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Journal articles on the topic 'TCP variants'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Junior, Airton Orlandini, and Luciana Andréia Fondazzi Martimiano. "Performance Analysis of the Segment Transfer Rate of TCP-UEM." Revista de Informática Teórica e Aplicada 26, no. 2 (2019): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2175-2745.82043.

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UsingTCP(TransmissionControlProtocol)inwirelessnetworkscanaffectitsperformanceduetoits lack of ability to identify packets losses properly, causing the triggering of its congestion control mechanism. Some TCP variants were proposed to improve this control, being TCP-UEM one of them. This variant allows the evaluation of the link reliability in wireless networks in time intervals, keeping the end-to-end semantics. TCP-UEM was implemented in FreeBSD OS and its performance with relation to segment transfer rate (in Mbps) was compared to two other variants, TCP-NEWRENO and TCP-CUBIC. This paper de

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Lydiah, Moraa Machora. "A survey of transmission control protocol variants." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (2024): 1828–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14163611.

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TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), is a reliable connection oriented end-to-end protocol. It contains within itself, mechanisms for ensuring reliability by requiring the receiver to acknowledge the segments that it receives. The network is not perfect and a small percentage of packets are lost enroute, either due to network error or due to the fact that there is congestion in the network and the routers are dropping packets. TCP ensures reliability by starting a timer whenever it sends a segment. If it does not receive an acknowledgement from the receiver within the ‘time-out’ in

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Lydiah Moraa Machora. "A survey of transmission control protocol variants." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (2024): 1828–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0886.

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TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), is a reliable connection oriented end-to-end protocol. It contains within itself, mechanisms for ensuring reliability by requiring the receiver to acknowledge the segments that it receives. The network is not perfect and a small percentage of packets are lost enroute, either due to network error or due to the fact that there is congestion in the network and the routers are dropping packets. TCP ensures reliability by starting a timer whenever it sends a segment. If it does not receive an acknowledgement from the receiver within the ‘time-out’ interval then

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4

Nahida, Nigar, and Anwarul Azim Muhammad. "Fairness Comparison of TCP Variants over Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocol in MANET." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (2018): 2199–206. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2199-2206.

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are applicable in an infrastructureless environment where the mobile devices act as routers and intermediate nodes are used to transfer segments to their final destination. As Transmission control protocol (TCP) was originated for Internet with fundamentally different properties, faces serious challenges when used in mobile ad hoc networks. TCP functionality degrades, due to special properties of MANET such as route failure because of significant change of network topology and link errors. TCP uses Congestion Control Algorithms; TCP Vegas is one of them which cl

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Nigar, Nahida, and Muhammad Anwarul Azim. "Fairness Comparison of TCP Variants over Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocol in MANET." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (2018): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2199-2206.

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are applicable in an infrastructureless environment where the mobile devices act as routers and intermediate nodes are used to transfer segments to their final destination. As Transmission control protocol (TCP) was originated for Internet with fundamentally different properties, faces serious challenges when used in mobile ad hoc networks. TCP functionality degrades, due to special properties of MANET such as route failure because of significant change of network topology and link errors. TCP uses Congestion Control Algorithms; TCP Vegas is one of them which cl

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Nigar, Nahida. "Comparative Performance Evaluation of TCP with Identical and Cross-Variant Congestion Control." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 8, no. 1 (2018): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i1.262.

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The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), a key functional building block of the Internet, operates as a rate-adaptive end-to-end protocol at the Transport Layer of the network protocol stack. It regulates the prevailing load conditions within the network by getting the source node to adapt the packet transfer rate in accord with the processing capacity of the receiver. The regulation is enforced by means of dropping of packets on the part of the receiver. The TCP sender then reduces the packet injection rate so as to allow the network to recover from congestion. The focus of this paper is perf

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Elmannai, Wafa, Abdul Razaque, and Khaled Elleithy. "Deployment of TCP University of Bridgeport (UB) to Control Law Enforcement Department over Wireless Mesh Network." Journal of Communications and Computer Engineering 3, no. 1 (2012): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20454/jcce.2013.427.

