Journal articles: 'Taxable income'

1

Kim, Joonhyun. "Volatilities of Book Income and Taxable Income and Their Risk Relevance." Social Sciences 7, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7110212.

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This study investigates the volatility of book income and taxable income, and their relevance to stock returns variability. Book income is recognized under the financial accounting principle whereas taxable income is determined on the basis of legal right. Thus, the two types of earnings can provide different sets of information to investors. Particularly related to the role of earnings as a risk measure, this study shows that book income is more volatile than taxable income, which indicates that taxable income is relatively more consistent and predictable. Further, the volatility of book income is strongly positively related to stock return variability while the taxable income volatility is insignificantly associated with the stock returns volatility. Additional analysis shows that the earnings volatility is more closely linked to the systematic risk of stock prices than the idiosyncratic risk. In conclusion, this study suggests that book income and taxable income is mutually different in terms of earnings variability and its relevance to firm risk. The findings also indicate that those two sets of earnings information are complementary to each other and provides investors with useful information to assess underlying firm risk.

2

Omer, Thomas C., and Robert J. Yetman. "Near Zero Taxable Income Reporting by Nonprofit Organizations." Journal of the American Taxation Association 25, no. 2 (September 1, 2003): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2003.25.2.19.

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In this paper, we provide evidence consistent with nonprofit organizations managing their taxable income to near zero by examining the cross-sectional distribution of taxable income as reported on IRS form 990-T. We find an unusually large number of nonprofits that report taxable income profitability in the range of [–0.01, 0.01). Further analysis finds that various frictions and restrictions impede nonprofits from reporting near zero taxable income. We find that the likelihood that a nonprofit reports near zero taxable income is decreasing in size and when the taxable activity has a tax-exempt counterpart. We also find that charitable nonprofits are less likely to report near zero taxable income than are hospitals. Finally, we find that the use of a paid CPA preparer is associated with a higher probability of reporting near zero taxable income.

3

Mayberry, Michael A., Sean T. McGuire, and Thomas C. Omer. "Smoothness and the Value Relevance of Taxable Income." Journal of the American Taxation Association 37, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 141–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/atax-51252.

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ABSTRACT This study investigates whether the smoothness of estimated taxable income influences its value relevance. Contrary to research that finds that smoothness enhances the value relevance of book income, we find that smoothness reduces the value relevance of taxable income. We decompose the smoothness of taxable income into its innate and discretionary components and find that innate smoothness is not associated with the value relevance of taxable income. However, we find that discretionary smoothness is associated with a reduction in taxable income's value relevance, suggesting that discretionary smoothness either eliminates or reduces the information contained in taxable income. In additional analysis, we find that discretionary smoothness is also associated with higher levels of future tax avoidance, consistent with managers smoothing taxable income as part of their tax avoidance strategy. In combination, our results suggest that the reduced value relevance of estimated taxable income is a byproduct of managers' tax-planning strategy. JEL Classifications: G32; H25; H32; M41.

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Dhaliwal, Dan S., Hye Seung (Grace) Lee, Morton Pincus, and Logan B. Steele. "Taxable Income and Firm Risk." Journal of the American Taxation Association 39, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/atax-51610.

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ABSTRACT We examine whether estimated taxable income provides incremental information about firms' operating risk. We develop taxable income-based measures that should be useful in assessing risk in a simple earnings predictability model. In our empirical tests these taxable income-based measures explain cross-sectional variation in the predictability and variability of future pre-tax financial performance. Further, these measures are associated with predictable variation in market-based measures of firm risk. Our findings shed light on how accounting information—specifically, book income and tax income—impacts investors' assessment of firm risk as well as improving our understanding of the extent and nature of information contained in estimated taxable income.

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Nugraha, Nur Arif. "THE ADJUSTMENT OF NON-TAXABLE INCOME IN INDONESIA: ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FEASIBILITY." JURNAL PAJAK INDONESIA (Indonesian Tax Review) 1, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jpi.v1i2.173.

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ABSTRAK Indonesian government has an extensive experience in the adjustment of non-taxable income. Indonesian government decision to adjust non-taxable income has several impacts for Indonesian citizen. The adjustment is to increase an amount of non-taxable income. The most current policy of non-taxable income adjustment is effective from 1 January 2016. Therefore, there are some positive impacts and negative impacts. In one hand, an increase of non-taxable income has an impact to increase the purchasing power of people. On the other hand, this policy has an effect on income tax revenue for the country. This paper will focus on an increase of non-taxable income from the economic feasibility point of view. The first part will explain the policy problem within the implementation. The second part will elaborate an increase of non-taxable income from the economic feasibility point of view. The final part will give a recommendation for Indonesian government about the policy implementation.

6

Seo Gab Soo. "Information Content of Taxable Income." Korea International Accounting Review ll, no. 47 (February 2013): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21073/kiar.2013..47.006.

