Journal articles: 'Tax Haven'

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Lusch, Stephen J., and James Stekelberg. "State Tax Haven Legislation and Corporate Income Tax Revenues." Public Finance Review 48, no. 3 (April 9, 2020): 354–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142120914280.

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In response to the rise of foreign tax haven usage by multinational corporations, several US states have enacted laws that require income from affiliated entities operating in tax haven jurisdictions to be included on the firm’s state income tax return. We examine the revenue effects of this legislation. Employing a variety of alternative empirical approaches including a difference-in-differences specification, state and year fixed effects regressions, and a synthetic control methodology, our results provide consistent evidence of a positive association between the enactment of tax haven legislation and state corporate income tax revenues in all enacting states except West Virginia. Our study contributes to the state tax policy literature and the literature on tax havens. Moreover, given that states continue to consider implementing, changing, or repealing tax haven legislation, our results inform this current policy debate.

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Blanco, Luisa R., and Cynthia L. Rogers. "Do Tax Havens Really Flourish?" Global Economy Journal 12, no. 3 (August 17, 2012): 1850267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1524-5861.1850.

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That tax haven policies contribute to favorable economic growth in tax haven countries is commonly accepted. Empirical investigations, however, do not substantiate this assertion and are subject to endogeneity bias. Using a sample of 155 countries from 1982 to 2003, we find that the standard tax haven variable is endogenous to the error term in a typical growth regression. We offer land area measures as valid instruments for tax haven status. Results based on two-stage least squares estimation with heteroskedastic standard errors and controls for initial conditions provide support for the claim that tax havens “flourish” compared with non-tax haven countries even when accounting for the self-selection of tax haven status.

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Tjondro, Elisa, Gracia Pulcheria Valentina, Sianne Ivana Gunawan, and Yohannes Dewantoro. "Tax Audit Signals Contribute to the Diminishing of Tax Haven Beneficiary Firm Value." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis 17, no. 2 (July 27, 2022): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2022.v17.i02.p06.

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The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview of the interaction of the tax havens' use and disclosure of tax audits and the impact of both on the firm value before the tax rate reduction period. The sample is Indonesia-listed firms in agriculture, basic industry and chemical, miscellaneous industry, and consumer goods sectors for 2015 – 2019. This research uses panel data and weighted least square regression. The findings indicate that using tax havens through subsidiaries is associated with increased firm value. In contrast, firms that have subsidiaries in a tax haven and disclose the result of tax audits are associated with a decrease in firm value. This research, to our knowledge, is the first research that combines the impact of tax haven utilization and tax audit disclosure on firm value in Indonesia. Keywords: tax haven utilization, tax audit disclosure, firm value, tax haven subsidiaries, signalling theory

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Al-taie, Bushra Fadhil Khudhair, Hakeem Hammood Flayyih, Hassnain Raghib Talab, and Noor Abbas Hussein. "Role of Tax Havens in the Tax Revenue Development and Its Reflection on the Public Revenues of the Developing Countries: An Empirical Study in Iraq (2004–2014)." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n2p289.

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Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the role of tax haven on tax revenue development and its reflection on public revenue in Iraq between 2004 and 2014. A review of tax haven literature revealed that there are different types of tax havens, categorizations, characteristics, effects of tax havens, socio-economic consequence and reaction to tax haven that requires analysis. An empirical analysis is done in the public revenue of Iraq from 2004 to 2014. Descriptive statistics and evidentiary are employed as the analysis techniques. It is revealed that the importance of structure analysis of public revenues is connected with tax haven because the basic foundation for the State budget. Also, the growth rates of tax revenue for the period beyond the year 2003 which saw the Iraq regime change and more open to the world and draws from a socialist economy to a market economy, as well as the effect of the tax was havens with the direct tax income withholding tax, as well as the impact of tax revenue in the Public State revenues. Withthe analytical nature of the study reported in this paper, there is still an opportunity for further work on larger populations to confirm the generalizability of the findings.

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Ronfeldt, Thomas. "Tax Havens and Tax Shelters: A Legal View on the Cross-Border Intermediate Holding Companies within the EU." Intertax 43, Issue 4 (April 1, 2015): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2015029.

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This article will set out some points on the issue of Tax Havens which are also known as Tax Shelters. Tax Havens (or Tax Shelters) are a major concern in most of the world. This is because the Tax Haven issue has a great impact on the economies throughout the world. Politicians, particularly in Europe and the US, are discussing taking actions against Tax Havens. In the US some action has already been taken. It seems like the discussions and the upcoming decision-making are made on the grounds where the issue at hand is not fully understood. The main question may then be, what exactly is a Tax Haven?

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Jalan, Akanksha, and R. Vaidyanathan. "Tax havens: conduits for corporate tax malfeasance." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 25, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-04-2016-0039.

