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Tang, Ying Zhong, and Fred C. Dobbs. "Green Autofluorescence in Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, and Other Microalgae and Its Implications for Vital Staining and Morphological Studies." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 7 (2007): 2306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01741-06.
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ABSTRACT Green autofluorescence (GAF) has been described in the short flagellum of golden and brown algae, the stigma of Euglenophyceae, and cytoplasm of different life stages of dinoflagellates and is considered by some researchers a valuable taxonomic feature for dinoflagellates. In addition, green fluorescence staining has been widely proposed or adopted to measure cell viability (or physiological state) in areas such as apoptosis of phytoplankton, pollutant stresses on algae, metabolic activity of algae, and testing treatment technologies for ships' ballast water. This paper reports our epifluorescence microscopic observations and quantitative spectrometric measurements of GAF in a broad phylogenetic range of microalgae. Our results demonstrate GAF is a common feature of dinoflagellates, diatoms, green algae, cyanobacteria, and raphidophytes, occurs in the cytoplasm and particularly in eyespots, accumulation bodies, spines, and aerotopes, and is caused by molecules other than chlorophyll. GAF intensity increased with time after cell death or fixation and with excitation by blue or UV light and was affected by pH. GAF of microalgae may be only of limited value in taxonomy. It can be strong enough to interfere with the results of green fluorescence staining, particularly when stained samples are observed microscopically. GAF is useful, however, for microscopic study of algal morphology, especially to visualize cellular components such as eyespots, nucleus, aerotopes, spines, and chloroplasts. Furthermore, GAF can be used to visualize and enumerate dinoflagellate cysts in marine and estuarine sediments in the context of anticipating and monitoring harmful algal blooms and in tracking potentially harmful dinoflagellates transported in ships' ballast tanks.
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Halder, Nilu. "Note on taxonomy of Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (Mitra) Mitra et Pandey with soil analysis, collected from a rice field in West Bengal, India." Our Nature 14, no. 1 (2017): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v14i1.16445.
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While studying on paddy field blue green algae, author for the first time recorded a blue green algal species Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (Mitra) Mitra et Pandey from rice field soil in summer during 2013 in Hooghly, West Bengal, India. In the present paper, taxonomical description with microphotographs of the species has been provided. In addition to that, soil which was collected from the algal occurrence site has been analyzed. The different physico-chemical parameters of soil were as followed: pH: 7.1; EC: 0.142 dSm-1; OC: 6.6 mgkg-1; Ca2+: 4.6 cmol+kg-1; Na+: 0.71 cmol+kg-1; K+: 0.15 cmol+kg-1; CEC: 12.6 cmol+kg-1; WHC: 45%. Soil textures were as: sand: 36.2%, slit: 28.1% and clay: 35.7%. This study of soil showed its nature and present nutrient content. As the alga contains heterocyst and can fix atmospheric nitrogen to soil so, it can apply in rice fields as biofertilizer to enhance the yield of rice and increase of soil fertility. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Kondratyeva, N. V. "Modern approaches to developing the taxonomy of blue-green algae (Cyanophyta)." International Journal on Algae 1, no. 1 (1999): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjalgae.v1.i1.110.
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Dumilag, Richard V., Ferdinand S. Dumago, Rea Kissel R. Cabudoy, et al. "The Ulvophyceae (Chlorophyta) of eastern Sorsogon, Philippines, including Halimeda magnicuneata sp. nov. (Bryopsidales)." Botanica Marina 63, no. 5 (2020): 439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2020-0017.
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AbstractThe marine algal flora of eastern Sorsogon has been intensively collected and is generally considered as the richest in the Philippines. A trend of species records in the area has been dominated by rhodophytes (red algae) with significantly fewer similar studies for other algal groups (green and brown algae). In this study we present an updated catalogue of the green seaweeds (Ulvophyceae) of eastern Sorsogon. A checklist, including notes on taxonomy, is given of the 103 species. Twenty-six species are newly recorded locally of which five represent new records for the Philippines: Avrainvillea amadelpha, Caulerpa buginensis, an unidentified Caulerpa species, Codium cf. latum, and one taxon new to science. The new species is described as Halimeda magnicuneata Verbruggen et Dumilag based on morpho-anatomy and DNA sequence data. The number of ulvophycean species recorded in eastern Sorsogon is found to be the highest in the Philippines. This may be a result of the high collection effort in the region, as well as eastern Sorsogon’s diverse habitats providing favourable conditions for a wide range of seaweed species.
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Dragastan, O. N., and H. G. Herbig. "Halimeda (green siphonous algae) from the Paleogene of (Morocco) -Taxonomy, phylogeny and paleoenvironment." Micropaleontology 53, no. 1-2 (2007): 1–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsmicropal.53.1-2.1.
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Rai, S. K., and P. K. Misra. "Taxonomy and Diversity of Genus Pediastrum Meyen (Chlorophyceae, Algae) in East Nepal." Our Nature 10, no. 1 (2013): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7779.
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Pediastrum Meyen is a green algae occurs frequently in lentic environment like pond, puddles, lakes etc. mostly in warm and humid terai region. Twenty taxa of Pediasturm have been reported from Nepal, mostly from central and western part of the country, hitherto. Among them, in the present study, ten taxa of Pediastrum are enumerated also from east Nepal. Taxonomy and diversity of each taxa have been described with photomicrography.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7779
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Kim, Kyeong Mi, Jun-Hyung Park, Debashish Bhattacharya, and Hwan Su Yoon. "Applications of next-generation sequencing to unravelling the evolutionary history of algae." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_2 (2014): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.054221-0.
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First-generation Sanger DNA sequencing revolutionized science over the past three decades and the current next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has opened the doors to the next phase in the sequencing revolution. Using NGS, scientists are able to sequence entire genomes and to generate extensive transcriptome data from diverse photosynthetic eukaryotes in a timely and cost-effective manner. Genome data in particular shed light on the complicated evolutionary history of algae that form the basis of the food chain in many environments. In the Eukaryotic Tree of Life, the fact that photosynthetic lineages are positioned in four supergroups has important evolutionary consequences. We now know that the story of eukaryotic photosynthesis unfolds with a primary endosymbiosis between an ancestral heterotrophic protist and a captured cyanobacterium that gave rise to the glaucophytes, red algae and Viridiplantae (green algae and land plants). These primary plastids were then transferred to other eukaryotic groups through secondary endosymbiosis. A red alga was captured by the ancestor(s) of the stramenopiles, alveolates (dinoflagellates, apicomplexa, chromeridae), cryptophytes and haptophytes, whereas green algae were captured independently by the common ancestors of the euglenophytes and chlorarachniophytes. A separate case of primary endosymbiosis is found in the filose amoeba Paulinella chromatophora, which has at least nine heterotrophic sister species. Paulinella genome data provide detailed insights into the early stages of plastid establishment. Therefore, genome data produced by NGS have provided many novel insights into the taxonomy, phylogeny and evolutionary history of photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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Raven, John A., Andrew M. Johnston, Janet E. Kübler, et al. "Mechanistic interpretation of carbon isotope discrimination by marine macroalgae and seagrasses." Functional Plant Biology 29, no. 3 (2002): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp01201.