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Jonrisman Sinaga and Machfud Sidik. "Analysis of Increase in Non-Taxable Income (NTI) in relation with Implementation of Equality Principles and Taxation Base Principles." Ilomata International Journal of Tax and Accounting 1, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52728/ijtc.v1i1.39.

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This research discussed an increase of non-taxable income that expected to be able to step-up the purchasing power, especially in consumption. Increase on non-taxable income which applies has not reflected the equality principle in taxation like what people feel, where non-taxable income has not touched the sense of equality. It becomes a dilemma to the government for expanding the taxation base by increasing non-taxation income. Increase in non-taxable income can reduce the taxation base. Practice in Simplicity or Easy of Tax Administration concept make the application on equality principle in taxation is not maximal, because non-taxation income equalizes all taxpayers’ —rich nor poor, sick nor health, and citizens who are on education. Implementation of this concept is inseparable from taxpayer database condition which based on Identity Number that has not beneficial. Increase of non-taxable income also decreases the Tax Revenue Article 21 where the revenue decreased by 4.65% in 2016. Increase in non-taxable income is expected to boost the purchasing power of citizen, hence demand on goods and service will increase. With the increase of demand, production to absorb the employment that becomes the object of Non-Taxable Income Article 21.

8

Geisler, Gregory G., and Sally Wallace. "The Use of Compensation for Tax Avoidance by Owners of Small Corporations." Journal of the American Taxation Association 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2005.27.1.73.

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This study provides empirical evidence on the extent to which taxes influence owners' compensation in small (fewer than 500 employees) Subchapter Selecting corporations (S corporations), taxable corporations that provide professional services (PSC corporations), and other taxable corporations (C corporations). Paying additional compensation to owner-employees likely increases the total after-tax income for PSC corporations with positive taxable income. Paying additional compensation to owner-employees is, however, less likely to increase the total after-tax income for C corporations and does not increase the total after-tax income for S corporations. Using data from the corporate tax returns of 503 small corporations, this study examines the marginal change in owners' compensation as taxable income changes. The study finds that, per dollar of taxable income, PSC corporations increase compensation to owneremployees significantly more than C corporations.

9

Chen, Linda H., Dan S. Dhaliwal, and Mark A. Trombley. "Consistency of Book-Tax Differences and the Information Content of Earnings." Journal of the American Taxation Association 34, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/atax-50174.

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ABSTRACT This paper examines the effect of tax planning and earnings management on the informativeness of book income and taxable income. We conduct two sets of tests documenting (1) the incremental effect of tax planning and earnings management on the informativeness of book and taxable income, and (2) the relation between the consistency of the book-tax difference and the informativeness of book and taxable income. The consistency of the book-tax difference depends on firm decisions regarding incremental earnings management and tax planning. Consistency of the book-tax difference is measured as the standard deviation of the discretionary component of the difference between book income and taxable income. Our results show that consistency of the book-tax difference, as a measure of the joint effect of earnings management and tax planning, is related to persistence of both book and tax income and has an incremental effect on information content of both book income and taxable income. JEL Classifications: G12; G32; H24; H25.

10

Im, Young－Je. "Market Response to Accounting Income and Taxable Income." Korean Journal of Taxation Research 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35850/kjtr.36.3.05.

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Hamedian, Hamed, Azar Rahdarian, and Mohsen Kavyani. "Taxable income management and information content of income." International Journal of Information Quality 4, no. 2 (2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijiq.2016.083108.

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Rahdarian, Azar, Mohsen Kavyani, and Hamed Hamedian. "Taxable income management and information content of income." International Journal of Information Quality 4, no. 2 (2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijiq.2016.10004042.

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Creedy, John, Norman Gemmell, and Josh Teng. "Income effects and the elasticity of taxable income." New Zealand Economic Papers 52, no. 2 (February 25, 2017): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2017.1293140.

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Malia, Evi, and Qoyyimah ,. "ANALISIS KENAIKAN PTKP SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DAN PENERIMAAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN DI KPP PRATAMA PAMEKASAN." PERFORMANCE " Jurnal Bisnis & Akuntansi" 6, no. 2 (October 19, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/feb.v6i2.269.

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This research aims to determine whether the increase in taxable income were able to increase tax revenues and tax growth in KPP Pratama Pamekasan. By using quantitative descriptive method, through data collection documentation and interviews obtained by the results of research that changes in taxable income in 2013 (PTKP increased) is not able to increase the acceptance of personal income tax, while in 2014 to 2015 (PTKP fixed) able to increase tax revenues in KPP Pratama Pamekasan. This happens when a growing number of employees / workers who have income above taxable income, the increase in taxable income increasingly not lead to a reduction of the income PPh 21 in KPP pratama Pamekasan, but it also salary increases with the increase in UMK (District Minimum Wage), due to increased salaries and increase in UMK that happens nearly every year, while the increase in taxable income only occurs every few years.As for the required growth is the increase in taxable income Personal Income able to increase the growth of individual taxpayer on KPP Pratama Pamekasan, because the growth of the taxpayer beginning in 2011-2015 are likely to continue to rise although not so significant .taxpayers growth who register on KPP Pratama Pamekasan caused by people who want to get the benefit of having a NPWP. Key Word: PTKP, Personal Growth taxpayer, the individual taxpayer Revenue, Income PPh 21

15

Choi, Won-Wook, and Hyun-Ah Lee. "Management Of Accrual Components In Response To Corporate Income Tax Rate Changes: Evidence From Korea." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 29, no. 5 (August 28, 2013): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v29i5.8024.

