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Journal articles on the topic 'Taxation, United States: District of Columbia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Prasad, Monica. "A carbon tax by any other name: Public benefit funds in the American states." PLOS Climate 2, no. 2 (2023): e0000073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000073.

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Although there is substantial opposition to carbon taxation in the United States, a form of carbon tax is already in place in many jurisdictions. Twenty-two American states plus Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia have implemented a policy called the “public benefit fund,” in which utility companies add a charge per kilowatt-hour of energy consumed to the electricity bills of individuals and firms. Public benefit funds are monetary charges for energy usage, and are in several respects similar to carbon taxes. This paper gives an overview of the introduction of public benefit funds in the

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Woods, Johnny C. "District of Columbia." Journal of Education Human Resources 42, s1 (2024): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2023-0084.

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The District of Columbia—the “District,” popularly known as Washington D.C., is a federal district, serving as the capital city and seat of the federal government of the United States (Grogg, 2013). As a federal district, Washington D.C. is not a state; its head of government is a mayor. Government and budgetary oversights are the responsibility of the 13-member legislative organ, the Council (The Council of the District of Columbia, 2016). The Office of State Superintendent, D.C. Public School (DCPS), and the D.C. Public Charter Schools (DCPCS) lead in administering P-12 and higher education

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Hahn, Micah B., Rebecca J. Eisen, Lars Eisen, et al. "Reported Distribution of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus in the United States, 1995-2016 (Diptera: Culicidae)." Journal of Medical Entomology 53, no. 5 (2016): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjw072.

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Abstract Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) transmit arboviruses that are increasing threats to human health in the Americas, particularly dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Epidemics of the associated arboviral diseases have been limited to South and Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean in the Western Hemisphere, with only minor localized outbreaks in the United States. Nevertheless, accurate and up-to-date information for the geographical ranges of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the United States is urgently needed to guide surveillance and e

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Nash, Marian. "Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law." American Journal of International Law 88, no. 2 (1994): 312–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2204103.

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By two circular notes, both dated December 22, 1993, the Secretary of State informed the Chiefs of Mission at Washington,,first, of recently enacted congressional legislation related to nonpayment of parking fines or penalties owed to the District of Columbia, and second, of a new policy with respect to payment of parking tickets, effective January 1, 1994, that the Department of State had initiated in response to congressional concerns about the problem and in cooperation with the District of Columbia.

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Leigh, Edward M. "Zedan v. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." American Journal of International Law 82, no. 4 (1988): 828–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203519.

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Plaintiff Zedan, an American citizen, brought suit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for breach of a contract guaranteeing wages and profits. While performance under the contract occurred in Saudi Arabia, plaintiff alleged that the jurisdictional requirements under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (28 U.S.C. §§1330, 1602-1611 (1982)) (FSIA) were satisfied by a recruitment call in California from a representative of the royal overseer of a private Saudi company. The district court granted the Saudi motion to dismiss.

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Krebs, John W., Tara W. Strine, Jean S. Smith, Charles E. Rupprecht, and James E. Childs. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1994." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 207, no. 12 (1995): 1562–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1995.207.12.1562.

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Summary In 1994, 48 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 8,224 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 6 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nearly 93% (7,632 cases) were wild animals, whereas 7% (592 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases decreased 13.4% from that of 1993 (9,498 cases), with most of the decline resulting from 19.2% fewer cases of rabies in raccoons. Two previously described epizootics of rabies involving the raccoon variant of the rabies virus have converged in North Carolina, and the resulti

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Krebs, John W., Jean S. Smith, Charles E. Rupprecht, and James E. Childs. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1997." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 213, no. 12 (1998): 1713–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1998.213.12.1713.

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Summary In 1997, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 8,509 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nearly 93% (7,899) were wild animals, whereas 7% (610) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases increased 19.4% from that of 1996 (7,128 cases). Increases were apparent in each of the major species groups, with the exception of cattle. The relative contributions of these groups to the total reported for 1997 were as follows: raccoons (50.5%; 4,300 cases), skunks (24.0%; 2,040), ba

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Ahmadi, Navid, and Mohsen Shahandashti. "Comparative empirical analysis of temporal relationships between construction investment and economic growth in the United States." Construction Economics and Building 17, no. 3 (2017): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v17i3.5482.