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The literature, and previously unpublished data from the authors’ laboratories, shows that the δ13C of organic matter in marine macroalgae and seagrasses collected from the natural environment ranges from –3 to –35‰. While some marine macroalgae have δ13C values ranging over more than 10‰ within the thallus of an individual (some brown macroalgae), in other cases the range within a species collected over a very wide geographical range is only 5‰ (e.g. the red alga Plocamium cartilagineum which has values between –30 and –35‰). The organisms with very negative δ13C (lower than –30‰) are mainly subtidal red algae, with some intertidal red algae and a few green algae; those with very positive δ13C values (higher than –10‰) are mainly green macroalgae and seagrasses, with some red and brown macroalgae. The δ13C value correlates primarily with taxonomy and secondarily with ecology. None of the organisms with δ13C values lower than –30‰ have pyrenoids. Previous work showed a good correlation between δ13C values lower than –30‰ and the lack of CO2 concentrating mechanisms for several species of marine red algae. The extent to which the low δ13C values are confined to organisms with diffusive CO2 entry is discussed. Diffusive CO2 entry could also occur in organisms with higher δ13C values if diffusive conductance was relatively low. The photosynthesis of organisms with δ13C values more positive than –10‰ (i.e. more positive than the δ13C of CO2 in seawater) must involve HCO3- use.
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Teyssèdre, B. "Precambrian palaeontology in the light of molecular phylogeny – an example: the radiation of the green algae." Biogeosciences Discussions 4, no. 5 (2007): 3123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-4-3123-2007.
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Abstract. The problem of the antiquity of the radiation of the green algae (phylum Viridiplantae) has been hotly debated and is still controversial today. A method combining Precambrian paleontology and molecular phylogeny is applied to shed light on this topic. As a critical method, molecular phylogeny is essential for avoiding taxonomic mistakes. As a heuristic method, it helps us to discern to what extent the presence of such and such clade is likely at such and such time, and it may even suggest the attribution of some fossil to a clade whose taxonomic position will be distinctly defined even though it has no previously known representative. Some well characterized Precambrian fossils of green algae are Palaeastrum and Proterocladus at Svanbergfjellet (ca. 750 Ma), Tasmanites and Pterospermella at Thule (ca. 1200 Ma), Spiromorpha at Ruyang (ca. 1200 Ma) and Leiosphaeridia crassa at Roper (ca. 1450 Ma). The position of these fossils in the taxonomy and the phylogeny of the Viriplantae is discussed. The conclusions are that the Chlorophyceae and the Ulvophyceae were separated long before 750 Ma, that the Chlorophyta and the Streptophyta were separated long before 1200 Ma and that the last common ancestor of the Viridiplantae and the Rhodophyta was possibly two billion years old.
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Verbruggen, Heroen, Olivier De Clerck, Ellen Cocquyt, Wiebe H. C. F. Kooistra, and Eric Coppejans. "MORPHOMETRIC TAXONOMY OF SIPHONOUS GREEN ALGAE: A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY WITHIN THE GENUS HALIMEDA (BRYOPSIDALES)." Journal of Phycology 41, no. 1 (2005): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.04080.x.
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Reize, I. B., and M. Melkonian. "Cell Biology and Algal Taxonomy and Evolution Absolute Orientations of Basal Bodies in Green Algae Evaluated by Light Microscopy." Botanica Acta 101, no. 2 (1988): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1988.tb00032.x.
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Chapman, Russell L., Mark A. Buchheim, and Robert W. Hoshaw. "Ribosomal RNA gene sequences: Analysis and significance in the phytogeny and taxonomy of green algae." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 10, no. 4 (1991): 343–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352689109382316.
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Rojo, C., and M. Alvarez Cobales. "Taxonomy and Ecology of Phytoplankton in a Hypertrophic Gravel-Pit Lake. I. Blue-Green Algae." Archiv für Protistenkunde 142, no. 1-2 (1992): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9365(11)80103-x.
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Halder, Nilu. "Taxonomy and biodiversity of the genus Oscillatoria Vauch. ex Gom. (Cyanoprokaryota: Oscillatoriales) with ecological notes from Hooghly in West Bengal, India." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 7 (2017): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.040710.
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Research articles in the reference list regarding investigation or exploration of Oscillatoriales exhibited that taxonomic study of freshwater blue-green algae has been a subject of interest of research workers and professional scientists for more than one century in India. Oscillatoria Vauch. ex Gom. (Cyanoprokaryota: Oscillatoriales) is a dominant and ubiquitous blue-green alga in Hooghly District of West Bengal, India. Its thallus is consists of unsheathed trichome and contains more than 20 cells in a trichome. The recent study was dealt with the taxonomic enumeration of five species of the genus (O. princeps, O. curviceps, O. sancta, O. limosa, and O. jenensis) which were collected from different freshwater aquatic ecosystems of this district and they were described with ecological data, geographical distributions and colored microphotographs. Here, the relationships between the water chemistry and their occurrences had been also discussed. The analysis of important physico-chemical properties of water revealed that species of Oscillatoria prefer to grow in those water bodies prevailing alkaline pH, sufficient to meet the essential nutrients and contain hard and polluted water.
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Thilak, T. S., P. V. Madhusoodanan, N. S. Pradeep, and R. Prakashkumar. "Isolation and taxonomy of the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), Nostoc and Anabaena in Kerala State, India." Acta Botanica Hungarica 62, no. 1-2 (2020): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.10.
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Blue-green algae (also called cyanobacteria) are ubiquitous, pristine and pioneer photosynthetic microorganisms. Many species of cyanobacteria are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and such species in wet soils are simultaneously augmenting the fertility of the soil, acting as natural bio-fertilizers. Nostoc and Anabaena are the two important genera of heterocystous cyanobacteria capable of contributing nitrogen to soil, especially in paddy fields. The major objectives of the investigation included survey, collection, isolation and pure culture of nitrogen-fixing species of Cyanobacteria in the soils of Kerala state, India. Altogether, pure cultures of 12 species of Nostoc and 5 species of Anabaena are prepared.
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Casanova, Michelle T. "An overview of Chara L. in Australia (Characeae, Charophyta)." Australian Systematic Botany 18, no. 1 (2005): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb04027.
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Charophytes (family Characeae) are a cohesive group within the green algae. The genus Chara is abundant and diverse in a variety of Australian habitats. Approximately 37 taxa of Chara have been described on the basis of Australian collections. The current status of charophyte taxonomy is confused. RD Wood revised Australian charophytes in 1972 on the basis of an erroneous species concept, and charophytes are rarely identified lower than genus by ecologists and water managers. Many species were described by overseas experts in the mid-1800s, and this trend continues to the present day. Typically, species descriptions have been based on examination of few specimens, and sometimes not even fertile representatives of each species. In this study Wood’s (1972) taxonomic treatment of Australian members of the genus Chara is examined and analysed in relation to historical species concepts and more recent experimental taxonomy and oospore morphology. Thorough studies based on determination of reliable indicators of genetic incompatibility through culture studies, including oospore morphology and genetic analysis and objective analysis of fertile specimens, are now required.
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Hindák, František. "International symposium “Biology and Taxonomy of Green Algae”, Smolenice, Czecho-Slovakia, June, 25–29, 1990, report." Archiv für Protistenkunde 139, no. 1-4 (1991): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9365(11)80002-3.
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Nozaki, Hisayoshi, Ryo Matsuzaki, Benedicto Boniphace Kashindye, et al. "Morphology, phylogeny, and taxonomy of two species of colonial volvocine green algae from Lake Victoria, Tanzania." PLOS ONE 14, no. 11 (2019): e0224269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224269.
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Zhou, Hong, and Klaus von Schwartzenberg. "Zygnematophyceae: from living algae collections to the establishment of future models." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 11 (2020): 3296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa091.
