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Journal articles on the topic 'Tax accounting – Law and legislation – Australia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Curran, Michael, and Prem W. S. Yapa. "Examining the Taxation Profession in Australia – A Framework." Australasian Business, Accounting and Finance Journal 15, no. 3 (2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v15i3.2.

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This paper examines the nature of the taxation profession in Australia and its development over the past three decades and then suggests a framework to analyse important initiatives that have taken place during this period. Using secondary sources and the organizing principles of State, Market and Community (Puxty et al., 1987), we begin with the subject of tax policies and legislation introduced by the state and its impact on the tax profession in Australia. We follow this with a discussion relating to the recognition of Australian tax practice as a profession. The paper then focusses on two

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Park, Wan-Kyu, and Toni Smith. "On the Progress of Option-Regulating Legislation." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr.2004.2.1.75.

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A great deal of debate currently surrounds stock-option-based compensation. Its many facets involve preferential tax treatment, the alternative minimum tax, and financial accounting procedures. The issue involves many; options affect an estimated 10 million people and 20–25 percent of all publicly held U.S. firms. Compensatory stock options were originally incorporated into the Internal Revenue Code in 1950 with the addition of Section 130A. At that time, the incentive effects of this form of compensation were deemed worthy of preferential tax status. In the 1950s, gains associated with tax-pr

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Storm, Ansia, and Katrina Coetzee. "Towards Improving South Africa's Legislation On Tax Evasion: A Comparison Of Legislation On Tax Evasion Of The USA, UK, Australia And South Africa." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 34, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v34i1.10106.

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The fight against tax evasion in South Africa is an ongoing battle. The tools available to law enforcement boil down to legislation and the enforcement thereof. The purpose of the study that was done for this article was to compare available legislation of the United States of America, United Kingdom, Australia and South Africa to determine if South Africa’s legislation can be improved. This was done by studying the relevant literature and legislation of all four countries. The findings, that there is some clauses that can be added to improve South Africa’s legislation, were confirmed by analy

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Richardson, Ivor. "Simplicity in Legislative Drafting and Rewriting Tax Legislation." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v43i3.5032.

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The search for simplicity in legislative drafting affects all legislatures. It is also central to the work of the New Zealand Law Commission and of governments in other comparable jurisdictions. Rather than exploring a range of statutes in various jurisdictions, this article focuses on income tax. It does so for two reasons. The first is that income tax has been crucial to the funding of government in common law jurisdictions and to achieving a legislative balance between simplicity and other criteria of an acceptable tax system. The second is that we can draw on three recent projects to rewri

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Burton, Hughlene A., and Noel Brock. "Congress Finally Passes Carried Interest Legislation, But is it Enough?" ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr-52586.

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ABSTRACT After numerous failed previous attempts to enact legislation taxing “carried interest” income attributable to services as compensation income versus capital gains, Congress enacted Section 1061 as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Unlike previous proposals, which would tax carried interest income attributable to services as compensation income, Section 1061 simply reclassifies some carried interest income attributable to services as short-term capital gain. By choosing to treat carried interest income attributable to services as short-term capital gain instead of as compensation inco

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Tredoux, Liezel G., and Kathleen Van der Linde. "The Taxation of Company Distributions in Respect of Hybrid Instruments in South Africa: Lessons from Australia and Canada." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (January 12, 2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a6781.

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Tax legislation traditionally distinguishes between returns on investment paid on equity and debt instruments. In the main, returns on debt instruments (interest payments) are deductible for the paying company, while distributions on equity instruments (dividends) are not. This difference in taxation can be exploited using hybrid instruments and often leads to a debt bias in investment patterns. South Africa, Australia and Canada have specific rules designed to prevent the circumvention of tax liability when company distributions are made in respect of hybrid instruments. In principle, Austral

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Mooney, Jane, Kathleen Weiden, and Jang Shee Barry Lin. "Tax-related political costs and incentives to voluntarily expense stock options an analysis of the regulatory landscape." Corporate Ownership and Control 7, no. 1 (2009): 350–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv7i1c3p2.