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The majority of policymakers believe that investments in construction infrastructure would boost the economy of the United States (U.S.). They also assume that construction investment in infrastructure has similar impact on the economies of different U.S. states. In contrast, there have been studies showing the negative impact of construction activities on the economy. However, there has not been any research attempt to empirically test the temporal relationships between construction investment and economic growth in the U.S. states, to determine the longitudinal impact of construction investm

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Clarizio, Lynda M. "United States v. Yunis." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 1 (1989): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202796.

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Defendant Fawaz Yunis, a Lebanese resident and citizen, was charged for his alleged involvement in the 1985 hijacking of a Jordanian civil aircraft in the Middle East. Defendant moved to dismiss the indictment on the ground that, under general principles of international law, the court lacked subject matter and personal jurisdiction over a crime committed by a nonresident alien on foreign soil and that federal law provided no independent basis for such jurisdiction. The United States District Court for the District of Columbia (per Parker, J.) denied the motion to dismiss in part and granted i

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Krebs, John W., Jean S. Smith, Charles E. Rupprecht, and James E. Childs. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1998." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 215, no. 12 (1999): 1786–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1999.215.12.1786.

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During 1998, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 7,961 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a decrease of 6.5% from 8,509 cases in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings reported in 1997. More than 92% (7,358 cases) were in wild animals, whereas > 7.5% (603 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93% in wild animals and 7% in domestic species in 1997). Decreases were evident in all of the major contributing species groups, with the exception of skunks and bats. The relative c

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Smith, Bradford L. "In Re Letter of Request from Crown Prosecution Service of United Kingdom." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (1989): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203384.

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Appellant, Thomas J. Ward, appealed a district court decision appointing commissioners to obtain evidence sought by the Crown Prosecution Service of the United Kingdom (Crown Service). The district court had appointed the commissioners pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §1782 (1982), to depose in the United States certain third-party witnesses with knowledge relevant to a criminal investigation in the United Kingdom. On review, the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (per Ginsburg, J.) affirmed the district court’s decision and held: that 28 U.S.C. §1782 authorized the appointment of the

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Jane Henley, S., Theodore C. Larson, Manxia Wu, et al. "Mesothelioma incidence in 50 states and the District of Columbia, United States, 2003–2008." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 19, no. 1 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2049396712y.0000000016.

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Bello, Judith Hippler, and Jacques Semmelman. "Extradition statute—constitutional law—separation of powers—injunction against U.S. Government— class action: Lobue v. Christopher. 893 F.Supp. 65." American Journal of International Law 90, no. 1 (1996): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203757.

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U.S. District Court, D.C., August 31, 1995; modified September 15, 1995.This action involved a constitutional challenge to the 147-year-old extradition statute, 18 U.S.C. §3184, on die ground that it violates the separation of powers. Plaintiffs were two individuals who had been found extraditable to Canada, pursuant to the extradition treaty between die United States and Canada, by a U.S. magistrate judge in the Northern District of Illinois. They brought an action in the District of Columbia against the Secretary of State, the Department of State, and the United States for a judgment declari

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Krebs, John W., Tara W. Strine, Jean S. Smith, Charles E. Rupprecht, and James E. Childs. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1993." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 205, no. 12 (1994): 1695–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1994.205.12.1695.

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Summary In 1993, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 9,495 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Greater than 93% (8,889 cases) were wild animals, whereas 6.4% (606 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases increased 9.9% over that of 1992 (8,645 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons (37.1% increase in reported cases over 1992). The 2 epizootics of rabies in raccoons (Northeastern/mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions) a

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Driver, Cynthia R., Sarah E. Valway, Michael F. Cantwell, and Ida M. Onorato. "Tuberculin Skin Test Screening in Schoolchildren in the United States." Pediatrics 98, no. 1 (1996): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.1.97.