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Purpose This paper is an effort to demystify tax havens – what they mean, what they offer and why they are harmful. It offers a detailed analysis of abusive tax planning by multinational corporations, involving the use of tax havens, shedding light on how corporations use “egregious” tax-sheltering techniques right from their incorporation to avoid payment of income taxes. The paper also discusses global efforts against the phenomenon and policy recommendations. Design/methodology/approach The paper brings together definitions from various sources to accurately define and identify tax haven economies. The key contribution of the paper is to diagrammatically explain the use of tax havens by MNCs right from the time they are incorporated. It explains how every big and small corporate decision is motivated by the desire to save taxes and how tax havens come in handy for such corporations. Findings This paper finds that base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) is a pervasive phenomenon, largely due to the suppliers of tax haven operations. Here, corporate decisions are divided into strategic and operational and further subdivided into investing, operating and financing activities, and provide real-life corporate examples of how tax havens fit into almost every corporate decision. This is the key contribution of the paper. Research limitations/implications This is a review paper that sums up knowledge about tax havens and their use by MNCs. It does not, however, use empirical data to corroborate its findings. It would be interesting to see empirically whether MNCs with greater tax haven operations actually have lower effective tax rates. Practical implications The paper can provide a framework for designing tax policies in a manner that geographical arbitrage can be minimized. It can enable formulation of the necessary incentive structures in the form of penalties, rewards and the like for both the users and providers of tax haven services to curb massive base and profit shifting out of high-tax countries. Social implications The paper is one small step in the direction of bringing about equality in tax payments, i.e. to align real tax systems with the canon of equality that Adam Smith once dreamt of. Taxes should be progressive in nature, implying that the amount of taxes paid should increase with one’s income. However, with the advent of offshore financial centres and egregious tax planning techniques, only the smaller corporations and middle-class individuals end up paying taxes, while the rich and bigger corporations get away easily. Originality/value The paper explores in detail the manner in which MNCs use, rather exploit, regulatory loopholes in tax systems of different countries to save on tax payments. By shifting their tax base from one country to another, MNCs not only hamper Treasury collections but also breed disrespect for the global tax system. The paper can help in designing tax laws in tune with such corporate motives.

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Elexa, Ľuboš, Michal Ištok, and Lea Šlampiaková. "DO LINKS TO TAX HAVENS AFFECT COMPANIES’ FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE? THE CASE OF SLOVAKIA." E+M Ekonomie a Management 25, no. 1 (March 2022): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-004.

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This paper aims to quantify the impact of direct equity ownership links between Slovak companies and tax havens. We distinguish between three types of tax haven: onshore, midshore and offshore. The financial impacts are measured by indicators of profitability (ROA); activity (total asset turnover); liquidity (current ratio); and bankruptcy (IN05). To measure the impacts, we link the Bisnode and Finstat databases. The first database lists those Slovak companies that had links with tax havens during 2005–2015. The second provides financial statements for all Slovak companies. It was found that: 1) There are statistically significant differences in all investigated indicators between Slovak companies with and without links to tax havens. Those with links to tax havens generally reported worse economic situations and levels of performance compared to those without such links. We conclude that having a parent company resident in a tax haven had a negative effect on financial performance. 2) There are statistically significant differences between the selected indicators of company performance, across the different categories of tax haven, and for companies with no links to tax havens. 3) Those with no such links show statistically significant correlations between all their examined performance indicators. But for those companies with links to tax havens, the only statistically significant correlation was between profitability and the remaining indicators. 4) Companies with ownership links to tax havens are clearly engaged in profit-shifting activities. The results suggest opportunities for follow-up projects, especially focusing on different industries and company size that could specify their heterogeneous approaches and variability in objectives.

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Ko, Jong Kwon, and Hee Jin Park. "Tax Haven Utilization and Tax Avoidance." Korean Accounting Journal 26, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 83–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24056/kaj.2017.03.002.

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Ghodbane, Walid, Djawad Sangdal, and Hafedh Benabdennebi. "The Use of Tax Havens by MNEs in Business Clusters: A Cross-country and Firm-level Analysis." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 4 (July 26, 2021): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.4.883.

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This paper examines the use of tax havens by MNEs located in business clusters versus their non-cluster counterparts. We extend the knowledge-based theory to construct a number of empirical hypotheses that are tested using dichotomous choice models. The firm-level dataset covers 21,389 MNEs from 5 OECD countries during the years 2009-2017. We find evidence that MNEs, who are part of a business cluster use tax haven subsidiaries to a greater extent compared with MNEs, who are not part of a business cluster. This association continues to hold whilst controlling for other important factors that drive tax haven FDI. Additional insights suggest that firm age, size and technological sophistication can impact the magnitude of the correlation between MNEs in business clusters and their tax haven activity. The findings of this paper shed more light on the use of tax havens among MNEs in their international business operations and have important implications for policy makers and managers.

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Rusina, Aija. "Name and shame? Evidence from the European Union tax haven blacklist." International Tax and Public Finance 27, no. 6 (March 28, 2020): 1364–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-020-09594-6.

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Abstract I study publication of the European Union (EU) tax haven blacklist on December 5, 2017, to examine whether and how the use of recognized tax havens affects firm value. I find that the tax haven naming and shaming by the EU was associated with a negative stock price reaction of firms with tax haven subsidiaries. Overall, publication of the blacklist erased $56 billion in market capitalization among the implicated firms. The largest reaction was for those tax havens, for which it was not foreseeable that they would be included in the blacklist. Retail firms experienced a larger decrease in share price than firms in other industries, which is consistent with a potential consumer backlash. Also more tax-aggressive firms faced more negative returns, which suggests that investors expect firms might be audited or fined for past or overly aggressive tax avoidance. The negative reaction was less pronounced in countries with low levels of investor protection and weakly governed firms with substantial conflicts of interest between principals and shareholders. This is consistent with increased scrutiny and potential for countermeasures associated with the blacklist, which reduce opportunities for managerial wealth diversion.

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Cruz, Diego Quiñones. "Whirlpools and Sea Monsters: Navigating Tax Havens." Intertax 39, Issue 4 (April 1, 2011): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2011021.

