Relevant bibliographies by topics / Taxs protests and appeals

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Taxs protests and appeals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Taxs protests and appeals"

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Loose, Ann A., David C. Williams, and Dennis L. Schweitzer. "The public's last chance—protests and appeals to federal land management plans." Society & Natural Resources 1, no. 1 (January 1988): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941928809380667.

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Niesz, Tricia. "When teachers become activists." Phi Delta Kappan 99, no. 8 (April 30, 2018): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721718775674.

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Teacher activist groups (TAGs), which are formed both locally and through online communities, appear to be a growing force in response to the more corporate-driven reform movement of recent decades. The author explains how TAGs seek to influence education policy and practice through organized collective actions, such as protests, letter-writing campaigns, and alliances with like-minded groups. In addition, TAGs promote professional learning through workshops, book clubs, and inquiry groups.
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Grover, Chris. "Social Protest in 2011: Material and Cultural Aspects of Economic Inequalities." Sociological Research Online 16, no. 4 (December 2011): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2538.

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The wave of social protest that swept across England in August 2011 has predominantly been explained by political elites through appeals to various approaches that have in common individualistic frameworks of reference. Issues related to the material condition of society are either little analysed or, among the political elite, ruled out as an explanation of the protests. However, it is clear from both the historical literature on social protest and the contemporary literature on relationships between crime and inequality that explanations ignoring inequalities, particularly economic inequalities, are problematic.
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Christensen, Line Kikkenborg. "Freedom of Speech and Silent Youth Protest in Bhutan." South Asia Research 37, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728016675523.

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This article suggests that a political censorship regime exists in Bhutan and that appeals to ensure security and sovereignty of the country, rather than power, are used to uphold this regime. Fieldwork uncovers that fear of how authorities may punish anyone in open opposition is widespread among Bhutanese college students. A number of political issues are characterised as ‘sensitive’ by informants and skilful navigation around them is needed. The perception of free speech as limited inspires self-censorship in public and in private among Bhutanese college students. Free speech is practised in culturally specific ways and online, where anonymous opposition against the established correct ‘non-discourse’ is known as ‘silent protests’.
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Lyall, Jason M. K. "Pocket Protests: Rhetorical Coercion and the Micropolitics of Collective Action in Semiauthoritarian Regimes." World Politics 58, no. 3 (April 2006): 378–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2007.0003.

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This article examines how repression in semiauthoritarian regimes affects collective action by comparing antiwar protesting during Russia's first (1994–96) and second (1999–) Chechen wars. Vladimir Putin's creeping authoritarianism acts as a "natural experiment" where we can study collective action before, during, and after the introduction of restrictive measures. Two key findings emerge. First, despite the Kremlin's increasingly heavy hand, antiwar actions have grown in size and frequency over the course of Putin's tenure. Second, the movement's failure to replicate its Yeltsin-era success in forcing a peace, albeit temporary, in Chechnya is due to organizational culture, not state repression. Indeed, the antiwar movement's prevailing cultural norms have undercut mobilization by locking activists into using symbolic appeals that ring hollow among Russians. Activists are thus unable to wield latent antiwar sentiment as a cudgel to entrap the Kremlin into reversing course. This argument is supported by a protest data set, primary documents, interviews, and participant observation.
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Braswell, W. Evan, José A. Andrés, Luana S. Maroja, Richard G. Harrison, Daniel J. Howard, and Willie J. Swanson. "Identification and comparative analysis of accessory gland proteins in Orthoptera." Genome 49, no. 9 (September 2006): 1069–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-061.

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Accessory reproductive gland proteins (Acps) in Drosophila evolve quickly and appear to play an important role in ensuring the fertilization success of males. Moreover, Acps are thought to be involved in establishing barriers to fertilization between closely related species. While accessory glands are known to occur in the males of many insect groups, the proteins that are passed on to females by males during mating have not been well characterized outside of Drosophila. To gain a better understanding of these proteins, we characterized ESTs from the accessory glands of two cricket species, Allonemobius fasciatus and Gryllus firmus. Using an expressed sequence tag (EST) approach, followed by bioinformatic and evolutionary analyses, we found that many proteins are secreted and, therefore, available for transfer to the female during mating. Further, we found that most ESTs are novel, showing little sequence similarity between taxa. Evolutionary analyses suggest that cricket proteins are subject to diversifying selection and indicate that Allonemobius is much less polymorphic than Gryllus. Despite rapid nucleotide sequence divergence, there appears to be functional conservation of protein classes among Drosophila and cricket taxa.
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Liu, Jun. "Mobile phones, social ties and collective action mobilization in China." Acta Sociologica 60, no. 3 (July 24, 2016): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699316660596.