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The threat of regulation is clear when proposed legislation is introduced in Congress or when other regulatory bodies formally begin consideration of new, tighter requirements. When faced with proposed undesirable regulation, firms may attempt to deflect it in a variety of ways. Accounting and economics research suggests that firms use accounting policy choice as a means of reducing political costs. Prior to 2002, only two firms voluntarily expensed stock options under the provisions of FASB 123. By the end of 2003, a number of firms volunteered to expense stock options in the face of possible

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Oler, Mitchell, Terry Shevlin, and Ryan Wilson. "Examining Investor Expectations Concerning Tax Savings on the Repatriations of Foreign Earnings under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004." Journal of the American Taxation Association 29, no. 2 (September 1, 2007): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2007.29.2.25.

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The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 was signed into law on October 22, 2004. One of the most significant aspects of this legislation is a temporary tax holiday for dividend repatriations from foreign subsidiaries. U.S. multinational corporations may elect during a one-year window to deduct 85 percent of extraordinary cash dividends received from foreign subsidiaries. In this study, we model the impact that this legislation has on a firm's decision to either repatriate or reinvest foreign earnings from abroad. We then examine investors' assessment of how U.S. multinational corporations will

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Wright, Kathleen K. "Multistate Workers and Their State Tax Liabilities." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2012): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr-50209.

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ABSTRACT The lack of uniformity of state laws applicable to employer withholding and their employees who work in multiple states has created a cumbersome compliance burden, not only for employers, but also for employees. This paper discusses the state tax ramifications associated with an employer having employees who work from a different state, and employers who have employees who perform services in multiple states. The paper also looks at proposed remedies for the mobile workforce issue, including proposed federal legislation and the Multistate Tax Commission's proposal addressing the issue

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McDowell, Evelyn, and Pamela C. Smith. "Examining Tax Strategy Patents—An Analysis of Reform Measures." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr.2009.7.1.16.

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Tax strategy patents (TSPs) are currently the center of debate due to their potential to monopolize interpretations of the tax code. Current legislative efforts to calm the debate surrounding tax strategy patents fail to do so. This paper analyzes current legislative reform measures aimed at TSPs. We identify both administrative and legislative problems surrounding TSPs, and argue that legislative reform that completely removes legal methods from patentable subject matter is critically necessary in order to provide equity for all taxpayers. Despite proposed legislation to curb the growth of TS

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Wright, Kathleen K., Stewart S. Karlinsky, and Kim A. Tarantino. "Lord of the Rings Impact on Federal and State Film Industry Tax Incentives and Their Tax Treatment." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr.2009.7.1.57.

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ABSTRACT: This article discusses recent developments for both federal and state tax purposes that directly impact the entertainment industry. For federal purposes, Congress has recently expanded the scope of the Section 181 and 199 deductions to allow more generous deductions, and in the case of Section 199 to relax the requirements which must be met to claim the deduction. The states seem to be in competition to “outdo” each other in enacting rebates or transferable credits to enhance the desirability of their states for film production. The tax treatment of these credits for both federal and

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Krever, Richard. "A Tax Policy Legacy: Tim Edgar's Contributions to Tax Scholarship and Tax Legislation." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 68, no. 2 (July 2020): 517–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2020.68.2.sym.krever.

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Tim Edgar's passing in December 2016 dealt a severe blow to tax scholarship in Canada and globally, not to mention being a sad loss for this journal, to which he was a contributor for over three decades. Tim's books, journal articles, and book chapters spanned a wide spectrum of tax policy issues and have played a central role in helping policy makers, academics, and students understand some of the most conceptually and technically difficult areas of tax law. Tim's book on the taxation of financial arrangements, published by the Canadian Tax Foundation, is viewed by policy makers worldwide as

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Wilkinson, Brett R., and Tracy J. Noga. "The Inequity of U.S. Estate Tax Consequences for Noncitizen Spouses and Expatriates and the Impact of the Proposed Exit Tax." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr.2007.5.1.1.

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In most cases, U.S. estate tax law permits assets passed to a spouse on death to be excluded from the tax net via the operation of the marital tax deduction. For individuals with noncitizen spouses, however, the law denies the marital deduction unless the assets are placed in a qualified domestic trust. The purpose of this arrangement is to prevent assets being lost to the estate tax system due to repatriation by the noncitizen spouse. The additional compliance costs imposed on noncitizen spouses regardless of whether they repatriate, stands in stark contrast to the regime faced by U.S. citize

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Pincus, Morton. "LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THE ALLOWANCE OF LIFO FOR TAX PURPOSES." Accounting Historians Journal 16, no. 1 (June 1, 1989): 23–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.16.1.23.