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Tax havens are one of the main areas of concern in contemporary tax policy, especially in these times of strenuous budgetary tension and outrageous tax fraud scandals. This article analyses the nature of tax havens and reflects on contemporary tax policy experiences in order to argue in favour of a definition based on the elements of secrecy and intent to escape tax burdens coupled with an examination of tax systems, services provided, functional structure, and the jurisdiction's attitudinal display. Having identified traditional conceptions of fiscal sovereignty, lack of medium- and long-term strategies, and ignoring the demand side of the equation as hurdles that prevent real progress, this article is concluded by formulating a series of tax policy recommendations that emphasize the importance of combined flexible conditionality-multilateral efforts to articulate the interests of the four main actors involved in tax havens (tax haven jurisdictions, users, financial intermediaries, and tax residence jurisdictions that are trying to recover revenue) in a network of cooperative strategies that provide: (1) economic substitution alternatives, (2) improvements of domestic tax systems so as to bolster legitimacy and reduce tax haven demand, and (3) which seek to attack societal complacency with tax fraud.

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Demiroglu, Niiara. "Tax incentives as an element of the state's economic policy." KANT 37, no. 4 (December 2020): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-37.13.

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The article considers the necessity and relevance of tax incentives, and its types: "tax holidays", "tax haven", "tax havens", "investment credit", "accelerated depreciation", "tax deferral". The goals of economic tax incentives are systematized. The classification of tax benefits is generalized. Conclusions are drawn about the need to assess the effectiveness of tax incentives.

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Yoon Oh. "Tax Avoidance and tax evasion through tax haven entities." Journal of IFA, Korea 30, no. 1 (February 2014): 137–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17324/ifakjl.30.1.201402.004.

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Wuarmanuk, Benyamin Melatnebar, Yunia Oktari, Kito Kurniawan, and Eugenius Laluur. "Menalar Indikator yang Berkorelasi Terhadap Penerapan Tax Haven." Strategic: Journal of Management Sciences 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37403/strategic.v2i2.57.

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This study uses the variables of transfer pricing, intangible assets, management compensation, and multinational companies to focus on the factors that influence the use of tax havens. This study aims to determine the determinants of the use of related companies in tax havens, specifically this study uses secondary data, namely the annual reports of all non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and subsidiaries listed in tax havens. 2017. This is a quantitative study using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that active transfer pricing activities and management compensation have a positive impact on the utilization of related companies in tax havens. The high activity of intangible assets and multinational companies does not have a significant impact on the utilization of related companies in the tax haven. The results of this study are to determine the indicators of the use of companies associated with taxpayers. Based on the results of the delay test, it is concluded that the operation of violent price transfers and management compensation has a positive effect on the use of affiliated companies in tax havens. The high performance of intangible assets and international companies has no significant impact on the use of affiliated companies in tax havens. The results of this study indicate the effect of transfer prices and management on the use of affiliated companies in tax havens. The results of this study can create a map of the company's behavior identified in the tax relationship

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Bhudiyanti, Khopifa, and Trisni Suryarini. "PENGARUH TAX HAVEN, FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, DAN INTANGIBLE ASSETS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN TRANSFER PRICING." Nominal: Barometer Riset Akuntansi dan Manajemen 11, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/nominal.v11i2.51444.

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Abstrak: Pengaruh tax haven, foreign ownership, dan intangible assets terhadap keputusan transfer pricing. Transfer pricing merupakan penetapan terhadap harga barang, jasa, maupun aset tidak berwujud yang dilakukan dari satu divisi ke divisi lain dalam perusahaan yang sama atau antar perusahaan yang saling memiliki hubungan istimewa. Motif transfer pricing yaitu untuk meminimalkan beban pajak yang ditanggung perusahaan guna mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh tax haven, foreign ownership, dan intangible assets terhadap transfer pricing. Populasi yang digunakan yaitu perusahaan infrastruktur, utilitas, dan transportasi yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2016 hingga 2020 sejumlah 400 perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dan terpilih 40 unit analisis. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yakni analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tax haven berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap keputusan transfer pricing, sedangkan foreign ownership dan intangible assets tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan transfer pricing. Kata kunci: Transfer Pricing, Surga Pajak, Kepemilikan Asing, Aset Tidak BerwujudAbstract: The effect of tax haven, foreign ownership, and intangible assets on transfer pricing decisions. Transfer pricing is the determination of the price of goods, services, or intangible assets carried out from one division to another within the same company or between companies that have special relationships. The transfer pricing motive is to minimize the tax burden borne by the company in order to obtain higher profits. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of tax havens, foreign ownership, and intangible assets on transfer pricing decisions. The population used are infrastructure, utility, and transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020 with a total of 400 companies. This study used a purposive sampling method and selected 40 units of analysis. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that tax havens have a positive and significant effect on transfer pricing decisions. Meanwhile, foreign ownership and intangible assets variables have no significant effect on transfer pricing decisions.Keywords: Transfer Pricing, Tax Haven, Foreign Ownership, Intangible Asset

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Mourao, Paulo Reis. "Exploring the Likelihood of a Country Being a Tax Haven Using MIMIC Models." Econometric Research in Finance 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/erfin-2020-0002.