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To provide a better understanding of mobile phones as a recruitment tool in collective actions, this study explores the use of mobile phones for mobilizing protest in China. Using in-depth interviews and investigating four cases in which Chinese people employed mobile devices to recruit participants for protests, this study observes that mobile communication in China embodies guanxi, the indigenous social tie in Chinese society that introduces reciprocity as an influential facilitator of collective actions. The embedment of reciprocity facilitates the proliferation of mobilizing calls, legitimizes mobilizing appeals, generates obligations and consolidates solidarity for collective actions. The study concludes with a consideration of the relevance of mobile phones for the embedment of reciprocity in social ties in the mobilization of collective action in authoritarian regimes such as China.
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SHEREIKIS, REBECCA. "FROM LAW TO CUSTOM: THE SHIFTING LEGAL STATUS OF MUSLIM ORIGINAIRES IN KAYES AND MEDINE, 1903–13." Journal of African History 42, no. 2 (July 2001): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853701007903.

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In the early colonial period the frontier towns of Kayes and Medine on the Upper Senegal River were home to a community of Muslim originaires of the four communes of Senegal. The article examines this group's efforts to establish and maintain a Muslim tribunal in Kayes, thus preserving a space for their privilege and identity within the French colonial system. But while their appeals to the colonial administration were successful in 1905, a 1912 revision of the legal system took away their privilege and made Muslim originaires constituents of native courts. The article provides context for understanding the Muslims' protests, as well as the administration's changing attitudes towards them. Whereas much of the literature on the originaires has focused on their status as assimilated Africans with voting rights, this article calls attention to their identity as Muslims.
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Paret, Marcel. "The community strike: From precarity to militant organizing." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 61, no. 2-3 (November 16, 2018): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715218810769.

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How do insecure layers of the working class resist when they lack access to power and organization at the workplace? The community strike represents one possible approach. Whereas traditional workplace strikes target employers and exercise power by withholding labor, community strikes focus on the sphere of reproduction, target the state, and build power through moral appeals and disruptions of public space. Drawing on ethnography and interviews in the impoverished Black townships and informal settlements around Johannesburg, I illustrate this approach by examining widespread local protests in South Africa. Insecurely employed and unemployed residents implemented community strikes by demanding public services, barricading roads and destroying property, and boycotting activities such as work and school. Within these local revolts, community represented both a site of struggle and a collective actor. While community strikes enabled economically insecure groups to mobilize and make demands, they also confronted significant limits, including tensions between protesters and workers.
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Andreev, Alexandr Nikolaevich, and Yulia Sergeevna Andreeva. "Reunification of the Uniates of Malorossiya (Ukraine) and Belarus with the Russian Orthodox Church: A View from Inside (Based on Memoirs of the Late 18th Century)." Bogoslovni vestnik 79, no. 1 (May 2019): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34291/bv2019/01/andreev.

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The purpose of this article is to provide an objective study of the process of the return of the Uniates (Greek Catholics) to the Russian Orthodox Church in lands which departed from the Polish Commonwealth to the Russian Empire. Historiography has strengthened the view that the transitions of the Uniates to Orthodoxy have always been voluntary and even desirable. At the same time, historians utilized numerical data on conversions to Orthodoxy, very rarely utilizing primary sources. The analysis of memoirs (the writings of government officials on whom the implementation of the policy of religious appeals depended) undertaken in this article, shows that, in fact, there were protests from the Uniate population against violent Orthodoxy. The systemic approach (the method of structural systematization) is utilized in our work, making it possible to examine interconfessional relationships both from the positions of representatives of the authorities and from the Uniate community.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Taxs protests and appeals"

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Rivero-Zanatta, Alonso André. "Implementación de auditoría con enfoque basado en riesgos en el proceso de atención de reclamos de una entidad financiera." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2016. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/3173.