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Objective. To determine the current practices and results of tuberculin skin test (TST) screening of schoolchildren in the United States. Methods. Tuberculosis program staff in all states and the District of Columbia were asked about current requirements, practices, and results of school-based TST screening. Results. Thirty-four states and the District of Columbia (69%) reported no current statewide statutes or policies for tuberculin screening of schoolchildren, and 10 (19%) reported having statewide requirements. In 6 states (12%), requirements were instituted at the local level, and 24 loca

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Wald, Martin. "Committee of United States Citizens Living in Nicaragua v. Reagan." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 2 (1989): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202755.

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Appellants sued President Reagan and other executive branch officials in the U.S. district court to enjoin U.S. military aid to the Nicaraguán resistance forces (contras), alleging that the aid violated the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, the United Nations Charter and customary international law. The district court, in an unpublished opinion, dismissed the complaint as presenting nonjusticiable political questions. The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (per Mikva, J.), affirming the dismissal on different grounds, held that (1) the trial court’s blanket invocation of

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Krebs, John W., Tara W. Strine, and James E. Childs. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1992." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 203, no. 12 (1993): 1718–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1993.203.12.1718.

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Summary In 1992, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 8,644 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Almost 92% (7,912 cases) were wild animals, the largest number of wild animals ever reported, whereas 8.5% (732 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases increased 23.9% over that of 1991 (6,975 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons. The 2 epizootics of rabies in raccoons (Northeastern/mid-Atlantic region and Southeastern reg

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Dobrin, Adam. "State-level estimates of the number of volunteer police in the United States." International Journal of Police Science & Management 19, no. 2 (2017): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355717695322.

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To effectively develop and evaluate policing policies and practices, researchers and stakeholders need to know the numbers of volunteer police officers. Limited national estimates exist in the United States, but have shortcomings. This study collects state-level counts of volunteer police from all 50 states (and the District of Columbia), and finds that relying on state-level counts of volunteer police officers is not an effective way of capturing this information. The implications are discussed and a solution is suggested.

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Bullett, Maryann S. "Certification Requirements for Public School Speech-Language Pathologists in the United States." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 16, no. 2 (1985): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.1602.124.

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A survey was conducted to determine the current minimum certification requirements in each state for the employment of speech/language pathologists in public school settings. Questionnaires requesting certification requirements were sent to state departments of education and presidents of state speech/language associations. The results indicate that the majority of the states and the District of Columbia require a bachelor's degree as the minimum degree for certification. Minimum clinical practicum hours and certification renewal criteria vary greatly from state to state.

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Price, Daniel M. "United States v. Stuart." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (1989): 918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203382.

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In response to a request by Canadian tax authorities under the United States-Canada Double Taxation Convention (Convention), the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued summonses to obtain U.S. bank records concerning certain accounts of respondents, Canadian citizens whose Canadian tax liability was under investigation. Respondents sought to quash the summonses, arguing that because under 26 U.S.C. §7609(b) the IRS is prohibited by U.S. law from using its summons authority to obtain information about a U.S. taxpayer once a case is referred to the Justice Department for prosecution, and bec

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Krebs, John W., Tara W. Strine, Jean S. Smith, Donald L. Noah, Charles E. Rupprecht, and James E. Childs. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1995." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209, no. 12 (1996): 2031–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1996.209.12.2031.

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Summary In 1995, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 7,877 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nearly 92% (7,247 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (630 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases decreased 4.2% from that of 1994 (8,230 cases). Most of the decline was the result of 17.1% fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons in areas of the Northeast, where rabies is now enzootic rather than epizootic. Exceptions to this decline were detected in states where the

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Krebs, John W., Jean S. Smith, Charles E. Rupprecht, and James E. Childs. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1996." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 211, no. 12 (1997): 1525–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1997.211.12.1525.

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Summary In 1996, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 7,124 cases of rabies in non-human animals and 4 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nearly 92% (6,550 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (574 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases decreased 9.6% from that of 1995 (7,881 cases). Although much of the decline was the result of fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons, fewer cases were also reported among most groups of animals. Numbers of cases associated with separate epizootics of rabies in foxes in

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Young, Aaron, Humayun J. Chaudhry, Xiaomei Pei, Katie Arnhart, Michael Dugan, and Kenneth B. Simons. "FSMB Census of Licensed Physicians in the United States, 2020." Journal of Medical Regulation 107, no. 2 (2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-107.2.57.