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AbstractThe multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) framework is used to analyze dimensions related to causation and indicators of tax haven status. Robust results were obtained that identify a country’s tax burden and area as causes of a country adopting policies usually observed in tax havens. The level of social security contributions as a proportion of public revenues and the ratio of indirect to direct taxes were found to be statistically significant indicators of tax havens. Data from 68 countries for more than twenty years were analyzed, enabling the results to contribute to a deepening of the current debate about tax havens and their socio-economic profiles.

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Kudrle, Robert T. "The OECD's Harmful Tax Competition Initiative and the Tax Havens: From Bombshell to Damp Squib." Global Economy Journal 8, no. 1 (January 2008): 1850128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1329.

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The OECD's Harmful Tax Competition of 1998 departed in both tone and substance from almost anything the organization had published before. The roots of the associated project lie mainly in EU concerns that certain forms of intra-union competition were eroding both the corporate and personal income tax bases of member states. But it appeared impossible to deal with those problems unless policies were also changed in the 40 or so jurisdictions know as “tax havens.” HTC threatened sanctions against the tax havens if they failed to collect and share information upon request about individuals and corporations attempting to evade or avoid income taxes. HTC also set criteria for the legitimacy of claims about corporate location. A firm could claim location in a tax haven only if it had “substantial” activity there. The report created a furor among the tax havens, which complained loudly that they were facing a new form of colonial control by being held accountable for standards they had no role in setting. Over the next several years the corporate element of the project disappeared, and the style of the OECD's approach shifted from confrontation to cooperation. HTC was strongly supported by the Clinton Administration, and summaries of the project's development often stress how much change came with the election of George W. Bush. A careful look at OECD reports, however, reveals that much of the shift in direction occurred before the outcome of the U.S. election in 2000 had been determined. The revised focus on bank secrecy did yield results. Virtually all of the tax havens had acceded to the revised OECD demands for transparency and information exchange by 2004. This article looks at the data on tax haven liabilities to gauge the impact of the project on tax evasion. It employs the ARIMA technique to investigate both tax haven activity as a whole and the particularly important case of the Cayman Islands. No significant impact can be found probably because investment in the havens remains very easy to disguise and very difficult to detect. This suggests that an effective attack on personal income evasion will require more than the OECD demanded. Automatic information-sharing on the ownership based on an internationally consistent set of identifying numbers over a range of financial instruments holds greater promise for a significant decline in the use of the havens for tax evasion.

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Burandt, Patrycja. "Methods of Tax Optimisation with the Use of Tax Havens." Financial Law Review, no. 22 (2) (2021): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/22996834flr.21.013.13981.

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The present study is concerned with chosen methods employed in a legal and illegal way by the taxpayers in order to reduce their tax burdens by the use of tax havens. The aim of this article is to elaborate on the phenomenon of tax competition, in particular, ways of using it for the purpose of tax optimisation. The essence of a tax haven introduced at the beginning serves as an introduction to the remaining content and lets one understand the outline of the discussed phenomenon. The presented methods cannot be considered a legal advice, but only an objective characteristic.

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Khouri, Samer, Lubos Elexa, Michal Istok, and Andrea Rosova. "A Study from Slovakia on the Transfer of Slovak Companies to Tax Havens and Their Impact on the Sustainability of the Status of a Business Entity." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102803.

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The main aim of this paper is to provide empirical evidence about profit-shifting to selected tax havens by Slovak companies. This contribution focused on the very rare evidence of use of tax havens by Slovak companies not only in the field of corporate income tax, but also in selected areas of profitability. Two sources of data were used. Lists of Slovak companies with tax haven links were provided by the company, Bisnode, and financial statements of investigated companies were gained from the Finstat database. Based on the available data, the investigated period was between 2008 and 2016. We statistically tested selected indicators (ETR, taxes per assets, ROE, ROA, and ROS) of Slovak companies with direct ownership links to tax havens compared to their counterparts. Our findings suggest that Slovak companies with an ownership link to tax havens pay significantly lower taxes compared to companies without ownership links to tax havens during the period monitored. The aggressive tax planning was not only confirmed by the significantly lower reported values of ETR and taxes per assets, but also by the lower values of ROA. On the one side, Slovak companies with ownership links to midshore tax havens had the highest values of ROE, ROA, and ROS, but on the other side, these Slovak companies reported the highest ETR among the appointed categories (onshore, midshore, and offshore). The lowest taxes paid per unit of total assets were found in Slovak companies with ownership links to onshore tax havens. The analysis was supplemented by the changes of the selected indicators before and after obtaining an ownership link to a tax haven.

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Marian, Omri. "Blockchain Havens and the Need for Their Internationally-Coordinated Regulation." Florida Tax Review 23, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 770–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/ftr.2020.2011.

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This Article describes the rise of a new form of regulatory havens. Jurisdictions that have traditionally been characterized as “tax havens” are gradually becoming hubs for blockchain-based ventures. These jurisdictions attract blockchain entrepreneurs by offering refuge from regulatory and tax burdens imposed by developed economies. These new “Blockchain Havens” create a regulatory “race to the bottom” that is traditionally associated with the world of international tax evasion and avoidance. Over the past several years, developed economies have put to use—mostly through coordinated efforts—several regulatory frameworks aimed to address some of the negative effects of tax havens. These regulatory instruments are aimed against the haven jurisdictions themselves, or the private institutions operating in such jurisdictions. However, this Article argues that the unique nature of blockchain-based technology—most importantly, decentralization and temper resistance—makes such traditional anti-tax haven policies ineffective in the blockchain context. This Article argues that coordinated international regulatory policies must be quickly developed to address certain important aspects of blockchain technology. Such coordination is necessary to prevent an uncontrolled regulatory race to the bottom, while at the same time preserving the benefits of blockchain-based applications.

