Dissertations / Theses: 'Taxonomy; Systematics'

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Kim, Bongcheol. "Polyphasic taxonomy of thermophilic actinomycetes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1757.

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Molecular systematic methods were applied in a series of studies designed to resolve the taxonomic relationships of thermophilic actinomycetes known to be difficult to classify using standard taxonomic procedures. The test strains included representatives of clusters defined in an extensiven umerical phenetic survey of thermophilic streptomycetesa nd twelve marker strains. The resultant genotypic data together with the results of corresponding phenotypic studies were used to highlight novel taxa and to improve the circumscription of validly described species. The most comprehensive study was undertaken to clarify relationships within and between representative alkalitolerant, thermophilic and neutrophilic, thermophilic streptomycetes isolated from soil and appropriate marker strains. The resultant data, notably those from DNA: DNA relatedness studies, supported the taxonomic integrity of the validly described species Streptomyces thermodiastaticus, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus and Streptomyces thermovulgaris. However, the genotypic and phenotypic data clearly show that Streptomyces thermonitrificans Desai and Dhala 1967 and Streptomyces thermovulgaris (Henssen 1957) Goodfellow et al. 1987 represent a single species. On the basis of the priority, Streptomyces thermonitrificans is a later subjective synonym of Streptomyces thermovulgaris. Similarly, eight out of eleven representative alkalitolerant, thermophilic isolates and three out of sixteen representative neutrophilic, thermophilic isolates had a combination of properties consistent with their classification as Streptomyces thermovulgaris. One of the remaining alkalitolerant, thermophilic isolate, Streptomyces strain TA56, merited species status. The name Streptomyces thermoalcalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed for this strain. A neutrophilic, thermophilic isolate, Streptomyces strain NAR85, was identified as Streptomyces thermodiastaticus. Four other neutrophilic thermophilic isolates assigned to a numerical phenetic cluster and a thermophilic isolates from poultry faeces were also considered to warrant species status; the names Streptomyces eurythermophilus sp. nov. and Streptomyces thermocoprophilus sp. nov. are proposed to accommodate these strains. It was also concluded that additional comparative taxonomic studies are required to clarify the relationships between additional thermophilic streptomycete strains included in the present investigation. A corresponding polyphasic approach was used to clarify the taxonomy of six thermophilic isolates provisionally assigned to either the genera Amycolatopsis or Excellospora. Two of the isolates, strain NT202 and NT303, had properties consistent with their classification in the genus Amycolatopsis. However, the genotypic and phenotypic data also showed that these strains formed a new centre of taxonomic variation for which the name Amycolatopsis eurythermus sp. nov. is proposed. Similarly, the four remaining strains formed two new centre of taxonomic variation within the genus Excellospora. It is proposed that isolates TA113 and TA114 be designated Excellospora alcalithermophilus sp. nov. Similarly, the name Excellospora thermoalcalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed for strains TA86 and TA111. An emended description is also given for the genus Excellospora.

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Hadiah, Julisasi Tri Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Systematics of Elatostema (Urticaceae)." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39207.

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Elatostema J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Urticaceae) is a taxonomically problematic genus of approximately 300 species that is widespread throughout the tropical, subtropical and sub-temperate regions of Africa through to SE Asia, Australasia to Polynesia. Morphological and molecular analyses were conducted to evaluate the infra-familial classification of the Urticaceae, to test the monophyly of Tribe Elatostemeae, to define generic limits of Elatostema and assess its relationship within the tribe, and to examine the current infrageneric grouping within Elatostema. Phylogenetic analyses based on choloroplast DNA sequences of rbcL and trnL-F do not provide support for the monophyly of Urticaceae, because of the position of Poikilospermum (currently Cecropiaceae) within the tribe Urticeae. Although the status of Cecropiaceae is equivocal, there is support for the inclusion of this family in the Urticaceae, with Cecropia and Coussapoa (Cecropiaceae) having close affinities to the Boehmerieae and Parietarieae. The phylogenetic position of Myriocarpa is unresolved, but is excluded from the Boehmerieae, as currently classified. The Elatostemeae is paraphyletic with Pilea placed sister to the Urticeae. Evaluation of the infrageneric classification of Elatostema, based on phylogenetic analyses of both morphological and molecular data (trn and ITS) does not support the current subgeneric classification as proposed by Schr??ter and Winkler (1935, 1936). The analyses support two main infrageneric grouping: (1) a group consisting of Elatostema subg. Pellionia and Procris, and (2) a group consisting of the remaining members of Elatostema (including E. griffithianum ??? subg. Pellionia). The molecular data are regarded as a more accurate estimate of the phylogeny than provided by morphology, with molecular data having a higher Rescaled Consistency Index on the most parsimonious trees, together with a much greater level of resolution and support than that of the morphological analyses.

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Mheen, Hye Sook. "Computer program for polyphasic taxonomy." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299419.

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Marley, Nigel. "Taxonomy, systematics and ecology of the phylum Tardigrada." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3109.

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I conducted a series of research programmes on various aspects of Tardigrada biology. The published results of which are hereby presented as part fulfilment of my submission for a PhD by publications at Plymouth University. In this thesis my research publications are grouped into four chapters: Ecology & Faunistics, Alpha Taxonomy, Freshwater Fauna – a taxonomic challenge, and Superfamilies. In the first, I highlight my early papers which dealt with the faunistic surveys as I trained in systematics and taxonomy of the phylum. Amongst the key findings reported were the protozoan symphoriant, Pyxidium tardigradum van der Land, 1966, Marley and Wright (1994); a new addition to the reported fauna of the United Kingdom, Greaves & Marley(1996); and my first work on international samples from Arctic Canada, Sutcliffe et al.(2000). In the second chapter, Alpha Taxonomy, I have included five papers. The first, Marley and Wright (1996), illustrates my work with one of the Royal Museums of Scotland’s collections, where I updated the diagnoses of their specimens and described a new addition to the Icelandic fauna. The second paper, Russell, Marley & Hockings (2001), demonstrates how I was searching for new research methods to apply to tardigrades. It was because of similar exploration, with methods of SEM preparation, that I was invited to join the Australian-Anglo team working on sediment core samples from Antarctic freshwater lakes, Gibson et al. 2009. The remaining two papers in the chapter describe species new to science, Echiniscus ollantaytamboensis Nickel, Miller and Marley, 2001, and my first sole authored paper describing a species new to science, Platicrista ramsayi Marley, 2006. The third chapter, Freshwater Fauna – a taxonomic challenge, deals with a programme of research based initially on my findings at the Royal Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh. This then required subsequent visits the USA and Italy to work on the taxonomic issues with original authors on their more recently described genera. I prepared the original Case for the ICZN, but this was then held by the commission for several years pending their amendments to the Code. I then rewrote the Case into the final paper, Marley, Bertolani & Nelson (2008). The final chapter consists of two papers in which I worked on combining my expertise on the morphological characters of the buccal apparatus and claws, and combining this with new molecular dataset derived from sequencing individual specimens. My colleagues on these papers were Dr S.J. McInnes and Mr C.J. Sands, both from the British Antarctic Survey. Overall I am including 14 published papers and 5 published conference abstracts and three online articles. The following taxa were erected during this work: Pseudobiotus kathmanae, Echiniscus ollantaytamboensis, Platicrista ramsayi, Ramazzottidae, Isohypsibiidae, Macrobiotoidea, Eohypsibioidea, Hypsibioidea, and Isohypsibioidea. Plus the following taxa were re-described, Pseudobiotus, Thulinius, Thulinius augusti, Thulinius ruffoi, and Thulinius stephanae.

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Eggens, Frida. "Systematics in Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae) : taxonomy and phylogenetic patterns /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7380.

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Taekul, Charuwat. "Advances in Taxonomy and Systematics of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera)." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1341894153.

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García, Jimmy Jair Cabra. "Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-20032014-082237/.

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A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 is presented. The analysis is based on a data set including 24 Glenognatha species plus eight outgroup representatives of three additional tetragnathine genera and one metaine, scored for 82 morphological characters. Eight unambiguous synapomorphies support the monophyly of Glenognatha, all free of homoplasy. Some internal clades within the genus are well-supported and its relationships are discussed. The genus Glenognatha has a broad distribution occupying the Neartic, Neotropic, Afrotropic, Indo-Malaya and Oceania ecozones. As revised here, Glenognatha comprises 27 species, four of them only know from males. New morphological data are provided for the description of thirteen previously described species. Eleven species are newly described: G. sp. nov. 1, G. sp. nov. 3, G. sp. nov. 4 and G. sp. nov. 7 from southeast Brazil, G. sp. nov. 6, G. sp. nov. 9 and G. sp. nov. 10 from the Amazonian region, G. sp. nov. 2, G. sp. nov. 5 and G. sp. nov. 8 from northern Andes and G. sp. nov. 11 from central Mexico and Southern United States. Females of G. minuta Banks, 1898, G. gaujoni Simon, 1895 and G. gloriae (Petrunkevitch, 1930) and males of G. globosa (Petrunkevitch, 1925) and G. hirsutissima (Berland, 1935) are described for the first time. Three new combinations are proposed in congruence with the phylogenetic results: G. argyrostilba (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876), G. dentata (Zhu & Wen, 1978) and G. tangi (Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003), all previously included in Dyschiriognatha. The following taxa are newly synonymized: Dyschiriognatha montana Simon, 1897, Glenognatha mira Bryant, 1945 and Glenognatha maelfaiti Baert, 1987 with Glenognatha argyrostilba (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) and Glenognatha centralis Chamberlin, 1925 with Glenognatha minuta Banks, 1898. A key to species of Glenognatha and distribution maps are provided.
A revisão taxonômica e análise cladística do gênero Glenognatha Simon, 1887 é apresentada. A análise é baseada em uma matriz que inclui 24 espécies de Glenognatha, oito representantes do grupo externo, incluindo três gêneros da subfamília Tetragnathinae e um de Metainae, e 82 caracteres morfológicos. Oito sinapomorfias não ambíguas sustentam a monofilia de Glenognatha, todas não homoplásticas. Alguns clados internos dentro do gênero são bem suportados e suas relações são discutidas. O gênero Glenognatha apresenta uma ampla distribuição ocupando as regiões Neártica, Neotropical, Afrotropical, Indo-Malaya, Australasia e Oceania. Vinte e sete espécies de Glenognatha são reconhecidas, quatro delas somente conhecidas por machos. Novos dados morfológicos são fornecidos para a descrição de treze espécies previamente conhecidas. Onze espécies novas são descritas: G. sp. nov. 1, G. sp. nov. 3, G. sp. nov. 4 e G. sp. nov. 7 do sudeste do Brasil, G. sp. nov. 6, G. sp. nov. 9 e G. sp. nov. 10 da região Amazônica, G. sp. nov. 2, G. sp. nov. 5 e G. sp. nov. 8 do norte da cordilheira dos Andes e G. sp. nov. 11 da região central do México e sul dos Estados Unidos. As fêmeas de G. minuta Banks, 1898, G. gaujoni Simon, 1895 e G. gloriae (Petrunkevitch, 1930) e os machos de G. globosa (Petrunkevitch, 1925) e G. hirsutissima (Berland, 1935) são descritos por primeira vez. São propostas três novas combinações em congruência com os resultados da análise cladística: Glenognatha argyrostilba (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876), Glenognatha dentata (Zhu & Wen, 1978) e Glenognatha tangi (Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003), todas previamente incluídas no gênero Dyschiriognatha. Quatro sinonímias são propostas: Dyschiriognatha montana Simon, 1897, Glenognatha mira Bryant, 1945 e Glenognatha maelfaiti Baert, 1987 com Glenognatha argyrostilba (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) e Glenognatha centralis Chamberlin, 1925 com Glenognatha minuta Banks, 1898. É apresentada uma chave para a identificação e mapas de distribuição para as espécies

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Biffi, Gabriel. "Análise cladística de Chauliognathini sensu Miskimen, 1961 e revisão de Microdaiphron Pic, 1926 (Coleoptera, Cantharidae, Chauliognathinae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-22032018-151227/.