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ABSTRACT There are 1,018,776 licensed physicians in the United States and the District of Columbia, representing a physician workforce that is 20% larger than it was a decade ago, according to data from 2020 compiled by the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB). The licensed physician population has grown in number relative to the total population, but concerns about a doctor shortage remain as both the general and physician populations age. Late career physicians generally work fewer hours and retire at higher rates, while younger physicians place more emphasis on work-life balance that m

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Reid-Sanden, Frances L., James G. Dobbins, Jean S. Smith, and Daniel B. Fishbein. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1989." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 197, no. 12 (1990): 1571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1990.197.12.1571.

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Summary In 1989, 4,808 cases of rabies in animals other than human beings were reported to the Centers for Disease Control, 1.8% more (4,724 to 4,808) than in 1988. Eighty-eight percent (4,224/4,808) of those affected were wild animals and 12% (584/4,808) were domestic animals. Cases were reported from 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico; Hawaii remained rabies-free. Skunks (1,657) continued to be the most commonly reported rabid wild animal. For the second consecutive year, more cats (212) were reported to be infected with rabies virus than any other domestic species. Compare

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Friedman. "United States v. Terry Raynor and Cynthia Lewis, 1997 WL 800395 (D.D.C. Dec. 29, 1997): United States District Court, District of Columbia Dec. 29, 1997." Federal Sentencing Reporter 10, no. 4 (1998): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20640085.

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Lin, Lixin, Yanji Zhao, Boqiang Chen, and Daihai He. "Multiple COVID-19 Waves and Vaccination Effectiveness in the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (2022): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042282.

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(1) Background: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused multiple waves of cases and deaths in the United States (US). The wild strain, the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were the principal culprits behind these waves. To mitigate the pandemic, the vaccination campaign was started in January 2021. While the vaccine efficacy is less than 1, breakthrough infections were reported. This work aims to examine the effects of the vaccination across 50 US states and the District of Columbia. (2) Method

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Lambert, Lauren A., Robert H. Pratt, Lori R. Armstrong, and Maryam B. Haddad. "Tuberculosis among Healthcare Workers, United States, 1995–2007." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 33, no. 11 (2012): 1126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/668016.

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Objective.We examined surveillance data to describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the United States during the period 1995–2007.Design.Cross-sectional descriptive analysis of existing surveillance data.Setting and Participants.TB cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from the 50 states and the District of Columbia from 1995 through 2007.Results.Of the 200,744 reported TB cases in persons 18 years of age or older, 6,049 (3%) occurred in individuals who were classified as HCWs. HCWs with TB were more likely than other adults w

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Miller, Carrie W. "Marijuana Use and Breastfeeding." Clinical Lactation 3, no. 3 (2012): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/215805312807022950.

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Marijuana is one of the most widely used recreational substances in the United States, with high rates of use during peak childbearing years. Medical marijuana use is also becoming more widely accepted in the United States, with legalization in 17 states and the District of Columbia. The available literature suggests that maternal marijuana use during breastfeeding is associated with potentially negative outcomes for infants and children. Adverse effects can include feeding difficulty, lethargy, and delayed cognitive and motor development. Mothers considered heavy or chronic users of marijuana

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Short, John Rennie. "The liquid city of Megalopolis." Documents d'Anàlisi Geogràfica 55 (September 15, 2009): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/dag.968.

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Large city-regions around the world are the principal hubs of economic and cultural globalization. In the United States, for example, 10 megapolitan regions, defined as clustered networks of metropolitan regions, have been identified. Using the criterion of contiguous metropolitan counties, in this paper I propose a definition of US Megalopolis that consists of 52,310 square miles stretching across 12 states, one district (District of Columbia), 124 counties, 13 metropolitan areas and the four major metro regions of Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington-Baltimore. In the rest of the pa

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Rebbe, Rebecca. "What Is Neglect? State Legal Definitions in the United States." Child Maltreatment 23, no. 3 (2018): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559518767337.

