesta transformant la cultura i que, quan actua, ho fa amb l’economia al cap –com qualsevol altra indústria. Començo amb una explotació de la tawaif històrica i m’endinso en el context de la seva vida quotidiana, enmig de mons d’art i de subtilesa extrema, com també en el sòrdid univers de la prostitució. Tal com era de preveure, les recepcions envers la indecisió moral de la tawaif han estat tradicionalment hostils i la justícia de la gent ha fet estranyes parelles dins la varietat de contextos temporals i espacials on s’ha tocat el tema, des dels britànics a Mahatma Gandhi, passant per Nehru, l’extrema dreta hindú, els fonamentalistes islàmics i moltes feministes quan arribà el moment de cloure l’univers de la tawaif, dislocat en dos patrimonis divergents, el del cos i el de la ment. El rebuig de la majoria dels períodes històrics de l’Índia a associar la sexualitat amb el refinament, o a conjugar la sexualitat amb la puresa, o a explorar el paper de les dones que eren víctimes d’una estructura patriarcal en la què els homes se’n beneficiaven i quedaven exculpats han convertit la tawaif històrica en una subalterna, malgrat que ella gaudís sense complexos amb la reialesa. D’acord amb Judith Butler, jutjo la identitat de la tawaif no com algú que és, sinó com algú que s’esdevé i, principalment, com a locus per a la nostàlgia, la natalitat, la mort i, narrativament parlant, com a boc expiatori, com el boc que se sacrifica pel bé de la polis. La presència/absència de la cortesana destapa la dinàmica de l’espectacle pel què fa al text del cinema hindustànic, la seva funció en el text fílmic i, en gran mesura, en el context social. De fet, es podria argumentar que la cortesana està present en el cinema hindustànic a través de representacions de dones i d’estructures patriarcals tot i que, de forma més general, ho està en termes de relacions de poder. El cinema hindustànic porta dins seu el mite de la cortesana, encara que, d’una manera o altra, la realitat és que és la cortesana la que porta el cinema hindustànic dins seu. No en va, les posicions eticoideològiques del cinema hindustànic mostren també moltes correspondències amb el món de la cortesana i la seva funció d’entreteniment.After acting as a staple myth of the Hindustani cinema text almost continuously from the 1920s and nearly the start of Indian film-making to the late 1990s, with its heyday in the 1960s - 1980s, the courtesan as motif starts ebbing away in the new century, but keeps re-appearing, sometimes obliquely and sometimes directly as postmodern revisiting, brief ‘cameo’ acts, nostalgic clin d’oeils, or as remakes. In fact, as an underlying unconscious myth, the tawaif persists, but as a more general avatar, as a structure that gives rise to a variety of manifestations: the ‘item girl’, the vamp, today’s independent girl or more directly, the tradition of entertainment the historical tawaif carries, informs the narrative structure of Hindustani cinema in terms of Urdu poetry in song lyrics, and dance performance, classical or modern choreography. Above all, the Hindustani cinematic text itself is and has been a tawaif-life performance, inviting the gaze, acting – as any industry – with economics in mind and cultural transformation as manifestation. As with the tawaif’s performance, the subversive is watered down with concessions to bourgeois family values and economic priorities. I start with an exploration of the historical tawaif, especially of Lucknow, in 19th century India. I delve into the context of her everyday life, astride worlds of extreme subtlety (tehzeeb) and art, and the sordid world of prostitution. Receptions to the moral undecidability of her world have been predictably hostile. A common self-righteousness made, within a variety of spatial and temporal contexts, strange bedfellows of the British, of Mahatma Gandhi, of Nehru, of the Hindu extreme-right and the Muslim fundamentalist, of many feminists when it came to closing down the world of the tawaif and its dislocation into a body versus mind heritage. The refusal of most periods to envisage sexuality and refinement, or to conjugate sexuality and purity, or to explore women as victims of a patriarchal structure whereas the men who benefit from it are excused, have made of the historical tawaif a subaltern despite her cavorting with royalty. In line with Judith Butler, we assess her identity not as being but as becoming, mostly as a locus of nostalgia, a temporal relationship of natality/morbidity, and, narratively, as scapegoat, the ‘goat’ offered to sacrifice for the good of the polis. As with any manifestation of the unconscious, the mythological cannot be retrieved directly, but metaphorically, metonymically and retrospectively. The courtesan’s presence/absence uncovers the dynamics of her performance by the Hindustani cinema text, her function in the filmic text and more generally in the social context. In fact, one can argue, the courtesan is present through representations of women and patriarchal structures in Hindustani cinema but more generally, in terms of relations of power. Hindustani cinema carries the myth of the courtesan, but in many ways it is the courtesan who carries Hindustani cinema. The historical courtesan pre-dates Hindustani cinema, but somehow the tradition of entertainment she carries informs the narrative structure of Hindustani cinema. Hindustani cinema’s ethico-ideological stances also show many mise-en-abyme correspondences with the world of the courtesan as entertainers. I use Cultural Studies in my investigation as complemented by feminist film theory, especially when concerned with spectatorship and identity-construction.and other critical theories.
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Raihan, Tawfik [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Brenner, and Anna [Akademischer Betreuer] Leisner-Egensperger. "Der Inhalt der Grundrechte im Lichte sich verändernder ökonomischer Vorgaben / Tawfik Raihan. Gutachter: Michael Brenner ; Anna Leisner-Egensperger." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1062536266/34.