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A subfamília Chauliognathinae Champion, 1914 é dividida em duas tribos: Chauliognathini LeConte, 1861 e Ichthyurini Champion, 1915. Na classificação de Miskimen (1961) Chauliognathini é formada por espécies que possuem élitros longos, recobrindo totalmente ou a maior parte do abdômen, enquanto nas espécies de Ichthyurini os élitros são muito curtos, expondo as asas e os tergitos abdominais. Em uma classificação alternativa, Magis & Wittmer (1974) propõem que as tribos sejam definidas principalmente com base em caracteres dos abdomens e genitálias dos machos. Nessa proposta, parte dos gêneros de Ichthyurini foi transferida para Chauliognathini. No entanto, uma análise cladística com o objetivo de testar a monofilia de Chauliognathini sensu Magis & Wittmer indicou que este não é monofilético, recuperando os grupos conforme a proposta de Miskimen (Biffi 2012). A classificação dos gêneros de Ichthyurini está relativamente bem resolvida, com quase todos os gêneros revisados. Por outro lado, a taxonomia de Chauliognathini é caótica, com poucos gêneros que não representam suficientemente a grande diversidade morfológica do grupo. As cerca de 900 espécies e subespécies estão alocadas principalmente em um único gênero, Chauliognathus Hentz, 1830, cuja definição pouco precisa abrange todas as espécies de Chauliognathini. É apresentada uma nova proposta de homologias para os caracteres do edeago da subfamília Chauliognathinae, principal estrutura utilizada por alguns autores para delimitar as tribos e gêneros. Em seguida, é proposta uma análise cladística da tribo Chauliognathini com o objetivo de elucidar o posicionamento filogenético de suas espécies e apresentar caracteres que possam sustentar uma nova classificação dos gêneros. Foram amostradas espécies representantes da grande diversidade morfológica e da ampla distribuição geográfica, incluindo as espécies-tipo de todos os gêneros e subgêneros. Os resultados confirmam a monofilia de Chauliognathini e Ichthyurini como grupos-irmãos, conforme a proposta de Miskimen (1961). São discutidas as possibilidades de redefinição ou proposição de novos gêneros, com a redistribuição das espécies. Por fim, como um primeiro passo nos futuros trabalhos de revisões dos gêneros da tribo, é apresentada uma revisão taxonômica de Microdaiphron Pic, 1926. Dez espécies são reconhecidas como válidas, sendo duas novas, e 23 espécies ou subespécies são propostos como sinônimos. São apresentadas redescrições, ilustrações e um mapa de distribuição para todas as espécies
The subfamily Chauliognathini Champion, 1914 is composed of two tribes: Chauliognathini LeConte, 1861 e Ichthyurini Champion, 1915. In Miskimen\'s (1961) classification the species of each tribe differ in terms of the length of elytra, which may are long, covering the abdomen (Chauliognathini) or very short, exposing the wings and abdominal tergites (Ichthyurini). Alternatively, Magis & Wittmer (1974) proposed that the tribes should be defined based on characters of the abdomen and genitalia of males. In this proposal, part of the Ichthyurini genera was transferred to Chauliognathini. However, a cladistic analysis conducted in order to test the monophyly of Chauliognathini sensu Magis & Wittmer indicated that the group is not monophyletic, recovering the groups according to Miskimen\'s proposal (Biffi 2012). The classification of the genera in Ichthyurini is reliable, with taxonomic revisions available for most of them. However, the taxonomy of Chauliognathini is chaotic, with few genera that do not represent the group\'s morphological diversity accordingly. The approximately 900 species and subspecies are mainly allocated in a single genus, Chauliognathus Hentz, 1830, whose imprecise definition covers all the species of Chauliognathini. A new proposal of homologies for the aedeagus of Chauliognathinae is presented. This is the main structure used by some authors to delimit the tribes and genera. Then, a cladistic analysis of Chauliognathini is proposed in order to verify the phylogenetic positioning of its species and to present morphological characters that may support new classifications for the genera. Species representative of the great morphological diversity and the wide geographic distribution were sampled, including the type species of all genera and subgenera. The results confirm the monophyly of Chauliognathini and Ichthyurini as sister groups, according to Miskimen\'s proposal. We discuss the possibilities of redefining or proposing new genera, with a redistribution of species. Finally, a taxonomic revision of Microdaiphron Pic, 1926, is presented. Ten species are recognized as valid, two of them proposed as new species, and 23 species or subspecies are proposed as synonyms. Redescriptions, illustrations and a distribution map are presented for all species

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Moles, Sánchez Juan. "Antarctic heterobranch molluscs: diving into their challenging ecology, taxonomy, and systematics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399046.

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This thesis covers three important aspects of Antarctic heterobranchs: ecology, taxonomy, and systematics. The first section deals with ecological interactions of several nudibranchs. In Chapter 1, we chemically characterize a new natural product (a homosesterterpene) called granuloside, from Charcotia granulosa Vayssière, 1906; remarkably, this is the first record of this type of compound in marine organisms. In Chapter 2, we assess the origin, function, and distribution of granuloside in this nudibranch; we found glandular structures probably responsible for storing granuloside, as a defensive mechanism against predators, like the sympatric starfish, Odontaster validus Koehler, 1906. We also hypothesize that granuloside is de novo biosynthesized by C. granulosa. This chapter reflects how organisms from polar latitudes have similar defensive strategies to those of temperate and tropical zones. In Chapter 3, a new species of ectosymbiont copepod, Anthessius antarcticus n. sp., living on C. granulosa is described. This is the first record of such association in Antarctica and the first time that this copepod genus has been found living on a nudibranch. In Chapter 4, we study the development of two anthobranchs, Doris kerguelenensis (Bergh, 1884) and Bathydoris hodgsoni Eliot, 1907, both with intracapsular development; we provide new data on the egg masses characteristics, and embryos morphology and anatomy, throughout their development; we also studied at which ontogenetic stage their natural products appear. We concluded that both nudibranchs exhibit developmental periods of up to several years; their embryos are physically defended by a thick egg capsule, while juveniles already rely on de novo biosynthesized defensive compounds. In the second section of this thesis, our interdisciplinary taxonomic and systematic studies, including histology, tomography, electron microscopy, and molecular tools, allowed us to describe three new species of heterobranchs. In Chapter 5, we provide integrative taxonomic evidence for the establishment of a new family (Newnesiidae), and the description of a new species of Cephalaspidea (Newnesia joani n. sp.) with eurybathic and circumpolar distribution; this discovery traces the origin of the cephalaspideans (distributed worldwide) to Antarctica. In Chapter 6, we performed a three-dimensional (3D) anatomical reconstruction and compared the two nudibranchs Doto antarctica and the new species Doto carinova n. sp.; their phylogeny reveals intriguing questions concerning the development of the reproductive system in this genus; 3D reconstructions reveal also the presence of probable giant neurons associated with the nervous system, which were unknown in this genus so far. Finally, in Chapter 7 we provide new evidence of bipolar geographic distributions by describing a new species of nudibranch, Doridunculus punkus n. sp., using only non-destructive tomographic techniques. Our results highlight both the need and the relevance of multidisciplinary approaches to study biodiversity and ecological interactions in heterobranch molluscs from a poorly studied area of the planet, such as Antarctica.
Esta tesis doctoral abarca tres aspectos relevantes de los heterobranquios antárticos: su ecología, taxonomía y sistemática. La primera sección trata sobre interacciones ecológicas en varios nudibranquios. En el capítulo 1, caracterizamos químicamente un nuevo producto natural (un homosesterterpeno) denominado granuloside, de Charcotia granulosa Vayssière, 1906; cabe destacar que ésta es la primera vez que se halla este tipo de compuestos en organismos marinos. En el capítulo 2, evaluamos el origen, función y distribución del granuloside en dicho nudibranquio; hallamos estructuras glandulares probablemente encargadas de acumular granuloside como mecanismo defensivo frente a depredadores, como la estrella de mar Odontaster validus Koehler, 1906. Además, sugerimos que C. granulosa biosintetiza granuloside de novo. Este capítulo refleja cómo los organismos de latitudes polares poseen estrategias defensivas similares a los de las zonas templadas y tropicales. En el capítulo 3, se describe una nueva especie de copépodo, Anthessius antarcticus n. sp., ectosimbionte de C. granulosa; este es el primer registro de este tipo de asociaciones en la Antártida y la primera vez que se describe este género viviendo en un nudibranquio. En el capítulo 4, estudiamos el desarrollo de dos antobranquios, Doris kerguelenensis (Bergh, 1884) y Bathydoris hodgsoni Eliot, 1907, con desarrollo intracapsular; aportamos nuevos datos morfológicos y anatómicos sobre las puestas, huevos y embriones a lo largo de su desarrollo; también estudiamos el estadio ontogenético en el que aparecen sus productos naturales; concluimos que ambas especies tienen periodos de desarrollo de varios años, sus embriones se defienden físicamente gracias a la gruesa cápsula del huevo, mientras que los juveniles ya sintetizan sus propios compuestos defensivos. En la segunda sección de la tesis, nuestros estudios taxonómicos y sistemáticos interdisciplinares, incluyendo técnicas de histología, tomografía, microscopía electrónica y moleculares, han permitido la descripción de tres especies nuevas de heterobranquios. En el capítulo 5, se aporta evidencia taxonómica para establecer una nueva familia (Newnesiidae), y la descripción de una nueva especie de Cephalaspidea (Newnesia joani n. sp.) con distribución euribática y circumpolar; este descubrimiento traza el origen de los cefalaspideos (distribuidos en todo el mundo) hasta la Antártida. En el capítulo 6, realizamos una reconstrucción anatómica tridimensional (3D) y comparamos los dos nudibranquios Doto antarctica y la nueva especie Doto carinova n. sp.; su filogenia revela interesantes cuestiones relativas a la evolución del sistema reproductivo en este género; además, las reconstrucciones 3D revelan la existencia de posibles neuronas gigantes asociadas al sistema nervioso, hasta ahora desconocidas en este género. Por último, en el capítulo 7, proporcionamos nuevas pruebas de una distribución geográfica bipolar, mediante la descripción de una nueva especie de nudibranquio, Doridunculus punkus n. sp., usando exclusivamente técnicas tomográficas no destructivas. Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad y la relevancia de utilizar enfoques multidisciplinares para el estudio de la biodiversidad y las interacciones ecológicas en moluscos heterobranquios, en especial en un continente todavía poco estudiado, como es la Antártida.

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Rivera, Karol Geraldina. "Taxonomy, systematics and DNA barcoding of selected Penicillium groups." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28200.