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Changes in the statutory corporate income tax rate provide firms with an opportunity to reduce their tax burden by shifting their taxable income from higher to lower tax rate years. One negative consequence of shifting taxable income across years is higher variation in book income for financial reporting purposes. Taxable income and book income are closely related in most countries, and, in general, reporting volatile book income across years is not a favorable signal to investors. This study investigates how firms shift taxable income and concurrently mitigate book income fluctuation by managing accrual components separately when the statutory income tax rate changes. Unlike prior studies, we decompose discretionary accruals into two components and examine distinctive patterns of accrual management in Korea, where book-tax conformity is high and aggressive tax avoidance is restricted. We find that firms manage book-tax accruals for taxable income shifting and manage book-only accruals to mitigate book income fluctuation. Furthermore, we find the extent of book-tax and book-only accruals management varies depending on the firms tax and financial reporting costs. The results of this study provide clear and compelling evidence of firms opportunistic accrual management behavior in response to statutory tax rate reduction.

16

Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen, and Esben Anton Schultz. "Estimating Taxable Income Responses Using Danish Tax Reforms." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2014): 271–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.6.4.271.

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This paper estimates taxable income responses using a series of Danish tax reforms and population-wide administrative data since 1980. The tax variation and data in Denmark makes it possible to overcome the biases from nontax changes in inequality and mean reversion that plague the existing literature. We provide compelling graphical evidence of taxable income responses, arguably representing the first nonparametrically identified evidence of taxable income elasticities using tax reforms. We also present panel regression evidence that is extremely robust to specification, unlike previous results which have been very sensitive. (JEL D31, H24, H31, J22)

17

Chetty, Raj. "Is the Taxable Income Elasticity Sufficient to Calculate Deadweight Loss? The Implications of Evasion and Avoidance." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.1.2.31.

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Martin Feldstein's (1999) widely used taxable income formula for deadweight loss assumes the marginal social cost of evasion and avoidance equals the tax rate. This condition is likely to be violated in practice for two reasons. First, some of the costs of evasion and avoidance are transfers to other agents. Second, some individuals overestimate the costs of evasion and avoidance. In such situations, excess burden depends on a weighted average of the taxable income and total earned income elasticities, with the weight determined by the resource cost of sheltering income from taxation. This generalized formula implies the efficiency cost of taxing high income individuals is not necessarily large despite evidence that their reported incomes are highly sensitive to marginal tax rates. (JEL H21, H24, H26)

18

Martikainen, Pekka, Tapani Valkonen, and Heta Moustgaard. "The effects of individual taxable income, household taxable income, and household disposable income on mortality in Finland, 1998–2004." Population Studies 63, no. 2 (July 2009): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324720902938416.

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Ryu, Haeyoung, and Soo-Joon Chae. "The Effect Of Book-Tax Conformity On The Use Of Accruals: Evidence From Korea." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 3 (April 24, 2014): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i3.8560.

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<p>This study in the Korean context investigates the effect of book-tax conformity on the use of accruals. In a sample of 4,331 Korean firms, we divide total accruals into book-tax accruals and book-only accruals. Book-tax accruals are defined as those that affect both taxable income and reported earnings. Book-only accruals are defined as those that affect only reported earnings and are unrelated to taxable income. We anticipate that managers will decrease taxable income by recording book-tax accruals that conform relatively closely to taxable income in order to reduce their tax liability. They are expected to attempt to increase book income through book-only accruals. We also examine the market response to firms that use these two types of accruals in different ways. Our evidence demonstrates increased use of income-decreasing book-tax accruals to decrease taxable income and increased use of book-only accruals to increase financial income. Use of book-only accruals also compensates for potential costs unrelated to tax, such as financial reporting costs. In addition, our results show that the market correctly assesses the management of accruals even when the uses of book-tax and book-only accruals offset each other.</p>

20

Klemm, Alexander, Li Liu, Victor Mylonas, and Philippe Wingender. "Are Elasticities of Taxable Income Rising?" IMF Working Papers 18, no. 132 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484361566.001.

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Slemrod, Joel, and Wojciech Kopczuk. "The optimal elasticity of taxable income." Journal of Public Economics 84, no. 1 (April 2002): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2727(01)00095-0.

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22

Burns, Sarah K., and James P. Ziliak. "Identifying the Elasticity of Taxable Income." Economic Journal 127, no. 600 (March 26, 2016): 297–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12299.