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Neglect is the most common form of reported child maltreatment in the United States with 75.3% of confirmed child maltreatment victims in 2015 neglected. Despite constituting the majority of reported child maltreatment cases and victims, neglect still lacks a standard definition. In the United States, congruent with the pervasiveness of law in child welfare systems, every state and the District of Columbia has its own statutory definition of neglect. This study used content analysis to compare state legal statutory definitions with the Fourth National Incidence Survey (NIS-4) operationalizatio

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McLoughlin, Gabriella M., Lindsey Turner, Julien Leider, Elizabeth Piekarz-Porter, and Jamie F. Chriqui. "Assessing the Relationship between District and State Policies and School Nutrition Promotion-Related Practices in the United States." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (2020): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082356.

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School environments are an optimal setting to promote healthy student diets, yet it is unclear what role state and district policies play in shaping school contexts. This study examined how state and district policies are associated with school-reported practices for promoting student participation in school lunch programs. School nutrition manager data were obtained from the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study’s (SNMCS) sample of 1210 schools in 46 states and the District of Columbia (DC) during school year 2014–2015. Relevant state laws and district policies were compiled and coded. Multiva

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Porges, Amelia. "United States: Foreign Legal Consultant Rules of California, The District of Columbia and New York." International Legal Materials 26, no. 4 (1987): 977–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002078290002595x.

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On April 2, 1987, California's new rules on licensing of foreign legal consultants came into effect, joining the foreign legal consultant rules in New York, the District of Columbia, Michigan, and Hawaii [Rule 988, Cal. Rules of Court; N.Y. Ct. App. R. for Licensing of Legal Consultants, 22 N.Y.C.R.R. Part 521; Rule 46 (c) (4), D.C. Ct. App.; Rule 5 (E), Mich. Bd. of L. Exam'rs; Rule 14, Sup. Ct. of Hawaii]. The California, New York and District of Columbia rules are reprinted here. In addition, a foreign legal consultants proposal is now under active consideration in Texas.The table following

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Marzen, Chad G. "The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit: El-Shifa Pharm. Indus. co. et al. v. United States." International Legal Materials 48, no. 4 (2009): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900003600.

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Onokala, Lillian, Garrard Baker, and Bisrat Hailemeskel. "Price Comparison of Moringa in the Greater District of Columbia Area, United States of America." Advances in Food Technology and Nutrition Sciences – Open Journal 8, no. 1 (2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/aftnsoj-8-175.

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Introduction Moringa oleifera (MO) is a nutritional herbal supplement that grows in many subtropical and tropical regions of the world including India, Africa, North and South America, and Asia. The purpose of this study is to review recent clinical studies regarding the health benefits of MO as well as investigate the availability and relative pricing of MO among retail local and online stores for the various Moringa dosage forms. Method In this study, price variations and availability of MO in 18 retail companies that serve the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia region were investi

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Schauer, Gillian L. "Cannabis Policy in the United States: Implications for Public Health." JNCI Monographs 2021, no. 58 (2021): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jncimonographs/lgab016.

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Abstract Introduction As of January 2021, a total of 36 states and the District of Columbia (DC) have legalized medical cannabis use, and 14 states and DC have legalized adult nonmedical use. This manuscript qualitatively summarizes cannabis policies across states with legal adult use marketplaces. Methods Data are from state laws and regulations, collected through January 2021, and have been verified with state officials as part of ongoing state policy tracking efforts. Results State policies differ in how cannabis products are taxed, where revenues are allocated, restrictions on the types of

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May, Brittany Nixon, Karen Willie, Cherilyn Worthen, and Allyssa Pehrson. "An Analysis of State Music Education Certification and Licensure Practices in the United States." Journal of Music Teacher Education 27, no. 1 (2017): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057083717699650.

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Teacher certification and licensure practices for music educators vary by state. Enhancing music teacher educator knowledge of state music education certification and licensure practices can inform music teacher preparation and improve future music teacher quality. The purpose of this study was to compile relevant information for music educators about the certification practices of each of the United States and the District of Columbia as of January 2016, and to examine the commonalities and differences among the states’ policies. Results revealed a movement toward comprehensive certification

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Piekarz-Porter, Elizabeth, Julien Leider, Lindsey Turner, and Jamie F. Chriqui. "District Wellness Policy Nutrition Standards Are Associated with Healthier District Food Procurement Practices in the United States." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (2020): 3417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113417.