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Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox 1) is the barcode for many animal groups, protists, and macroalgae. Previously in fungi, the efficiency of Cox 1 as a genetic marker was only analysed in Penicillium subgenus Penicillium and Leohumicola spp. In this thesis, two species isolated from the intestinal tracts of caterpillars from Costa Rica, and two potential species complexes, P. sclerotiorum and P. oxalicum belonging to Penicillium subgenus Aspergilloides and Furcatum, were studied using the Genealogical Concordance Concept (Gee) recognition criterion and barcoding methods. Analyses with beta-tubulin (BenA), the nuclear internal transcriber spacer (ITS) region, Cox 1, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-alpha), and calmodulin (CaM) revealed that the Penicillium species isolated from Costa Rica are undescribed, and that P. sclerotiorum is a complex of seven phylogenetic species (including the Costa Rican species) that fit the prevailing morphological concept of P. sclerotiorum. The phylogenetic species were compared and newly discovered diagnostic morphological characters were used to create a taxonomic key to the species of the complex. The new species are formally described as P. guanacastense, P. mallochii, P. krugii, P. cainii, P. jacksonii and P. ciebiessum. Analyses of multiple strains of P. oxalicum revealed that it is a single phylogenetic species, despite having a world wide distribution, an unusually high degree of morphological variation, and a diversity of ecological roles. Cox1 proved to be a good barcode for identifying the selected Penicillium groups, and provided a species level resolution of 83.3%. ITS provided the same resolving ability. BenA (91.7%), TEF1-alpha (100%) and CaM (100%) provided a higher species level resolution than Cox1, but BenA, TEF1-alpha, and CaM were difficult to amplify or sequence for some Penicillium groups. A secondary barcode marker is suggested in addition to Cox1 for Penicillium.

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Rix, Michael G. "Taxonomy and systematics of the Australian Micropholcommatidae (Arachnida : Araneae)." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0178.

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[Truncated abstract] The southern-temperate spider family Micropholcommatidae is a poorly-studied taxon of uncertain limits and uncertain affinities. Since the first Australian species were described in the early twentieth century, and the family was erected in 1944, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic placement of the Micropholcommatidae have been the subject of ongoing debate. Various phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed for the family, but these hypotheses have never been tested with a robust phylogenetic analysis a problem compounded by the inadequate state and confusing history of micropholcommatid taxonomy. To address the many gaps in our understanding of micropholcommatid interrelationships, this thesis will present a comprehensive systematic treatment of the family. Using a combination of molecular phylogenetic, morphological cladistic and taxonomic methods, micropholcommatid diversity is documented and tested at multiple systematic levels, with an alpha-taxonomic and biogeographic focus on the diverse Australian fauna. The taxonomic contribution is substantial throughout, with one new family, two new subfamilies, one new tribe, 14 new genera and 37 new species described. A combined molecular phylogenetic study is presented in Chapter 2, as a 'first pass' exploration of the monophyly, limits and phylogenetic position of the family Micropholcommatidae. The analyses incorporated 50 ingroup spider species, including 23 micropholcommatid taxa, with nucleotide sequences obtained from two nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (18S and 28S). ...The new subfamily Gigiellinae is also described for two enigmatic species in the newly-described genus Gigiella, known only from the temperate Nothofagus rainforests of south-eastern Australia and southern Chile. As a final contribution to micropholcommatid taxonomy, and as an extension to the cladistic analyses presented in Chapter 5, the new spider family Teutoniellidae is proposed in Chapter 6 for three genera from South America, South Africa and Australia. Teutoniellid monophyly is evidenced by at least two unambiguous synapomorphies, and the morphology of the family is described in relation to other symphytognathidan and EbCY spider taxa. The nominate genus Teutoniella is redescribed to include three species from South America, along with an additional new species from Tasmania. Two new teutoniellid genera are also described, each for a single new species from South Africa: Inflaticrus ansieae is described from the Langeberg Range, east of Cape Town; and Woldius hennigi is described from near Pietermaritzburg, north-west of Durban. In summary, this thesis provides a taxonomic and phylogenetic framework for all future research on micropholcommatid spiders. It presents new data on the phylogeny, phylogenetic position, composition, biogeography, molecular evolution and natural history of a previously poorly-known group of spiders, and highlights a number of remaining gaps in our knowledge of micropholcommatid and araneoid systematics. As a novel contribution to scholarship, this thesis synthesises taxonomic and phylogenetic hypotheses at multiple systematic levels, and tests those hypotheses with original, combined datasets.

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Biccard, Aiden. "Taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of South African Cirripedia (Thoracica)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10163.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The South African Cirripedia (Thoracica) are reviewed for the first time in 88 years, since that of Barnard (1924). Data collection consisted of records from the South African Museum, previously published literature, and specimens collected in the field. The current state of knowledge of the taxon in South Africa has been considerably raised. Thirteen new records are added to the fauna, of Which 84.6% are cosmopolitan and 15.4% introduced species. This raises the total number of South African Cirripedia (Thoracica) to 86, of which 64.06% are cosmopolitan, 11.24% introduced and 24.7% endemic. Excluded from this, are three unknown species, which are likely to be new to science. Descriptions of these species will be undertaken outside of this thesis and published; however, they were classified as endemic and included in the analyses presented in Chapter three. Eleven of the new fauna can be described as "offshore benthic" and represent well known deep-water taxa.

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13

Muasya, Abraham Muthama. "Systematics of the genus Isolepis R. Br. (Cyperaceae)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266774.

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14

Ball, Lester George. "Characterisation of the genus Microbispora and related actinomycetes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336270.

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15

Nangammbi, Tshifhiwa Constance. "Taxonomy and phylogeny of red-tailed francolins (Genus Peliperdix)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6902.

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Bibliography: leaves 25-31.
The Red-tailed Group of francolins falls within the class Aves, order Galliformes, family Phasianidae and genus Peliperdix. These are small francolins consisting of three putative species (Peliperdix coqui, P. albogularis and P. schlegelii) that are largely allopatric. Two species (P. coqui and P. albogularis) are considered to be polytypic species, but is a large discrepancy in the number of subspecies attributed to P. coqui and P. albogularis. The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, organismal characters and combined data were used to identify diagnosable taxa, test the monophyly and reconstruct the phylogeny of the Red-tailed Group. Sixteen exemplars of the Red-tailed Group (representing all species and nearly all subspecies currently recognised in the genus Peliperdix) from different geographical localities were studied. Maximum likelihood (cyt b), maximum parsimony (cyt b, organismal, combined) , distance analysis (cyt b) were performed to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among them. The trees obtained from DNA sequence, organismal and combined data were incongruent in respect to the position of some taxa. The monophyly of the Red-tailed Group seems to be well supported, but the identity of, and interrelationships between the subspecies and species are less well resolved. The morphological and combined tree probably reflects the taxon phylogeny better than the tree based on mitochondrial DNA. only. The most remarkable result that is strongly supported by both organismal and combined trees was that they bring clear resolution between P. albogularis and P. schlegelii as two separate species from P. coqui. Due to the short number of DNA sequences obtained, one cannot make a decision as to whether the subspecies should be elevated to species. Finally, it is suggested that more systematic studies must be done based on multiple independent data sets in order to obtain a robust taxonomy and phylogeny for this group.

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Lee, Chung-Kun. "Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Commelinaceae (Commelinales)." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263508.

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Hughes, Garrett Brady, and Garrett Brady Hughes. "Taxonomy, Systematics, and Venom Components of Neobisiid Pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625632.

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Pseudoscorpions are a diverse lineage of arachnids with a rich history of taxonomic study. However, they remain one of the lesser-known groups of arachnids and many questions about these enigmatic arthropods remain. The present work revises the taxonomy and systematics of the family Neobisiidae in the Southwest, documenting the existence of several new species and a hitherto unknown clade from the Sky Island region of southeastern Arizona. It also describes the venom of a pseudoscorpion for the first time, through comparative transcriptomic studies. Seven new species are described and assigned to the genus Globocreagris, extending the known range of this genus from California into Arizona, Oregon, and Washington. The monophyly of the subfamily Neobisiinae was tested using two genes (COI and 28S). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of both genes and the pattern of trichobothrial placement on the chelae supports removing Parobisium from the subfamily Neobisiinae, and placing it within the subfamily Microcreagrinae, a reassignment here made. Although it has long been known that most pseudoscorpions possess venom glands in their pincers which they use to subdue their arthropod prey, the components of the venom have never been identified. Using comparative transcriptomics from the pedipalps of Globocreagris the first putative venom proteins in pseudoscorpions were identified. Putative venom proteins include astacin-like metalloproteases, chitinases, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors, phospholipase A2, and scorpion La1-like peptides.

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Ireland, Helen Elizabeth. "The taxonomy and systematics of Ateleia and Cyathostegia (Leguminosae-Swartzieae)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390591.

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Hogan, J. "Taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of the Scaritinae (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae)." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2012. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/3f6264ef-2280-a172-1068-fd639cf9525d/1.

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Scaritinae are a subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae), containing about 1900 species and 125 genera. They share a distinctive body shape linked to a burrowing lifestyle. The diversity of Scaritinae is concentrated in the tropics and warmer regions of the southern hemisphere, particularly Southern Africa, Madagascar and Australia. The evolutionary history (phylogeny) of scaritines is unknown, leading to conflicting classification schemes and uncertainty over the definition of genera, especially in one subgroup of scaritines, the tribe Scaritini. In particular, it is unclear whether Scaritinae are descended from a common ancestor (monophyletic) or whether they are an artificial group defined by convergent adaptations to burrowing. Phylogenetic relationships of the Scaritinae were investigated in detail for the first time using morphological and molecular data. Analysis of morphological characters resulted in multiple equally parsimonious trees. Bayesian analysis supported a monophyletic Scaritinae and within Scaritini, a basal position of subtribes Carenina and Pasimachina. Relationships of subtribe Scaritina were impossible to reconstruct due to a complex pattern of convergent evolution and character reversals. 18S rRNA gene sequences were aligned using ClustalX and by incorporating secondary structure information using MAFFT. Consistent results were obtained by Bayesian analysis of the MAFFT alignments, supporting the clades Scaritinae and Scaritini, Carenina and Scaritina. The Australian scaritines (Carenina) were found to be sister to all remaining Scaritini. An historical biogeographic reconstruction of the Scaritini was undertaken by incorporating evidence from extant distributions, fossils and the phylogenetic data. It is likely that evolution of the basal lineages of Scaritini occurred before the fragmentation of Gondwana and that the present-day distributions of the later radiation of Scaritina are due to dispersal. As with most groups of Carabidae, the lack of fossil evidence and molecular clock dating precludes any firm biogeographical conclusions.

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Sharp, Esther Louise. "The systematics, taxonomy and phylogeny of the British carboniferous lungfishes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613402.

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Laird, Megan Clair. "Taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of South African actiniaria and corallimorpharia." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6117.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
In this study, the systematics of the group is thus reviewed in its entirety for the first time in 74 years. Historical distributional data were gathered from the Iziko South African Museum (SAM) records, as well as from the uncatalogued wet collection, and from previously published literature. Photographic records submitted by SCUBA divers, and specimens collected during the course of this study provided more recent data.

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22

Cezar, Lucas de Araujo. "Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística de Oidardis Hermann (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae: Atomosiini)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-08062011-110010/.