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The legislative history of the allowance of LIFO for tax purposes is documented. The legislative process was structured around veto points of the law and yielded an examination of the political environment out of which the LIFO tax provisions emerged. LIFO provisions were analyzed relative to alternative tax options available to firms, administrative and judicial activities, overall tax legislation including tax rates, and general economic conditions. Production processes of firms lobbying for LIFO were examined and the views of academics and practitioners were incorporated. In addition to pro

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Chambers, Valrie, and Anthony P. Curatola. "Child Tax Credit in Divorced Families." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr.2009.7.1.90.

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ABSTRACT: For more than 50 years, Congress has responded to the needs of families with various tax breaks ranging from exemptions, the adoption of Head of Household status, Child and Dependent Care Credit, increased Earned Income Credit (EIC) for those with dependent children, and the Child Tax Credit. With so many different tax breaks, tax planning for divorced parents has been dynamic and at times confusing. Part of the confusion originates from the intent of the special tax rules for divorced couples, divorce decrees, and federal income tax laws. This confusion was exacerbated with the pass

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SAJEEWANI, DISNA, MAHINDA SIRIWARDANA, and JUDITH MCNEILL. "HOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTIONAL AND REVENUE RECYCLING EFFECTS OF THE CARBON PRICE IN AUSTRALIA." Climate Change Economics 06, no. 03 (July 9, 2015): 1550012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007815500128.

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The Australian Government introduced a carbon tax from 1 July 2012. The then opposition party leader, now Prime Minister, introduced legislation to repeal the tax. Amongst the many issues being debated is that of the incidence of the tax. In this study, we explore household consumption and income changes arising from a A$23 carbon price employing a computable general equilibrium model (entitled A3E-G). The model has been calibrated using a social accounting matrix database of Australia with 10 household income groups. This carbon price generates A$6.39 billion revenue while reducing Australia'

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Khmelev, Sergey. "Problems of applying the principle of due diligence in the implementation of tax control in order to ensure the economic security of the enterprise." Russian Journal of Management 8, no. 4 (January 25, 2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2020-8-4-51-55.

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The article deals with the problems of applying the principle of due diligence in the current activities of the organization in the implementation of tax control in order to ensure the economic security of the enterprise in modern conditions of increasing the capabilities of information systems. Special attention is paid to the requirements of reliability of accounting and tax accounting. It is concluded that compliance with the strict requirements of the performance standards and innovations of Russian legislation on the tax records allows you to ensure the economic security of economic

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Lewis, David. "Taxation aspects of climate change management measures." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09015.

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Climate change is undoubtedly one of the greatest economic, social, and environmental challenges now facing the world. The present Australian Government is committed to acting on climate change and Australia’s progress towards its emissions reduction targets is being closely watched internationally. To contribute effectively to global climate change action, Australia must demonstrate its ability to implement robust and sustainable domestic emissions management legislation. The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS), modelled after the cap-and-trade system, continues to be debated by our poli

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Lang, Teresa Kay, and Jan Richard Heier. "THE AIA'S SPECIAL BULLETIN SERIES AND ITS EARLY GUIDANCE ON TAX ISSUES RELATED TO DEPRECIATION, 1920–1929." Accounting Historians Journal 40, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.40.1.51.

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ABSTRACT When the final state ratified the 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1913, levying taxes directly on individual incomes became a reality and opened up expanded taxation on businesses. For example, the supporting legislation allowed for the deduction of wear and tear on equipment as a business expense based on the service lives. Unfortunately for the tax preparer, there was no clear meaning of wear and tear and the interpretation of the of service lives in the legislation. With little or no guidance to CPA tax preparers and their clients, it was inevitable that Bureau of Intern

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Bratten, Brian, and David S. Hulse. "Retroactive Tax Legislation, Reported Earnings, and Investors' Responses to Earnings “Surprises”: Evidence from R&D Credit Extensions." Journal of the American Taxation Association 38, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/atax-51395.

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ABSTRACT When Congress retroactively extends a temporary tax rule, the effect on earnings is complex because financial reporting standards require firms to apply the integral method using enacted tax law to determine quarterly income tax expense. We model this effect and examine earnings announcements following retroactive extensions of the federal R&D tax credit to test how investors incorporate the effect into stock prices. We find that investors respond when earnings are announced, even though the effect could have been determined several weeks earlier. We also show that in recent years

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Carvalho, L. Nelson, and Bruno M. Salotti. "Adoption of IFRS in Brazil and the Consequences to Accounting Education." Issues in Accounting Education 28, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50373.