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Tawfik, Harvey Nagy Mounier [Verfasser]. "Microfluidics Applications : Modelling of Artificial Synaptic Communications and Interactions of Unsupported Artificial Lipid Membranes / Harvey Nagy Mounier Tawfik." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216877785/34.
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Tam, Wai-Cheong Carl. "Seasonality of Birth in Schizophrenia in Taiwan." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500239/.
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The phenomenon of seasonality of birth in schizophrenia is important in the study of the etiology of this mental disorder because it helps to give directions for further research. Patients' hospital files from 1981 to 1991 of two of the largest hospitals with psychiatric wards in Taiwan were reviewed, and dates of birth collected on 3346 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. After adjusting for the variations of the total monthly births in the population, an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was applied. Results support a seasonality phenomenon and indicate a disproportional excess of births in schizophrenia in the cold months (Nov. to Feb.) compared to the hot months (May to Aug.). These findings are compatible with many other studies in other countries and climates. Further investigations of season-related environmental factors in the etiology of schizophrenia are recommended.
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Doig, Cheryl, and n/a. "Innovation in Education in 'Designated Character Schools': a Case Study of the Directors of Discovery 1 and 'Unlimited Paenga Tawhiti'." Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060220.170614.
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This dissertation is a case study into participant perceptions of innovation in education. The participants in this research were four directors from two 'designated character' schools, which were set up to be foundationally different from traditional schools through opportunities to explore radical innovation. That is, both schools were conceptualised as sites for exploring radical rather than incremental change. The central questions asked in this study were - what makes for radical innovation in schools; and how is the use of ICT implicated in innovation in schools? The literature review indicated that while there has been an increase in the information regarding innovation in education there has been little research into how this was being developed in non-traditional settings, or in ways that were radical. The role of ICTs in developing innovation was also reviewed, given that the two 'designated character' schools being studied had strong support for ICTs. The main aims of this study were: to identify the features of radical innovation in schools; to explore the barriers against, and drivers for, innovation in schools; to provide insight into the use of ICTs to influence innovation in schools; to contribute to the literature regarding innovation in schools; and to identify future opportunities to innovate. This study was a qualitative one, with symbolic interactionism as its theoretical underpinning. Data were gathered through the use of concept mapping, interviews and a focus group activity. The findings of the study were that radical innovation in schools occurs when there is a cultural shift in the whole notion of schooling. This is difficult to achieve, even for schools that have been set up to be foundationally different. However, such schools can provide examples of some innovative practices that are 'greenfields'. The use of ICTs, while not required for innovation, helps schools create innovative ideas, especially those ideas based around the needs of individual learners. There is a greater chance that this will lead to innovation being sustained. These findings have implications for policy makers to allow schools that are more innovative to try new ideas and to be supported to do so.
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Doig, Cheryl. "Innovation in Education in 'Designated Character Schools': a Case Study of the Directors of Discovery 1 and 'Unlimited Paenga Tawhiti'." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367073.
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This dissertation is a case study into participant perceptions of innovation in education. The participants in this research were four directors from two 'designated character' schools, which were set up to be foundationally different from traditional schools through opportunities to explore radical innovation. That is, both schools were conceptualised as sites for exploring radical rather than incremental change. The central questions asked in this study were - what makes for radical innovation in schools; and how is the use of ICT implicated in innovation in schools? The literature review indicated that while there has been an increase in the information regarding innovation in education there has been little research into how this was being developed in non-traditional settings, or in ways that were radical. The role of ICTs in developing innovation was also reviewed, given that the two 'designated character' schools being studied had strong support for ICTs. The main aims of this study were: to identify the features of radical innovation in schools; to explore the barriers against, and drivers for, innovation in schools; to provide insight into the use of ICTs to influence innovation in schools; to contribute to the literature regarding innovation in schools; and to identify future opportunities to innovate. This study was a qualitative one, with symbolic interactionism as its theoretical underpinning. Data were gathered through the use of concept mapping, interviews and a focus group activity. The findings of the study were that radical innovation in schools occurs when there is a cultural shift in the whole notion of schooling. This is difficult to achieve, even for schools that have been set up to be foundationally different. However, such schools can provide examples of some innovative practices that are 'greenfields'. The use of ICTs, while not required for innovation, helps schools create innovative ideas, especially those ideas based around the needs of individual learners. There is a greater chance that this will lead to innovation being sustained. These findings have implications for policy makers to allow schools that are more innovative to try new ideas and to be supported to do so.Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Education (EdD)
School of Cognition, Language and Special Education
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Irving, Sarah Rosalind. "Intellectual networks, language and knowledge under colonialism : the work of Stephan Stephan, Elias Haddad and Tawfiq Canaan in Palestine, 1909-1948." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31179.