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Oidardis e um genero neotropical de pequenas moscas predadoras, distribuido em areas florestais da Costa Rica a Argentina. Ele inclui, ate agora: O. aenescens, O. aveledoi, O. curopaoensis, O. gibba, O. gibbosa, O. nigra, O. triangularis. Este estudo teve como objetivos: redescrever todas as especies conhecidas de Oidardis; descrever novas especies; elaborar uma chave de identificacao para todas as especies do genero; testar a monofilia de Oidardis; testar a validade das sinonimias assumido pelos autores antigos e recuperar as relacoes filogeneticas entre especies conhecidas de Oidardis. Um total de seis especies foram redescritas e ilustradas seis especies novas descritas e ilustradas. O. nigra e proposto como um novo sinonimo de O. triangularis.A analise de parcimonia foi realizada com 14 taxons internos (seis especies validas; seis especies ainda nao descritas; Eumecosoma tarsalis e E. shropshirei), quatro taxons como grupos externos (Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot, Perasis sp., Dissmeryngodes sp. e Strombocodia sp.). Considerou 79 caracteres morfologicos, incluindo de genitalia masculina. O material examinado foi obtido a partir de importantes museus e colecoes do mundo. A analise retornou uma hipotese mais parcimoniosa (L = 299, CI = 0,38, Ri = 0,42). A monofilia de Oidardis foi recuperada, com base na suave curvatura da margem lateral do olho, entre outras apomorfias. Os resultados preliminares mostram Eumecosoma como parafiletico em relacao a Oidardis, mas uma melhor amostragem do grupo e necessaria, antes de quaisquer mudancas nomenclaturais sejam realizadas. As sinoni mias previamente propostas no genero aparentemente estao corretas, com base na reconstrucao filogenetica. Dentro de Oidardis, alguns grupos bem apoiados foram recuperados com destaque para: O. sp. n. 6 como grupo- irmao de O. sp.n.2, devido a sua morfologia distinta de gibosidade facial e cerdas do mystax. Sua estreita relacao com O. aenescens, com base nas cerdas escutelares marginais muito curtas, alem de outros caracteres.As duas especies venezuelanas O. aveledoi e O. curopaoensis recuperadas como especies-irmas. O. sp. n. 1 e sp O.. n. 4 formou um grupo devido ao seu padrao de coloracao do torax semelhante. Cor, em geral, foi um atributo muito importante para a hipotese como um todo. Uma analise desconsiderando esses caracteres retornou uma hipotese pouco informativa para o genero, mantendo-se basicamente o grupo (O. sp. n. 6, O. sp. n. 2).
Oidardis is a neotropical genus of small robber flies, distributed in forest areas from Costa Rica to Argentina. It included, so far: O. gibbosa, O. aenescens, O. triangularis, O. gibba, O. nigra, O. aveledoi and O. curopaoensis. In this study, we attempted to: redescribe all known species of Oidardis, describe new species and elaborate an identification key for all the species of the genus; test the monophyly of Oidardis; test the validity of the synonymies assumed by former authors; and recover the phylogenetic relationship between known species of Oidardis. A total of six species were redescribed and illustrated and six new species described and illustrated. O. nigra is proposed as a new synonim for O. triangularis. A parsimony analysis was performed with 14 ingroup taxa (six valid species; six undescribed species; Eumecosoma tarsalis and E. shropshirei), four outgroup taxa (Ommatius orenoquensis Bigot, Perasis sp., Dissmeryngodes sp. and Strombocodia sp.) and 79 morphological characters, including male genitalia. Examined material was obtained from museums and collections worldwide. The analysis returned one most parsimonious hypothesis (L=299, Ci=0,38, Ri=0,42). Monophyly of Oidardis was recovered, based on lateral eye margin smoothly curved, in lateral view and other apomorphies. Preliminary results shows Eumecosoma as being paraphyletic in relation to Oidardis, but a better sampling of it is necessary before any nomenclatural changes are made. Synonimies proposed by former authors seem to be accurate. Within Oidardis, some well supported groups were recovered with remarks to: O. sp. n. 6 as sister-group of O. sp. n. 2, due to their distinct morphology of facial swelling and macrosetae of the mystax. Their close relation to O. aenescens, based on the very short marginal scutellar setae, plus other characters. The two Venezuelan species O. aveledoi and O. curopaoensis, recovered as sister-taxa. O. sp. n. 1 and O. sp. n. 4 formed a group due to their similar color pattern of the thorax. Color, in general, was a very important attribute to the whole hypothesis. An analysis disconsidering these characters returned an unresolved hypothesis for the genus, retaining basically the (O. sp. n. 6, O. sp. n. 2) group.

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ABREU, Maria Carolina de. "Sistemática do gênero Oxalis L.(Oxalidaceae R.Br.) no Estado de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4885.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Oxalis L. is outstanding as the major genera of the famiiy Oxalidaceae, detaining around 800 species, approximately, 136 are found in Brazil. This work aimed to study the diversity of OxaIis in Pernambuco through morphological data. These data were based on the analysis of approximately 500 exsicates from the major Brazilian herbariums, as well as matenals obtained in field that, after processing, were incorporated to the herbanum Professor Vasconcelos Sobrinho (PEUFR). Oxalis is represented in Pernambuco by nine differentiated species, mainly by the shoot system, phylotaxy, type of leaf, color of the flowers, inflorescences and capsules in two subtypes and six sections: Oxalis corniculata L, O. cratensis Oliver, O. debilis Humb. Bonpl. & Kunth, O. divaricata Mart. ex Zucc., O. frutescens L, O. glaucescens Nolind, O. hedysarifolia Raddi, O. psoraleoides Humb. Bonpl. & Kunth and O. triangularis A. St-Hil. The species more widely distributed in the State were O. psoraleoides, O. frutescens and O. triangularis that are distributed from zones of the Coast and Forest up to the subzone of the Backwoods, though the first one in surrounding many people. OxaIis corniculata and O. cratensis are mainly distributed in Littoral and Forest zones up to Sertão subzone; Oxalis divaricata is distributed in the Agreste and Sertão subzones occurrinng also in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Oxalis hedysarifolia habits in the Forest zone and in the Agreste subzone only in the mountains regions. OxaIis debilis is restricted to Agreste subzone in the edges of tropical montane forests and Oxalis glaucescens is exclusive to Sertão subzone, in sedimentary areas.
OxaIis L. destaca-se como o maior gênero da família Oxalidaceae, detendo cerca de 800 espécies das quais, aproximadamente, 136 são encontradas no Brasil. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a diversidade de OxaIis em Pernambuco através de dados morfológicos. Estes dados foram baseados na análise de aproximadamente 500 exsicatas oriundas dos principais herbános brasileiros, bem como de materiais obtidos em campo que, após processamento, foram incorporados ao acervo do herbáno Professor Vasconcelos Sobrinho (PEUFR). Oxalis está representado em Pernambuco por nove espécies diferenciadas, principalmente, pelo sistema caulinar, fliotaxia, tipo de folha, cor das flores, inflorescências e cápsulas, posicionadas em dois subgêneros e seis seções: Oxalis corniculata L., O. cratensis Oliver, O. debilis Humb. Bonpl. & Kunth, O. divaricata Mart. ex Zucc., O. frutescens L., O. glaucescens Norlind, O. hedysarifolia Raddi, O. psoraleoides Humb. Bonpl. & Kunth e O. triangularis A. St.-Hil. As espécies mais amplamente distribuídas no Estado foram Oxalis psoraleoides, O. frutescens e O. triangularis encontradas desde as zonas do Litoral e Mata até a subzona do Sertão, embora a primeira em diversos ambientes. Oxalis corniculata e O. cratensis distribuem-se preferencialmente nas zonas do Litoral e Mata até o inicio da subzona do Sertão; Oxalis divaricata, nas subzonas do Agreste e Sertão e no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha; Oxalis hedysarifolia, na zona da Mata e na subzona do Agreste apenas sobre serras; OxaIis debilis é restrita a subzona do Agreste nas bordas das florestas montanas e Oxalis glaucescens é exclusiva na subzona do Sertão, em áreas sedimentares.

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Mandiwana, Tshifhiwa G. "Taxonomy, phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of African grassland Francolins (Genus: Scleroptila)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8615.

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Bibliography: leaves 23-28.
The potential for using a combination of molecular and whole-organismal data has opened up new avenues for avian taxonomy, phylogenetics and biogeography. Such a multifaceted approach is used here to identify diagnosable taxa within the Orange River Francolin Scleroptila levaillanloides species complex and resolve evolutionary relationships between these taxa and other mono-and polytypic forms within the Red-winged Group of francolins (= genus Scleroplila sensli lalo). Mitochondrial cytochrome-b DNA sequence data (±250 b.p.) from 50 individuals and 19 morphological characters extracted from reports in published literature were employed to achieve these aims. These characters were analysed separately and also in combination using maximum parsimony (DNA sequences and organismal data), maximum likelihood (DNA sequences) and distance (DNA sequences) analyses. Monophyly of the Red-winged Group plus the Ring-necked Francolin Dendroperdix slreptophorus was supported by all the analyses (bootstrap support ranged from 50%-94%) except distance analysis. The Orange River Francolin complex was found to be non-monophyletic. Two distinct clades were identified, one comprising taxa from southwestern and the other from northeastern Africa. Morphological analysis yielded a distinct clade of the southwestern Orange River Francolin. The other polytypic species and assemblages thereof show poor resolution. The results of this study clearly demonstrate a need for further assessment of the taxonomic status of Scleroptila spp. and their phylogenetic relationships.

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25

Bovonsombut, Sakunnee. "Characterisation of arthrobacters by pyrolysis mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310090.

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26

Große-Veldmann, Bernadette [Verfasser]. "Systematics, Taxonomy, and Evolution of Urtica L. (Urticaceae) / Bernadette Große-Veldmann." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132711452/34.

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27

Benson, R. B. J. "The taxonomy, systematics and evolution of the British theropod dinosaur Megalosaurus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596577.

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The Middle and Late Jurassic theropod (Dinosauria: Archosauria) record of Britain is reviewed to support the inclusion of taxa from these time periods in a new cladistic analysis constructed to elucidate basal tetanuan relationships. British Middle Jurassic deposits have yielded the most abundant theropod fossil material of this age world-wide. The most productive British theropod localities of this epoch are Bathonian in age: Stonesfield, Oxfordshire and New Park Quarry, Gloucestershire. The large-bodied theropod assemblages of these localities are interpreted as monospecific. Abundant remains from these localities can be referred to Megalosaurus, the historically oldest dinosaur taxon. Two additional large-bodied tetanurans were present in British Bathonian Dinosaur ecosystems based on more fragmentary fossils. A minimum of two further, small-bodied taxa are indicated by teeth and postcranial remains. The British Late Jurassic strata are less productive but yield new data that contribute toward global biogeographic scenarios. Metriacanthosaurus (Oxfordian) is a sinraptorid allosauroid, Stokesosaurus (Tithonian) is a basal tyrannosauroid, and isolated remains of robust, large-bodied theropods (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) show affinities with Megalosaurus or its sister taxon Torvosaurus. A new cladistic analysis focussing on basal tetanuran relationships includes 213 characters (of which 22 are new) and 41 taxa. Several of these taxa have never been included in a cladistic analysis: Chuandongocoelurus, Marshosaurus, Piveteaursaurus, ‘Megalosaurus’ hesperis and Magnosaurus nethercombensis. The content of groups within Spinosauroidea corresponds well with geography, indicating limited endemism across Pangaea among theropods of this age. Most Late Jurassic large-bodied theropods are allosauroids, and allosauroids are also abundant during this time period. This suggests faunal turnover between the Middle and Late Jurassic.

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Mandiwana-Neudani, Tshifhiwa Gift. "Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of francolins ('Francolinus' spp.) Aves: Order Galliformes, Family Phasianidae." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9295.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Francolins (Francolinus spp.) are small to medium-sized, sedentary, Old World, partridge/quail-like, terrestrial gamebirds (Order Galliformes) that occupy diverse habitats ranging from dry/open/scrubby lowland and montane grasslands, bushveld and savanna/woodland to mesic montane/lowland forests and forest edges. Some francolins have complex distribution patterns and also are morphologically, ecologically and behaviourally diverse. At the start of this research, Francolinus Stephens, 1819 was considered a monophyletic galliform genus comprising 41 species (36 African and five Asiatic) divided among eight putatively monophyletic species groups and four taxonomically enigmatic species. However, different taxonomic revisions, especially post Hall's (1963) classic monograph, challenged the monophyletic status of the genus and that of some of its designated species groups differed markedly in the number of recognized subspecies. Furthermore, there was debate concerning the geographical origin of the genus: Asia versus Africa. Some of the early molecular research on a few exemplar francolin species based on partial mitochondrial Cytochrome-b DNA sequences and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) also challenged the monophyly of the genus and that of some of Hall's (1963) species groups. These findings suggested that francolins may form at least two distantly related lineages called 'patryse' (partridges) and 'fisante' (pheasants) by Afrikaans-speaking people. Patryse, or 'true' francolins, had been divided into as many as five genera (Francolinus, Ortygornis, Dendroperdix, Peliperdix, Scleroptila) and fisante, or spurfowls, all grouped into a single genus, Pternistis. Research in this thesis is based on: mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (5554 base pairs), organismal and vocal characters of francolins and spurfowls.