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ABSTRACT: Brazil is a rare case of a complete adoption of IFRS, not only for consolidated financial statements, but also for the individual ones. Very few countries dared to converge their accounting standards toward IFRS in the company-only financial statements, probably afraid of the tax or dividends impact. Brazil made the ambitious move, changing the Company law and altering the income tax legislation in such a way that a safe path was built to bridge from the old BR GAAP standards to IFRS.

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NIKOLAEVA, JEANNA. "POLICY ON LIABILITY FOR TAX CRIMES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ABROAD (COMPARATIVE ASPECT)." Sociopolitical sciences 10, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-4-91-98.

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The publication analyzes the policy in the field of legal liability for tax crimes in the Russian Federation and the States with which the Russian Federation has stable economic ties - Germany, Spain, France, China, the States of the Eurasian economic Union and the Commonwealth of independent States. The study suggests that the policy of States that are economic partners of the Russian Federation demonstrates a more severe approach to non-fulfillment of tax obligations. As a result of the study of foreign legislation, no States have been identified that have more lenient sanctions for tax crim

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Wright, Kathleen K., and Stewart S. Karlinsky. "Taxes versus Fees: Lead Paint and LLCs." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr.2007.5.1.57.

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This paper discusses the rather blurred distinction between fees and taxes, particularly for states like California where enactment of a tax requires a two-thirds vote while fees can be enacted with a simple majority. We discuss the California Supreme Court decision in Sinclair Paint wherein the Court adopted a broad definition of a fee. Many taxpayers feared that this would open the flood gates for enactment of fee legislation both in California and nationwide. We examine recent legislative and judicial trends in enactment of fee legislation and court interpretations following Sinclair Paint.

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Flesher, Tonya K., and Tina Steward Quinn. "Codification of the Economic Substance Doctrine and the Gregory Case." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr-50739.

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ABSTRACT Gregory v. Helvering is a landmark case in the area of corporate reorganizations. The concepts that evolved from Gregory include the business purpose test, continuity of business, the taxpayer's right to minimize tax liability, step transaction doctrine, and the economic substance doctrine. The Treasury Department sought a codification of the economic substance doctrine as a necessary weapon to curb the growth of corporate tax shelters. While the doctrine had been part of the fabric of our tax system since Gregory, it had been eroded by some confusing and conflicting case law. In 2010

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Vale, Juliana Pinhata Sanches do, and Sílvio Hiroshi Nakao. "Unconditional conservatism in Brazilian public companies and tax neutrality." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 28, no. 74 (March 6, 2017): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201702450.

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ABSTRACT Law n. 11,638/2007 legitimized the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption process in Brazil and introduced an accounting system detached from tax purposes in the country. This law aims to reduce the influence of tax law on accounting standards and improve the quality of financial reporting, as IFRS are considered to be higher quality standards. International literature shows a reduction in earnings quality in environments where accounting and tax rules are strongly linked. Moreover, the influence of tax legislation on financial accounting is seen to encourage unco

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Getman, V. G. "The Relevance of Improving the Legal Framework for Penal Sanctions and Their Accounting." Economics, taxes & law 12, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2019-12-1-120-126.

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The subject of the researchis the procedure for imposing penalties on business entities.The relevanceof the paper lies in the fact that nowadays there is an urgent need to streamline the current legislation in the part of establishing the responsibility of organizations for breach of tax legislation, especially for lesser breaches punishable by minor fines usually appealed against by organizations involved thereby overloading the work of courts.The purpose of the researchwas critical assessment of individual legislative provisions relating to the imposition of minor fines on legal entities doi

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Alexander, Raquel Meyer, and LeAnn Luna. "State-Sponsored College §529 Plans: An Analysis of Factors that Influence Investors' Choice." Journal of the American Taxation Association 27, s-1 (January 1, 2005): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2005.27.s-1.29.

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Taxpayers have invested more than $45 billion in state-sponsored §529 college savings plans. Created by federal legislation in 1996 and enhanced by a 2001 tax law change, all 50 states and the District of Columbia now offer a §529 plan. Some states provide tax deductions and/or exemptions to taxpayers choosing in-state plans. Because of the lack of historical return data on these funds and the absence of comparable investment vehicles, investors rely extensively upon securities dealers for fund recommendations. Using proprietary panel data for 77 plans in 50 states over eight quarters, this pa

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Beebeejaun, Ambareen. "The Anti-Avoidance Provisions of the Mauritius Income Tax Act 1995." International Journal of Law and Management 60, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 1223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-07-2017-0174.