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Abstract The class of conjugating green algae, Zygnematophyceae (Conjugatophyceae), is extremely rich in species and has attracted the interest of phycologists for a long time. It is now widely accepted that this class of charophyte algae holds a key position in the phylogenetic tree of streptophytes, where they represent the closest relatives to all land plants (embryophytes). It is increasingly evident that robust model plants that can be easily cultivated and genetically transformed are necessary to better understand the process of terrestrialization and the related molecular, cellular, and physiological adaptations. Living algae collections play an important role, not only for phylogenomic-based taxonomy but also for screening for suitable model organisms. For this review, we screened six major public algae collections for Zygnematophyceae strains and established a cumulative list comprising 738 different taxa (including species, subspecies, varieties, and forms). From the described biodiversity with 8883 registered taxa (AlgaeBase) the cultured Zygnematophyceae taxa worldwide cover only ~8.3%. We review the past research on this clade of algae and discuss it from the perspective of establishing a model organism. We present data on the life cycle of the genera Micrasterias and Spirogyra, representing the orders Desmidiales and Zygnematales, and outline the current status of genetic transformation of Zygnematophyceae algae and future research perspectives.
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Clarkston, Bridgette E., and Gary W. Saunders. "A comparison of two DNA barcode markers for species discrimination in the red algal family Kallymeniaceae (Gigartinales, Florideophyceae), with a description of Euthora timburtonii sp. nov." Botany 88, no. 2 (2010): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b09-101.
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Accurate identification of many red algae to the species level using only morphological characters can be difficult. The emerging field of “molecular-assisted alpha taxonomy” can greatly alleviate this issue. In this approach, a large number of specimens are sequenced for a standard DNA marker as a first step to genetic species assignment, followed by detailed morphological observations. Regions of both the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI-5P) and the plastid 23S rRNA gene (UPA) have been proposed as DNA barcode markers to accomplish this task. We compared the utility of each marker as a species identification tool using members of the marine red algal family Kallymeniaceae from British Columbia, Canada. Our results indicate that COI-5P is a more sensitive marker for delimiting species, but that it can be difficult to acquire clean amplification products for many isolates of Kallymeniaceae, owing to biological contamination. This problem can be overcome by using specific primers. UPA, on the other hand, has universal primers that work in diverse lineages (e.g., red, brown, and green algae), but lower interspecific sequence variation, which has the potential to underestimate species diversity, although this was not observed in our study. During our survey, we uncovered a new species of the Kallymeniaceae, Euthora timburtonii Clarkston et G.W. Saunders sp. nov., which we describe here.
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Watanabe, Shin, Kaoru Mitsui, Takeshi Nakayama, and Isao Inouye. "PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AND TAXONOMY OF SARCINOID GREEN ALGAE: CHLOROSARCINOPSIS, DESMOTETRA, SARCINOCHLAMYS GEN. NOV., NEOCHLOROSARCINA, AND CHLOROSPHAEROPSIS (CHLOROPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA)1." Journal of Phycology 42, no. 3 (2006): 679–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00196.x.
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Jannah, Miftahul, and Ludmilla Fitri Untari. "Taxonomy of Crustose Lichens in The Forest of Tahura R. Soeryo, Batu, East Java." Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology 3, no. 1 (2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/biotropic.2019.3.1.1-12.
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Lichen is a symbiotic organism consisting of a photobiont (green algae or cyanobacterium) and a mycobiont (fungal). A taxonomic study of the crustose lichens in the forest of TAHURA R. Soeryohad been conducted based on morphological, anatomical, and chemical characters. In this research, we used the method of descriptive exploration to identify the crustose lichens and to study the distribution of the species in the forest of TAHURA R. Soeryo. Twenty species of crustose lichens with one unidentified species and one specimen identified to the group of family are reported. They are Graphina, Graphis, Phaeographis, Pertusaria, Pachyphiale, Phlyctis, Lepraria, Lecanora, Lecania, Cyphellium, and Megalospora. This research also found the new record species of Megalospora kalbii in Java. Crustose lichens are found in the areas with high light intensity of ≥ 1000 lux, average humidity of ≤ 90%, average temperature of18-190C, and at altitudes of ±1640 dpl. Graphina ruiziana could only be found at the altitude of ± 1780 dpl. The identification key to its species and distributions of other species are presented also in the article.
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Peres, Cleto Kaveski, Ciro Cesar Zanini Branco, Aurélio Fajar Tonetto, and Régis de Campos Oliveira. "Algas verdes coloniais em riachos de Unidades de Conservação do Sul do Brasil: taxonomia e aspectos ecológicos / Colonial green algae from streams of Conservation Units in Southern Brazil: taxonomy and ecological aspects." Revista Ambiência 9, no. 1 (2013): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5777/ambiencia.2013.01.06.
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Muralidhar, Abishek, PAUL A. BROADY, DUNCAN P. MACINTYRE, MICHAEL D. WILCOX, ASHLEY GARRILL, and PHIL M. NOVIS. "Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of seven species of Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae), including two new species, from contrasting habitats in New Zealand." Phytotaxa 186, no. 3 (2014): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.186.3.1.
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Vaucheria is a genus of yellow-green algae, the taxonomy of which is based on the morphology of antheridia and oogonia. Distribution of Vaucheria in New Zealand is poorly understood. Only two studies have investigated phylogenetic relationships in the genus world-wide and these omitted some of the diversity found in New Zealand. We identified seven species of Vaucheria based on morphology of their reproductive structures. Two were described as new species (V. aestuarii and V. edaphica), two were reported for the first time from New Zealand (V. erythrospora and V. litorea), one has been reported previously (V. bursata), and the identification of the remaining two was inconclusive (Vaucheria cf. borealis and Vaucheria cf. conifera). The genetic variation and phylogenetic position of these species were studied using phylogenetic analyses of rbcL sequences. These showed the existence of morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species complexes in sect. Corniculatae. Our results were mostly consistent with the current morphology-based sectional classification of the genus.
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Liu, Bingqing, Eurico J. D'Sa, and Ishan D. Joshi. "Floodwater impact on Galveston Bay phytoplankton taxonomy, pigment composition and photo-physiological state following Hurricane Harvey from field and ocean color (Sentinel-3A OLCI) observations." Biogeosciences 16, no. 9 (2019): 1975–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1975-2019.