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Yamamoto, Flávio Uemori. "Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética do gênero Idiops Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Idiopidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-23072013-150743/.

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Idiops é um dos maiores gêneros dentre as aranhas migalomorfas, apresentando 80 espécies e uma subespécie, com distribuição nas Américas do Sul e Central, África e oeste asiático. São chamadas popularmente de aranhas-de-alçapão, escavando tocas no solo com auxílio do rastelo e protegem sua área interior com uma porta bem camuflada. As fêmeas vivem permanentemente nas tocas, enquanto os machos são errantes na fase adulta, procurando ativamente as fêmeas para cópula. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo revisar taxonomicamente as espécies de Idiops, redescrevê-las e realizar uma análise filogenética, testando o monofiletismo do gênero e analisar o relacionando das espécies. Os estudos taxonômicos resultaram nas seguintes sinonímias: Idiops crudeni é sinônimo-junior de I. flaveolus; I. gunningi e a subespécie I. gunningi elongatus são sinônimos-junior de I. pretoriae; I. munois e I. lusingius são sinôminos-junior de I. straeleni comb. nov.; I. pullus é sinônimo-junior de I. parvus comb. nov.; e I. rubrolimbatus é sinônimo-junior de I. fossor. A análise cladística contou com 54 espécies de Idiops, além de pelo menos um representante de cada gênero da subfamília Idiopinae. Em todas as análises realizadas, Idiops foi considerado parafilético. Através dos resultados filogenéticos, Idiops foi redefinido, cotando agora com dez espécies em seu elenco: I. clarus, I. germaini, I. argus, I. cambridgei, I. camelus, I. pirassununguensis, I. rastratus, I. opifex, I. fuscus e I. rohdei, todas sul americanas. Idiops possui uma sinapomorfia homoplástica: quelícera com fileira retrolateral de dentes paralela a fileira prolateral e ocupando o terço basal. Três gêneros novos são prospostos. Gen. n. 1, com as espécies Gen. n. 1 upembensis comb. nov., Gen. n. 1 wittei comb. nov., Gen. n. 1 schenkeli comb. nov., Gen. n. 1 kaperonis comb. nov., Gen. n. 1 kazibius comb. nov.; Gen. n. 2., com as espécies Gen. n. 2 kanonganus comb. nov., Gen. n. 2 fageli comb. nov., Gen. n. 2 angusticeps comb. nov.; e Gen. n. 3, com as espécies Gen. n. 3 castaneus comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 versicolor comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 yemenensis comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 parvus comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 pretoriae, Gen. n. 3 fry comb. nov. As seguintes transferências são realizadas: I. straeleni é transferida para Heligmomerus; I. crassus, I. constructor, I. fortis, I. bombayensis e I. robustos são transferidas para Titanidiops; e I. flaveolus e Gorgyrella schreineri minor são transferidas para Segregara. As espécies de Idiops não incluídas nos gêneros acima são consideradas incertae sedis ou species inquirenda
Idiops is one of the diverse genera among Mygalomorphae spiders, presenting 80 species and one subspecies, occurring in Central and South America, Africa and west Asia. They are known as trapdoor spiders, and use their rastellum to excavate burrows in the soil and protect the entrance with a well masked trapdoor. The females live permanently in burrow, while adult males usually wander around in search of mate. The present study aimed to taxonomically revise Idiops species, redescribe then and develop a phylogenetic analysis, testing Idiops monophyly, and analyze its species relationship. The taxonomic review resulted in the establishment of the following synonyms: Idiops crudeni is junior-synonym of I. flaveolus; I. gunningi and the subspecies I. gunningi elongates are junior-synonym of I. pretoriae; I. munois e I. lusingius are junior-synonym of I. straeleni; I. pullus is junior-synonym of I. parvus; .and I. rubrolimbatus is junior-synonym of I. fossor. The cladistic analysis included 54 Idiops species and at least one representative of each Idiopinae genus. Idiops was considered paraphyletic in analysis made here. Based on the phylogenetic results, Idiops is redefined with only ten species: I. clarus, I. germaini, I. argus, I. cambridgei, I. camelus, I. pirassununguensis, I. rastratus, I. opifex, I. fuscus and I. rohdei, all occurring in American continent. Three new genera are proposed based on the cladistic results: Gen. n. 1, with Gen. n. 1 upembensis comb. nov., Gen. n. 1 wittei comb. nov., Gen. n. 1 schenkeli comb. nov., Gen. n. 1 kaperonis comb. nov. and Gen. n. 1 kazibius comb. nov.; Gen. n. 2., with Gen. n. 2 kanonganus comb. nov., Gen. n. 2 fageli comb. nov. and Gen. n. 2 angusticeps comb. nov.; Gen. n. 3, with Gen. n. 3 castaneus comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 versicolor comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 yemenensis comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 parvus comb. nov., Gen. n. 3 pretoriae and Gen. n. 3 fryi comb. nov. The cladistic results also led to the following transferences: I. straeleni is transferred to Heligmomerus; I. crassus, I. constructor, I. fortis, I. bombayensis and I. robustos are transferred to Titanidiops; and I. flaveolus and Gorgyrella schreineri minor are transferred to Segregara. Idiops species that are not listed in the genera above are considered species inquirenda> or incertae sedis.

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Villaverde, Hidalgo Tamara M. "Systematics and Phylogeography of "Carex capitata" Complex (Cyperaceae)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23368.

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Only thirty known species have populations at high latitudes in both hemispheres, this is, a bipolar distribution. Five of them belong to the genus Carex. Before attempting to elucidate the origins of such distributions, we need to resolve taxonomical problems that are typically encountered in such species. We focus on the Carex capitata complex, which includes Carex arctogena as a bipolar species, in worldwide scope sampling. A morphometric study and phylogenetic analyses based on maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and Statistical Parsimony have revealed: a) C. capitata and C. arctogena are different species; b) C. anctarctogena is a synonym of C. arctogena and c) a great biodiversity previously undetected in western North America that could lead to the description of three new taxa (“Carex cayouetteana”, Carex sp. nov. 1 and 2) comprised in the so called “C. cayouetteana” lineage. More studies are needed in some C. capitata samples from Russia that appears in the molecular analyses in a strongly supported clade.

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Weaver, Haylee Jade, and haylee weaver@anu edu au. "BIODIVERSITY OF THE PARASITE FAUNA OF THE RODENT GENERA ZYZOMYS THOMAS, 1909 AND PSEUDOMYS GRAY, 1832 FROM NORTHERN AUSTRALIA." Central Queensland University. Dept. Molecular and Life Sciences, 2008. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20081005.153246.

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This study of the parasite fauna of five Australian rodents (Muridae: Hydromyinae: Conilurini) was undertaken to increase the knowledge of Australian parasite biodiversity. Trapping for Zyzomys argurus (Thomas, 1889), Pseudomys delicatulus (Gould, 1842), P. desertor Troughton, 1932, P. gracilicaudatus (Gould, 1845) and P. hermannsburgensis (Waite, 1896) (Rodentia: Muridae) was carried out at 16 locations in Queensland between 2004 to 2006. A total of 51 rats were captured and examined for parasites. In addition, 119 rats, from collections in the Queensland Museum and the University of Sydney, were examined. Finally, 57 samples of parasites collected from the above hosts and deposited at the Australian National Wildlife Collection (CSIRO) were identified. From these five rodent species, 15 species of ectoparasites and 17 species of endoparasites were recorded. Fifteen new host records and 14 new locality records were found. The ectoparasites comprised four species of Laelaps Koch, 1836 (Parasitiformes: Laelapidae), four species of chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae), two species of fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae, Pygiospyllidae) and two species of ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae). Three new species of lice (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) were discovered. The 17 endoparasites, all helminths, comprised fourteen species of nematode and three species of cestode. There were 11 species of oxyurids (Nematoda: Oxyuridae, Heteroxynematidae), including 10 new species of Syphacia, two species of Odilia (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae), and one species of Nippostrongylus (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae). Three species of cestodes (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae, Taeniidae, Davaineidae) were collected. There were no trematodes or acanthocephalans found in any of the rodents examined. No protistan parasites were found in tissue and blood samples taken from the rodents. The mean species diversity of parasites for each host rodent species was consistently low, with values of Simpsons Reciprocal Index ranging from 1.00 1.53. Possible factors contributing to this low diversity include habitat preferences, dietary ecology and social structure. There was no significant relationship found between host body weight and abundance of ectoparasites, or host body weight and species richness of helminths. The index of discrepancy (D) was used to evaluate the distribution of parasite species across host populations. Most parasites were found to have aggregated distributions within the host populations. The exception to this was two of the four species of laelapid mite, with values <5, indicating that they were common across host populations. The phylogenetic relationships of the Syphacia species occurring in the Australian bioregion were investigated using morphological characters. Relatively low resolution of the trees produced indicated that there may be a high degree of similarity between species. Two main clades were identified- a clade of genera of Syphaciini from Borneo was shown to be basal to the clade of species of Syphacia examined. Within the clade of the genus Syphacia, the new species identified in this study formed a single cluster on trees. There was no evidence, however, for strict coevolution of these worms and their hosts. Overall, the research presented here adds considerable knowledge to the previous paucity of information of the parasites of Australian native rodent species. This was achieved by contributing new host records, locality records and identifying and describing several new species. The relationships between conilurin rodents and their parasites suggests that coevolution plays a large part in the speciation of parasites, and that minimal host switching has occurred in the helminths of the conilurins of northern Australia.

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32

Novarino, Gianfranco. "Studies on micro algal fine-structure, taxonomy and systematics : Cryptophyceae and Bacillariophyceae." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/studies-on-micro-algal-finestructure-taxonomy-and-systematics--cryptophyceae-and-bacillariophyceae(6a475436-f28f-44c0-99ca-3fad404e1fa7).html.

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Part I deals with the fine-structure of 25 marine and 3 freshwater strains of cryptomonads, and 2 species observed in fixed marine plankton samples. Emphasis is placed on scanning electron microscope observations, which yield valuable taxonomic data, providing that cell shrinkage (up to about 25 % linear), and other undesirable effects of preparation schedules, are taken into account. The fine-structural information is used for judging the taxonomic value of some cell features. Characters having taxonomic significance at various levels include the cell shape, periplast features (especially the shape and size of the periplast areas), chloroplast number, nucleomorph position, presence of a 'tail', and the presence of a true, non-artifactual furrow on the ventral cell face. A new classification system is proposed. This allows for the existence of three orders, four families, seven pigmented genera, and two colourless ones. Most diagnosis or descriptions of taxa above the generic level are based on only one character. This should make the system capable of accomodating new taxa with little difficulty. The following new taxa are described: Rbinomonas reticulata comb. nov., R. . reticulata var. atrorosea comb. et stat. nov., R. reticulata var. compresses var. nov., R. reticulate var. eleniana var. nov., Proteomonas pseudobaltica comb. nov., P. pseudobal tics var. 1 eonardiana var. nov., Pyrenomonas sahne var. curvata var. nov., Pyrenomonadales ord. nov., Pyrenomonadaceee fam. nov., and Cryptomonadales ord. nov. - Part II deals with the diatom genus Mastoglola. An update of the taxa assigned to this genus is given, together with a 'resemblance list' useful for identifying taxa not included in the main reference work for the genus. The frustule architecture of Mastoglola smitbii is examined with particular reference to the valvocopula, especially the features involved in its integration with the valve.