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the most reliable protocol. That was previously introduced for wired networks only. Lately the TCP started to act poorly for several factors due to the advent of wireless network. The represented factors which need to be addressed are recovery mechanism, backup mechanism, mobility, congestion window and maximum packet size. Based on existing variants, new were introduced. The most two debated variants are Vegas and Westwood which motivated many researches. However, the number of studies proved that Vegas could perform more efficiency than other variants d

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SAYSELL, Colin G., Winston S. TAMBYRAJAH, Jeremy M. MURRAY, et al. "Probing the catalytic mechanism of Escherichia coli amine oxidase using mutational variants and a reversible inhibitor as a substrate analogue." Biochemical Journal 365, no. 3 (2002): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20011435.

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Copper amine oxidases are homodimeric enzymes containing one Cu2+ ion and one 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (TPQ) per monomer. Previous studies with the copper amine oxidase from Escherichia coli (ECAO) have elucidated the structure of the active site and established the importance in catalysis of an active-site base, Asp-383. To explore the early interactions of substrate with enzyme, we have used tranylcypromine (TCP), a fully reversible competitive inhibitor, with wild-type ECAO and with the active-site base variants D383E and D383N. The formation of an adduct, analogous to the subs

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B., Jaydevsinh, and Hiren V. "A Review: TCP Variants with MANET." International Journal of Computer Applications 157, no. 2 (2017): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2017912638.

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Callegari, C., S. Giordano, M. Pagano, and T. Pepe. "Behavior analysis of TCP Linux variants." Computer Networks 56, no. 1 (2012): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2011.10.002.

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11

Omer, Khaled Ahmed Abood. "Impact of Jellyfish attack on routing protocols in TCP-based MANETs." University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 27, no. 1 (2023): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/uajnas.2023.n1.a09.

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Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are self-organized infrastructure-less network of mobile wireless devices that could be deployed for communication. Due to the insecure wireless communication medium, multi-hop routing communication process, and dynamic behavior of the nodes in MANETs, routing protocols are vulnerable to various security attacks, such as Jellyfish attacks. A Jellyfish node targets TCP-based MANET and exploits its working mechanism to degrade the communication performance. This attack is hard to detect since it is a TCP protocol compliant methodology.In this paper, we evaluate th

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Alrayes, Mohamed Meftah, Adel Dae Elgaber, Zayed Khlifa, and Abdalrahman alfagi. "Performance Study of TCP Variants in FANETs." International Science and Technology Journal 26, no. 1 (2021): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.62341/maza2627.

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With the wide-ranging application of flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs), which have received more attention from the industry and research community in recent years. The high demand for continuous network connectivity with reliable and robust communication becomes a challenging research topic. Most researchers investigated the existing routing protocols in the network layer, but there is no attention paid to the transport layer and its associated protocols in FANETs application domain, and it is still an open research issue. In this paper, we examine through simulation scenarios the performance c

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M., Saleh, Osama Younes, Hamdy M., and Hatem Abdul-kader. "Enhancing Performance of TCP Variants in LTE." International Journal of Computer Applications 152, no. 1 (2016): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2016911762.

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14

Chauhan, Varun, and Rajesh Kumar. "Analysis of TCP Variants Over Variable Traffic." i-manager's Journal on Information Technology 4, no. 3 (2015): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jit.4.3.3489.

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Park, Jinwoo, Hyogon Kim, and Jin-Young Choi. "Improving TCP Performance in Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) Communication." Electronics 8, no. 11 (2019): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111206.

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On a connected car, the performance of Internet access will significantly affect the user experience. For electric cars that use vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communication to interact with the Internet during charging, the charge cable quality poses a challenge to the V2G communication. Specifically, the performance of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the transport protocol that most Internet applications use, may suffer due to the high noise and consequent errors that the charge cable presents. Currently, TCP NewReno is the TCP implementation that ISO 15118 standard stipulates for the V2G commun

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Halepoto, Imtiaz Ali, Fayaz Ahmed, Sajida Parveen, Muhammad Asif Khan, Ali Raza Bhangwar, and Shafaq Rafique Memon. "Evaluating Congestion Control Methods for enhanced Throughput." VFAST Transactions on Software Engineering 12, no. 2 (2024): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21015/vtse.v12i2.1843.