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Ante la necesidad de establecer una adecuada evaluación de la gestión de riesgos para una mejor comprensión de los procesos operativos, financieros y comerciales en el negocio, una metodología para el ejercicio de la función de auditoría interna con enfoque basado en riesgos permitirá a la compañía el logro de los objetivos planteados. Dicha metodología se alinea a los estándares establecidos en las normas internacionales para el ejercicio profesional de la auditoría interna emitidos por el instituto de auditores internos (IAI).
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Paparesta, Michael P. "Understanding the Impact of the Property Tax Appeal Process on Assessment Uniformity: Procedures, Structures, and Outcomes." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2252.

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Property taxes serve as a vital revenue source for local governments. The revenues derived from the property tax function as the primary funding source for a variety of critical local public service systems. Property tax appeal systems serve as quasi-administrative-judicial mechanisms intended to assure the public that property tax assessments are correct, fair, and equitable. Despite these important functions, there is a paucity of empirical research related to property tax appeal systems. This study contributes to property tax literature by identifying who participates in the property tax appeal process and examining their motivations for participation. In addition, the study sought to determine whether patterns of use and success in appeal systems affected the distribution of the tax burden. Data were collected by means of a survey distributed to single-family property owners from two Florida counties. In addition, state and county documents were analyzed to determine appeal patterns and examine the impact on assessment uniformity, over a three-year period. The survey data provided contextual evidence that single-family property owners are not as troubled by property taxes as they are by the conduct of local government officials. The analyses of the decision to appeal indicated that more expensive properties and properties excluded from initial uniformity analyses were more likely to be appealed, while properties with homestead exemptions were less likely to be appealed. The value change analyses indicated that appeals are clustered in certain geographical areas; however, these areas do not always experience a greater percentage of the value changes. Interestingly, professional representation did not increase the probability of obtaining a reduction in value. Other relationships between the variables were discovered, but often with weak predictive ability. Findings from the assessment uniformity analyses were also interesting. The results indicated that the appeals mechanisms in both counties improved assessment uniformity. On average, appealed properties exhibited greater horizontal and vertical inequities, as compared to non-appealed properties, prior to the appeals process. After, the appeal process was completed; the indicators of horizontal and vertical equity were largely improved. However, there were some indications of regressivity in the final year of the study.
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Books on the topic "Taxs protests and appeals"

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Hamilton, Penny. Hamilton on tax appeals. Haywards Heath, West Sussex: Bloomsbury Professional, 2010.

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United States. Internal Revenue Service. FY'87 appeals objectives. [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1986.

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Gustafson, Earl B. Minnesota tax appeals. St. Paul, Minn: Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1989.

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Maestro, Emelino T. The mind of a tax strategist. [Manila, Philippines]: Emelino T. Maestro, 2008.

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California. State Board of Equalization. Appeals procedures. Sacramento, Calif. (1020 N St., Sacramento 95814): California State Board of Equalization, 1988.

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California. State Board of Equalization. Appeals procedures. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California State Board of Equalization, 1993.

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California. State Board of Equalization. Appeals procedures. Sacramento, Calif. (1020 N St., Sacramento 95814): California State Board of Equalization, 1989.

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Pechler, E. B. Belastingprocesrecht. Deventer: Kluwer, 2003.

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Verna, Giuseppe. Il nuovo processo tributario: Il D.L. 546/1991 annotato e aggiornato con il D.L. 123/1996 ; le norme sulle notificazioni ; il ricorso ai centri di servizio e alla commissione tributaria centrale ; la circolare del Ministero delle finanze, n. 79/E del 28 marzo 1996 : con il commento. Milano: A. Giuffrè, 1996.

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Khavanova, I. A. Nalogovai︠a︡ zhaloba: Sravnitelʹno-pravovoe issledovanie. Moskva: I︠U︡risprudent︠s︡ii︠a︡, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Taxs protests and appeals"

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Lucchesi, John C. "Architectural organization of the genome." In Epigenetics, Nuclear Organization & Gene Function, 125–39. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831204.003.0010.