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Strandberg, Jonas. "Taking a Bite out of Diversity - Taxonomy and systematics of biting midges." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-127144.

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The biting midges (family Ceratopogonidae) is one of the most species rich amongst the biting flies (Diptera) and has been recorded from most parts of the world. The species are mostly known for their capability to act as vectors for several important diseases, which have helped in shaping the focus to one of its genera, Culicoides Latreille, 1809. This thesis gives an overview of the knowledge of the Swedish diversity, in the first paper (paper I) with a closer look at the species of Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911 where all twenty species found in Sweden are presented with their associated localities, and two new species are described. In the second paper (paper II) the biting midge diversity of Sweden is presented based on specimens collected from several localities. All these individuals were barcoded using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI). The analysis included 773 specimens that were assigned into 214 barcoding clusters (BINs) and sorted into 164 groups based on their morphology. The third paper (paper III) broadens the scale were the evolutionary relationships within the family are investigated by applying five protein coding genes (COI, CAD, TPI, AATS and PGD) and specimens from different parts of the World. The analysis recovers Ceratopogonini, Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 and Bezzia Kieffer, 1899 as paraphyletic and Palpomyia Meigen, 1818 polyphyletic. In the last and fourth paper (paper IV) the family is used as a model organism together with Hymenoptera for an alternative analysis method for reducing the impact of saturation and long-branch attraction using non-synonymous coding (e.g. Degen1) on only parts of a dataset. The effectiveness of the method is compared to the removal of the faster evolving third codon position. The result yields a higher number of supported nodes as well as a higher median of support for the method as well as an ability to reduce long-branch attraction artifacts.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

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Franck, Alan R. "Systematics of Harrisia (Cactaceae)." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4044.

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The genus Harrisia Britton (Cactaceae) comprises species of columnar cacti that are united by a unique seed morphology. The species range in form from prostrate shrubs to large trees and are native to South America and the Caribbean region. Harrisia is placed in an unresolved position within subtribe Trichocereinae of tribe Cereeae of subfamily Cactoideae. Relationships among the species within Harrisia are also poorly understood. In this study, several species of Harrisia were sequenced for as many as seven different regions of nuclear and plastid DNA. Species in the Caribbean were also examined with amplified fragment length polymorphisms. The morphology of Harrisia was characterized from herbarium specimens, live plants, and original descriptions. A biogeographic scenario was extrapolated from the molecular and morphological data. The flower morphology suggests a relationship between Harrisia and some species of Echinopsis s. l. However, DNA sequence analyses in this study do not clearly resolve generic relationships with Harrisia. Molecular and morphological data support recognition of two subgenera, four sections, and two series within Harrisia. It is proposed that Harrisia originated in the west-central Andes, ~3.5-6.5 Ma ago. Subgenus Eriocereus is composed of the species in the east Andes of Bolivia and the nearby species radiation in the Gran Chaco. Subgenus Harrisia originated by an early dispersal event into Brazil with subsequent dispersal into the Caribbean. In the last 500 Ka, Harrisia, colonized west Cuba and further diversified into other areas of the Caribbean. Harrisia is revised to contain 18 species.

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Zilberman, Bruno. "Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística do gênero Corotoca Schiodte 1853 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Corotocini)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/38/38131/tde-04102018-163811/.

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Corotoca Schiødte, 1853 é um gênero estritamente Neotropical de besouros termitófilos associados à cupins do gênero Constrictotermes Holmgren, 1910, e sua descoberta marca o primeiro registro de outros insetos vivendo associados a ninhos de cupim. Foi realizada a análise cladística e revisão taxonômica do grupo que até o início do presente trabalho contemplava cinco espécies. A análise cladística contou com 13 terminais (oito do grupo interno e cinco do grupo externo) e 67 caracteres, sendo 65 morfológicos e dois comportamentais. A busca exaustiva com pesagem igualitária resultou em uma árvore mais parcimoniosa (C=95). A topologia resgatou o gênero Spirachtha Schiødte, 1853 como grupo irmão de Corotoca com base em sete sinapomorfias, sendo uma homoplástica. O gênero Corotoca é monofilético e foi sustentado por seis mudanças, sendo quatro sinapomorfias únicas e duas sinapomorfias homoplásticas. São seis espécies associadas a Constrictotermes cyphgergaster (Silvestri, 1901): Corotoca araujoi Seevers, 1957, Corotoca dawkinsi sp. nov., Corotoca fontesi Zilberman, 2018, Corotoca hitchensi sp. nov, Corotoca melantho Schiødte, 1853, Corotoca phylo Schiødte, 1853. Um novo gênero foi criado, Cavifronexus gen. nov., para incluir duas espécies que ocorrem associadas a Constrictotermes cavifrons (Holmgren, 1910): uma espécie de Corotoca descrita para Guiana, Cavifronexus guyanae (Mann, 1923) comb. nov.; e outra para o Brasil, Cavifronexus papaveroi sp. nov. Os dois gêneros e as oito espécies foram descritos ou redescritos e ilustrados e chaves de identificação foram confeccionadas. Também estão incluídas notas de comportamento e um estudo do ciclo de vida do gênero Corotoca.
Corotoca Schiødte, 1853 is a strictly Neotropical genus of termitophiles beetles associated with termites of genus Constrictotermes Holmgren, 1910 and its discovered marks the first record of other insects associated with termites. The cladisc analysis was based on 13 terminal taxa and 67 characters, which 65 were morphological and two behavioral. The outgroups were selected based on the diversity of taxa and the availability of material for dissection. The exhaustive search with equally weighted characters found one most parcimounious tree with 95 steps. The topology recovered the genus Spirachtha Schiødte, 1853 as sister group of Corotoca, with seven changes, which six are unique synapomorphies and one homoplastic synapomorphie. The genus Corotoca is monophyletic and it is sustained by six changes, which four are unique synapomorphies and two homoplastic synapomorphies. There are six species associated with Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Silvestri, 1901): Corotoca araujoi Seevers, 1957, Corotoca dawkinsi sp. nov., Corotoca fontesi Zilberman, 2018, Corotoca hitchensi sp. nov., Corotoca melantho Schiødte, 1853, Corotoca phylo Schiødte, 1853. A new genus was established, Cavifronexus, to include a species of Corotoca previous described for Guiana, and a new species, Cavifronexus guyanae (Mann, 1923) (new combination) and Cavifronexus papaveroi sp. nov. respectively. Three new species were described and the remaining species redescribed, with key and illustration for all the species of both genera presented. This work also provides behavioral notes and a study of the life cycle of the genus Corotoca.

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Lopes, Peterson Lasaro. "Taxonomia e análise cladística de Oligocorynus Chevrolat, 1836 sensu Alvarenga (1994) (Coleoptera, Erotylidae, Erotylinae, Erotylini)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-08072009-093526/.

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O presente trabalho trata da taxonomia das espécies do gênero Oligocorynus Chevrolat, 1836 sensu Alvarenga (1994) (Erotylinae, Erotylini), inicialmente com 23 espécies, distribuídas do norte da Argentina ao centro-norte do México. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo morfológico detalhado de todas as espécies, incluindo aspectos de coloração. Novos caracteres diagnósticos foram obtidos, e com isso foram descritas duas novas espécies para o gênero Oligocorynus , duas sinonimizadas (O. trizonatus com O. peregrinus e O. limbatus com Bacis nigropictus ) e uma revalidada (O. xanthomelas ). O gênero, temporariamente, fica constituído por 24 espécies: O. buckleyi (Crotch, 1876), O. cacicus (Lacordaire, 1842), O. cinctus (Herbst, 1799), O. convexiusculus (Crotch, 1876), O. convexus (Crotch, 1876), O. duodecimmaculatus (Kuhnt, 1910), O. erythrogonus (Crotch, 1876), O. fractus (Crotch, 1876), O. hybridus (Erichson, 1847), O. indicus (Herbst, 1799), O. jansoni (Crotch, 1873), O. melanoderes (Kuhnt, 1910), O. militarioides (Mader, 1942), O. militaris (Germar, 1824), O. nigrotaeniatus (Lacordaire, 1842), O. nigrotibialis Demay, 1838, O. peruvianus (Mader, 1942), O. rugipunctatus (Crotch, 1876), O. thoracicus Gistel, 1848, O. trizonatus (Germar, 1824), O. xanthomelas (Lacordaire, 1842), O. zebra (Fabricius, 1787), O. sp.n.3, e O. sp.n.4, das quais O. nigrotibialis e O. thoracicus não foram examinadas. A comparação e criteriosas análises cladísticas envolvendo dados morfológicos discretos, morfométricos e dados provenientes de um novo método para codificação de coloração (para um total de 528 observações), associadas a uma ampla amostragem taxonômica da família (57 táxons: 35 no grupo-externo e 22 no interno), proporcionaram um bom indício de que Oligocorynus não é monofilético, embora ainda seja cedo para se inferir qual a exata posição na família de suas espécies. Além disso, são apresentados uma chave de identificação para as 24 espécies no momento pertencentes ao gênero e mapas com a distribuição geográfica do gênero como um todo e de cada uma das espécies.
This study reviews the taxonomy of the species of Oligocorynus Chevrolat, 1836 sensu Alvarenga (1994) (Erotylinae, Erotylini), previously with 23 species, distributed from north Argentina to north center of Mexico. A detailed study of all species was accomplished, including aspects of coloration. New diagnostic characters were found, and with this, two new species have been described for the genus Oligocorynus , two synonymized (O. trizonatus with O. peregrinus and O. limbatus with Bacis nigropictus ) and one raised from synonymy to full species status (O. xanthomelas ). The genus, temporarily, is composed of 24 species: O. buckleyi (Crotch, 1876), O. cacicus (Lacordaire, 1842), O. cinctus (Herbst, 1799), O. convexiusculus (Crotch, 1876), O. convexus (Crotch, 1876), O. duodecimmaculatus (Kuhnt, 1910), O. erythrogonus (Crotch, 1876), O. fractus (Crotch, 1876), O. hybridus (Erichson, 1847), O. indicus (Herbst, 1799), O. jansoni (Crotch, 1873), O. melanoderes (Kuhnt, 1910), O. militarioides (Mader, 1942), O. militaris (Germar, 1824), O. nigrotaeniatus (Lacordaire, 1842), O. nigrotibialis Demay, 1838, O. peruvianus (Mader, 1942), O. rugipunctatus (Crotch, 1876), O. thoracicus Gistel, 1848, O. trizonatus (Germar, 1824), O. xanthomelas (Lacordaire, 1842), O. zebra (Fabricius, 1787), and two new species, of which O. nigrotibialis and O. thoracicus have not been examined. The comparison and solid cladistic analyses with discrete and morphometric data, and data obtained from a new coding method for coloration (for a total of 528 observations), associated with a wide taxonomic sampling of the family (57 taxa: 35 in the outgroup and 22 in the inner group), provide a good indication that Oligocorynus is not monophyletic. Further analysis of outgroup genera is needed to infer the exact position of the presently included species. An identification key is presented for the 24 species presently considered to be Oligocorynus , as well as maps with the geographical distribution of the genus as a whole and every species.

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Birindelli, José Luís Olivan. "Relações filogenéticas da superfamília Doradoidea (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-24092010-085722/.