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Tanchev, S. "Determinants of the Proportional Income Tax Revenue: A Comparative Assessment of Russia and Bulgaria." Journal of Tax Reform 8, no. 1 (2022): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2022.8.1.108.

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Initially flat-rate income taxes only existed in tax havens, but presently, 26 countries have adopted the proportional tax as a fiscal instrument to increase budget revenues and accelerate economic growth. This article empirically examines the determinants affecting the revenues from a proportional income tax with non-taxable minimum (negative flat tax) used in Russia and a proportional income tax without non-taxable minimum (pure flat tax) used in Bulgaria. The research objective is to estimate the impact of the macroeconomic variables such as gross disposable income, employment, gross capital formation and government expenditures on the revenue from the proportional income tax in Russia and Bulgaria. The study employs an ordinary least square (OLS) method and quarterly seasonally adjusted data for the period 2008–2020. For Russia, quarterly seasonally adjusted data for the period from March 2008 till December 2020 were used, including 52 observations. For Bulgaria, quarterly seasonally adjusted data for the period from March 2008 till March 2020 were used, including 49 observations. Basing on the results, it may be inferred that the increase of the gross disposable income and higher marginal tax rate of the proportional tax with a non-taxable minimum collect more nominal revenue in the budget, as Russia’s example showed. The increase of the employment related with a lower marginal tax rate of the proportional income tax without a non-taxable minimum collect less nominal revenue as Bulgaria’s example shows. A standpoint of the revenue in the budget the proportional income tax with non-taxable minimum is more effective than proportional income tax without non-taxable minimum.

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Eyo Bassey, Bassey, and Eme J. Efiong. "Determinants of Taxable Capacity in Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 4, no. 6 (2018): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.46.1005.

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This study is centered on the determinants of taxable capacity in Nigeria, with taxable capacity viewed as the ability of the taxed person to bear the burden of the tax in relation to their source of income without experiencing a reduction in standard of living, or margin of profit and investment in the case of firms. The study employed desk survey research design, and data obtained from secondary sources and analysis conducted using the ordinary least square technique. The results from the regression analysis and the test of hypotheses revealed that the relationship between inflation and taxable capacity in Nigeria was negative and statistically insignificant. Also, the results showed that both the degree of economic openness and the level of economic development positively and significantly affected taxable capacity in Nigeria. The study recommended that the Nigerian government should create an enabling environment that will facilitate international trade and provide the necessary facilities for the efficient and effective administration of taxes on the income generated from the global market as these will go a long way in providing revenue for the government.

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Boylan, Scott J. "Prior Audits and Taxpayer Compliance: Experimental Evidence on the Effect of Earned Versus Endowed Income." Journal of the American Taxation Association 32, no. 2 (September 1, 2010): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2010.32.2.73.

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ABSTRACT: This paper provides evidence from a laboratory experiment designed to investigate the effect of prior audits on taxpayer compliance. The experiment provides evidence that when taxable income requires comparatively little time and effort to generate (endowed income), taxpayer compliance increases following an audit. In contrast, when taxable income requires comparatively large amounts of time and effort to generate (earned income), compliance decreases following an audit. The results from this study suggest that taxpayer compliance is influenced by whether one has been audited in the past, but that the specific effect of prior audits depends on the amount of time and effort required to generate one’s income. This information should be of interest to policy makers who are concerned about improving taxpayer compliance. In addition, these results add to the body of evidence indicating that taxpayer decisions appear to be influenced by whether taxable income is earned or endowed. Finally, the results suggest that mixed findings documented in prior research on the role of prior audits can be attributed in part to systematic differences in whether taxable income was earned or endowed.

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Rahmat, Abdul, and Johansyah Zaini. "Analisis Penerapan Perencanaan Pajak (Tax Planning) dalam Upaya Penghematan Beban Pajak Penghasilan Badan pada PT DCM Tahun 2017." Jurnal Pajak Vokasi (JUPASI) 1, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/jupasi.v1i2.818.

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This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the zakat policy as a reduction of taxable income of individual taxpayers at the LAZISMU office in Central Jakarta in 2018, and also to analyze the inhibiting entities faced, as well as the driving entities for LAZSIMU office in implementing the zakat policy as a reduction of taxable income of individual taxpayers. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The results showed that the implementation of the zakat policy as a reduction of taxable income of individual taxpayers at the LAZISMU office in Central Jakarta in 2018 according to the six factors used by the writer, policy size and objectives, resources, communication between organizations, character of implementing agents, disposition (tendencies/attitudes) of implementers, social, economic and political environments have been fulfilled. However, there are still some obstacles faced by LAZISMU in implementing the zakat policy as a reduction of taxable income, such as size and policy objectives, social and political environmental conditions, and support and participation of taxpayers in supporting this policy. Therefore the government must evaluate and overcome the obstacles in the implementation of the zakat policy as a reduction of taxable income.