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With easy access and many services such as social networks, online shopping, video streaming the data traffic over the Internet is increasing. On the other side, the traditional congestion control strategies of TCP due to the huge data are not sufficient. The TCP protocol uses such traditional techniques to minimize the network congestion. Moreover, handling applications with smartphones is challenging in terms of congestion due to the long delay networks such as 4G. Many TCP variants have been proposed for the network congestion particularly for long delay networks such as TCP (Binary increas

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Tsiknas, Konstantinos, and George Stamatelos. "Comparative Performance Evaluation of TCP Variants in WiMAX (and WLANs) Network Configurations." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/806272.

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An important application for the IEEE 802.16 technology (also called WiMAX) is to provide high-speed access to the Internet where the transmission control protocol (TCP) is the core transport protocol. In this paper we study through extensive simulation scenarios the performance characteristics of five representative TCP schemes, namely, TCP New Reno, Vegas, Veno, Westwood, and BIC, in WiMAX (and WLANs) networks, under the conditions of correlated wireless errors, asymmetric end-to-end capabilities, and link congestion. The target is to evaluate how the above conditions would affect the TCP co

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Prof., Neeraj Bhargava*1 Dr. Ritu Bhargava2 Pramod Singh Rathore3 &. Garima Bansal Watts4. "AN ADAPTIVE APPROACH FOR TCP VARIANTS APPLYING WIRELESS MULTIHOP NETWORKS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 12 (2017): 344–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1116728.

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TCP- Transmission Control protocol is a connection oriented and reliable process-to-process communication on the transport layer of tcp/ip model. TCP guarantees with the end-to-end flow control, error control and congestion control. In the past, tcp was brought to work with the bulky networks where the cause of losses is specially the network congestion. TCP was introduced to work with the wired networks where the cause of losses is mainly the network congestion. In recent years, wireless networking is becoming more and more popular. Wireless Sensor Networks consists of hundreds and thousands

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19

Bandhu, Kailash Chandra, and Ashok Bhansali. "Impact of Frame Duration and Modulation Coding Schemes With WiMAX Bandwidth Asymmetry in Transmission Control Protocol Variants." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 8, no. 1 (2019): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2019010103.

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WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access which is based on IEEE 802.16 specification and is considered as de facto standard for the broadband wireless data transfer over the internet. The different values of various WiMAX parameters for different TCP variants may affect the performance of the network. This article compares the performance of different TCP variants with bandwidth asymmetry, frame duration, and modulation coding schemes, along with the operating parameter namely number of wireless nodes. During the simulation study the performance was evaluated only for o

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20

Matten, Ahmad, and Adnan Anwar. "Performance Analysis of TCP Variants using AQM and ECN." Journal of the Institute of Internet Broadcasting and Communication 16, no. 1 (2016): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jiibc.2016.16.1.129.

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21

Suman, Preetam, and Amrit Suman. "An Enhanced TCP Corruption Control Mechanism For Wireless Network." HCTL Open International Journal of Technology Innovations and Research (IJTIR) 1, January 2013 (2013): 27–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.160894.

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Mobile Ad Hoc networks are collections of mobile nodes, dynamically forming a temporary network without pre-existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Transmission control protocol (TCP) provides connection oriented, reliable and end to end mechanism. Comparing to wire networks, there are many different characteristics in wireless environments. In this paper an improved mechanism for TCP corruption control is presented. It considers the influences sending rate to TCP sender's packet not only by the congestion but also by the corruption. The sending window size calculated af

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22

Singh, Garima, Sri Krishna jayadev Magani, Rinku Sharma, et al. "Structural, functional and molecular dynamics analysis of cathepsin B gene SNPs associated with tropical calcific pancreatitis, a rare disease of tropics." PeerJ 7 (October 3, 2019): e7425. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7425.