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Food procurement policies often exist to require that schools purchase foods with specific nutrient standards. Such policies are increasingly being used with the hope of improving access to healthier foods and beverages. Local wellness policies, required in any school district that participates in Federal Child Nutrition Programs, often contain specific nutrition standards that detail what can be sold to students during the school day. This study investigated the extent to which nutrition standards in wellness policies may be associated with healthier nutrition standards in district-level purc

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Dai, Linyan, and Xin Sheng. "The Impact of Uncertainty on State-Level Housing Markets of the United States: The Role of Social Cohesion." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063065.

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While considering the role of social cohesion, we analyse the impact of uncertainty on housing markets across the 50 states of the United States, plus the District of Columbia, using the local projection method for panel data. We find that both short-term and long-term measurements of macroeconomic and financial uncertainties reduce real housing returns, with the strongest effect originated from the macro-economic uncertainty over the long term. Moreover, the degree of social cohesion does not change the nature of the impact of uncertainty on real housing returns dramatically, but the size of

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Agénor, Madina, Carly Perkins, Catherine Stamoulis, et al. "Developing a Database of Structural Racism–Related State Laws for Health Equity Research and Practice in the United States." Public Health Reports 136, no. 4 (2021): 428–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920984168.

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Objectives Although US state laws shape population health and health equity, few studies have examined how state laws affect the health of marginalized racial/ethnic groups (eg, Black, Indigenous, and Latinx populations) and racial/ethnic health inequities. A team of public health researchers and legal scholars with expertise in racial equity used systematic policy surveillance methods to develop a comprehensive database of state laws that are explicitly or implicitly related to structural racism, with the goal of evaluating their effect on health outcomes among marginalized racial/ethnic grou

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Michel, Katie H., Ryan D. Treffers, Erin O’Malley, and Sabrina S. Adler. "Overview of State Laws Restricting Alcohol Outlet Density in the United States." Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 30, no. 4 (2024): 558–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001944.

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Objectives: Complementing the extensive research literature demonstrating that increased alcohol outlet density is associated with excessive alcohol consumption and related harms, this article synthesizes information on the types of alcohol outlet density restrictions in US state-level laws. Design: Statutes and regulations related to alcohol outlet density in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in effect as of January 1, 2022, were collected using Westlaw. State-level density restrictions were coded according to 4 variables and overlaid with existing research on state-specific local au

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Diner, Steven J. "Statehood and the Governance of the District of Columbia: An Historical Analysis of Policy Issues." Journal of Policy History 4, no. 4 (1992): 389–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600007004.

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In November 1990 voters in the District of Columbia elected two “shadow” United States senators (one of whom is former presidential candidate Jesse Jackson) and one “shadow” representative to lobby for statehood. Statehood bills have been introduced in Congress regularly since 1982 and committee hearings on statehood were held in the fall of 1991 and the spring of 1992. Although only recently has there been serious discussion about District statehood, the issue of the proper relationship of the national government to the federal city has been a matter of debate since 1787. This article provide

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Young, Aaron, Humayun J. Chaudhry, Janelle Rhyne, and Michael Dugan. "A Census of Actively Licensed Physicians in the United States, 2010." Journal of Medical Regulation 96, no. 4 (2010): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-96.4.10.

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ABSTRACT As part of their ongoing effort to protect the public, the nation's 70 state and territorial medical and osteopathic boards regularly collect and disseminate information about actively licensed physicians in their jurisdictions to the FSMB's Federation Physician Data Center. This article summarizes results from the first-ever comprehensive analysis by FSMB of this information, from state boards and additional sources, to present a census of actively licensed physicians in the United States and the District of Columbia in 2010. While noting the value to state boards and multiple stakeh

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Chrisco, Lori, Felicia Williams, Booker King, and Rabia Nizamani. "540 Burn-Specific Triage Guidelines in State-Based Crisis Standards of Care." Journal of Burn Care & Research 43, Supplement_1 (2022): S104—S105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac012.168.