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A superfamília Doradoidea (Siluriformes) é composta por duas famílias Neotropicais: Doradidae e Auchenipteridae. A relação de grupo irmão entre essas famílias foi bem corroborada por estudos prévios baseados em dados morfológicos e moleculares. As relações filogenéticas entre gêneros e espécies de Doradoidea foram parcialmente estudadas por alguns autores. Contudo, as relações filogenéticas entre a superfamília Doradoidea e os demais Siluriformes, e entre vários dos gêneros e espécies de Doradidae e Auchenipteridae permanecem controvérsias. O objetivo dessa tese é estudar as relações entre espécies e gêneros da superfamília Doradoidea, e o posicionamento dela entre as demais famílias de Siluriformes. Para isso, realizei uma análise filogenética extensa incluindo a maioria das espécies de Doradidae, 21 dos 22 gêneros de Auchenipteridae, e representantes de outras 16 famílias de Siluriformes. Para cada um desses táxons, 328 caracteres foram descritos, ilustrados e discutidos com base nos estudos prévios de outros autores. A análise de parcimônia resultou em quatro árvores igualmente parcimoniosas com 1086 passos. Em todas as árvores, a superfamília Doradoidea foi considerada como grupo irmão da família africana Mochokidae, que juntas formam a subordem Doradoidei. O monofiletimo da superfamília Doradoidea e da subordem Doradoidei foi corroborado por nove e cinco sinapomorfias exclusivas, respectivamente. Seis sinapomorfias não exclusivas serviram de suporte para a relação entre Doradoidei e um clado formado por pela família africana Amphiliidae e pela superfamília asiática/neotropical Sisoroidea. O monofiletismo das famílias Auchenipteridae e Doradidae foi corroborado por uma série de cinco e três caracteres exclusivos, respectivamente. As espécies da família Auchenipteridae foram classificadas em duas subfamílias: Centromochlinae e Auchenipterinae, esta última composta por cinco gêneros (Asterophysus, Liosomadoras, Tocantinsia, (Pseudotatia, Pseudauchenipterus)), e duas tribos relacionadas entre si: Auchenipterini e Trachelyopterini. Wertheimeria e Kalyptodoras foram consideradas relacionadas entre si, formando o clado irmão dos demais doradídeos; e Franciscodoras foi considerado como a segunda linhagem mais basal da família. Os gêneros Acanthodoras e Agamyxis foram encontrados como relacionados às espécies da subfamília Astrodoradinae. Platydoras e Centrochir foram considerados como irmãos da subfamília Doradinae, esta última dividida em três tribos: Pterodoradini, Rhinodoradini e Doradini. Oxydoras foi considerado táxon irmão dos doradídeos de barbilhões fimbriados. O gênero Hemidoras foi considerado sinônimo júnior de Opsodoras. As espécies Nemadoras leporhinus, N. trimaculatus e Opsodoras ternetzi foram consideradas como mais relaciondas a Hassar, Anduzedoras e Leptodoras, do que aos seus congêneres. Um resumo sistemático com diagnose de cada gênero, tribo, subfamília e família da superfamília Doradoidea foi elaborado, bem como uma chave de identificação para todos os gêneros do grupo.
The superfamily Doradoidea (Siluriformes) is composed of two Neotropicalendemic families: Doradidae and Auchenipteridae. The sister-group relationship between these families has been corroborated by previous studies of both morphological and molecular data. Previous studies have also provided support for evolutionary relationships between doradoid genera and species. However, relationships between the superfamily Doradoidea and remaining Siluriformes, and between several genera of Doradidae and Auchenipteridae remain controversial. The aim of my study is to recover evolutionary relationships between genera and species of the superfamily Doradoidea, and to find support for its position within Siluriformes. To accomplish this, I performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis including a majority of the Doradidae species, 21 of 22 genera of Auchenipteridae, and representatives of another 16 families of Siluriformes. For each of these taxa, I described, illustrated, or discussed 328 characters, most of which were gathered from several previous studies by other authors. Parsimony analysis of these characters resulted in four equally parsimonious trees with 1086 steps. In all trees, the superfamily Doradoidea was recovered as sister to the Africa-endemic family Mochokidae, together forming the suborder Doradoidei. Monophylies of the superfamily Doradoidea and suborder Doradoidei were respectively corroborated by nine and five exclusive synapomorphies. Six non-exclusive synapomorphies supported Doradoidei as sister to a clade composed of the Africa-endemic Amphiliidae and the Asia/Neotropical-endemic Sisoroidea. Monophylies of the families Auchenipteridae and Doradidae were also corroborated by sets of five and three characters, respectively. The family Auchenipteridae was found to be composed of two subfamilies: Centromochlinae and Auchenipterinae, the latter comprising five genera (Asterophysus, Liosomadoras, Tocantinsia, (Pseudotatia, Pseudauchenipterus)), and two related tribes: Auchenipterini and Trachelyopterini. Wertheimeria and Kalyptodoras were recovered together as a clade sister to all other doradids; and Franciscodoras was recovered as the second basal-most lineage of the family. The genera Acanthodoras and Agamyxis were recovered within the species of the subfamily Astrodoradinae. Platydoras and Centrochir were recovered as sister to the subfamily Doradinae, which comprised three tribes: Pterodoradini, Rhinodoradini and Doradini. Oxydoras was recovered as sister to all fimbriate-barbeled doradids. The genus Hemidoras was considered a junior synonym of Opsodoras. The species Nemadoras leporhinus, N. trimaculatus and Opsodoras ternetzi were recovered as more closely related to Hassar, Anduzedoras and Leptodoras, than to their congeners. A systematic summary with diagnoses of every genus, tribe, subfamily, and family of the superfamily Doradoidea is provided, as well as an artificial key allowing identification of all genera of the group.

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38

Dehling, Jonas Maximilian [Verfasser]. "Taxonomy, systematics, and ecology of selected amphibian taxa from Rwanda / Jonas Maximilian Dehling." Koblenz : Universitätsbibliothek Koblenz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054354693/34.

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Cochrane, Sabine J. "Taxonomy and systematics of selected marine soft-bottom fan-worms (Polychaeta: Sabellidae: Sabellinae)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7112.

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The main descriptive characters of sabellid polychaetes are presented. Easily misunderstood morphological features are clarified by a series of schematic drawings. The importance of scale is emphasised and some aspects of population ecology and reproduction are addressed. An introduction to Euchone Malmgren (Polychaeta: Sabellidae: Sabellinae) is given and the diagnostic character is discussed. A new taxon, Euchone x, is described from the North Sea and Northern Norwegian Sea. Jasmineira candela Grube from the Adriatic Sea is redescribed and Jasmineira oculata Langerhans from Atlantic waters is reinstated. Some little-known records of Chone in Northern Atlantic waters are presented and one anomalous taxon is described. A historical overview of sabellid systematics is given. Because the binomial system of taxonomic nomenclature still used today was devised more than a century before evolutionary thinking, finds of organisms that do not 'fit' into the traditional systematic hierarchy are not unexpected. An introduction to phylogenetic systematics is given and some current issues are discussed. The concept of phylogenetic taxonomy is introduced. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out of taxa mainly within Euchone with some members of Chone, Jasmineira and Amphicorina. Euchone sensu Malmgren is revealed as being an artificial taxon. Five taxa previously assigned to Euchone are recognised as a discrete sister group to Chone, Euchone and Jasmineira. The data set is further used to demonstrate how phylogenetic taxonomy might be applied to the study group of organisms. Some behavioural observations were made on captive live specimens of Euchone x and the ecological implications are discussed. Some observations are provided on its reproduction and an enigmatic parasitic organism found within the radiolar crown is investigated. Although several important aspects of the taxonomy of the group were resolved, there remain many future challenges in the taxonomy and systematics of soft-bottom sabellin fan worms.

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Smith, Helen Motum. "The systematics and biology of the genus Poltys (Araneae: Araneidae) in Australasia." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2058.

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Doctor of Philosophy
The genus Poltys C.L. Koch is revised for Australia and partly examined for the wider Australasian region. Five of the ten species originally described from Australia are found to be synonymous with South East Asian species, a further three are synonymous with an Australian species and four which were previously overlooked are newly described, resulting in a total of eight current species recorded from Australia. Poltys coronatus Keyserling, P. keyserlingi Keyserling, P. multituberculatus Rainbow and P. penicillatus Rainbow are synonymised with P. illepidus C.L. Koch; P. microtuberculatus Rainbow is synonymised with P. stygius Thorell; P. bimaculatus Keyserling, P. mammeatus Keyserling and P. salebrosus Rainbow are synonymised with P. laciniosus Keyserling; P. sigillatus Chrysanthus from New Guinea is synonymised with P. frenchi Hogg. Five new species are described, four from Australia, P. grayi sp.nov., P. jujorum sp.nov., P. milledgei sp.nov. and P. noblei sp.nov., and P. timmeh sp.nov. from New Caledonia. A checklist of all Poltys types described from the region, including illustrations, is included. The delimitation of the Australian species is aided and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Sequences from two genes and morphological characters are used to reconstruct a phylogeny of the Australian species. The generic relationships of Poltys are examined in the context of the putative tribe Poltyini (Simon, 1895). No firm conclusions about the relationships of Poltys can be made, however the results indicate that the Poltyini is polyphyletic. The results of field studies are presented; these indicate that P. noblei is less likely to move between web sites than diurnal taxa referenced from other studies. Specimens were shown to sometimes occupy the same, or a closely adjacent web site, for over eight months. Spiders most often move during spring and summer but often remain in the same site throughout winter. Specimens of Poltys noblei are also shown to be unevenly distributed on trees and bushes in respect to aspect and position. It is suggested that these observations indicate the importance of camouflage to deter wasp and bird predators. Specimens of several Poltys species were reared from egg sacs, confirming male–female identification and showing the variation in abdominal shape between siblings. Growth data indicate that sibling males and females cannot normally interbreed; males mature after 2–4 moults, females after 8–11 moults. Field and cage observations of general aspects of Poltys biology are presented including preferred habitat, prey capture and handling, courtship and mating, competition and web construction.

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Nymark, Marianne Kristine. "Taxonomy of the Rufous-naped lark (Mirafra africana) complex based on song analysis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-435322.

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The Rufous-naped lark Mirafra africana complex consists of 22 subspecies spread across the African continent. Several of the subspecies have recently been suggested to potentially be treated as separate species. In this study a comparative analysis was done on the song from seven of the subspecies: M. a. africana, M. a. athi, M. a. grisescens, M. a. kabalii, M. a. nyikae, M. a. transvaalensis and M. a. tropicalis. The results showed that M. a. athi, M. a. kabalii and M. a. nyikae are all very divergent from each other as well as from the other four subspecies. In contrast, M. a. tropicalis, M. a. grisescens, M. a. africana and M. a. transvaalensis are not clearly separable from each other. Based on the results, I suggest that M. a. athi, M. a. kabalii and M. a. nyikae can be classified as separate species, with M. a. africana, M. a. tropicalis, M. a grisescens and M. a. transvaalensis forming a fourth species (M. africana sensu stricto). Finally, I conclude that this study shows that more studies need to be done on the subspecies of the Mirafra africana complex.

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Ras, Verena. "Towards an unravelling of the taxonomy of Chrysaora (Scyphozoa; Semaeostomeae; Pelagiidae) from around South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5665.

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Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) - MSc (Biodiv and Cons Biol)
Historically, two species of Chrysaora are known from the Benguela Current Ecosystem: C.fulgida (Reynaud 1830) and C. africana (Vanhöffen 1902). However a third morphotype is now seen, which bears a resemblance to both. Thus a complete qualitative and quantitative analysis of the morphometric and meristic data of these three species was conducted, along with an in depth study into the cnidome as a potential tool of identification. These findings are supplemented by a genetic analysis using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and internal transcribed spacer 1 gene markers. Three species were unambiguously identified. The genetics and morphology showed considerable divergence, with some of the features used to separate them including: tentacle number and shape, colouration and shape of the oral arm, shape of the gastrovascular pouches and the number and shape of the marginal lappets. Although the mtDNA indicated clear separation of the three Chrysaora, the nucDNA displayed some ambiguity. The cnidome showed considerable divergence and succeeded in separating these species, while the rhopalia of the three species also showed distinct differences in the lengths of the rhopalal canals and basal stems. Much of the confusion surrounding jellyfish taxonomy has been the result of observations made on predominantly preserved specimens that are in subpar quality, a hinderence which this study endeavored to overcome.
National Research Foundation (NRF)

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Cordie, David Russell. "Scleractinia soft tissue systematics : use of histological characters in coral taxonomy and phylogenetic reconstruction." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1574.