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Tropical Calcific Pancreatitis (TCP) is a neglected juvenile form of chronic non-alcoholic pancreatitis. Cathepsin B (CTSB), a lysosomal protease involved in the cellular degradation process, has recently been studied as a potential candidate gene in the pathogenesis of TCP. According to the Cathepsin B hypothesis, mutated CTSB can lead to premature intracellular activation of trypsinogen, a key regulatory mechanism in pancreatitis. So far, CTSB mutations have been studied in pancreatitis and neurodegenerative disorders, but little is known about the structural and functional effect of variant

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Khalid, S., H. M. Abdullah, and S. Z. Ahmad. "Analysis of Transmission Control Protocol Incast over Large-scale HPC Clusters." Nucleus 58, no. 1-4 (2022): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.71330/nucleus.58.01-4.1165.

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The lifecycle of large-scale applications executing on High-Performance Computing (HPC) clusters involves massive use of transmission control protocol (TCP) while performing orchestration for job completion on multiple compute resources. As the HPC clusters involve large local area network communication for distributing jobs over compute and data nodes, the core network fabric in cluster architecture faces heavy workloads of TCP sessions; causing more than average packet drop events. This results in the poor TCP throughput; thus reducing the overall performance indices of the cluster. In this

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Khan, Koffka, and Wayne Goodridge. "QoE Evaluation Of Legacy TCP Variants Over DASH." International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications 12, no. 05 (2021): 4656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35444/ijana.2021.12501.

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Bisoy, Sukantkishoro, Pradeep Kumar Mallick, and Anjana Mishra. "Fairness analysis of TCP variants in asymmetric network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.12 (2018): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11287.

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Conservative nature of Vegas creates less opportunity to get fair share of bandwidth then Reno in wired network. On the other hand, aggressive nature of Reno helps to achieve more share of bandwidth. Both Reno and Vegas assumes that congestion occurs in the forward rather than in reverse path. In asymmetric network the path characteristics of forward and backward is different.In this work, we propose a network model and analyzed the Inter-protocol fairness between TCP Reno and TCP Vegas with some queue management techniques such as Droptail and random early detection (RED) in asymmetric networ

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Pal, Debajyoti. "Performance Analysis of Different MANET Specific TCP variants." i-manager's Journal on Information Technology 1, no. 3 (2012): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jit.1.3.1906.

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27

Awdeh, R. Y., and S. Akhtar. "Comparing TCP variants in presence of reverse traffic." Electronics Letters 40, no. 11 (2004): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20040472.

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., Deeksha Kotian, Shibani Shetty ., Shifana Begum ., and Akhilraj V. Gadagkar . "A Comparative study of TCP variants in MANET." Volume-5 Issue-2 5, no. 2 (2019): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23883/ijrter.2019.5011.kzsaj.

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Uruilal, Costanza, Abraham Talahaturuson, Wihelmina Rumahlewang, and Jogeneis Patty. "ISOLASI Trichoderma spp. DAN DAYA ANTAGONISMENYA TERHADAP SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII SACC. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT LAYU PADA TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum anuum) SECARA IN-VITRO." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 13, no. 2 (2017): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2017.13.2.64.

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The objective of this study is to isolation and agonistic test ability of Trichoderma spp. againts Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. cause of wilting on pepper plants and has been conducted in Pathogenicity Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Unpatti. The study use 5 treatment of isolate Trichoderma spp. (Tc3, Tc4, Tc5, Tc6 and Tc7) with 3 replications so that there are 15 experimental units. The results showed that the five isolates Trichoderma spp. has an antagonistic power to S. rolfsii with an average percentage of inhibition of S. rolfsii of 26,01%. Percentage of inhibition bolth of isolate ware not

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Ahmad, Usman, Md Asri Bin Ngadi, and Ismail Fauzi Bin Isnin. "Fairness Evaluation and Comparison of Current Congestion Control Techniques." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 1, no. 1 (2016): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v1.i1.pp176-181.

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is used by many applications on the Internet for the reliable data transmission. TCP does not able to utilize the available link bandwidth quickly and efficiently in High bandwidth short distance (HBSD) and high bandwidth long distance (HBLD) networks. Many congestion control techniques also known as TCP variants are developed to solve these problems in different network environments. In this paper an experimental analysis is done for the performance evaluation of TCP CUBIC, TCP Compound, TCP Reno and High speed TCP in term of Inter and Intra Protocol fairne

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Patriciello, Natale, José Núñez-Martinez, Jorge Baranda, Maurizio Casoni, and Josep Mangues-Bafalluy. "TCP Performance Evaluation over Backpressure-based Routing Strategies for Wireless Mesh Backhaul in LTE Networks." Ad Hoc Networks 60 (May 1, 2017): 40–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2017.03.001.