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Purpose A taxpayer who gets caught under Part VII of the Mauritius Income Tax Act is subjected to a corrective measure only in the form of payment of the amount of tax that would have been due in the absence of the avoidance arrangement, but the consequences set out in the same section do not result in any disincentive to the taxpayer that would ensure the prevention of the occurrence of such type of anti-avoidance practices in the future. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the anti-avoidance provisions in the Mauritius legislation as a weapon against impermissible tax avoidan

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Svirák, Pavel, and Karel Brychta. "Intangible asset tax depreciation in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 7 (2011): 527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159070527.

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This paper aims to familiarize readers with the legislative development of intangible asset tax depreciation in the Czech Republic since 1993. The paper is divided into several basic chapters, of which the main chapter describes and analyzes the development of legislation in three thus-existing legal modes regulating intangible asset tax depreciation (the periods 1993–2000; 2001–2004; 2004–2011). A separate sub-chapter deals with each of these three modes, which fundamentally differ in the concept of determining tax depreciations. For better clarity, changes in the legislation in question are

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Clausing, Kimberly A. "Profit Shifting before and after the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." National Tax Journal 73, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 1233–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2020.4.14.

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In recent years, profit shifting by multinational companies (MNCs) has generated substantial revenue costs to the U.S. government. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) changed U.S. international tax law in several important ways. This paper discusses the nature of these changes and their possible effects on profit shifting. The paper also evaluates the effects of the global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) tax on the location of taxable profits. Once company adjustment to the legislation is complete, estimates suggest that the GILTI tax will reduce the corporate profits of U.S. multinational af

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Harris, David G., and Jane R. Livingstone. "Federal Tax Legislation as an Implicit Contracting Cost Benchmark: The Definition of Excessive Executive Compensation." Accounting Review 77, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 997–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002.77.4.997.

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We examine how tax legislation that restricted firms' deductions of CEO compensation above $1 million reduced the implicit contracting cost of compensation for firms that were expected to pay below that amount and that were not directly affected by the law change. We find that firms that expected to pay their CEOs less than $1 million actually increased their CEOs' cash compensation, contrary to Congress's expectations. Moreover, the magnitude of the unexpected increase in compensation is proportional to how far the CEO's expected compensation fell below Congress's new $1 million reasonable-co

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Shkulipa, Liudmyla. "METHODS FOR DETERMINING TAX INCOME IN ACCORDANCE WITH NATIONAL LAW AND IAS 12 “INCOME TAXES”." Economic Analysis, no. 30(4) (2020): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.04.182.

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Introduction. A profit is one of the most important indicators of the financial performance of business entities, as it is a source of financing the costs of their production and social development. The part of the income is withdrawn by the state as an income tax and a source of funding for public expenditure. The understanding of the correct methodology for determining tax profit in accordance with applicable national law and IAS 12 "Income Taxes" is being the most often interest of the accountants and practitioners. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to investigate the methodology for d

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Shukarasi, Valbona. "The New Albanian Company Law a Serious Effort for the Implementation of Europian Standards of Law on Commercial Company." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v2i1.p205-211.

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Albanian Company law has changed profoundly in recent time. These changes have not merely been limited to technical issues, but amount to a revolution in core areas of the Albanian company law framework. To a large extent, these changes were driven by the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between Albanian and The European Union, aiming inter alia at the approximation of Albania’s existing legislation to the Community acquis. Given the objective to bring Albanian law in line with European Union requirements on company law, it is not a big surprise that the legislator assisted by internati

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Killian, Sheila, Stewart S. Karlinsky, Garry Payne, and Jackie Arendse. "Mixed Blessing of Being Designated a Small Business: A Four Country Comparison." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr.2007.5.1.16.

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This article will focus on how four countries' income tax laws define a small business and how the taxing authorities and legislators attempt to prevent small business definitions from being exploited by potentially unintended users or for unintended purposes. We will use the experiences from four diverse countries (Australia, Ireland, South Africa, and the U.S.), which take their roots from the same legal system (England) to see if there are best practices that can be adapted for these and other countries as well. A fundamental question that arises when discussing tax incentives and disincent

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JAMES, SIMON, and IAN WALLSCHUTZKY. "Tax Law Improvement in Australia and the UK: The Need for a Strategy for Simplification." Fiscal Studies 18, no. 4 (November 1997): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1997.tb00273.x.