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Ogle, Vanessa. "‘Funk Money’: The End of Empires, The Expansion of Tax Havens, and Decolonization as an Economic and Financial Event*." Past & Present 249, no. 1 (August 23, 2020): 213–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtaa001.

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Abstract This article explores the question of what happened to European assets in the process of decolonization. It argues that decolonization created a money panic of sorts that led white settlers, businessmen, and officials to seek to liquidate assets they owned and move funds out of the colonial world. Instead of being repatriated to metropolitan countries with high tax rates and exchange controls, money moved to tax havens. Decolonization thus provided an important share of early postwar tax haven business in a period when tax havens and offshore finance expanded during the 1950s and 1960s. In turn, the withdrawal of Euro-American investments from the decolonizing world set the stage for the politics of development and modernization in the coming decades. Ironically, the outflow of funds during decolonization and the subsequent return of some funds in restructured form as investments by multinational and other companies soon caused difficulties in newly independent developing countries. Companies soon found ways to rebook profits to have occurred in a tax haven rather than in the developing world, thus depriving low-income countries from tax revenue. The withdrawal of Euro-American investments from the colonial world during decolonization moreover had implications for the growth of portfolio investment, as funds removed from colonies were often invested through a tax haven onwards in US securities. All in all, decolonization was an economic and financial event that is only beginning to emerge in full detail.

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Kudrle, Robert T. "Ending the Tax Haven Scandals." Global Economy Journal 9, no. 3 (September 24, 2009): 1850175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1520.

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States around the world appear more determined than ever to end tax haven abuse. The new U.S. administration, for example, is taking action against both major tax haven problems: corporation income tax avoidance and personal income tax evasion. Some progress may be made. This essay argues, however, that only radically new policy will likely suffice either to shore up corporate tax revenues or to sharply diminish evasion. Global formula apportionment is needed if the corporate income tax is to be preserved, and only a combination of automatic information sharing among governments and source withholding can stamp out evasion. As in most areas of international economic policy, U.S. leadership is essential.

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Sherman, H. Arnold. "Madeira - The unknown tax haven." Intertax 17, Issue 12 (December 1, 1989): 530–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi1989100.

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Knobel, Andres. "The Next Rising Tax Haven." World Policy Journal 32, no. 1 (2015): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0740277515578623.

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Jones, Chris, and Yama Temouri. "What Determines Tax Haven FDI." Academy of Management Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (January 2014): 15579. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.45.

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Yang, Cheol-Won, and Hong-Jong Cho. "The Impact of the Foreign Financial Accounts Reporting Acts on the Capital Flows from Tax Havens." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 26, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 465–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-04-2018-b0003.

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The Foreign Financial Accounts Reporting was introduced for the purpose of preventing tax evasion and illegal acts through foreign financial accounts of Koreans. On December 27, 2010, it was newly established in “The Law for the Coordination of International Tax Affairs” and received its first report in June 2011, the following year. The system was further strengthened after three revisions. The first amendment was enforced from January 2012 after it took place on December 31, 2011. Thereafter, revisions and enforcement proceeded simultaneously in January 2013 and January 2014. This paper evaluates the performance of the system for four years from 2011 to 2014. In addition, we examined the effect of institutional implementation and changes on tax haven investors through empirical analysis using Korean stock market data. Assuming that Koreans disguised as foreigners participate in Korean stock trading through an anonymity of tax haven, this system will work to shrink the flow of capital from tax haven investors to other countries. Panel regression analysis using capital flows by country found that the transaction activity of tax havens decreased as compared to other countries after introducing and strengthening the acts.

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KURNIASIH, LULUS, YUSNIYATI YUSRI, and AHMAD FAHMI SYEKH HASSAN. "Association of Tax Haven and Corporate Tax Avoidance: Does Political Connection Matter?" International Journal of Economics and Management 16, Special Issue 1 (2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.001.

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This study specifically examines the association between tax haven and corporate tax avoidance, along with the role of political connection in the association. We use two types of corporate tax avoidance measurements to capture corporate tax avoidance as a whole and the specific profit-shifting scheme. Based on the data of Indonesian multinational companies (MNC) over the 2010–2019 period, we find that MNC with tax haven affiliation is positively associated with corporate tax avoidance. Moreover, our result indicates that political connection significantly moderates the association of tax haven affiliation and corporate tax avoidance.

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Kuschnik, Bernhard. "Fiscal Impacts of Tax Havens on Non–Haven African Countries." Intertax 36, Issue 4 (April 1, 2008): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2008021.

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Lim, Setiadi Alim, and Lilik Indrawati. "Antisipasi Peraturan Perpajakan Di Indonesia Terhadap Praktek Perpajakan Negara-Negara Tax Haven." BIP's JURNAL BISNIS PERSPEKTIF 5, no. 2 (July 31, 2013): 168–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37477/bip.v5i2.132.

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To attract investors, some countries called tax haven countries have done unfair taxation practices. The practice of taxation by the tax haven countries encourage further growth in the activity of tax avoidance and tax evasion internationally. Almost all countries in the world are harmed by the practice of taxation of tax haven countries. The OECD has limited the practices unfair taxation of tax haven countries. Each country around the world will try to anticipate intensely the activity of tax avoidance and tax evasion through international cooperation and incorporate prevention efforts in taxation regulations. This paper will try to assess whether the provision of taxation in Indonesia has been able to anticipate the activities of international tax avoidance and tax evasion.