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Abstract. Phytoplankton taxonomy, pigment composition and photo-physiological state were studied in Galveston Bay (GB), Texas (USA), following the extreme flooding associated with Hurricane Harvey (25–29 August 2017) using field and satellite ocean color observations. The percentage of chlorophyll a (Chl a) in different phytoplankton groups was determined from a semi-analytical IOP (inherent optical property) inversion algorithm. The IOP inversion algorithm revealed the dominance of freshwater species (diatom, cyanobacteria and green algae) in the bay following the hurricane passage (29 September 2017) under low salinity conditions associated with the discharge of floodwaters into GB. Two months after the hurricane (29–30 October 2017), under more seasonal salinity conditions, the phytoplankton community transitioned to an increase in small-sized groups such as haptophytes and prochlorophytes. Sentinel-3A Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI)-derived Chl a obtained using a red ∕ NIR (near-infrared) band ratio algorithm for the turbid estuarine waters was highly correlated (R2>0.90) to the (high-performance liquid chromatography) HPLC-derived Chl a. Long-term observations of OLCI-derived Chl a (August 2016–December 2017) in GB revealed that hurricane-induced Chl a declined to background mean state in late October 2017. A non-negative least squares (NNLS) inversion model was then applied to OLCI-derived Chl a maps of GB to investigate spatiotemporal variations of phytoplankton diagnostic pigments pre- and post-hurricane; results appeared consistent with extracted phytoplankton taxonomic composition derived from the IOP inversion algorithm and microplankton pictures obtained from an Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB). OLCI-derived diagnostic pigment distributions also exhibited good agreement with HPLC measurements during both surveys, with R2 ranging from 0.40 for diatoxanthin to 0.96 for Chl a. Environmental factors (e.g., floodwaters) combined with phytoplankton taxonomy also strongly modulated phytoplankton physiology in the bay as indicated by measurements of photosynthetic parameters with a fluorescence induction and relaxation (FIRe) system. Phytoplankton in well-mixed waters (mid-bay area) exhibited maximum PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv∕Fm) and a low effective absorption cross section (σPSII), while the areas adjacent to the shelf (likely nutrient-limited) showed low Fv∕Fm and elevated σPSII values. Overall, the approach using field and ocean color data combined with inversion models allowed, for the first time, an assessment of phytoplankton response to a large hurricane-related floodwater perturbation in a turbid estuarine environment based on its taxonomy, pigment composition and physiological state.
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Satjarak, Anchittha, Jittra Piapukiew, Wikrom Chanthapatchot, Karnjana Ruen-Pham, and Alisa S. Vangnai. "Hercide Atrazine Alters the Microbiota of the Filametous Green Alga Cladophora sp. Cultured from Thailand." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 5 (2021): 1255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5005-06.
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The attached green alga Cladophora known to harbor microbiota that play important roles in ecosystem, is one of the most common freshwater filamentous green algae in rivers globally, including those in the northern part of Thailand. These rivers mostly run through agricultural regions where herbicides are heavily used to improve crop quality and quantity. The extensively-used herbicide atrazine persists in soil sediments through transport by surface runoff to rivers. The effect of such herbicide contamination on Cladophora microbiota in Thailand have not been investigated. To acquire this information, 16S rDNA amplicons were used to compare microbiota of Cladophora sp. cultures treated with a spectrum of atrazine concentrations. The results showed that the Cladophora microbiome included at least 106 possible Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) representing twelve bacterial phyla which are Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Epsilonbacteraeota, Nitrospirae, Patescibacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and WPS-2, representing both core and local algal bacteria. The presence of atrazine was also correlated with changes in richness of bacterial taxa suggesting that these algal epibiotic bacteria were differently affected by atrazine treatments.
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Gorbunov, Alexander Viacheslavovich, Oleg Viacheslavovich Gorbunov, Nikita Il’ich Kochetkov, and Dmitry Lvovich Nikiforov-Nikishin. "Assessment of small water bodies Sergiev Posad district on the taxonomic diversity of green, blue-green and diatom algae." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2101-02.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of saprobity of the artificial extension of the Vytravki riverbed (left tributary of the Dubna river) in the Sergiev Posad district of the Moscow region, based on the taxonomic composition of the pelagial and littoral algal flora. For this purpose, the systematic position of algae was determined using a number of domestic and foreign sources, as well as using the electronic database AlgaeBase. The most attention was paid to common indicator types, according to the literature data. Algological samples were taken in accordance with generally accepted methods; the main part of the samples was processed immediately after collection on site, the rest of the material was fixed with a formalin solution and Prat medium for detailed study in laboratory conditions under a microscope. According to the results of the study of hydrobiological samples, the composition of algal flora in the summer-autumn period was determined. There is a large species diversity of algae, represented by most of the divisions characteristic of the Central part of Russia. The green, diatomaceous, and blue-green algae divisions were the most represented. Maximum species diversity was observed for the genera Scenedesmus (9 species) and Pediastrum (10 species). Diatoms are the second group in terms of frequency of occurrence of species that live both in standing water and in rheophilic conditions. Blue-green algae were represented by pelagic forms, with a small frequency of occurrence. Among them, the genera Anabaena (5 species) and Microcystis (3 species) are notable for their high species diversity. The algal flora of the pond was marked divisions, dinophyceae and kropotova, typical for oligotrophic and distrophic reservoirs, indicating a high quality water environment. The established hydrochemical parameters of the reservoir were normal and were similar to the reservoirs of Central Russia at the end of the growing season, which were not exposed to anthropogenic impact.
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Moussa, Hanaa, Mustapha Hassoun, Ghizlane Salhi, Hanaa Zbakh, and Hassane Riadi. "Checklist of seaweeds of Al-Hoceima National Park of Morocco (Mediterranean Marine Protected Area)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 43 (December 5, 2018): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v43i0.4966.
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Abstract The Mediterranean basin is a marine biodiversity hot spot. Despite this, the macroalgal diversity of the Mediterranean Sea is still not fully known, especially in the Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) including, Al-Hoceima National Park of Morocco (PNAH). This paper provides the first comprehensive checklist of the seaweeds of PNAH, based chiefly on our own original collections, and complimented by literature records. Using present-day taxonomy, the total number of taxa at both specific and infraspecific levels currently accepted is 306 taxa with 207 Rhodophyta (39 families), 51 Ochrophyta (13 families) and 48 Chlorophyta (12 families). Ninety five of these species were not found in our samples, 93 were new to the PNAH, and the taxonomic identity of 26 taxa was amended. From the totality of taxa, ten species were reported for the first time from Morocco: 9 Rhodophyta and one green alga. Furthermore, 12 others species (10 red, 1 brown and 1 green alga) are new records for the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. Besides this, confirmed records are mentioned for 20 species, whether in Africa, in Morocco or in the Moroccan Mediterranean coast. This accessible checklist to the international community could serve as an infrastructure for future algal investigations of the taxa in this Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance. Key words: Al-Hoceima National Park, Checklist, Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas, Morocco, Seaweeds. Resumen Lista de algas marinas del Parque Nacional de Alhucemas en Marruecos (Área Marina Protegida del Mediterráneo) La cuenca del Mediterráneo es un Hot Spot de biodiversidad marina. Aún así, la diversidad de macroalgas del Mediterráneo no está plenamente conocida, especialmente en las Áreas Marinas Protegidas del Mediterráneo (AMP) incluido el Parque Nacional de Alhucemas en Marruecos (PNAH). Este documento proporciona la primera lista exhaustiva de las algas marinas del PNAH. Usando la taxonomía actual, el número total de taxones a niveles específicos y infraespecíficos actualmente aceptados es de 306 taxones con 207 Rhodophyta (39 familias), 51 Ochrophyta (13 familias) y 48 Chlorophyta (12 familias). Noventa y cinco de estas especies no se encontraron en nuestras muestras, 93 eran nuevas en el PNAH y se modificó la identidad taxonómica de 26 taxones. De la totalidad de las macroalgas, 10 especies (9 Rhodophyta y 1 Ulvophyceae) fueron registradas por primera vez desde Marruecos. Además, 12 otras especies (10 Rhodophyta, 1 Phaeophyceae y 1 Ulvophyceae) son nuevos registros para la costa mediterránea de Marruecos. También, se mencionan los registros confirmados de 20 especies, ya sea en África, en Marruecos o en la costa mediterránea marroquí. Esta lista de algas accesibles a la comunidad internacional podría servir como una infraestructura para futuras investigaciones algales de los taxones en esta zona especialmente protegida de importancia para el Mediterráneo. Palabras clave: Parque Nacional de Alhucemas, Lista de algas, Áreas Marinas Protegidas del Mediterráneo, Marruecos, Algas marinas.