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Plakhtii, Tetiana, Lidiia Fedoryshyna, and Olena Tomchuk. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMPONENT OF PREFERENTIAL TAXATION OF INDIVIDUAL INCOME." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-171-175.

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The purpose of the article is to study the socio-economic component of the preferential taxation of individuals. It is shown that the Tax Social Benefit is the ability of the taxpayer to reduce the calculated total monthly taxable income in the form of wages. Methodology. The object of taxation is determined according to the status of the payer. So, for a resident – is: the total monthly (annual) taxable income; income from the source of their origin, which are finally taxed when they are charged (payment, provision), and foreign incomes – income (profit) received from sources outside. The object of taxation of a non-resident is: the total monthly (annual) taxable income from the source of its origin and income from the source of their origin in Ukraine, which are finally taxed during their calculation (payment, provision). Results. The basis of taxation is the total taxable income – any taxable income accrued (paid, provided) in favour of the taxpayer during the reporting tax period. Imagine the structure of the aggregate resources of households, which in the overwhelming majority are subject to tax. Individual Income Tax is fiscally significant for budgets of all levels, since after the distribution through the budget system the lion’s share remains at the disposal of local budgets Practical implications. Although Ukraine is a market economy country, in our opinion, observance of these recommendations will have only a positive effect both on activating the regulatory function of the Individual Income Tax and on the level of income differentiation of the population as a result. Value/ originality. In view of a large number of studies of domestic scientists on this issue, it is necessary to systematize tax deductions from Individual Income Tax in accordance with the concept of tax expenditures, taking into account the specifics of tax legislation. The established indicators for the tax social benefit are calculated according to the following algorithm: the maximum amount for the application of the tax social benefit: the subsistence minimum for an able-bodied person on January 1 of the reporting tax year, multiplied by 1.4 and rounded to the nearest 10 hryvnias. The size of the tax social benefit is equal to 50% of the subsistence minimum for an able-bodied person (per month), established by law on January 1 of the reporting tax year.

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Susanti, Nurul, and Andi. "Pengaruh Kenaikan Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak (PTKP) Dan Jumlah Wajib Pajak Efektif Terhadap Penerimaan PPh Pasal 21." JRB-Jurnal Riset Bisnis 2, no. 1 (May 18, 2019): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35592/jrb.v2i1.255.

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This research aims to determine the need for non-taxable income rate to be rised including the number of effective tax-payers on income tax as referred to the Article 21 of the Law No 36 of 2008 has the potential to increase. This study is conducted in KPP Pratama Serang using local population as taxpayers which accept Income Tax (PPh) based on Article 21 or using saturated sample or all population paying income tax (PPh) as respondents in KPP Pratama Serang while taking the period 2014-2016. The method used in this research is fieldwork by visiting the city of Serang as the Capital city of Banten Province to conduct a survey on local population as tax-payers including those working people with non-taxable income status. The results of this study reveal that the number of non-taxable income (PTKP) has a significant effect on the income tax revenue based on the article 21. Additionally, there is a negative beta value, which indicates that the higher rate of non-taxable income adds to an increase in the income tax of Article 21. As noted, the number of effective tax-payers significantly influence the income tax revenue of article 21 and have a positive beta value as well, indicating that the more effective tax-payers have the effect of increasing income tax revenue of the article 21 to come true.

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Piketty, Thomas, Emmanuel Saez, and Gabriel Zucman. "Simplified Distributional National Accounts." AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 1, 2019): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191035.

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This paper develops a simplified methodology to distribute total national income across income groups that reproduces closely the sophisticated methodology of Piketty, Saez, and Zucman (2018). It starts from top income share series based on fiscal income of Piketty and Saez (2003) and makes two basic assumptions on how national income components not included in fiscal income are distributed: (1) nontaxable labor income and capital income from pension funds are distributed like taxable labor income; (2) other nontaxable capital income is distributed like taxable capital income. This methodology could be applied to countries with less data.

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HM, Syahrul, and Abdul Rahim. "Analisis Pengaruh Perubahan Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak Terhadap Realisasi Penerimaan Pajak di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Watampone." Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Tsarwah 1, no. 2 (July 20, 2019): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30863/al-tsarwah.v1i2.343.

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This research discusses the taxation problem in Kab. Bone, namely the problem of Non-Taxable Income (PTKP). The non-taxable income is the income limit is determined by the Ministry of Finance that has been approved by the People's Representative Council. PTKP is responsible for the number of people who are not taxable as a result of reduced income tax services, so this research will be carried out using Quantitative methods using an elasticity analysis tool to measure the sensitivity of its effect. The results of the study show that the Non-Taxable Income (PTKP), which is related to tax receipts from the Office of tax revenue, considering the data obtained from the pratama Watampone has shown that the proceeds at the time of tax (PPh 21), will ask in terms of community welfare, this is good news that the increase in PTKP gives the participation of small people not titled to tax. And it turns out the results of the analysis say that the PTKP is not too significant.