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Ugochukwu Anuforo, Peter, Mohamed Ismail Mohamed, Iliyasu Shiyanbade Najeemdeen, Bello Taofik Abidemi, and Jenson Jonathan. "Determinants of Tax Haven: Overview of Past Studies." Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v4i2.530.

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In recent years the issue of tax haven has been subjected under rigorous scrutiny by both the policymakers and regulatory authorities, due to the extent of the effects it has on both the developed nation (beneficial country) and particularly the developing nation which are the targeted tax haven territory. This study aimed at providing insight into the main determinants of tax haven and their effects. The method employed in this study involved reviewing prior study on tax haven. Findings suggests that the main determinants of tax haven region is not only the ones enshrined in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) criteria but others such governance index, institutional weakness, substantial amount of GDP from service industries etc. This study has also revealed that the conduit by which tax haven is being perpetrated is mainly via offshore financial centers (OFCs) which involve banks secrecy, transfer pricing (i.e. the devil in disguise) etc. This study recommends that stringent control measures and penalties for tax-resistant behaviors should be put in place by the international regulators like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF).

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Agrawal, David R. "The Internet as a Tax Haven?" American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170094.

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If online transactions are tax free, increased online shopping may lower tax rates as jurisdictions seek to reduce tax avoidance; but, if online firms remit taxes, online sales may put upward pressure on tax rates because internet sales help enforce destination-based taxes. I find that higher internet penetration generally results in lower municipal tax rates but raises tax rates in some jurisdictions. The latter effect emerges in states where many online vendors remit taxes. A 1 standard deviation increase in internet penetration lowers local sales taxes in large municipalities by 0.15 percentage points, or 16 percent of the average rate. (JEL H25, H26, H71, L81, R51)

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Devi, Ni Putu Ayu Liony Krishna, and Naniek Noviari. "Pengaruh Pajak dan Pemanfaatan Tax Haven pada Transfer Pricing." E-Jurnal Akuntansi 32, no. 5 (May 28, 2022): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eja.2022.v32.i05.p05.

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Transfer pricing is the determination of prices in transactions between parties that have a special relationship. Transfer pricing carried out by the company in order to minimize the tax burden paid by the company by utilizing transactions with related parties. This study aims to examine the effect of taxes and the use of tax havens on transfer pricing. This research was conducted on mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2016-2020. Determination of the number of samples in this study using a purposive sampling technique with three criterias, namely mining sector companies listed on the IDX that publish an annual report, earn profits, and have transactions with related parties in 2016-2020. Based on these criteria, the number of samples used in this study was 15 samples of companies with 75 observational data. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that taxes have no effect on transfer pricing, while the use of tax havens has a positive effect on transfer pricing. Keywords: Tax; Tax Haven; Transfer Pricing.

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Nebus, James. "Will tax reforms alone solve the tax avoidance and tax haven problems?" Journal of International Business Policy 2, no. 3 (June 17, 2019): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s42214-019-00027-8.

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Taylor, Grantley, Grant Richardson, and Roman Lanis. "Multinationality, Tax Havens, Intangible Assets, and Transfer Pricing Aggressiveness: An Empirical Analysis." Journal of International Accounting Research 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 25–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-51019.

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ABSTRACT This study examines the individual and joint effects of multinationality, tax havens, and intangible assets on transfer pricing aggressiveness. Based on a hand-collected sample of 286 publicly listed U.S. multinational firms over the 2006–2012 period (2,002 firm-year observations), the regression results indicate that multinationality, tax haven utilization, and intangible assets are significantly positively associated with transfer pricing aggressiveness. The regression results also show that firms magnify their international transfer pricing aggressiveness through the joint effects of intangible assets, multinationality, and tax havens. Overall, the empirical findings demonstrate that the utilization of tax havens and the level of intangible assets are economically important factors that assist firms in obtaining tax benefits through transfer pricing aggressiveness. Data Availability: All data are available from public sources identified in the paper.

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van Fossen, Anthony. "Norfolk Island and Its Tax Haven." Australian Journal of Politics and History 48, no. 2 (June 2002): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8497.00259.

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36

Jones, Chris, and Yama Temouri. "The determinants of tax haven FDI." Journal of World Business 51, no. 2 (February 2016): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.09.001.

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Desai, Mihir A., C. Fritz Foley, and James R. Hines. "The demand for tax haven operations." Journal of Public Economics 90, no. 3 (February 2006): 513–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.04.004.

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Taylor, Grantley, Grant Richardson, Ahmed Al-Hadi, and Ivan Obaydin. "The Effect of Tax Haven Utilization on the Implied Cost of Equity Capital: Evidence from U.S. Multinational Firms." Journal of International Accounting Research 17, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 41–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-52105.

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ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of tax haven utilization on the implied cost of equity capital (ICOE) based on a sample of publicly listed U.S. multinational firms over the 2006–2014 period. Our regression results show that tax haven utilization is significantly positively associated with the ICOE. In terms of economic significance, we find that, on average, a one-standard deviation increase in tax haven utilization leads to an increase in the ICOE for our sample firms by approximately 0.30 percent or 30 basis points. We also observe that our regression results are robust to a number of endogeneity checks. In additional analysis, we find that high agency costs are likely to magnify the positive association between tax haven utilization and the ICOE, while high independent director monitoring could moderate this association. Overall, this study provides unique insights into the effect of tax haven utilization on the ICOE.