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Cvijan, M., and Jelena Krizmanic. "Anabaena bergii Ostenf. [f. minor (Kisselev) Kossinsk.] (Cyanoprokaryota): The first record in Serbia, its taxonomic status, and that of the genus Anabaena Bory ex Born. & Flah." Archives of Biological Sciences 61, no. 4 (2009): 883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0904883c.
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Within the framework of a detailed survey of the algal community in salt marshes of the Vojvodina Province (Northern Serbia), we rather unexpectedly found the blue-green alga Anabaena bergii Ostenf. [forma minor (Kisselev) Kossinsk.] in water samples from Slatina Pond near Opovo. Our finding represents its first record in Serbia. The present paper gives general characteristics of this alga and of the habitat in which it was found. Based on analysis of a large number of works dealing with characteristics and the taxonomic status of the genus Anabaena, the species A. bergii, and its forma minor, it is concluded that there are numerous problems in taxonomy of the given genus, with no consensus among researchers. In light of the available data, the authors retain the name of the species A. bergii, but accept forma minor with some reserve.
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Turner, Michael A., David L. Findlay, Helen M. Baulch, et al. "Benthic algal communities: recovery from experimental acidificationThis paper is part of the series “Forty Years of Aquatic Research at the Experimental Lakes Area”." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 11 (2009): 1875–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-126.
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Chemical recovery is hypothesized to promote rapid recovery of benthic algal communities in formerly acidified lakes; this expectation needs modification. We evaluated the hypothesis in a small lake (L302S) in the boreal forest of northwestern Ontario, Canada, during a decade of pH recovery following a prior decade of experimental acidification from pH 6.7 to 4.5. To account for regional changes during the study, we also studied a nearby reference lake (L239). Taxonomic changes in the epilithon (biofilm on rock surfaces) included persistently lower cyanobacterial biomass following its acidification-related decline and increases in both diatoms and greens. Epilithic metabolic recovery was incomplete because the acidification-induced increase in respiration continued, although the prior decline in photosynthesis was reversed. Unexpectedly, blooms of metaphytic filamentous green algae occurred at higher pH during recovery than during acidification. Although several community attributes recovered fully, recovery of many aggregate functional and taxonomic properties lagged improvements in pH. Divergence was greater at the taxonomic than at the functional level. Despite pH recovery, potential causes of incomplete algal recovery include incomplete chemical recovery and the persistent absence of functionally important biota. Our findings counter the assumption that ecological recovery mirrors the pathway of damage caused by a human stressor.
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Olding, Daniel D. "Algal Communities as a Biological Indicator of Stormwater Management Pond Performance and Function." Water Quality Research Journal 35, no. 3 (2000): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2000.029.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An investigation into phytoplankton and periphyton algal communities of two recently constructed Stormwater management ponds suggests that Stormwater impacts on biological communities are reduced during passage through the ponds, providing a degree of protection for biological communities in their receiving waters. In both ponds, disturbance effects from the incoming Stormwater on algal community richness and evenness appear to be greatest in the sediment forebay and are reduced in the main pond. However, the nature of the disturbance in the two systems can be seen to be fundamentally different from a biological perspective, with Rouge Pond functioning primarily to reduce toxins harmful to algal communities (e.g., heavy metals), and Harding Pond acting to reduce nutrients. The taxonomic composition of the two sites provides an indication of the quality of the incoming Stormwater. Rouge Pond, which contains many marine and brackish water species, receives Stormwater runoff from a major highway, while Harding Pond, containing more nutrient rich species, receives Stormwater primarily from residential properties. Despite the nutrient-rich conditions present in both ponds, nuisance blue-green algae (cyanobacte-ria) are conspicuously absent, and the ponds appear to have little potential for developing harmful algal blooms. The lack of blue-green algae can be linked to the hydraulic functioning of the ponds, suggesting that Stormwater facilities may be engineered to inhibit undesirable algal communities.
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Riddle, Cale J., Christoph D. Matthaei, and Colin R. Townsend. "The effect of repeated stressor episodes on algal communities in pasture streams." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 5 (2009): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08179.
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The effects in streams of anthropogenic stressors associated with agricultural intensification can be expected to vary with time, reflecting periodic movements of stock, fertilisation episodes and storm-related inputs. The present study focuses on the cumulative effects of augmented nutrients (N+P, three levels, for 1 month) coupled with episodes of increased bed sediment cover by comparing algal community responses to one, two or three stressor applications in nine sheep pasture streams in New Zealand. Algae were investigated for 1 month before and for 5 months during the manipulations. Algal taxonomic richness decreased with nutrient enrichment plus sediment addition, whereas the pollution-tolerant Achnanthidium increased, indicating reduced water quality. Sediment addition by itself had few negative effects on the algae, possibly because the sediment retention time during each 1-month experimental phase was reduced considerably (to 7–26 days) owing to floods. Algal communities (total algal cell density and densities of the common taxa Navicula spp. and filamentous green algae) reacted more strongly to multiple nutrient/sediment addition episodes than to rare or singular episodes. These results indicate a cumulative impact of anthropogenic stressors on a key component of the stream ecosystem. The effectiveness of management may be improved by focusing on the avoidance of repeated stressor events rather than the occurrence of rare episodes.
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Jaworska, Bożena, and Bogusław Zdanowski. "Patterns of seasonal phytoplankton dynamics as the element of ecological successional changes proceeding in a lake (Lake Kortowskie, northern Poland)." Limnological Review 11, no. 3 (2011): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10194-011-0032-2.
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Patterns of seasonal phytoplankton dynamics as the element of ecological successional changes proceeding in a lake (Lake Kortowskie, northern Poland)The aim of the research was to determine the successional changes proceeding in the phytoplankton of a lake. The basis of the study was the analysis of long-term seasonal changes in the taxonomic structure and the estimation of the intensity of algal community development in phytoplankton of Lake Kortowskie. Seasonal changes in the phytoplankton taxonomic structure manifested themselves as a decreasing share of Bacillariophyceae in spring and autumn and Chlorophyta in summer phytoplankton. The retreating chlorophytes and the diatoms were replaced by blue-green algae, the increasing share of which caused a reduction in the stability of the remaining phytoplankton taxonomic groups, and consequently, taxonomic shifts and progressive development of the overall phytoplankton community in all phenological seasons. Intensive algal growth was observed in spring and lasted until late autumn. The highest phytoplankton biomass was always recorded in summer. Summer phytoplankton development was related to increased bluegreen algae domination, the massive growth of which was observed from spring to autumn. The development of the Cyanoprokaryota community had a negative impact on the diatoms, since the latter earlier disappeared from the biocenosis in spring and re-developed to a lesser degree in autumn.
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Mikhaylova, T. A. "Vegetation of the red algal belt of the White Sea (European Arctic, Russia)." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 53, no. 1 (2019): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2019.53.1.39.