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In the nucleus, chromosomes occupy particular positions (territories) based on their size and gene content. Within each territory, chromosomes are subdivided into loops that contain mostly active or inactive genes. These loops associate, respectively, into domains called topologically associating domains (TADs). These domains are defined by binding sites present at their borders and occupied by architectural proteins that, in mammals, include CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor), cohesin complexes and TFIIIC (a transcription factor for RNA polymerase III). Enhancers and their target promoters are located within the same TAD where they are prevented from promiscuous interactions with other promoters by the presence of insulators. In Drosophila, architectural protein binding sites associate to group TADs together and form insulator bodies thought to facilitate the rare inter-TAD interactions that may bring into proximity genes that should be co-regulated. A similar situation appears to exist for regions within and between TADs that are enriched for Polycomb group (PCG) repressive complexes; grouping of these regions forms PcG bodies.
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Heinzen, James. "“Pick the Flowers while They’re in Bloom”." In The Art of the Bribe. Yale University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300175257.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 shifts the focus to bribery among law enforcement and criminal justice officials. The enormous number of arrests for nonpolitical crimes, and the influx of those cases into the courts, provides context for an upsurge of deal making in the overwhelmed legal agencies. Arrests gave rise to appeals, protests, and complaints. The sheer volume of cases created opportunity for judges and prosecutors to accept illicit gifts in exchange for reducing sentences or reviewing decisions, if they were willing to take the risk. In this sense, Stalin’s crackdown on the theft of “socialist property,” profiteering, and other economic and property crimes unexpectedly increased the prospects for offering and accepting bribes. Many petitioners, having lost confidence in the official channels, turned to potentially dangerous deals with officials.
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Ming-kin, Chu. "Contesting Political and Ideological Control." In The Politics of Higher Education, 181–209. Hong Kong University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528196.003.0007.

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Chapter 6 offers a critical analysis of the effectiveness of political and ideological control that Cai Jing imposed at government schools through a prosopographical survey of teachers and students in the Imperial University. Despite the fact that teachers were required to report the illicit deeds of students, some of them did not fully adhere to the regulations as prescribed by Cai Jing. As a result, some students were indulged to circulate prohibited works and even criticize government officials and policies, which culminated in student protests and appeals in 1126. Compared with Cai Jing’s failure, Huizong’s efforts to recruit morally upright officials proved not to be in vain after all, since some students demonstrated their loyal endeavors to save the Song in the midst of the Jurchen invasions.
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Norris, Pippa. "Introduction." In Why American Elections Are Flawed (and How to Fix Them). Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501713408.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the pervasive problems in the American electoral process. It then describes the Electoral Integrity Project (EIP). Established in 2012, the EIP is an independent project with a research team based at Harvard and Sydney universities that provides independent evidence from a rolling expert survey to document these problems and monitor how elections vary worldwide. According to expert estimates developed by EIP, the 2012 and 2014 elections in the United States were the worst among all Western democracies. Without reform, these problems risk damaging the legitimacy of American elections—further weakening public confidence in the major political parties, Congress, and the US government, depressing voter turnout, and exacerbating the risks of contentious outcomes fought through court appeals and public protests. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
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Öztürk-Göktuna, Bilge, and Mert Erinç. "Auditors in the Economy and the Impact of Rent-Seeking Behaviour and Penalties." In Emerging Applications of Differential Equations and Game Theory, 33–54. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0134-4.ch003.

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Society often relies on information disclosed by enterprises and verified by auditors to decide on an efficient allocation of capital. Auditing sector serves as a means of verification to protect investors from making decisions based on inaccurate information. However, auditors can use their superior information for extracting additional rents. This study explores an economy where entrepreneurs choose their financial reporting quality considering incentives imposed by the society, and rent-seeking auditors may manipulate their reports to extract gains in the expense of public interest. The analysis captures the dynamics of strategy changes among different actors by introducing a population game framework. The steady-state equilibrium analysis shows that there is a pure state and mixed states whose stability is affected by policy parameters such as subsidies, taxes, competitive auditor fee, and rate of adjustment of different behavioral dynamics. It appears that corruption in auditing sector and poor quality in financial reporting may arise as a temporally persistent outcome.
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Scott, Dominic, and R. Edward Freeman. "The Shepherd." In Models of Leadership in Plato and Beyond, 102–10. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837350.003.0008.