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This thesis examines the biographies and intellectual and cultural works of Elias Haddad, Stephan Stephan and Tawfiq Canaan, Arab writers who lived in Jerusalem in the late Ottoman and British Mandate periods, a time when Palestinian identity was in a state of flux and when Ottoman, British and Zionist interests impacted upon Palestinian Arab society, economy and politics. Informed by ideas about colonial and postcolonial relations, the impacts of context and power on the development of texts, and theories of networks and entanglements, it argues that even in the absence of comprehensive biographical knowledge about individual actors, we can locate them in their intellectual and political environments. It also argues for the importance of using non-elite genres – including language manuals, travel guides and translations – in researching intellectual history, and for understanding debates and discourses within colonial societies. Drawing on my historical research into the lives of Haddad, Stephan and Canaan, and combining it with textual analysis, this thesis makes the argument for more diverse ideas of Palestinian identity than are often discussed for the Mandate period, and for the need to include a wider range of contributors than prominent intellectuals and politicians in our assessment of the discourses in play in this key period of Palestinian history.
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Doi, Takahiro. "A Novel KCNJ2 Nonsense Mutation, S369X, Impedes Trafficking and Causes a Limited Form of Andersen-Tawil Syndrome." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147346.
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Fialho, D. "Clinical, genetic and electrophysiological study of skeletal muscle channelopathies : new insights into myotonia congenita and Andersen-Tawil syndrome." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18909/.
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This thesis examines clinical characteristics, molecular genetic aspects and electrophysiological features of two muscle channelopathies - myotonia congenita (MC) and Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS). MC is a muscle stiffness disorder caused by mutations in the skeletal muscle chloride channel gene CLCN1. A detailed genotype-phenotype analysis was undertaken in an initial MC cohort (22 families). A screening strategy for genetic testing was developed and applied to a larger cohort (303 cases). Twenty-three novel mutations and a high proportion of dominant MC predominantly due to four novel mutations clustered in exon 8 were observed. These four mutations were studied in vitro using two-electrode voltage-clamp methods in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Loss of function and clear dominant-negative effect in CO-expression experiments were demonstrated. The Xenopus oocyte expression system was also used to study the non-genomic effect of sex hormones on CLC-1 channels. It is shown that both testosterone and progesterone rapidly and reversibly inhibit wild-type CIC-1 channels by causing a prominent rightward shift in the voltage dependence of their open probability. In contrast, 17 β-estradiol causes only a small shift. These results suggest a possible mechanism to explain how the severity of myotonia congenita may be modulated by sex hormones. The potential modifying effect of the myotonic dystrophy genes DMPK and ZNF9 on the phenotype of MC was investigated. Allele sizes for these genes were measured in more than 400 patients with suspected non-dystrophic myotonia. Four individuals were identified with an intermediate size allele of DMPK and ten individuals tested positive for myotonic dystrophy type 2. ATS is characterised by the triad of periodic paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias and dysmorphic features. A UK cohort with ATS is presented with detailed phenotype-genotype correlation. Novel mutations were found and unusual clinical features including renal tubular defect, CNS involvement, dental and phonation abnormalities were observed.
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M'Rabet, El Houcine. "Etude comparative du mythe d'oepide dans les oeuvres des dramaturges francais classiques : corneille et voltaire, celles d'andre gide et de tawfiq al-hakim." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030007.
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Cette etude thematique comparative du mythe d'oepide dans les versions du dramaturge grec sophocle, des classiques francais corneille et voltaire, celles d'andre gide et de tawfiq al-hakim, permettra de relever les differents usages que ces dramaturges ont pu faire de cette legende depuis l'antiquite jusqu'a nos jours. Ce travail a ete divise en trois parties : - la premiere traite du theatre grec et des condi- tions sociales, politiques et religieuses dans lesquelles a ete ecrit le chef- d'oeuvre de sophocle. Sophocle traite du mythe d'oepide sous l'impulsion d'un envi- ronnement propice a l'eclosion d'un heros "surhomme". - la deuxieme partie a fait l'objet de l'analyse des versions des classiques corneille et voltaire et aussi celle d'andre gide. Quant aux deux classiques corneille et voltaire, leur piece a ete completement denaturee par l'episode amoureux qu'ils ont greffe au sujet. Andre gide quant a lui a suivi de tres pres la version grecque du mythe. Il traite cette tragedie dans un langage familier avec beaucoup de derision et d'anachronisme. -dans la troisieme partie, j'ai procede a l'analyse de la version arabe du mythe. Tawfiq al-hakim s'est incontestablement reporte a l'oeuvre de gide en ramenant le conflit non pas a celui de l'homme et de dieu mais a celui du pouvoir politique et du pouvoir religieux. Il n'a donc pas fonde son intrigue sur cet aspect courant de la lutte de l'homme et de son destin mais sur celui de la lutte de l'homme contre la verite et la realite. Il oppose ces deux notions verite realite et fait de sa piece une oeuvre tout a fait originaleThis thematic and comparative study of the oedipus'myth in the versions of the greek playwright sophocle, of the french classics corneille and voltaire and those of andre gide and tawfiq al-hakim, will allow to raise again the different usages that these playwrights had done to this legend from the antiquity till our days. This work was divided into three parts. The first treats the greek drama and also the social, political and religious conditions inwhich the masterpiece of sophocle was written, sophocle treats the myth of oedipus under the impulsion of a propitious surroundings in the hatching of a hero "superman". The second part was the object of analysis of the versions done by the classics corneille, voltaire and also andre gide. As for the two classics corneille and voltaire, their plays was completely unnatural by the loving episode which was added to the subject. But for andre gide, he followed closely the greek version of the myth. He treats this tragedy with a familiar language full of derision and anachronism. In the third part, i proceeded to analyse the arabic version of the myth. Tawfiq al-hakim unquestionably referred to the work of andre gide, by referring to the conflict of the political and the religious powers, and not to the conflict of man and god. Therefore, his plot was not based on the current aspect of struggle between man and his fate, but on man's struggle against truth and reality. He draws a parallel between these two notions
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M'Rabet, El Houcine. "Etude comparative du mythe d'Oedipe dans les oeuvres des dramaturges français classiques Corneille et Voltaire, celles d'André Gide, et de Tawfiq al-Hakim /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616814x.