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In 2016–2018, during the summer period, the first detail studies of the red algal belt of the White Sea were carried out time with SCUBA diving at the Chupa Inlet, near the Cape Kartesh, and at the Kolvitsa Inlet (the Kandalaksha Bay), in the vicinity of Sonostrov Island (the White Sea Basin) and Bolshoy Zhuzhmuy Island (the Onega Bay). The upper boundary of the red algal belt lies at a depth of about 7 m, and the lower boundary, at a depth of about 20 m. In the White Sea, the algae distribution in the lower part of the photic zone depends on the geomorphological structure of the bottom and on the composition of the accompanying sedentary fauna, so the lower boundary may vary in the depth range from 14 down to 23 m. In total, 87 species of algae belonging to the three large taxonomic groups have been registered: Chlorophyta (13), Phaeophyceae (33), and Rhodophyta (41). Significant richness of the species composition, vertical zoning, and a variety of phytocoenoses of the red algal belt in different parts of the White Sea have been found. Phytocoenoses of the red algal belt refer to three associations: ass. Odonthalia dentata(–Pseudolithoderma extensum), ass. Phycodrys rubens+Coccotylus truncatus(–Pseudolithoderma extensum), and ass. Lithothamnion glaciale. Nineteen species of macrophytes were the most common and characteristic representatives of the red algal belt, including thirteen species of red algae, four species of brown algae, and two species of green algae. It has been found that abundant and characteristic species of the red algal belt have an additional edificatory function in the studied phytocoenoses, being the consorts that carry rich epiflora and form favorable conditions for increasing the species diversity of algae in the lower phytal zone. The observed rapid shrinkage of the depth range of the kelp and red algal belts, as well as the changes in the vertical distribution of some other algal species in the White Sea, require specific attention concerning altering of their habitat conditions.
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FORSMAN, ZAC H., JONATHAN A. MARTINEZ, JIM E. MARAGOS, and ROBERT J. TOONEN. "Resurrection of Porites hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907; a Hawaiian coral obscured by small size, cryptic habitat, and confused taxonomy." Zootaxa 2624, no. 1 (2010): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2624.1.3.
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The purpose of this note is to propose recognition of Porites hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907, (Figure 1A–D) a species currently regarded as a junior synonym of Porites rus (Forskål 1775), as a valid species, based on molecular and morphological characteristics. Vaughan (1907 p. 217, pl 91 figs 2, 2a) described Porites (Synaraea) hawaiiensis from a specimen collected from Kalihi Harbor on the island of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i (Figure 1 C). Porites (Synarea) hawaiiensis was also reported from the Marshall Islands by Wells (1954 p. 455, pl 170 figs 6,7). Porites hawaiiensis was subsequently thought to be a junior synonym of Porites (Synaraea) convexa Verrill, 1864, due to the small calices that are characteristic of the subgenus Synaraea (Maragos 1977). Later both species were made synonyms of P. (Synaraea) rus, Forskål 1775 (Veron & Pichon 1982; Cairns 1991). Vaughan, 1907 described the calices of P. hawaiiensis as “densely spinulose” with “coenchyma” equaling, or exceeding the 0.5 mm diameter of the calices, and a pitted star shaped space between the pali (Figure 1C,D). In the absence of living specimens, the Vaughan, 1907 type specimen was difficult to distinguish from newly settled P. rus colonies, but upon closer examination in the field, Maragos et al. (2004) recognized small coral colonies that appeared to match the description of P. hawaiiensis. This species can readily be distinguished from Porites rus and other Porites by very small colony size (<10cm), mottled yellow and green-brown coloration, encrusting form, and thicket of spiny denticles between distantly spaced corallites (Figure 1A–D). Genetic data from Forsman et al. 2009 confirmed that this small ‘patch coral’ is distinct from P. rus (n = 3 of each species; uncorrected pair-wise distance; mtCOI = 0.5% ± 0.2 SE; mtCR = 0.7%, and nuclear ITS = 14.2 % ± 1.3 SE), and is also distinct from all other Hawaiian congeners. The genetic data further indicated that ‘Synaraea’ was surprisingly closely related to other Poritids and may not warrant sub-genus status (Forsman et al. 2009). Fenner (2005) referred to this same small ‘patch coral’ as Porites cf. bernardi, however; P. bernardi Vaughan, 1907 type specimens were coralliths (Figure 1E) with calices similar in size to those of most other Porites (Figure 1 F). The geographic range of Porites hawaiiensis is unknown, although it is abundant throughout the Northwest and Main Hawaiian Islands, and has been reported at depths from 1 to 55m (30 fathoms) in the Marshall Islands (Wells 1954). This species can be easily overlooked; it tends to grow in cryptic habitats (cracks, crevices, and interstitial spaces), and at first glance, the small patches of colonies (0.5–10cm) can be confused with crustose coralline algae, or new recruits of other Porites species. This species is remarkable because of its small adult colony size; a curious life history characteristic since many Porites in the Pacific can be among the largest and longest-lived scleractinain corals (Brown et al. 2009). We propose that this small ‘patch coral’ is a distinct species, and that P. hawaiiensis is the most appropriate name.
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Yunakov, N. N., and D. S. Khrapov. "Discovery of epizoic algae on semiaquatic weevils Bagous tubulus Caldara et O’Brien, 1994 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Europe." Kharkov Entomological Society Gazette 28, no. 2 (2020): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/khesg-2020-28-2-3.
Full textAbstract:
During examination of Bagous tubulus Caldara et O’Brien, 1994 series collected in Lviv Region of Ukraine the epizoic algae were detected. Small- and medium-sized green spots are constrained to the dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum, elytra, and femora of beetles. We assume that succidations, microstructure of scales along with semiaquatic way of life provides optimal substrate for growth of algal mats. It is still unclear how algal mats affect beetle life or properties of scales and coating. Taxonomic composition of those mats is unknown yet. According to available data on epizoic organisms, we presume that it may be the species of Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and/or Cyanobacteria.
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Butterfield, Nicholas J. "Pre-Ediacaran multicellular life: harbinger of a Phanerozoic radiation." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006079.
Full textAbstract:
Multicellular organisms must have had a substantial pre-Ediacaran history, but the fossil evidence is sparse and often equivocal. The taxonomic resolution necessary to constrain phylogenetic hypotheses is limited largely to Lagerstätte-grade fossils that retain evidence of diagnostic cell division patterns. Uniseriate and multiseriate filaments in the 1267-723 Ma Hunting Formation, Somerset Island, derive from transverse and longitudinal intercalary cell division programs indistinguishable from those of the modern red alga Bangia, and establish a significantly pre-Ediacaran datum point for the Rhodophyta. Likewise, on the basis of a distinctive “segregative cell division”, three taxa of siphonocladalean green algae (Chlorophyta) are identified in the ca. 750 Ma Svanbergfjellet Formation, Spitsbergen. Process-bearing vesicles in the Svanbergfjellet sequence further compare with the germinating zoospores of the modern chromophyte alga Vaucheria, while convincing Vaucheria-like thalli are reported from ca. 900 Ma deposits in Siberia. The broad co-occurrence of multicellular Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, and Chromophyta by at least 750 Ma ago accords well with molecular evidence that suggests the three principal algal clades diverged from a common ancestor during a brief but marked radiation relatively late in eukaryote evolution.Complex multicellularity featuring cellular and tissue(?) differentiation is also encountered in the pre-Ediacaran fossil record. A large ornate form in the Svanbergfjellet succession preserves at least six readily distinguishable cell types and, despite its taxonomic uncertainty, can be characterized as at least as complex as the most complex modern algae or fungi. No cellularity is preserved in the late Proterozoic macrofossil Tawuia; however, SEM and light microscopy of its isolated wall reveal a complex histology suggestive of a relatively advanced grade of multicellularity. Another Svanbergfjellet macrofossil has a distinct wall structure and bears a terminal pair of large reniform structures; if these prove to be truly bilaterally symmetrical, this fossil represents a grade of organization otherwise not recognized until the Ediacaran. Further analysis of these and other pre-Ediacaran ‘problematica’ may clarify their taxonomic relationships and promises to resolve at least some of the ‘Cambrian explosion’ into a meaningful sequence of evolutionary change.