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Wireless redundant networks are expected to play a fundamental role to backhaul dense LTE networks. In these scenarios, backpressure-based routing strategies such as <em>BP-MR</em> can exploit the network redundancy. In this paper, we perform an exhaustive performance evaluation of different TCP variants over an LTE access network, backhauled by various routing protocols (including <em>per-packet</em> and <em>per-flow BP-MR</em> variants and a static alternative, <em>OLSR</em>) over two different wireless topologies: a regular mesh and an irregular ring-tree topology. We compare the performanc

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Dave, Heena H., Prof Parul Dihulia, and Prof Vikas Gupta. "Performance Analysis by Varying Parameters of TCP Variants Using NS-2 Simulator." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 4 (2012): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2013/45.

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Hernawan, Agung. "Comparative Performance Testing of the Impact of ACK Loss in TCP Tahoe, TCP Reno, and TCP New Reno on the ns-2 Simulator." JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 7, no. 1 (2023): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jite.v7i1.9542.

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In TCP/IP networks, TCP provides reliable delivery service with the guarantee that packets sent reach their destination. This is achieved through the use of acknowledgments (ACK) as a mechanism. In TCP/IP networks, TCP provides reliable delivery service with the guarantee that packets sent reach their destination. This is achieved through the use of acknowledgments (ACK) as a mechanism. In all three variants of TCP, they rely on the presence of ACK packets. Therefore, testing will be conducted to observe the effect of ACK loss on TCP performance. The testing involves introducing disruptive tra

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Mateen, Ahamed, and Muhanmmad Zaman. "Congestion Control Algorithms Evaluation of TCP Linux Variants in Dumbbell." Journal of the Institute of Internet Broadcasting and Communication 16, no. 1 (2016): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jiibc.2016.16.1.139.

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Razaque, Abdul, and Khaled Elleithy. "Proportional Study of TCP Variants over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks." International Journal of Computer Applications 107, no. 21 (2014): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/19146-0352.

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Molia, Hardik K., and Amit D. Kothari. "TCP Variants for Mobile Adhoc Networks: Challenges and Solutions." Wireless Personal Communications 100, no. 4 (2018): 1791–836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5675-8.

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Edwan, Talal A., Iain W. Phillips, Lin Guan, Jon Crowcroft, Ashraf Tahat, and Bashar E. A. Badr. "Revisiting legacy high-speed TCP congestion control variants: An optimisation-theoretic analysis of multi-mode TCP." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 118 (July 2022): 102542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2022.102542.

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Sarkar, Nurul I., Ping-Huan Ho, Sonia Gul, and Salahuddin Muhammad Salim Zabir. "TCP-LoRaD: A Loss Recovery and Differentiation Algorithm for Improving TCP Performance over MANETs in Noisy Channels." Electronics 11, no. 9 (2022): 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091479.

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Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are becoming popular technologies because they offer flexibility in setting up anytime and anywhere, and provide communication support on the go. This communication requires the use of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which is not originally designed for use in MANET environments; therefore, it raises serious performance issues. To overcome the deficiency of the original TCP, several modifications have been proposed and reported in the networking literature. TCP-WELCOME (Wireless Environment, Link losses, and Congestion packet loss ModEls) is one of the bette

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Faruque, Shah M., M. Kamruzzaman, Ismail M. Meraj, et al. "Pathogenic Potential of Environmental Vibrio cholerae Strains Carrying Genetic Variants of the Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Pathogenicity Island." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 2 (2003): 1020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.2.1020-1025.2003.

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ABSTRACT The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin (CT), which is encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage (CTXΦ), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization factor which is also the receptor for CTXΦ. The genes for the biosynthesis of TCP are part of a larger genetic element known as the TCP pathogenicity island. To assess their pathogenic potential, we analyzed environmental strains of V. cholerae carrying genetic variants of the TCP pathogenicity island for colonization of infant mice, susceptibility to CTXΦ, and diarrheagenicity in adult rabbi

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P, Subramanya, Vinayaka K S, Gururaj H L, and Ramesh B. "Performance Evaluation of High Speed TCP Variants in Dumbbell Network." IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering 16, no. 2 (2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0661-16264853.