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Abou-Zaki, Nadine. "Dieu personnel et impersonnalité de l'Absolu selon Çankara et dans le Tawhīd." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040128.
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" Dieu personnel et impersonnalité de l'Absolu chez Çankara et selon le Tawhīd " se présente comme une étude comparée entre une doctrine philosophique qui se fonde sur les textes de la Révélation et qui vise la délivrance _l'Advaita Vedānta de Çankara_ et une voie philosophique, spirituelle et religieuse, celle du Tawhīd (druze). La comparaison tourne autour de trois axes principaux : le brahman et/ou Dieu, la relation du monde à l'Absolu et la délivrance. Cette étude s'efforce de dégager les points communs, ainsi que les points de divergence entre ces deux doctrines. Celles-ci ressortissent toutes deux au non-dualisme, bien que l'école de Çankara soit celle du non-dualisme pur (Advaita Vedānta), tandis que ce non-dualisme contient de la dualité dans le Tawhīd" Personal God and impersonality of the Absolute according to Çankara and the Tawhīd " is a comparative study between a philosophical doctrine which is based on the text of the Revelation and which aims for liberation _the Advaita Vedānta of Çankara_ and a philosophical, spiritual and religious path of the (druze) Tawhīd. The comparison turns around three principal axes : the brahman and/or God, the relation of the world to the Absolute and liberation. This study tries to identify the common ground and the points of divergence between these two doctrines. Both of them come under non-dualism, even if this non-dualism contains duality in the Tawhīd
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Tawfik, Mohamed Ali El-Sheikh Doaa [Verfasser], Anna [Akademischer Betreuer] Trauzold, and Thomas [Gutachter] Roeder. "Interplay of TRAIL receptors in PDAC cells : the role of TRAIL-R4 / Doaa Tawfik Mohamed Ali El-Sheikh ; Gutachter: Thomas Roeder ; Betreuer: Anna Trauzold." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1236287800/34.
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Al-Badawi, Mohammed Abdel Qader. "Pragmalinguistic analysis of (im)politeness in literary discourse : a case study of major works by Bernard Shaw, Oscar Wilde, Tawfiq Al-Hakim and Najuib Mahfouz." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=168318.
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The focus of this study is in the area of pragmatic-stylistics. The study argues that pragmatic tools such as (im)politeness theory and cooperative maxims can be applied to literary discourse to explain different dynamics in the conversation of dramatic and fictional characters in literary texts in relation to their sex, power, social distance, and interactive role. It also examines how these factors interrelate in explaining the tension in the characters’ dialogues. Brown and Levinson’s model of politeness and Culpeper’s framework of impoliteness, as well as Grice’s cooperative principle, have been used as a theoretical background to review critically the dialogues between the dramatic and fictional characters. The data of this study consists of four literary works. Two of them are written in English by Irish dramatists. These are Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw (1912), and The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde (1895). The other two texts are Fate of a Cockroach (1966) by the Arab dramatist Tawfiq Al-Hakim. The second Arabic work is Palace of Desire by Egyptian novelist Najuib Mahfouz (1954). Each text is analyzed to see how sex, power, social distance, and interactive role affect characters’ use of (im)politeness. Following this analysis, a chapter on the discrepancies of the translation of (im)politeness formulas is presented. The aim is to discover whether characters’ (im)politeness utterances in English have the same pragmatic equivalence as the original Arabic texts. It has been found that, especially in the case of invocations; an exact English equivalent often does not exist, thereby causing a loss in meaning and degree of conveying of the politeness or impoliteness utterance. The dissertation concludes that the pragmalinguistic tools – politeness and impoliteness theories as well as Grice’s cooperative principles are useful in explaining the dynamics of characters in literay discourse, and in explaining the interactive role of characters in literary texts. This in turn can leave us with some evidence to the themes tackled by the writers such as presenting the female discourse to be stronger and more out spoken than the male discourse in the four selected texts to reflect on the themes in each text. The thesis also contemplates further areas of research, especially in Arabic literature and media discourse in the Arab world. By keeping this research’s findings in mind, it sheds light on the cultural aspect of language, hopefully drawing the focus away from the mere science of the language.