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Millar, Alan J. K. "Marine benthic algae of Norfolk Island, South Pacific." Australian Systematic Botany 12, no. 4 (1999): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb98004.
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The marine benthic algae of Norfolk Island are documented and 60 of the 236 species are illustrated. All records are fully referenced, and type localities, local distribution and notes on taxonomic and biogeographic affinities of each species are given. Of the 236 taxa, 41 species are Chlorophyta, 41 are Phaeophyta and the remainder (154) are Rhodophyta. Apart from several undescribed taxa, none is endemic to the island, although Solieria anastomosa and Dasya fruticulosa are apparently restricted to Norfolk and Lord Howe Island, the two islands presently sharing 106 species (almost half the Norfolk marine flora and one-third that of Lord Howe). Although there are some species for which Norfolk Island represents a major range extension into or within the Pacific (Dasycladus ramosus, Halicoryne wrightii, Anotrichium anthericephalum, Herposiphonia arcuata and Polysiphonia japonica), a con- siderable number of the species are shared with the Great Barrier Reef and the New South Wales coastline as well as Lord Howe Island. Major northern range extensions are recorded for the large temperate brown alga Ecklonia radiata, and possibly Phyllospora comosa and Durvillaea antarctica, although the island more typically hosts numerous tropical algae such as Trichogloea requienii and members of the green algal order Dasycladales including Halicoryne wrightii, Bornetella nitida and Neomeris annulata. As a consequence of this survey, the two rhodymeniacean species Chrysymenia ornata and C. digitata are considered to be conspecific.
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Sarai, Chihiro, Goro Tanifuji, Takuro Nakayama, et al. "Dinoflagellates with relic endosymbiont nuclei as models for elucidating organellogenesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 10 (2020): 5364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911884117.
Full textAbstract:
Nucleomorphs are relic endosymbiont nuclei so far found only in two algal groups, cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes, which have been studied to model the evolutionary process of integrating an endosymbiont alga into a host-governed plastid (organellogenesis). However, past studies suggest that DNA transfer from the endosymbiont to host nuclei had already ceased in both cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes, implying that the organellogenesis at the genetic level has been completed in the two systems. Moreover, we have yet to pinpoint the closest free-living relative of the endosymbiotic alga engulfed by the ancestral chlorarachniophyte or cryptophyte, making it difficult to infer how organellogenesis altered the endosymbiont genome. To counter the above issues, we need novel nucleomorph-bearing algae, in which endosymbiont-to-host DNA transfer is on-going and for which endosymbiont/plastid origins can be inferred at a fine taxonomic scale. Here, we report two previously undescribed dinoflagellates, strains MGD and TGD, with green algal endosymbionts enclosing plastids as well as relic nuclei (nucleomorphs). We provide evidence for the presence of DNA in the two nucleomorphs and the transfer of endosymbiont genes to the host (dinoflagellate) genomes. Furthermore, DNA transfer between the host and endosymbiont nuclei was found to be in progress in both the MGD and TGD systems. Phylogenetic analyses successfully resolved the origins of the endosymbionts at the genus level. With the combined evidence, we conclude that the host–endosymbiont integration in MGD/TGD is less advanced than that in cryptophytes/chrorarachniophytes, and propose the two dinoflagellates as models for elucidating organellogenesis.
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Marta, Pikosz, and Messyasz Beata. "New data on distribution, morphology and ecology of Oedogonium capillare Kützing ex Hirn (Oedogoniales, Chlorophyta) in Poland." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 40, no. 1 (2015): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biorc-2015-0032.
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Abstract Algological investigations were focused on taxonomy, chorology and ecology of threatened filamentous green alga species in Poland. Studies on Oedogonium capillare Kützing ex Hirn growing in large quantities in association with Cladophora rivularis (Linnaeus) Hoek in pond were conducted. The aim of these studies was to describe the distribution, ecology and morphology of O. capillare as part of a more comprehensive study of this filamentous green alga. It is the eighth record in Poland for O. capillare. Filaments of O. capillare were grown over a wide pH range (7.3-9.6) and in high variability of nutrients. Vegetative cells, oogonia and antheridia were observed, which allowed taxonomic identification. O. capillare occurs in eutrophic waters which requires protection of its habitat.
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Van Alstyne, Kathryn L. "The distribution of DMSP in green macroalgae from northern New Zealand, eastern Australia and southern Tasmania." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 4 (2008): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001562.
Full textAbstract:
The sulphonium compound dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) is commonly found in temperate green macroalgae. To examine taxonomic and regional and local geographical patterns of DMSP production in Australasian algae, I collected 30 species of green algae from 14 sites in three regions, eastern Australia, Tasmania, Australia, and the North Island of New Zealand. The distribution of DMSP content was similar to that seen from other areas of the world. DMSP was found in high concentrations in Ulva and Codium spp. It tended to be undetectable or in lower concentrations in other members of the orders Bryopsidales and Cladophorales. There was no evidence for differences in concentrations among the three regions in the genera Codium and Ulva; however, the invasive subspecies of Codium fragile, C. fragile ssp. tomentosoides, had significantly higher concentrations of DMSP than the non-invasive subspecies. The herbivorous sea slug Elysia maoria had whole body concentrations that were not significantly different from those of its host alga C. fragile ssp. tomentosoides. The distribution patterns of DMSP in Codium spp. do not support the hypothesis that DMSP is used as an antioxidant in this genus. Based on the data collected here and previous reports from the literature, I speculate that one function of DMSP in these algae may be to deter herbivores.
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Maltsev, Y. I., and T. V. Konovalenko. "New finding of green algae with potential for algal biotechnology, Chlorococcum oleofaciens and its molecular investigation." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 8, no. 4 (2017): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021782.
Full textAbstract:
The practice of soil algology shows that algae from the order Chlamydomonadales are among the most poorly studied and difficult to identify due to the high heterogeneity of their morphology and ultrastructure. Only the involvement of molecular genetic methods usually makes it possible to determine their taxonomic status with high accuracy. At the same time, in the algae flora of Ukraine there are more than 250 species from the order Chlamydomonadales, the status of which in most cases is established exclusively on the basis of light microscopy. This work is devoted to the study of the biotechnologically promising green alga Chlorococcum oleofaciens, taking into account the modern understanding of its taxonomic status. Two new strains of this species, separated from samples of forest litter and oak forest soil (the Samara Forest, Dnipropetrovsk region), are described. The strains were studied at the morphological level by using light microscopy methods, as well as using molecular genetic methods based on the studies of the nucleotide genes sequences of the 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and chloroplast rbcL genes, the topology of secondary structures of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). The obtained results helped to confirm the presence of C. oleofaciens in the algae flora of Ukraine. Also, the authors of the article discuss the differences in the secondary structure of ITS2 in different strains of C. oleofaciens associated with the presence of compensatory base change (CBC), hemi-CBC in helices I and II, as well as deletions in helix IV and providing a basis for the hypothesis of the existence of cryptic species within C. oleofaciens. The obtained data can be used at the stage of preliminary selection of biochemical research objects.
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Titlyanov, Eduard A., Tamara V. Titlyanova, Anna V. Scriptsova, Yuxiao Ren, Xiubao Li, and Hui Huang. "Interannual and Seasonal Changes in the Benthic Algae Flora of Coral Reef in Xiaodong Hai (Hainan Island, China)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 8 (2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7080243.