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Ngadiman, Ngadiman, and Felicia Felicia. "PENGARUH EKSTENSIFIKASI PAJAK, INTENSIFIKASI PAJAK, KENAIKAN PTKP, DAN TAX HOLIDAY TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI DI JAKARTA BARAT." Jurnal Akuntansi 21, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ja.v21i1.138.

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The purpose of research is to determine the influence of tax extensification, tax intensification, non-taxable income increases, and tax holiday to individual tax income. This research was conducted to 100 individual taxpayers respondents in Jakarta Barat. This research uses multiple linear regression models to test the hypothesis. The result of this research shows that tax extensification, tax intensification and non-taxable income increases have significant influence to individual tax income. While tax holiday has no significant influence to individual tax income.

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Armour, Philip, Richard V. Burkhauser, and Jeff Larrimore. "Deconstructing Income and Income Inequality Measures: A Crosswalk from Market Income to Comprehensive Income." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.173.

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Recent research on levels and trends in the United States in income inequality vary substantially in how they measure income. We show the sensitivity of alternative income measures in capturing income trends using a unified data set. Focusing solely on market income or including realized taxable capital gains based on IRS tax return data in more comprehensive household income measures will dramatically increase inequality growth compared to capital gains measures more in keeping with Haig-Simons principles. Using a measure of yearly accrued capital gains dramatically reduces observed growth in income inequality across the distribution, but also equalizes income growth since 1989.

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Lev, Baruch, and Doron Nissim. "Taxable Income, Future Earnings, and Equity Values." Accounting Review 79, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 1039–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2004.79.4.1039.

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We investigate the ability of a tax-based fundamental—the ratio of tax-to-book income—to predict earnings growth and stock returns and to explain the earnings-price ratio. This tax fundamental reflects both temporary and permanent book-tax differences as well as tax accruals, such as changes in the tax valuation allowance. We find that the tax-to-book income ratio predicts subsequent five-year earnings changes, both before and after the implementation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 109 in 1993. For the pre-SFAS No. 109 period, the tax information is unrelated to contemporaneous earnings-price ratios and strongly related to subsequent stock returns. Conversely, for the post-SFAS No. 109 period, the tax fundamental is strongly related to contemporaneous earnings-price ratios and only weakly related to subsequent stock returns, indicating improvement over time in investors' perceptions of the implications of the tax information for future earnings. Deferred taxes, a component of our tax fundamental and the focus of recent research, exhibits relatively modest ability to predict earnings or stock returns both before and after the implementation of SFAS No. 109. Finally, throughout the examined period, the taxable income information about future earnings is incremental to that in accruals and cash flows.

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Choi, Seng-Eun. "Elasticity of Taxable Income and Deadweight Loss." Health and Social Welfare Review 29, no. 2 (December 2009): 213–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2009.29.2.213.

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Kumar, Anil, and Che-Yuan Liang. "Estimating taxable income responses with elasticity heterogeneity." Journal of Public Economics 188 (August 2020): 104209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104209.

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Creedy, John, and Norman Gemmell. "Measuring Revenue-maximizing Elasticities of Taxable Income." Public Finance Review 45, no. 2 (August 3, 2016): 174–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142115589970.

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This article considers the question of whether marginal tax rates (MTRs) in the US income tax system are on the “right” side of their respective Laffer curves. Previous attention has tended to focus specifically on the top MTR. Conceptual expressions for these “revenue-maximizing elasticities of taxable income” (ETI L), based on readily observable tax parameters, are presented for each tax rate in a multi-rate income tax system. Applying these to the US income tax, with its complex effective marginal rate structure, demonstrates that a wide range of revenue-maximizing ETI values can be expected within, and across, tax brackets and for all taxpayers in aggregate. For some significant groups of taxpayers, these revenue-maximizing ETIs appear to be within the range of empirically estimated elasticities.

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Blaylock, Bradley, Bradley P. Lawson, and Michael A. Mayberry. "Taxable income, future profitability, and stock returns." Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 47, no. 7-8 (April 4, 2020): 858–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12448.

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Hopkins, Bruce R. "Association held to have taxable insurance income." Nonprofit Counsel 12, no. 8 (August 1995): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/npc.3870120802.

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Purnamawati Helen Widjaja, Alvin Singgih,. "Analisis Koreksi Fiskal Atas Laporan Keuangan Komersil PT. ABC Tahun 2018." Jurnal Paradigma Akuntansi 3, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jpa.v3i2.11707.

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The purpose of this research is to determine the Taxable Income in accordance with the provisions of taxation by making fiscal corrections to the company's commercial financial statements and knowing whether the company has made a fiscal correction correctly according to the tax regulations. Taxable income will be the basis for calculating corporate income tax. The subject of this research is PT. ABC which is located in Semarang Regency. This research used descriptive method. The object used of this research is financial statements of PT. ABC during 2018. To collect the data, researchers used observation and interview methods which directly went to the object of research and conducting interviews in order to obtain information needed for this research. The results of this research prove that PT. ABC made several mistakes in making fiscal corrections that caused the calculation of Taxable Income and his corporate income tax becomes incorrect.