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Sewilam, Mohamed. "La France dans l'oeuvre de Tawfīq al-Hakīm." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30032.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif principal l'étude des représentations, des sentiments et des jugements élaborés par le dramaturge égyptien Tawfīq al-Hakīm (1898--1987) à partir de ses contacts avec la France. Notre programme de recherches peut se résumer ainsi : situer, inventorier et expliquer les représentations de la France avec lesquelles Tawfīq al-Hakīm a écrit , pensé et aussi vécu. Notre étude aboutit aux conclusions suivantes : à partir de débuts difficiles et peu applaudis, Tawfīq al-Hakīm acquiert progressivement une immense notoriété, car son écriture évolue et gagne en originalité. Cette évolution est dûe, pour une large part, à une fréquentation des idées françaises. Sa longue familiarité avec la France et les Français, à travers ses amitiés, ses émotions, ses expériences, ses lectures se traduit par une influence qui s'exerce dans les domaines littéraire, artistique, scientifique et philosophiqueThis thesis as a principal objective the study of the representations, the feelings and the judgements orked out by the Egyptian playwright Tawfīq al-Hakīm (1898-1987) to start from its intellectual or effective contacts with France. Our research program can be summarized as follows : to locate, inventory and explain the representations of the France, it with which Tawfīq al-Hakīm wrote, thought and thus lived. Our study arrives at the following conclusions : starting from difficult and little applauded beginnings : Tawfīq al-Hakīm acquires an immense notoriety gradually because its writing evolves/moves and gains in originality. This evolution is due, to a large extent, with a frequentation of French ideas. His long familiarity with France and Frenches, through his friendships, his emotions, his experiments, his readings results in an influence which is exerted in the literay fields, artistic, scientific and philosophical
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Reymond, Pierre-Louis. "La question du langage dans sa relation aux intellectuels et au pouvoir à partir du "Kitâb al-imtâʿ wa al-muʾânasa" de Abu Hayyân al-Tawhîdî." Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/reymond_pl.
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Ce travail voudrait montrer le caractère réducteur d'une identification du Kitâb al-Imtâc wal-Mu ânasa de Abû Hayyân al-Tawhîdî à une simple encyclopédie de la vie culturelle arabo-musulmane au Xème siècle, cela parce que cette oeuvre pose la question du langage comme enjeu fondamental de la problématique du rapport de l'intellectuel au pouvoir. Car, à travers cette problématique, apparaissent, dans le Kitâb al-Imtâc, plusieurs axes de réflexion liés à ce que l'on peut appeler, chez l'intellectuel, la maîtrise d'un langage : la place de l'intellectuel dans le milieu de la cour, ici celui des princes et vizirs Buyides, le rapport aux savoirs discutés dans l'enceinte du Pouvoir, notamment la logique et la rhétorique, la mise en place d'une éthique du langage, à travers la promotion de la prose comme discipline du discours majeure. Mais cette problématique de la maîtrise d'un langage par les intellectuels dans les milieux du pouvoir se double de celle soulevée par le rôle que tient le discours dans la structure du Kitâb al-Imtâc car l'on peut se demander jusqu'à quel point la polyphonie des locuteurs, fait général de l'ouvrage, particulièrement accentué dans les passages consacrés au langage, correspondant à une organisation du discours relevant de Tawhîdî, et partant, un positionnement personnel sur la questionThis dissertation sets out to show the reductive character of identifying Abu Hayyân al-Tawhîdî's Kitâb al Imac wa-l-Mu ânasa as a simple encyclopedia of arabo islamic cultural life at the 10th century, because the work presents the question of language as a fundamental issue in the problem of the relationship of the intellectual to Buyid Power. Indeed, through this problem appear, in the Kitâb al Imtâc, lines of reflection related to what one can call, in the intellectual, the mastery of language, these lines are : the place of the intellectual in the court environment, in this case that of the Buyid princes and vizirs, his relationship with the fields of knowledge discussed within the enclosures of power, and, notably, logic and rhetoric, the establishment of an ethics of language through the promotion of prose as a major discipline of discourse. But this problem of the mastery of language by the intellectual in the environment of power is doubled by that of the role played by discourse in the structure of the Kitâb al Imtâc where one can wonder to what extent the polyphony of the speakers - a general feature of the book which is the object of particular emphasis in the passages devoted to language - corresponds to an organization of discourse proper to Tawhîdî and, therefore, constitutes a personal stand on the question
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Tawfik, Mohamed [Verfasser], and Bernhard A. [Gutachter] Sabel. "Nanoparticles delivery to the central nervous system in-vivo : PVP nanoparticles for brain drug delivery and neuroprotection with siRNA-caspase-3 / Mohamed Tawfik ; Gutachter: Bernhard A. Sabel." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ma9:1-1981185920-387735.
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Merimi-Riani, Nasira. "L'art du Tawsih chez les juifs et les arabes en Occident musulman : la harga arabe dans les muwassahât hébrai͏̈ques du XIème à la fin du XIIIème siècle." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA08A001.
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Rahman, Yusuf 1967. "The miraculous nature of Muslim Scripture : a study of ʻAbd al-Jabbār's Iʻjāz al-Qur'ān." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23239.
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This thesis is a study of 'Abd al-Jabbar's theory of i'jaz al-Qur'an (the miraculous inimitability of the Qur'an) as expounded in his magnum opus, al-Mughni fi abwab al-tawhid wa al-'adl, part XVI, and in his other works which are related to the subject. The importance of these works lies in the fact that the author was an erudite scholar and a respected leader of the Basra School of the Mu'tazila, and also because his Mughni/ is considered by many as the Encyclopedia of Mu'tazilite philosophy.As a Mu'tazilite, 'Abd al-Jabbar demonstrates the inimitability of the Qur'an in the light of both his doctrine of mu'jiza (the apologetic miracle of a prophet) and khalq al-Qur'an (the createdness of the Qur'an). This thesis argues that although his theory of mu'jiza is incredibly similar to that of the Ash'arites, 'Abd al-Jabbar's rendering of it and his main sources are not the Ash'arites but rather the "School of Jubba'i"
Besides demonstrating the Qur'anic inimitability through kalam, 'Abd al-Jabbar also discusses its unsurpassable nature, in terms of the Holy Book's literary uniqueness, fasaha. This argument is distinctly different from the theories of his predecessors. As such, the thesis examines his predecessors' and contemporaries' works on i'jaz in order to shed light on the peculiarity of 'Abd al-Jabbar's theory.