Full textAbstract:
Intensive algal sampling conducted in 2016–2019 in the Xiaodong Hai locality (Hainan Island, South China Sea), yielded a total of 198 benthic macroalgal species and their taxonomic forms (54% reds, 20% browns and 26% greens) and 20 species of Cyanobacteria. The largest number of species belonged to the families Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiaceae and Corallinaceae (Rhodophyta); Sargassaceae and Dictyotaceae (Phaeophyceae); Cladophoraceae and Caulerpaceae (Chlorophyta). The majority (79%) of species inhabiting only the tropics or subtropics were previously recorded and 21% of the species were also inhabiting temperate latitudes. Cosmopolitan algae inhabiting from the tropics to Arctic or Antarctic waters amounted to 14%. The level of maximum similarity of macroalgal species diversity in different years was on average more than 70%, interannual species specificity was observed only in the group of dominating species in algal turf communities. The seasonal variability of floras was manifested in a significant decrease in species diversity from the dry season to the rainy and in the change of dominant species in algal turf communities.
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Wynne, Michael J. "A checklist of the benthic marine algae of the Northern Arabian Sea coast of the Sultanate of Oman." Botanica Marina 61, no. 5 (2018): 481–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2018-0035.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An updated checklist of the benthic marine algae (seaweeds) of the Northern Arabian Sea coast of the Sultanate of Oman is presented, with a total of 402 taxa, consisting of 75 taxa of brown algae (Phaeophyceae), 238 taxa of red algae (Rhodophyta), and 89 taxa of green algae (Chlorophyta). Obsolete names and taxonomic synonyms as well as information on mis-identified names are provided. The classification in many instances reflects new ideas derived from the results of molecular-based phylogenetics. A total of 18 taxa of benthic marine algae are newly reported for Oman.
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Umen, James, and Susana Coelho. "Algal Sex Determination and the Evolution of Anisogamy." Annual Review of Microbiology 73, no. 1 (2019): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120011.
Full textAbstract:
Algae are photosynthetic eukaryotes whose taxonomic breadth covers a range of life histories, degrees of cellular and developmental complexity, and diverse patterns of sexual reproduction. These patterns include haploid- and diploid-phase sex determination, isogamous mating systems, and dimorphic sexes. Despite the ubiquity of sexual reproduction in algae, their mating-type-determination and sex-determination mechanisms have been investigated in only a limited number of representatives. These include volvocine green algae, where sexual cycles and sex-determining mechanisms have shed light on the transition from mating types to sexes, and brown algae, which are a model for UV sex chromosome evolution in the context of a complex haplodiplontic life cycle. Recent advances in genomics have aided progress in understanding sexual cycles in less-studied taxa including ulvophyte, charophyte, and prasinophyte green algae, as well as in diatoms.
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Andreyeva, V. M. "Terrestrial nonmotile green microalgae (Chlorophyta) of the Ellef Ringnes Island (Canadian Arctic Archipelago)." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 42 (2008): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2008.42.3.
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The results of investigation of the taxonomic diversity of the nonmotile unicellular and colonial green algae in the soils of Ellef Ringnes Island (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) are expounded. 49 genera and 88 species of algae belonging to the classes Chlamydophyceae and Chlorophyceae (Chlorophyta) are recorded. 64 species and 23 genera are new for the area of polar deserts.
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Jain, Ritu. "Taxonomic Account of Green Algae from Alwar (Rajasthan), India, -Oedogoniales." Vegetos- An International Journal of Plant Research 29, special (2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2229-4473.2016.00034.3.
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Tsarenko, P. M. "Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes in the classification of "green" algae." International Journal on Algae 7, no. 4 (2005): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjalgae.v7.i4.10.
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Buaya, A. T., B. Scholz, and M. Thines. "Sirolpidium bryopsidis, a parasite of green algae, is probably conspecific with Pontisma lagenidioides, a parasite of red algae." Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7, no. 1 (2021): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.11.
Full textAbstract:
The genus Sirolpidium (Sirolpidiaceae) of the Oomycota includes several species of holocarpic obligate aquatic parasites. These organisms are widely occurring in marine and freshwater habitats, mostly infecting filamentous green algae. Presently, all species are only known from their morphology and descriptive life cycle traits. None of the seven species classified in Sirolpidium, including the type species, S. bryopsidis, has been rediscovered and studied for their molecular phylogeny, so far. Originally, the genus was established to accommodate all parasites of filamentous marine green algae. In the past few decades, however, Sirolpidium has undergone multiple taxonomic revisions and several species parasitic in other host groups were added to the genus. While the phylogeny of the marine rhodophyte-and phaeophyteinfecting genera Pontisma and Eurychasma, respectively, has only been resolved recently, the taxonomic placement of the chlorophyte-infecting genus Sirolpidium remained unresolved. In the present study, we report the phylogenetic placement of Sirolpidium bryopsidis infecting the filamentous marine green algae Capsosiphon fulvescens sampled from Skagaströnd in Northwest Iceland. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that S. bryopsidis is either conspecific or at least very closely related to the type species of Pontisma, Po. lagenidioides. Consequently, the type species of genus Sirolpidium, S. bryopsidis, is reclassified to Pontisma. Further infection trials are needed to determine if Po. bryopsidis and Po. lagenidioides are conspecific or closely related. In either case, the apparently recent host jump from red to green algae is remarkable, as it opens the possibility for radiation in a largely divergent eukaryotic lineage.
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Belyaeva, P. G., and R. A. Aristova. "Ecological Status of the Chusovaya River by Its Epilithon and Hydrochemical Indices (near the Chusovoy Town)." Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, no. 3 (November 19, 2020): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2020-3-259-270.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of our study, data were obtained on the structure of the epilithon and the physicochemical parameters of the waters in the Chusovaya river near the town of Chusovoy for 2017–2018. The taxonomic structure, quantitative characteristics, dominant species, features of the distribution of the main groups of algae were studied. The algal flora includes 191 infrageneric algal taxa (168 species) from 6 divisions, 10 classes, 24 orders, 51 families and 86 genera. The taxonomic spectrum is based on diatoms (67.5% of the total numbers), green algae (21%), and cyanobacteria (9%). In the environmental and geographical aspects, the epilithon is mainly represented by widespread salinityindifferent benthic and plankton-benthic species, having an optimum in slightly alkaline or neutral waters. The epiliton of the Chusovaya river has reached a fairly high level of development. The values of the total biomass varied from 1.46 to 46.32 g/m2, and the abundance did from 1.5 to 31.7 billion cells/m2. The species diversity index (an average of 3.22±0.18) indicates species-rich and balanced algocenoses of the Chusovaya river, while in summer the indices are 1.9–2.2 times lower than in autumn. The dominant algae species differed in seasons, they were represented by diatoms or cyanobacteria in terms of their number, and by diatoms in terms of their biomass. In water samples with epilithon flushing, higher concentrations of chemical substances (NH4+, NO3-, PO43-, and Fetot) were noted than in river water, indicating the ability of the epilithon to accumulate substances. Significant changes in the biomass and/or abundance of epilithon as a function of the content of chemical substances in water and fouling washes were revealed. By the value of the saprobity index (from 1.34 to 2.27), the sanitary-biological state of the water in the Chusovaya river is assessed as satisfactorily pure (II–III water quality classes), the saprobity zone is ο-β-, β-mesosaprobic.