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Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world and provide economic value as well as biodiversity stability. Yet, these ecosystems are threatened from human degradation and climate change. Phylogenetic reconstructions can help identify which species have a potential to undergo greater amounts of change in the near future and also aids in determining evolutionary distinctiveness, which are critical components of conservation management. However, traditional Scleractinia morphological characters have been shown to have limited taxonomic use. Therefore, this study attempts to discover soft tissue characters to produce more robust phylogenies. Eight coral species from the Indo-Pacific families Merulinidae and Lobophylliidae were mail ordered and prepared for histological analysis under light microscopy. A character matrix was analyzed and the results were compared to phylogenies based on skeletal and molecular data. A total of seven MPTs of length 35, C.I. 0.60 and R.I. 0.58 were found. In addition, a detailed description of the histology is included. The topology of MPTs was inconsistent, but several were broadly similar to previous phylogenies based on molecular and skeletal data. Still, using only a small number of characters, the results do promise that histological characters in conjunction with skeletal characters could better delineate species and their evolutionary history. Future results could aid in making conservation decisions based on improved phylogenies.

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Forshage, Mattias. "Systematics of Eucoilini : Exploring the diversity of a poorly known group of Cynipoid parasitic wasps." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Systematisk biologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-109400.

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Many animal species are still undiscovered, even in Sweden. This thesis deals with the wasps of the subfamily Eucoilinae (of Figitidae, Cynipoidea), a poorly known group of small parasitoids of Dipteran flies. In this group, old classifications are chaotic, knowledge of old taxa is scant, phylogenetic work has recently started, and many new taxa remain to be described. In this thesis, an identification key is given to the European genera of Eucolinae, and a tribal classification of the subfamily is reintroduced, based on recent phylogenetic results. Most of the thesis focuses on the tribe Eucoilini. That tribe is analyzed phylogenetically in two analyses, one based on a large morphological dataset, the other on two molecular markers, ribosomal 28S and mitochondrial Cytochrome B. The monophyletic core group of Eucoilini is the Eucoila/Trybliographa complex. It is treated in a big taxonomic revision, based on studies of several hundred possibly relevant type specimens and several thousands of other specimens, and on the phylogenetic analyses. More than 500 names of possible members of this group are investigated, and many new combinations are proposed, of species found not to belong within the group, as well as those that did, including some which are transferred to other genera in accordance with the new phylogenetic results. The new genus Quasimodoana is erected, and 20 new species described (8 from Northern Europe, 12 from elsewhere). More than 180 new combinations, more than 50 new species-level synonyms and ca 10 genus-level synonyms, are proposed. Within this complex, the basal split is found to have been between a Paleotropic, specis-poor lineage (Bothrochacis), and a species-rich and largely Holarctic lineage, dominated by Trybliographa but also including the small genera Eucoila and Linoeucoila. The three are not satisfactorily resolved in the analysis, but still maintained as separate genera for pragmatic reasons. It is hypothesized that this group originated in Asia during the Eocene or Oligocene, attacking calyptrate flies in herbivore dung. Then it separated in a tropical branch retaining the ancestral life history mode, and a Holarctic branch, where some lineages specialised in Anthomyiidae and colonised the microhabitats of fungi and plants, speciating extensively in the boreal forests.

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Fiaschi, Pedro. "Systematics and Biogeography of the Didymopanax group of Schefflera (Araliaceae)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/23.

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Schefflera is the largest genus in the angiosperm family Araliaceae, with about 900 species, of which c. 300 belong to five subgeneric groups in the Neotropical region. Previous phylogenetic studies of Schefflera have been limited to a small number of species from this region, and very little is know about phylogenetic relationships in the Brazilian-centered Didymopanax group of this genus. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the diversity and evolution of the Didymopanax group of Schefflera, I investigated the systematics of these plants in the broader context of the entire Neotropical clade. The main goals were (1) to investigate pollen diversity in Neotropical species of Schefflera; (2) to test the monophyly of these species; (3) to provide a taxonomic revision for species of the Didymopanax group of Schefflera; and (4) to investigate evolutionary relationships within the Didymopanax group. Pollen morphology exhibits an uneven variability across Neotropical Schefflera. For example, pollen characters support the distinctiveness of the Didymopanax group from all remaining groups. Moreover, S. tremula has a distinctive pollen morphology compared to remaining species of the Sciodaphyllum group. However, among the remaining groups of Neotropical Schefflera, pollen characters are less distinctive. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have confirmed the monophyly of the Neotropical species of Schefflera, and helped to identify four major clades. One of these clades includes subclades representing the Didymopanax and Crepinella groups, while another clade includes all species from groups Cotylanthes and Sciodaphyllum, excluding Schefflera tremula, a finding that corroborates pollen data. In the formal taxonomic revision of Didymopanax, 37 species are recognized, together with three insufficiently known species. The revision also includes updated species circumscriptions and nomenclatural adjustments for 26 names. Phylogenetic analyses among Didymopanax species recovered four morphologically and geographically coherent clades (Atlantic Forest, Imeri, Five-carpellate and Savannic clades), but their phylogenetic inter-relationships were generally weakly supported. Poorly resolved relationships in the Savannic clade suggests a rapid diversification in the campos rupestres vegetation, which accounts for the greatest species richness in the group. The presence of multiple Didymopanax lineages in the Amazonian and Atlantic forests corroborates that these regions may be composite biogeographic areas.

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Davis, Daniel J. "The phylogenetics of Tachinidae (Insecta: Diptera) with an emphasis on subfamily structure." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1357414082.

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Hall, Kathryn Ann. "The taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary biology of the Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929 (1918) (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17993.pdf.

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Heads, Sam William. "Studies on the taxonomy and systematics of Orthoptera with particular reference to fossil taxa." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500345.

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The study of fossil Orthoptera has lagged far behind that of other insect orders and has been hindered by the lack of rigorous phylogenetic analyses. The present thesis is concerned primarily with the description of several important new fossil Orthoptera, particularly those preserved in Burmese and Dominican amber and those from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation Lagerstatte of northeast Brazil. The aims of this thesis are two-fold: (1) to address the importance of fossil taxa to the higher systematics and phylogeny of living orthopteran groups; and (2) to establish the need for an integrated approach to orthopteran systematics, with studies incorporating both fossil and living taxa and carried out within a phylogenetic context.

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McCarthy, Ian Paul. "The development of a manufacturing classification using concepts from organisational systematics and biological taxonomy." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394438.

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50

Reddy, Mageshnee Mayshree. "Taxonomy and systematics of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta) in South Africa using an integrative approach." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29434.

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The Bangiales is a globally distributed red algal order that is best known for its economic value in the nori industry. The morphological simplicity of the Bangiales offers limited distinguishing characters for taxonomy and the order was therefore broadly classified into two genera based on morphology: the bladed Porphyra and filamentous Bangia. However, in 2011, a taxonomic revision of the Bangiales based on a two-gene phylogeny identified 15 genera. Since then, an additional bladed genus and numerous species have been added to the order. The Bangiales were first recorded in South Africa in 1843 when Porphyra capensis Kützing was described. Since then several changes have been made to the bangialean flora of South Africa with many new species discovered based on morphological identification. In 2004, a preliminary molecular assessment of Poprhyra along the South African coast revealed far greater species diversity than previously recorded. Following the taxonomic revision by Sutherland et al. (2011), some species from South Africa have been transferred to the genus Pyropia, others remain in Porphyra and many others have not yet been re-assessed. At present, three genera; the filamentous, Bangia and the bladed Porphyra and Pyropia have been recorded in South Africa, and comprise numerous species (based on morphology) and molecular entities. In the present study a comprehensive collection of newly collected and herbarium specimens (collectively ca. 300 specimens from ca. 50 sites) of the Bangiales from South Africa was analysed. A total of 241 sequences were generated for three unlinked loci (nSSU, rbcL & cox1). Taxa were identified or delimited via an integrative taxonomic approach using molecular, morpho-anatomical and ecological data. Species were delimited using three DNA-based species delimitation methods (ABGD, GMYC, PTP) applied to the mitochondrial gene cox1 (n=203) and the plastid gene rbcL (n=80). A multigene phylogeny was also constructed (nSSU, rbcL & cox1) and used to delimit species. Subsequent morpho-anatomical analyses complemented with ecological data and herbarium specimens (South Africa and Namibia) showed that 16 species in three genera (11 Porphyra, four Pyropia and one Bangia) are present along the South African coast. Morpho-anatomical characters of two species with uncertain taxonomic status were consistent with the descriptions of two widespread species, Bangia cf. fuscopurpurea and Py. cf. suborbiculata but remain to be confirmed using a molecular approach. In addition, two new species, Pyropia meridionalis sp. nov. and Porphyra agulhensis sp. nov. were described. Pyropia meridionalis is a kelp-associated species that is commonly found on the kelp limpet, Cymbula compressa, or on the stipes of Ecklonia maxima, and rarely on other species of southern African kelp, Laminaria pallida and E. radiata or other algae. This species occurs along the southwest and west coast of South Africa throughout the year, but may extend to Namibia. Pyropia meridionalis was shown to be previously misidentified as Py. gardneri in South Africa. This species was not closely related to other southern African endemic species of Pyropia, suggesting that species colonized and spread along this coastline independently. Nevertheless, most species shared close genetic affinities to other Southern Hemisphere taxa. This supports the notion of historic connectivity in the Southern Ocean proposed for red algae. Porphyra agulhensis is characterized by delicate laciniate rosette blades and a distinct greenish to pale pinkish-purple colour. This species was shown to be historically misidentified as P. capensis and is restricted to the Agulhas Marine Province on the south coast of South Africa. It includes one cryptic species (RSAj). The remaining eight molecular species of Porphyra formed a monophyletic group and occurred along the Benguela Marine Province on the west coast of South Africa. No single morpho-anatomical or ecological character could distinguish between these molecular species. Despite overlapping conventional morpho-anatomical or ecological characters among cryptic species, all features were within the range of the current description of P. capensis and were therefore referred to as the P. capensis cryptic species complex (PCC). High genetic diversity and several major lineages were identified in the PCC along the Benguela Marine Province. Conversely, the Porphyra agulhensis cryptic species duo along the Agulhas Marine Province presented low levels of genetic variation with ca. 70% of individuals belonging to a single haplotype group. Genetic diversity within Porphyra in South Africa was higher on the west coast of South Africa than on the south coast and the region between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point was identified as a region of major biogeographic change. Historic and contemporary processes, which likely shape present-day genetic patterns in South African Porphyra, are discussed. Similar to Pyropia, species of Porphyra from South Africa shared a close phylogenetic affinity with some Chilean bladed Bangiales, providing further support for historic connectivity in these red algae in the Southern Ocean. South Africa is now home to the second highest number of species of Porphyra in the world and shares three species of Pyropia with Namibia (based on morphological identification). All species identified using molecular sequences appear to be endemic to South Africa or southern Africa. The extensive genetic diversity found along the South African coast compares well with other Southern Hemisphere countries, such as Chile and New Zealand. The Southern Hemisphere has been suggested as the origin and centre of diversity for the Bangiales, but still remains relatively unexplored, and further investigations are likely to yield further species and species links.

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