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For Plato, the model of the leader as shepherd suggests protectiveness and care. But he also realizes that it could be used to make the opposite point: the leader only appears to protect the flock; his ulterior motive is to exploit them for profit. As a result, the model divides into two: the good shepherd, who cares only for the flock, and the bad one, who seeks to exploit them, like a tyrant. Another problem is that the model elevates the leader to the level of a higher species, who merely shouts commands, quite unlike the teacher model described in the previous two chapters. Consequently, Plato later abandons the shepherd in the Statesman. The second part considers an example of the ‘bad’ shepherd, Travis Kalanick, CEO of Uber Taxis, whose attitude to his drivers shows similarities with the shepherd who professes to care for his flock, but merely seeks to exploit them.
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Lucchesi, John C. "Inheritance of chromatin modifications through the cell cycle." In Epigenetics, Nuclear Organization & Gene Function, 184–90. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831204.003.0016.

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Following mitosis, the particular transcriptional landscape of the parent cell must be faithfully transmitted to daughter cells. Although transcription ceases, not all transcription factors are displaced. DNA methylation has been implicated in the inheritance of chromatin characteristics because maintenance DNA methyl transferases methylate CpG dinucleotides on the newly replicated strand if the corresponding GpC on the parent strand is methylated. Nucleosomes that are deposited on the newly synthesized DNA strands are made up of old and new histones, and some marks present on the old histones are maintained. The proper distribution of nucleosomes and the topological organization of the genome into topologically associating domains (TADs) must be transmitted to daughter cells. Following DNA replication, centromeres must be specified on the daughter chromatids. In most eukaryotes, centromeres are identified by the presence of nucleosomes bearing the histone H3 variant CENP-A. An additional number of proteins and non-coding RNAs originating from centric and pericentromeric DNA repeats associate with centromeres and appear to play a role in centromere function.
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Okan, Elif Yolbulan, and Neva Yalman. "Anatomy of Green Marketing." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 125–42. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5880-6.ch006.

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There has been much discussion since the late 1980s concerning “green” issues. Society is becoming increasingly concerned with the rapid depletion of the world's resources and the increasing rate that the environment is being polluted by our activities. Since environmental improvement and competitiveness are defined as the new paradigm for the world economy, green marketing has been one of the most popular topics in the business arena. This chapter aims to examine this concept from several different perspectives. The first section summarizes the evolution of the green marketing concept with the help of theoretical underpinnings. The criticisms regarding green marketing are also discussed. The second section investigates green consumer behavior. In order to position green product offerings, companies need to understand the characteristics and buying patterns of different segments of the green consumer. This section helps to identify the Turkish green consumer. The language and appeals used in environmental communication are very important in changing attitudes. Thus, the third section focuses on the effectiveness of green messages. In the last part of the chapter, the Gezi Park protests from Turkey are examined as an important case with political, economic, social and international impacts as well as its triggering effect of leading to mindful consumption. This chapter explores existing literature on an interest provoking subject--green marketing--as well as integrating theoretical concepts with a recent social event from an emerging market with a case study approach.
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Okan, Elif Yolbulan, and Neva Yalman. "Anatomy of Green Marketing." In Marketing and Consumer Behavior, 1033–51. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7357-1.ch048.