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Saez, Emmanuel, Joel Slemrod, and Seth H. Giertz. "The Elasticity of Taxable Income with Respect to Marginal Tax Rates: A Critical Review." Journal of Economic Literature 50, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 3–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.50.1.3.

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This paper critically surveys the large and growing literature estimating the elasticity of taxable income with respect to marginal tax rates using tax return data. First, we provide a theoretical framework showing under what assumptions this elasticity can be used as a sufficient statistic for efficiency and optimal tax analysis. We discuss what other parameters should be estimated when the elasticity is not a sufficient statistic. Second, we discuss conceptually the key issues that arise in the empirical estimation of the elasticity of taxable income using the example of the 1993 top individual income tax rate increase in the United States to illustrate those issues. Third, we provide a critical discussion of selected empirical analyses of the elasticity of taxable income in light of the theoretical and empirical framework we laid out. Finally, we discuss avenues for future research. (JEL H24, H31, J22)

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Lasmana, Mienati Somya, and Reni Eka Isyatir Rodhiyah. "Changes of PTKP, PPh, PPN and PPnBM: its linkages on DJP East Java II." Asian Journal of Accounting Research 3, no. 2 (October 8, 2018): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajar-06-2018-0010.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to know the relevance between the changes in non-taxable income with the receipt of Income Tax Article 21, Income Tax Article 25/29, the receipt of value added tax and the receipt of luxury sales tax r (PPnBM). Design/methodology/approach Changes in non-taxable income have potentially reduced the receipt of Income Tax Article 21, Income Tax Article 25/29 of individual taxpayers, otherwise it increased value added tax and luxury sales tax receipts. This study used the descriptive qualitative approach, by conducting a simple case study based on actual data. Data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics and comparison analysis. Research conducted at the Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Pajak Jawa Timur II. Findings The results show that the changes of non-taxable income in 2013 and 2015 did not affect the receipt of Income Tax Article 21 but the growth is slowed, while the receipt of Income Tax Article 25/29 increased. Originality/value Value added tax and luxury sales tax receipts, increasing every year, slowed down in 2013, but increased higher in 2015.

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AKSENOVA, A. A. "INCREASE IN THE TAX BURDEN OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4, no. 4 (2021): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.04.04.015.

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The article deals with the increase in the tax burden of individuals due to the expansion of taxable objects and the introduction of a new increased rate on personal income tax, on incomes exceeding 5 million rubles.

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Rhoades, Shelley C. "The Impact of Multiple Component Reporting on Tax Compliance and Audit Strategies." Accounting Review 74, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.1999.74.1.63.

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Prior studies of the strategic interaction between taxpayers and the tax authority have focused on reported net taxable income and on audit policies designed to discover potential misstatement of that single item. This paper extends the literature by modeling taxpayer compliance behavior and tax authority audit strategies within the context of a multidimensional report of taxable income. Specifically, the study analyzes the impact of component reporting requirements on taxpayer incentives to misstate their tax liability. It also allows the tax authority to tailor its audit policy to consider all tax return information. In particular, the model permits the tax authority to audit return components sequentially: the investigation of a second component is conditional on the results of the first component's audit. The study finds that partitioning taxable income into a multi-component report reduces overall tax evasion and increases tax authority net revenue collections relative to a singlereport model of net taxable income. However, the impact on predicted evasion is not uniform across taxpayers. While some taxpayers reduce evasion, others with multiple opportunities to evade are more likely to do so when faced with multi-component reporting requirements.

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Soerjatno, R. "ANALISIS BATASAN PEREDARAN BRUTO USAHA ATAS PELAKSANAAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 46 TAHUN 2013." Jurnal Bisnis Terapan 1, no. 02 (January 26, 2018): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jbt.v1i02.796.

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The policy on the enactment of Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013 is based on the consideration to facilitate taxpayers in calculating the tax so that more taxpayers are expected to register as taxpayers because of the ease in calculating the tax.Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013 is applied to Taxpayers having gross turnover up to Rp.4.800.000.000,00 a year and not applicable to those who have income from free employment (doctors, notaries etc.). PP46 tariff is 1% of Gross business turnover so that any Brule Distribution will be subject to Income Tax of 1% of Gross Distribution. However, in Law No.7 of 1983 as amended by Act no.36 of 2008 in Article 17 paragraph (1) in the explanation states that Tax Payable Individual Taxpayer is Tariff Psl.17 Income Tax Law multiplied by Income Taxable Tax, while based on Article 16 paragraph (2) of Income Tax Law, Taxable Income for WP Person is Net Income minus Non Taxable Income. Based on the calculation difference, the authors conducted the study in order that the implementation of tax rules remains procedural and easy but still has a sense of justice especially for small Taxpayers .