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Dacuma, M. G. B. "Epidemiology of malaria in the provinces of Sarangani, South Cotabato and Tawi-Taw in Mindanao, The Philippines." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2015. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2212646/.
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The Philippines is targeting malaria elimination by 2020. To reach this goal, it is important to locate all residual foci of malaria and where possible, aggressively diagnose and treat every malaria infection. In low endemic provinces malaria transmission becomes focal in hard-to-reach areas where asymptomatic people do not actively seek treatment and thus, continue to perpetuate transmission. This study aimed (a) to estimate prevalence of Plasmodium species in three malaria-endemic provinces in Mindanao, (b) to measure malaria transmission intensity in these provinces using antibody markers of exposure to P. falciparum and P. vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119 antigens, (c) to determine polymorphisms in pfcrt, pfmdr1 and pvmdr1 genes, and (d) to discuss implications of these findings to malaria elimination in Mindanao. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted to a total of 2,628 consenting participants across all ages in the provinces of Sarangani, South Cotabato and Tawi-Tawi from 2010 to 2013. The RDT FalciVax™ was used for field diagnosis of malaria in Sarangani Province and South Cotabato Province for P. falciparum and P. vivax infection while microscopy was used in Tawi-Tawi Province for field diagnosis of malaria. Finger-prick blood spots on filter paper were collected from participants for PCR diagnosis, genotyping of pfcrt, pfmdr1 and pvmdr1 genes, and screening antibodies to P. falciparum and P. vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119 antigens using indirect ELISA. Blood spots were also collected from patients presenting with malaria symptoms from selected municipalities of Sarangani Province and South Cotabato Province as a pilot survey. Overall malaria prevalence by PCR was 3.7% in Sarangani Province, 10% in South Cotabato Province and 4.2% in Tawi-Tawi Province. P. falciparum prevalence by PCR was higher than P. vivax prevalence in Sarangani Province and Tawi-Tawi Province but the opposite was found in South Cotabato Province. There was one imported case of P. malariae in South Cotabato and there were no P. knowlesi and P. ovale infections found in the three provinces surveyed. There were disagreements in diagnosing P. falciparum and P. vivax using antigen detection, microscopy and PCR and these were attributed to sampling low parasite-density infections from small volume of peripheral blood spotted on filter paper. The pfcrt codons 72-76 haplotypes CVMNK (27.4%), CVIET (59.7%) and SVMNT (9.7%) were described in 62 P. falciparum isolates from Mindanao. The pfcrt mutant A144T and L160Y alleles were not found among P. falciparum isolates with pfcrt K76T mutant allele but lacked the pfcrt A220S mutation. The pfmdr1 86N- 184F-1034S-1042N-1246D haplotype, which was repeatedly associated with higher parasite survival following artemether-lumefantrine treatment, was found in seven P. falciparum isolates from Mindanao. Genotyped P. vivax isolates from Mindanao have the wild type pvmdr1 91N allele, which corresponded to pfmdr1 codon 86. The pvmdr1 Y976F mutant allele, which has been reported in chloroquine-resistant P. vivax in other countries, was found in 55.6% (5/9) P. vivax isolates successfully genotyped in this codon while the pvmdr1 1076L wild-type allele was found in three P. vivax isolates successfully genotyped in this codon. Combined seroprevalence to P. falciparum and P. vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119 antigens suggested that exposure to P. falciparum was higher than exposure to P. vivax in Sarangani Province and Tawi-Tawi Province. Overall seroprevalence to P. falciparum and P. vivax was 18.9% and 14.6% in Sarangani Province respectively. In Tawi-Tawi Province the overall seroprevalence to P. falciparum and P. vivax was 18.2% and 12.9% respectively. The opposite was observed in South Cotabato Province where overall seroprevalence to P. falciparum (3.4%) was lower than the overall seroprevalence to P. vivax. The seroconversion rates (λ) for P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria were estimated using simple reversible catalytic models. In Sarangani Province the SCR for P. falciparum (0.014, 95%CI 0.010-0.020) was lower than SCR for P. vivax (0.019, 95% CI 0.010-0.036). A model allowing two forces of infection was used to estimate SCR for P. falciparum in Tawi-Tawi. Results suggested that there was a change in P. falciparum transmission in Tawi-Tawi Province approximately 25 years before the survey was conducted. The estimated SCR for P. falciparum was 0.041 (95% CI 0.017-0.098) in Tawi-Tawi Province before 1987. The model suggested that SCR was reduced to 0.007 (95% CI 0.005-0.009) after 1987 to the time of survey. In South Cotabato the SCR for P. falciparum was very low (0.004, 95% CI 0.001-0.016). There was no SCR estimated for P. vivax in South Cotabato because seropositivity was equally distributed across age groups. Findings in this study were held back by sample size and low-density parasite infections in small number of infected humans. Nevertheless, this provided important baseline data for malaria epidemiology in Mindanao.