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Makni, Yosra Fourati, Anis Maaloul, and Rabeb Dabbebi. "The determinants of tax-haven use: evidence from Canada." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 21, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 142–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-01-2019-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of tax-haven use of publicly listed Canadian firms. Design/methodology/approach Based on alternative measures of tax havens (TH) and referring to a sample of 235 Canadian firms over the period of 2014–2015, probit-regression analyses are used to examine the determinants of tax-haven use. Findings The authors provide evidence that multinationality, intangible assets, thin capitalization, withholding taxes, equity-based management remuneration and tax fees paid to auditing firms are positively associated with TH use. Furthermore, the authors show that the variable relating to R&D intensity is positively associated with TH use. The authors also document that strong corporate-governance structures are negatively associated with TH use. Research limitations/implications This study is only limited to Canadian firms, so the results may not be generalizable to other countries. Practical implications The results may assist tax watchdogs in their efforts to understand the tax behavior held by Canadian firms. They may also be interesting for tax authorities in planning enforcement activities. Originality/value This study uses a sample from publicly listed financial and non-financial firms. It also uses various lists of TH published by various competent sources (IMF, 2000, 2007; TJN, 2005; OECD, 2012). The findings corroborate the recent media attention about the extensive use of TH by Canadian firms.

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Ištok, Michal, and Mária Kanderová. "DEBT/ASSET RATIO AS EVIDENCE OF PROFIT-SHIFTING BEHAVIOUR IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 25, no. 6 (October 17, 2019): 1293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2019.11338.

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Companies use different methods and techniques to transfer taxable profits to tax havens. The paper aims at analysing the influence of the relocation of the registered office of Slovak companies in tax havens in relation to the leverage ratio and the ratio of debt per sales and to verify the use of debt by Slovak firms in the transfer of profits. In evaluating these indicators, we chose two approaches. We first analysed the change of indicators only for those firms that transferred their seat to lower tax jurisdiction. The analysis is complemented by a different view, when the selected indicators are compared to a group of businesses with a link to tax havens and with no link to tax havens. Our empirical results clearly indicate the tendency that firms in Slovakia benefit from the possibility of transferring profits to lower tax jurisdictions via debt channels. The median values of debt ratio after the transfer of the registered office to tax havens increased by 7.8%. The median value of the tracking indicator is 1.2 times higher for firms with tax haven links than for companies without links to tax havens.

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Rini, I. Gusti Ayu Intan Saputra, Mellisa Dipa, and Cokorda Krisna Yudha. "Effects of Transfer Pricing, Tax Haven, and Thin Capitalization on Tax Avoidance." Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis JAGADITHA 9, no. 2 (November 22, 2022): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jj.9.2.2022.193-198.

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Tax avoidance can be defined as an effort made by taxpayers to ease their tax burden without violating tax rules. Tax avoidance is a complicated and distinctive problem because it does not violate existing rules and regulations, however, on the other hand, the government does not want the existence of tax avoidance because it can cause a lack of state revenue. The purpose of this study is to examine and obtain empirical evidence of the effect of transfer pricing, tax havens, and thin capitalization on tax avoidance. This study was conducted on basic and chemical industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2020 period. The sample was determined using a non-probability sampling method through a purposive sampling technique, and 13 samples of companies that meeting the criteria were obtained. In addition, this study uses secondary data in the form of company annual financial statements and reports. Data were analysed using a multiple linear regression analysis technique. The results showed that transfer pricing has a negative effect on ETR as a proxy for tax avoidance; tax haven has a positive effect on ETR; while thin capitalization has no effect on ETR.

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Nugroho, Adi, and Trisni Suryarini. "Determinant of Thin Capitalization in Multinational Companies in Indonesia." Journal of Accounting and Strategic Finance 1, no. 02 (November 15, 2018): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jasf.v1i02.27.

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Thin capitalization is an action of tax avoidance by having total debt more than total capital and that debt obtained from the same group of companies. This research aims to obtain the empirical evidence regarding the influence of multinationalism, tax haven utilization, tax uncertainty, firm size, and audit committee size against thin capitalization. The population in this research is multinational companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the year of 2014-2016. The sampling technique was purposive sampling and got an analysis unit of 40 companies. Ordinal Least Square (OLS) with SPSS is used as the analytical technique. The results show that multinationalism, tax haven utilization, tax uncertainty, and firm size have a significant positive effect on thin capitalization. The results also prove that the size of audit committees has a significantly negative effect on thin capitalization. This research concludes that thin capitalization is influenced by multinationalism, tax haven utilization, tax uncertainty, firm size, and audit committee size. Suggestions related to this research are for further research to ensure the measurement of tax uncertainty more objectively and to extend sampling time. Keywords: thin capitalization, multinationalism, tax haven, tax uncertainty

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Hines, James R. "Treasure Islands." Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.4.103.