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Abstract Introduction In times of crisis, medical institutions must utilize contingency plans to ensure the highest quality of patient care. When these plans are overwhelmed, crisis standards of care may be adopted, resulting in modifications in resource allocation. The current coronavirus pandemic has created tremendous strains on hospitals throughout the world, with periodic shortages in equipment, PPE, ICU beds, and personnel. These pressures have been great enough at times to result in several states implementing crisis standards of care to allow hospitals to triage patients and "do the mo

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Sun, Changyou, Jean M. Daniels, and Kate C. Marcille. "Common integrating factor in softwood log exports from the United States." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 5 (2020): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0321.

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Softwood logs comprise a large portion of forest product exports from the United States. Most of these exports have occurred between the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and several Asian countries. In this study, the extent and degree of market integration of softwood log exports from 1996 to 2018 are examined by co-integration analyses and permanent–transitory decomposition. Softwood log exports to Japan and South Korea appear to be in the same economic market and show a high degree of integration, while trade between the United States and China has evolved more independently. A

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International Labour Law Reports On, Editors. "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit Fallbrook Hospital Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board." International Labour Law Reports Online 35, no. 1 (2017): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116028-90000140.

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Pickett, Kate E., and Richard G. Wilkinson. "Child wellbeing and income inequality in rich societies: ecological cross sectional study." BMJ 335, no. 7629 (2007): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39377.580162.55.

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Objectives To examine associations between child wellbeing and material living standards (average income), the scale of differentiation in social status (income inequality), and social exclusion (children in relative poverty) in rich developed societies. Design Ecological, cross sectional studies. Setting Cross national comparisons of 23 rich countries; cross state comparisons within the United States. Population Children and young people. Main outcome measures The Unicef index of child wellbeing and its components for rich countries; eight comparable measures for the US states and District of

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Kirstein, Marielle, Liza Fuentes, and Carolyn Sufrin. "Incarceration Status Among Individuals Obtaining Abortion in the United States, 2020." American Journal of Public Health 113, no. 12 (2023): 1352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2023.307411.

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Objectives. To examine the abortion frequency among incarcerated people before Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization was decided. Methods. We used data from the 2020 Abortion Provider Census to examine the number and distribution of facilities that provided abortions to incarcerated patients. Results. Sixty-seven clinics across 25 states and the District of Columbia provided more than 300 abortions to incarcerated patients in 2020. Eleven of these clinics are in states that now have total or near-total abortion bans. Public Health Implications. People in jails and prisons face many struc

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Lewis, Carmen E. "Appeals Court Rejects Federal Jurisdiction over Chiropractors Challenge to Medicare Coverage – Am. Chiropractic Ass'n, Inc. v. Leavitt." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 2 (2006): 472–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00056.x.

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The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (“Appeals Court”) held that the district court did not have jurisdiction over the American Chiropractor's Association's (“ACA”) federal question claims brought under the Medicare Act, despite affirming the ACA's prudential standing to pursue its claims. The Appeals Court reversed the lower court's decision allowing a doctor of medicine or osteopathy to perform manual manipulations of the spine on Medicare beneficiaries to correct a subluxation.The Medicare program “subsidizes medical insurance for elderly and disabled pers

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Krebs, John W., Robert C. Holman, Urhonda Hines, Tara W. Strine, Eric J. Mandel, and James E. Childs. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1991." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 201, no. 12 (1992): 1836–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1992.201.12.1836.

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Summary In 1991, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 6,972 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control. Ninety-one percent (6,354 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8.9% (618 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases of rabies increased 42.9% over that of 1990 (4,881 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in the mid-Atlantic and northeastern states. Large increases in cases of rabies in animals were reported from Connecticut (2

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Wolf, Patrick J., and Michael McShane. "Is the Juice Worth the Squeeze? A Benefit/Cost Analysis of the District of Columbia Opportunity Scholarship Program." Education Finance and Policy 8, no. 1 (2013): 74–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00083.

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School voucher programs have become a prominent aspect of the education policy landscape in the United States. The DC Opportunity Scholarship Program is the only federally funded voucher program in the United States. Since 2004 it has offered publicly funded private school vouchers to nearly four thousand students to attend any of seventy-three different private schools in Washington, DC. An official experimental evaluation of the program, sponsored by the federal government's Institute of Education Sciences, found that the students who were awarded Opportunity Scholarships graduated from high

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