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Aljafari, Mais [Verfasser], Christa [Akademischer Betreuer] Reicher, Dietwald [Gutachter] Gruehn, and Maram [Gutachter] Tawil. "Emerging public spaces in the City of Amman, Jordan : An analysis of everyday life practices / Mais Aljafari. Betreuer: Christa Reicher. Gutachter: Dietwald Gruehn ; Maram Tawil." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1108289886/34.
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Sabha, Dina Talat Tawfiq [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Dhein, Friedrich-Wilhelm [Gutachter] Mohr, and Michael [Gutachter] Schäfer. "Pharmaceutical and chemical analysis of the components carrying the antiplatelet activity of extracts from allium ursinum and allium sativum / Dina Talat Tawfiq Sabha ; Gutachter: Friedrich-Wilhelm Mohr, Michael Schäfer ; Betreuer: Stefan Dhein." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1238020666/34.
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Mohamed, Tawheed Hashim Abdel-Razik [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunze. "In-situ and ex-situ studies of barnacle proteinaceous cements settled at earlier time points using μ-Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron based X-ray microprobe fluorescence techniques / Tawheed Hashim Abdel-Razik Mohamed ; Betreuer: Michael Grunze." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1179925882/34.
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Mohamed, Tawheed H. A. [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunze. "In-situ and ex-situ studies of barnacle proteinaceous cements settled at earlier time points using μ-Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron based X-ray microprobe fluorescence techniques / Tawheed Hashim Abdel-Razik Mohamed ; Betreuer: Michael Grunze." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-172073.
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Houssay, Martine. "Problématique identitaire et vérité singulière : étude de trois autobiographies arabes : Ḥayātī de Aḥmad Amīn, Tarbiyyat Salāmā Mūsā de Salāmā Mūsā, Siǧn al-ʿumr de Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30010.
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Comment l'autobiographie articule-t-elle identité et vérité? c'est à travers l'étude de trois autobiographies arabes, menée au plus près des textes, que l'on a tenté de répondre à cette question, en dégageant la problématique qui fonde et sous-tend chacune de ces "enquêtes" autobiographiques, en repérant les processus de vérité dont elles restituent et constituent la trace singulière, et en montrant comment la narration rétrospective impose sa propre logique au questionnement subjectif. La thèse comprend trois parties, correspondant aux trois œuvres (Hayati: ma vie, Tarbiya t-Salama Musa: l'éducation de Salama Musa et Sign-al-umr: la prison de la vie). Celles-ci ont été écrites au milieu du vingtième siècle par des intellectuels égyptiens -Ahmad Amin, Salama Musa et Tawfiq al-Hakim- dont les noms sont respectivement associés au réformisme musulman, au socialisme évolutionniste et au théâtre arabe. En annexe figurent les résumés détaillés des trois autobiographies.
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Chantavilasvong, Wan. "To see things from the other end : rural development through the lens of local youth in the context of urbanization : the case of Tambon Pang Tawai, Amphoe Pang Sila Tong, Kampaeng Phet, Thailand." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117825.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [178]-179).
The global phenomenon of rural-urban migration presents a great number of challenges, especially for cities in developing countries like Bangkok. While there is an urgency for cities to better accommodate their marginalized emigrant population, not many planners look into rural areas where migration actually begins. Specific to Thailand, most of the migrating population from country to city are in the working age. With the exodus of this population new problems begin to emerge in rural towns which include a lack of care for elders and parental care for children. Furthermore, the brain drain phenomenon also diminishes life and economic vibrancy in rural areas. At the same time, those who migrate into cities are often at risk of being marginalized. In many parts of Thailand, where amenities such as roads, education, and healthcare, have already been provided, migration continues despite some people's preferences to live back in rural areas. Tambon Pang Tawai, Amphoe Pang Sila Tong, Kampaeng Phet, Thailand serves as a case study of a typical rural town with low density, most of whose population work on farms. Furthermore, its proximity to the Mae Wong National Forest also presents an interesting relationship between the rural lifestyle and the natural environment. Thus, the development process of Tambon Pang Tawai has the potential become a model for many other rural towns with similar contexts. By using photography and participatory workshops as tools to engage youth and glean insights from their perspectives, this research found ways in which rural areas in Thailand can be improved and sustain themselves socially, economically, and environmentally. Additionally, the methodology of this research can also contribute to a cross-disciplinary framework of education and community development.
by Wan Chantavilasvong.
M.C.P.
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Seleem, Amany Youssef. "The Interface of Religious and Political Conflict in Egyptian Theatre." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373973567.
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El-Said, Kamel Iman. "L'Orient et l'Occident, tranferts culturels et création romanesque : deux périodiques égyptiens francophones et deux romanciers égyptiens (1920-1956)." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040093.