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In movies and novels, tax havens are often settings for shady international deals; in practice, they are rather less flashy. Tax havens, also known as “offshore financial centers” or “international financial centers,” are countries and territories that offer low tax rates and favorable regulatory policies to foreign investors. For example, tax havens typically tax inbound investment at zero or very low rates and further encourage investment with telecommunications and transportation facilities, other business infrastructure, favorable legal environments, and limited bureaucratic hurdles to starting new firms. Tax havens are small; most are islands; all but a few have populations below one million; and they have above-average incomes. The United States and other higher-tax countries frequently express concerns over how tax havens may affect their economies. Do they erode domestic tax collections; attract economic activity away from higher-tax countries; facilitate criminal activities; or reduce the transparency of financial accounts and so impede the smooth operation and regulation of legal and financial systems around the world. Do they contribute to excessive international tax competition? These concerns are plausible, albeit often founded on anecdotal rather than systematic evidence. Yet tax haven policies may also benefit other economies and even facilitate the effective operation of the tax systems of other countries. This paper evaluates evidence of the economic effects of tax havens.

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Pramesthi, Rr Dyah Fadliela, Eny Suprapti, and Eris Tri Kurniawati. "INCOME SHIFTING DAN PEMANFAATAN NEGARA TAX HAVEN." Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan 9, no. 3 (December 26, 2019): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v9i3.8866.

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The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of income shifting strategy to tax haven country utilization. The dependent variable is tax haven country utilization and the independent variable was income shifting strategy proxied by multinational, transfer pricing, thin capitalization, and intangible asset. The samples are 32 manufacturer basic and chemical industry sector companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from, 2015-2017. The analysis method is data panel regression by using Eviews 7. The result of this research shows that income shifting which is proxied by multinational and transfer pricing have positive influence to tax haven country utilization but income shifting strategy which are proxied by thin capitalization and intangible asset have no significant influence to tax haven country utilization.

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Ayuningtyas, Fitria, and Adhitya Putri Pratiwi. "PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN MULTINASIONAL BERDASARKAN MULTINASIONALISM, PEMANFAATAN TAX HAVEN DAN THIN CAPITALIZATION." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Akuntansi 7, no. 2 (September 22, 2022): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jimeka.v7i2.20954.

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This study aims to analyze tax avoidance decision making in multinational companies based on multinationalism, the use of Tax Havens and Thin Capitalization. This study uses quantitative methods and uses secondary data from multinational companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2016-2020. The sample used in this study used purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 32 companies. The data analysis method in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis with the statistical program Eviews 10. The results of this study prove that: Multinationality has a significant effect on tax avoidance, Tax Haven has a significant effect on tax avoidance, and Thin Capitalization doesn’t have significant effect on tax avoidance.

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Eunmee Lee. "International Countermeasure against Tax Haven and Tax Information Exchange Agreement." Journal of IFA, Korea 26, no. 2 (August 2010): 309–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17324/ifakjl.26.2.201008.009.

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Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati, and Hendyga Fuadillah. "The Influence of Income Shifting Incentives towards The Tax Haven Country Utilization: Case Study on the Companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan 20, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jak.20.1.27-38.

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This study aims to determine the association between a series of income shifting incentives, including multinationality, transfer pricing aggressiveness, thin capitalization, intangible assets, and tax haven country utilization. This study is based on a sample of 78 multinational companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over 2012–2016 period (390 firm-year). The results prove that, multinationality, thin capitalization, intangible asset are positively associated with tax haven utilization, while transfer pricing aggressiveness is not positively associated with tax haven utilization. Based on the additional analysis, basic and chemicals sectors have the highest association between a series of income shifting incentives and tax haven utilization among other industrial sectors and each industry sector has different ways of utilizing tax haven country. The findings of this study are expected to provide input to the Directorate General of Taxes the importance of reviewing debt to equity ratio rule which turned out to be one gap for the taxpayer and in making the proposed inspection plan and the potential thematic exploration related to profit shifting incentives more focused on basic industry and chemicals sector. The Directorate General of Taxes also needs to raise awareness of the taxpayers of agriculture, mining, basic and chemicals, and trade, service and investment, which has a growing number of subsidiaries in tax haven country. Increased supervision of intangible assets transfers in the agriculture and infrastructure, utilities & transportation sectors also needs to be done.

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Syahputri, Alika, and Nurul Aisyah Rachmawati. "Pengaruh Tax Haven dan Debt Covenant Terhadap Keputusan Perusahaan Melakukan Transfer Pricing Dengan Kepemilikan Institusional Sebagai Variabel Moderasi." JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING 5, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jama.v5i1.2864.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh tax haven dan debt covenant terhadap keputusan perusahaan melakukan transfer pricing. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan variabel kepemilikan institusional sebagai variabel yang memoderasi pengaruh tax haven dan debt covenant terhadap keputusan perusahaan melakukan transfer pricing. Penelitian ini mengguanakan jenis data sekunder dari seluruh perusahaan yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) kecuali perusahaan yang terdapat pada sektor keuangan dan jasa konstruksi. Sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 304 sampel, terdiri dari 152 perusahaan dengan menggunakan periode dua tahun yaitu 2018 – 2019. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam mengolah data menggunakan analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tax haven tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap transfer pricing, sementara debt covenant berpengaruh signifikan terhadap transfer pricing. kepemilikan institusional tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh tax haven terhadap transfer pricing dan kepemilikan institusional tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh debt covenant terhadap transfer pricing.

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Yeo, Heejung. "Factors Affecting the MNEs' Tax Haven Subsidiaries." Korea Association for International Commerce and Information 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 195–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.2022.24.1.195.

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정재현 and Jisun Chung. "Analysis on precedents to prevent offshore tax evasion via tax haven." Journal of IFA, Korea 30, no. 1 (February 2014): 179–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.17324/ifakjl.30.1.201402.005.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tax Haven'

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