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Durant, Monique O. "The Federal-State Tempest of Medical Marijuana Taxation: Seeking a Bridge over Troubled Waters." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr-51132.

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ABSTRACT Presently, federal income taxation of medical marijuana is the same as for cocaine or heroin; the only permitted adjustment to gross revenues in calculating federal taxable income is cost of goods sold. Where medical marijuana has been legalized, however, state income taxation falls primarily into two groups, with some states permitting nonprofit treatment of dispensaries for state purposes, although they will not receive such treatment for federal tax purposes. Other states make no requirement of nonprofit status, such that state taxation of these enterprises generally follows federa

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Carminati, Lara. "Between ethics and law." Society and Business Review 14, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-04-2018-0032.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer a critical and broad perspective on how transnational companies (TNCs) behave in the global context, focussing its attention on the controversial issue of tax avoidance in the UK. It pursues this aim by taking into account not only economic globalisation, mobility of capital and tax havens but also ethics and corporate social responsibility.Design/methodology/approachThis paper seeks to provide an interdisciplinary viewpoint drawing not only from well-established scholarly literature but also from real cases and evidence, such as the scandals involv

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ZHUK, OLHA, and ANTONINA TOMASHEVSKA. "TAX PLANNING IN THE ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 6, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2019): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.6.3-4.96-102.

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The differences between the concepts of “tax planning”, “tax minimization” and “tax optimization” are investigated and it is established that tax minimization is the maximum reduction of all taxes, tax optimization is the achievement of a proportion between all aspects of an entity's activity; tax planning The system of measures of the enterprise is directed to the maximum use of the current legislation for the purpose of legal optimization of payments. It has been determined that the ways to reduce the tax burden include tax benefits, preferential taxation and the possibility of choosing a si

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Bosankić, Dragan. "Tax and legal treatment of hybrid financial instruments." Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu, no. 2/2018 (July 14, 2018): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51204/anali_pfub_18210a.

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Besides the motives not prevailingly concerning the tax, hybrid financial instruments are used both in the context of one tax system, and particularly in the international scenario, aiming at tax savings generation. Depending on whether the participants in the transaction are taxpayers within the same tax system, or not, the paper analyses the tax and legal consequences of the classification of hybrid financial instruments. Special attention has been paid to the tax and legal treatment of hybrid financial instruments in the Serbian taxation legislation, in which, for taxation purposes, there i

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Edwards, Courtney H., Mark H. Lang, Edward L. Maydew, and Douglas A. Shackelford. "Germany's Repeal of the Corporate Capital Gains Tax: The Equity Market Response." Journal of the American Taxation Association 26, s-1 (January 1, 2004): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2004.26.s-1.73.

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In late 1999, the German government made a surprise announcement that it would repeal the large and long-standing capital gains tax on sales of corporate crossholdings effective in 2002. The repeal has been hailed as a revolutionary step toward breaking up the extensive web of crossholdings among German companies. The lock-in effect from the large corporate capital gains tax was said to act as a barrier to efficient acquisition and divestiture of German firms and divisions. Many observers predicted that once the lock-in effect was removed, Germany would experience a flurry of acquisition and d

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Lee, Alvin, and Claire Lambert. "Corporate Social Responsibility in McDonald’s Australia." Asian Case Research Journal 21, no. 02 (December 2017): 393–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927517500146.

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This case focuses on marketing public policy and legislation issues in the business environment. The Commonwealth Government of Australia wants to impose mandatory warning labels for fast-food served by quick-service chainrestaurants like McDonald’s. These warnings are to appear on fast-food packaging to warn diners of the possible harms arising from consuming fast-food. This is similar to the warnings that are used in Australia on tobacco product packages. This highlights a turning point where legislators appear to be heeding calls of vocal pressure groups to curb and legislate the industry’s

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Nikolaeva, Zhanna. "Criminological Features and Determination Specifics of Modern Tax Crimes." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 5 (November 20, 2020): 710–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(5).710-722.