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Dans notre introduction nous étudions les contacts historiques et le réseau d'échanges interculturels entre l'Égypte et la France. Ensuite, nous décrivons le milieu francophone, en justifiant le choix de la langue française en Égypte. Après un aperçu de la presse francophone en Égypte, nous établissons, dans la première partie, la monographie de deux revues littéraires égyptiennes d'expression française : La Revue du Caire (1938-1961) et La Semaine Égyptienne (1926-1951). Ces périodiques sont considérés comme des canaux de diffusion de la littérature française en Égypte et un moyen efficace de transfert culturel. La deuxième partie intitulée "La dialectique de la relation Orient / Occident dans le roman égyptien au début du XXe siècle ", est axée sur l'étude des forces de tension qui dynamisent les interactions culturelles, complexes et évolutives, à travers l'analyse de trois romans : L'Âme Retrouvée (1933) et L'Oiseau d'Orient (1938) de Tawfiq Al-Hakim, Adib (1935) de Taha Husayn. La conclusion met l'accent sur le dialogue des cultures. Une appréciation et une compréhension réciproques des valeurs culturelles des deux pays sont une nécessité pour l'assurerIn our introduction, we study the historical contacts and the system of intercultural exchanges between Egypt and France. Then we discribe the French-speaking circle and justify the choice of the French language in Egypt. In the first part, we give a summary of the French-speaking press in Egypt and the monograph of two Egyptian literary reviews : La Revue du Caire (1938-1961) and La Semaine Égyptienne (1926-1951). These publications are considered as diffusion canals of French literature in Egypt and an efficient means of cultural transfer. The second part, headed "The dialectic of the relation between the East and the West in the Egyptian novel at the beginning of the XXe century", is centered on the study of tension forces who accelerate the complex and evolving cultural interactions. To do so we analyse three novels : The recovered soul (1933) and The bird of the East (1938) of Tawfiq Al-Hakim and Adib (1935) of Taha Husayn. The conclusion emphasises the dialogue between the two cultures. A reciprocal appreciation and comprehension of the cultural values of the two countries are necessary to secure this dialogue
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Afkir, Fatima. "L'image de l’Égypte dans l’oeuvre de Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30059/document.
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Si on contemple l’abondante production du dramaturge, on réalise à quel point l’Égypte est omniprésente dans ses écrits et dans sa vie. Elle couronne l’ensemble de son oeuvre littéraire qui met en lumière chacun des différents aspects de ce pays : social, historique, culturel et politique. Cependant, dans cette étude, nous allons essayer de limiter notre sujet de l’Image de l’Égypte dans l’oeuvre de T. al-Ḥakīm à deux époques celle de la révolution de 1919, et celle de 1952. Ses écrits retracent clairement ces deux évènements importants. Sa façon de penser, d’écrire, de critiquer et d’analyser avant et après la révolution de 1919 n’est plus la même après la révolution de 1952. D’un écrivain rêveur, idéaliste, il en devient un autre plus réaliste et engagé littérairement. Notre problématique globale s’articulera autour des questions suivantes : quelle représentation l’oeuvre de Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm donne-t-elle de l’Égypte ? Peut-on considérer son retour aux mythes anciens comme une continuité entre l’Égypte moderne etl’Égypte ancienne ? Dans une première partie nous traitons les deux révolutions qui ont eu des répercussions sur ses écrits et sa vision politique. La deuxième partie, abordera la société de son roman ‛Awdat al-rūḥ, (l’Âme retrouvée), 1933, dans lequel il décrit une Égypte vue par un égyptien de souche et les liens forts qui unissent ce peuple à sa nation. La troisième partie sera réservée à la femme et au fallāḥ qui ont énormément inspiré l’écrivain. La quatrième partie sera consacrée à l’Égypte pharaonique. On va voir comment il a pu être influencé par l’Égypte ancienne pour décrire l’Égypte moderne. Nous nous appuyons aussi sur plusieurs lectures de différents auteurs afin de trouver une authenticité entre ce qu’il écrit et ce qu’il pense, entre la réalité et l’imagination dans ces oeuvres. Nous analyserons comment il voit, observe et critique son pays natalIf we contemplate the playwright's rich production, we realise to what extent Egypt plays a prominent part in his work and life. It is the crowning achievement of his literary work which highlights all the aspects of this country, social, historical, cultural and political However, in this study, we will try to limit our subject of The image of Egypt in T.al-Hakim's work to two particular eras, the revolutions of 1919 and 1952. His writings clearly relate those major events. The way he thinks, writes, criticizes and analyses before and after the 1919 revolution is no longer the same after the 1952 revolution. He started being a dreamy idealistic writer, and turned into another one, more realistic and committed in his literary work. Our global problematics will hinge on the following issues: what representation of Egypt does Tawfiq al-Hakim's work give? Can we regard his return to ancient myths as a continuity between modern Egypt and ancient Egypt? In a first part, we deal with the two revolutions which have had repercussions on his writings and political vision. The second part will tackle the society of his novel, in which he describes a country seen through a native Egyptian, and the strong ties which link the Egyptian people to their nation. The third part will focus on women and on the fallah, which greatly inspired the writer. The fourth part will be dedicated to the Pharaonic Egypt. We will see how far he has been influenced by ancient Egypt to descibe the modern one. We have relied on a few works of different writers so as to find an authentic link between what he writes and thinks reality and imagination in his works. We will analyse the way he sees, observes and criticizes his own country
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Mas, Ruth. "Margins of Tawhid: Liberalism and the discourse of plurality in contemporary Islam." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=968381&T=F.
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