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Larson, Melissa P., Troy K. Lewis, and Brian C. Spilker. "A Case Integrating Financial and Tax Accounting Using the Balance Sheet Approach to Account for Income Taxes." Issues in Accounting Education 32, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-51750.

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ABSTRACT This case guides students through the process of reconciling financial (book) income to its taxable income, calculating the tax provision, preparing the income tax footnote disclosure, and completing Form 1120, Schedule M-1 for a fictitious publicly traded client. In the case, students are presented with the company's financial statements, including supporting schedules, and a tax basis balance sheet. Students are asked to calculate the tax provision and construct the income tax footnote as a pre-class assignment. In class, students debrief the tax provision calculation and income tax footnote and use information contained in the income tax footnote to reconcile the company's book to taxable income. Students completing this case should be able to (1) interpret the differences between a book basis balance sheet and a tax basis balance sheet, (2) create the income tax footnote disclosure using the ASC 740 balance sheet approach to accounting for income taxes, and (3) use information in the financial statement footnote and related disclosures to determine a company's book-tax differences and reconcile its book to taxable income. This case is designed for an intermediate financial accounting or tax course but an advanced version of the case could be used in a graduate financial accounting or graduate tax course.

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오익훈 and Jae-Won Jeong. "The Value Relevance of the Difference for the Accounting Income and the Taxable Income and the Difference for the Total Comprehensive Income and the Taxable Income." Tax Accounting Research ll, no. 47 (March 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35349/tar.2016..47.001.

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Devereux, Michael P., Li Liu, and Simon Loretz. "The Elasticity of Corporate Taxable Income: New Evidence from UK Tax Records." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 6, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 19–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.6.2.19.

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We estimate the elasticity of corporate taxable income with respect to the statutory corporation tax rate using the population of UK corporation tax returns. We analyze bunching in the distribution of taxable income at kinks in the marginal rate schedule. We decompose this elasticity into an elasticity of total income with respect to the corporation tax rate, and an elasticity of the share of income taken as profit with respect to the difference between the personal and corporate tax rates. This implies a marginal deadweight cost at the £10,000 kink of around 29 percent of tax revenue. (JEL G32, H24, H25, L25)

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Muehlbacher, Stephan, Erich Kirchler, Erik Hoelzl, Julie Ashby, Chiara Berti, Jenny Job, Simon Kemp, Ursula Peterlik, Christine Roland-Lévy, and Karin Waldherr. "Hard-Earned Income and Tax Compliance." European Psychologist 13, no. 4 (January 2008): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.13.4.298.

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Is the effort invested to achieve taxable income a relevant factor for tax compliance? If the value of income increases with the effort exerted, reluctance to pay taxes should be high. On the other hand, if income is perceived as compensation for one’s endeavor, there is too much at stake to take the risk of being audited and paying a fine. Consequently, tax evasion should be more likely if income was obtained easily. These contradicting predictions were tested in a questionnaire study with samples from eight countries (Australia, Austria, England, France, Italy, New Zealand, Spain and Switzerland; N = 1,223). Results show that the effort exerted to obtain taxable income and the aspiration level matter in compliance decisions. Hard-earned money is more likely to be reported honestly to tax authorities, particularly if the aspiration level can be satisfied by honest tax reporting.

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Goni, Yuvita M. F., and Novi Swandari Budiarso. "ANALYSIS CALCULATION OF DEPRECIATION FIXED ASSETS ACCORDING TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND TAX LAWS AS WELL AS IMPACT ON TAXABLE INCOME IN PT. MASSINDO SINAR PRATAMA MANADO." ACCOUNTABILITY 7, no. 01 (June 30, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/ja.19072.7.01.2018.11-20.

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Calculation of depreciation fixed assets according to financial accounting standards using five methods: the straight-line method, declining balance method, sum of the years digit method, service hours method, and the unit of productions method. While according to taxation rules just only use two method: the straight-line method and the declining balance method. The differences in the use of depreciation methods according to financial accounting standards and tax rules will result in fiscal correction. According to the depreciation expense is deductible expense for purpose of calculating income tax. The purpose of this study was determine the application of methods of depreciation fixed assets according to financial accounting standards and tax laws as well as impact on taxable income PT. Massindo Sinar Pratama Manado. The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative analysis method. The results showed the application of the method of calculation of depreciation PT. Massindo Sinar Pratama Manado in accordance with the provisions of the tax, but an error in the calculation of depreciation that increase the value of the company taxable income. PT. Massindo Sinar Pratama Manado should be more careful and referring to the tax rules in calculating the value of depreciation due to give effect to net profit before tax (taxable income) of the company, so that it will also to give effect to income tax to be paid by the company. Keywords : depreciation, fixed assets, financial accounting standards, tax rules, taxable income

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PIROS, CHRISTOPHER D. "Taxable vs. Tax-Exempt Bonds: A Note on the Effect of Uncertain Taxable Income." Journal of Finance 42, no. 2 (June 1987): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1987.tb02576.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Taxable income'

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