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The author analyzes statistical information on tax crimes, the causes of the fluctuation of their quantitative parameters, and the impact of the economic downturn on tax crimes. Data characterizing the personality of tax offenders are presented. Determinants of tax crimes are examined. The author studies data that reflect the impact of the economic downturn of 2015-2016 and the subsequent stabilization of the economy on the observance of tax obligations. The key determinants of tax crimes that constitute its causal complex are recognized to be self-interest, a desire to get excess profit, and

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Murray, J. H. "TAXATION OF FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS —FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS." APPEA Journal 47, no. 1 (2007): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj06035.

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On 3 January 2007 the Minister for Revenue and Assistant Treasurer Peter Dutton released revised exposure draft legislation and explanatory material in relation to the taxation of financial arrangements that would ‘reduce uncertainties and distortions’. Further Mr Dutton said that:‘The reforms will lead to lower costs for financial activities conducted by business and result in improved competitiveness and great efficiency in the general operation of Australia’s financial markets.’This release followed a previous exposure draft released for consultation purposes during December 2005. Many chan

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Moore, R. K., and R. M. Willcocks. "SOME COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND MINING." APPEA Journal 25, no. 1 (1985): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj84014.

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The petroleum industry in Australia is at the centre of a web of complex laws. In addition to the legislation under which petroleum exploration and production tenements are granted there is a multiplicity of statutes and regulations, Commonwealth and State, which have a direct bearing on the conduct of those involved in exploring for or exploiting Australia's petroleum reserves. For example, the level of participation by foreigners is governed by the Commonwealth Foreign Investment Guidelines and the Foreign Takeovers Act 1975; the Commonwealth has control over the export of petroleum under th

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Thottoli, Mohammed Muneerali. "Impact of Accounting Software among SMEs Accountants in Oman." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 4, no. 2 (2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(2).25-33.2020.

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Financial losses, bankruptcy and closure of the company may be the result of incorrect choice of accounting software, inefficient modernization of such software depending on the specifics of the economic entity and ignorance of technical knowledge of staffs to work with the software product. The paper notes that for companies from member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, the technique of implementation and application of tax legislation and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) differs significantly from other countries. The article emphasizes that in Oman, companies need

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KUZU, Serdar. "TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ THE IMPACT OF TRANSFER PRICING PRACTICE ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AND THE EVALUATION FROM THE TAX POINT." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 1, no. 2 (January 15, 2014): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v1i2.33.

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The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses sh

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KUZU, Serdar. "TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 1, no. 2 (January 15, 2014): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v1i2.63.

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The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses sh

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Magro, Dalva, and Roberto Da Piedade Francisco. "A Public Policy based on fiscal incentives for supporting companies to Invest in Innovation Projects – The Law of Good." Journal of Innovation Management 5, no. 1 (May 18, 2017): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_005.001_0003.

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Creativity, technical knowledge and financial resources, whether public or private, are three very important subjects to encourage technological innovation. Public policies on fiscal incentives fostering the increase of investment of financial resources for RD&I projects are particularly needed in developing countries. Therefore, this article aims to inform about the legal and bureaucratic procedures for the execution of research projects developed by partnerships between a company and an Institute of Science and Technology (i.e. ICT) applying the incentives of Brazilian Federal Law No. 11

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Zani, João, Eduardo Tomedi Leites, Clea Beatriz Macagnan, and Márcio Telles Portal. "Interest on equity and capital structure in the Brazilian context." International Journal of Managerial Finance 10, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-08-2011-0068.

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Purpose – The interest paid on own capital can benefit companies in the Brazilian capital market as it can be considered a business expense and is, therefore, deductible as a corporate tax. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of interest on equity (IOE) on capital structure decisions. Design/methodology/approach – The initial sample consisted of 524 publicly traded companies from different industries in the Brazilian capital market that were listed on Bovespa. Companies in the finance, insurance and funds industries were excluded from the sample due to the unique features of thes

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Reid, Jean Margo. "LEGAL ACCEPTANCE OF ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES IN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES: SOME LESSONS FROM HISTORY." Accounting Historians Journal 15, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.15.1.1.

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This paper examines and contrasts nineteenth century case law in Great Britain and the United States in which courts had to decide whether to accept accounting concepts having to do with making provisions for depreciation, amortization and depletion. It should be emphasized that the courts were not arguing about accounting theory, per se; they were deciding particular disputes, which depended on the meaning in each case of pro its. By 1889, when Lee v. Neuchatel Asphalte Company was decided, British courts had rejected accepted fixed asset accounting conventions in determining profits in tax,

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