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There has been much discussion since the late 1980s concerning “green” issues. Society is becoming increasingly concerned with the rapid depletion of the world's resources and the increasing rate that the environment is being polluted by our activities. Since environmental improvement and competitiveness are defined as the new paradigm for the world economy, green marketing has been one of the most popular topics in the business arena. This chapter aims to examine this concept from several different perspectives. The first section summarizes the evolution of the green marketing concept with the help of theoretical underpinnings. The criticisms regarding green marketing are also discussed. The second section investigates green consumer behavior. In order to position green product offerings, companies need to understand the characteristics and buying patterns of different segments of the green consumer. This section helps to identify the Turkish green consumer. The language and appeals used in environmental communication are very important in changing attitudes. Thus, the third section focuses on the effectiveness of green messages. In the last part of the chapter, the Gezi Park protests from Turkey are examined as an important case with political, economic, social and international impacts as well as its triggering effect of leading to mindful consumption. This chapter explores existing literature on an interest provoking subject--green marketing--as well as integrating theoretical concepts with a recent social event from an emerging market with a case study approach.
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Baldwin, Peter. "Th e Environment." In The Narcissism of Minor Differences. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195391206.003.0011.

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If We Turn To The Environment and its protection, the contrasts between the United States and Europe are less stark than the debates over Kyoto and global warming suggest. Popular attitudes across the Atlantic appear to be quite comparable. A smaller percentage of Americans than any Europeans are fearful that current population trends are unsustainable. The percentage that fears strongly that modern life harms the environment is at the lower end of a very broad European spectrum. But a higher percentage of Americans than anyone other than the gloomy Portuguese are very worried about the environment. Already long before Al Gore and An Inconvenient Truth, proportionately more Americans considered global warming extremely dangerous than do the Dutch, Norwegians, Danes, and Finns. Relatively more Americans than anyone but the Swiss claim to be very willing to pay higher prices to protect the environment. Proportionately more Americans than any Europeans are prepared to pay higher taxes for the sake of nature. Americans also claim willingness more than anyone other than the Swiss and the Swedes to accept a cut in living standards to achieve such ends. A higher percentage of Americans think that government should pass laws to protect the environment than the British, Swiss, Dutch, Germans, and all Scandinavians other than the Danes. American executives are more convinced that complying with government environmental standards helps their businesses’ long-term competitiveness than their colleagues in Germany, Iceland, Austria, Luxembourg, Greece, Belgium, the Netherlands, Ireland, Italy, Spain, or Portugal. In a recent comparative ranking of environmental policy conducted by Yale and Columbia universities, the score assigned the United States was not impressive. But that of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Greece was worse. The Achilles’ heel of America’s environmental policy is its energy inefficiency, which is partly related to the size of the country and the extremities of its weather. On most other measures, U.S. rankings are better
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Conference papers on the topic "Taxs protests and appeals"

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Trappey, Charles V., Hsin-Ying Wu, Fataneh Taghaboni-Dutta, and Amy J. C. Trappey. "China RFID Patent Analysis." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84168.

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China is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and consumers of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications. Current estimates show that China will need over 3 billion RFID tags to satisfy demand in the year 2009. The applications for RFID patents have spread across a very diverse range of inventions and in the future it is likely that most products manufactured in China will contain an RFID tag. China’s RFID industry has grown along with the demand and researchers are making significant technological advances. In this research, patent data from the State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China (SIPO) have been used to explore RFID technology development and its trends. Patent abstracts containing the key word and phrase ‘RFID’ and ‘Radio Frequency Identification’ were collected for analysis, content extraction, and clustering. In total, 1,389 patents from the SIPO database covering the years 1995 to 2008 were retrieved and archived for analysis. Patents provide exclusive rights and legal protection for inventors, play an important role in the development and fair diffusion of technology, and contain detailed specifications necessary to define and protect the boundaries of an invention. Through patent analysis, companies monitor the development of technology and evaluate the position of potential competitors in the market. This research applies patent content analysis to map and interpret the current trends of RFID technology development in China. A patent content clustering method is used to cluster different patent documents into homogenous groups, and then technology forecasting is applied to evaluate possible market opportunities for future inventors and investors. The results suggest that the cluster called RFID wireless communication devices has entered the saturation stage and thus provides limited opportunity for development. Four other clusters; RFID concepts and applications, RFID architecture, RFID tracking implementation, and RFID transmission apparatus, have entered the mature stage. The RFID frequency and waves cluster appears to be in early growth stage with good development potential. Since the technology related to basic RFID concepts and devices has reached a mature stage in China, the research and development seems to be targeting the improvement of the RFID frequencies and waves as a means to develop more reliable RFID systems and applications.
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