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Chandrasekaran, M., and R. S. D. Wahida Banu. "Interaction Between MIMD-Poly and PIPD-Poly Algorithms and Other TCP Variants in Multiple Bottleneck TCP Networks." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 2, no. 3 (2006): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2006070104.

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Grazia, Carlo Augusto, Natale Patriciello, Martin Klapez, and Maurizio Casoni. "Transmission Control Protocol and Active Queue Management together against congestion: cross-comparison through simulations." SIMULATION 95, no. 10 (2018): 979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549718814626.

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Most Internet traffic is carried by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) nowadays, even in the case of real-time services. Detecting and mitigating the congestion is one of the primary tasks of this protocol, in fact, different TCP versions are defined by their congestion control algorithms. Furthermore, Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms share the same goal of congestion mitigation with TCP; in particular, the most efficient congestion control occurs when AQM and TCP work together. This paper presents a brief survey and a cross-comparison of the latest and most important TCP and AQM

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Jung, Yoona, Jooseong Kim, Sukyoung Kim, Shin hye Chung, and Jinhong Wie. "Development of Cellular Signaling Pathways by Bioceramic Heat Treatment (Sintering) in Osteoblast Cells." Biomedicines 11, no. 3 (2023): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030785.

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Bioceramics are calcium-phosphate-based materials used in medical and dental implants for replacing or repairing damaged bone tissues; however, the effect of bioceramic sintering on the intracellular signaling pathways remains unknown. In order to address this, we analyzed the impact of sintering on the cell signaling pathways of osteoblast cells using sintered and non-sintered hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). X-ray diffraction indicated that only the morphology of HA was affected by sintering; however, the sintered bioceramics were found to have elevated the calcium

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Cheah, Chia Wei, Nisreen Mohammed Al-Namnam, May Nak Lau, et al. "Synthetic Material for Bone, Periodontal, and Dental Tissue Regeneration: Where Are We Now, and Where Are We Heading Next?" Materials 14, no. 20 (2021): 6123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206123.

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Alloplasts are synthetic, inorganic, biocompatible bone substitutes that function as defect fillers to repair skeletal defects. The acceptance of these substitutes by host tissues is determined by the pore diameter and the porosity and inter-connectivity. This narrative review appraises recent developments, characterization, and biological performance of different synthetic materials for bone, periodontal, and dental tissue regeneration. They include calcium phosphate cements and their variants β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ceramics and biphasic calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-T

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Faruque, Shah M., Jun Zhu, Asadulghani, M. Kamruzzaman, and John J. Mekalanos. "Examination of Diverse Toxin-Coregulated Pilus-Positive Vibrio cholerae Strains Fails To Demonstrate Evidence for Vibrio Pathogenicity Island Phage." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 6 (2003): 2993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.6.2993-2999.2003.

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ABSTRACT The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin, which is encoded by a lysogenic filamentous bacteriophage (CTXΦ), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization factor that is also the receptor for CTXΦ. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of TCP reside in a pathogenicity island, which has been reported to correspond to the genome of another filamentous phage (designated VPIΦ) and to encode functions necessary for the production of infectious VPIΦ particles. We examined 46 V. cholerae strains having diverse origins and carrying different ge

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Paul, Hrituparna, Anish Kumar Saha, Partha Pratim Deb, and Partha Sarathi Bhattacharjee. "Comparative Analysis of Different TCP Variants in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network." International Journal of Computer Applications 52, no. 13 (2012): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/8262-1802.

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B N, Prof Yuvaraju, and Dr Niranjan N. Chiplunkar. "Scenario Based Performance Analysis of variants of TCP using NS2-Simulator." International Journal of Computer Applications 4, no. 9 (2010): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/855-1197.

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Patel, Rimjhim, and Manoj Rawat. "TCP Variants under MANET Environment & Their Analysis using NS-2." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 10, no. 9 (2014): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v10p285.

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Abdulwahid, Sarah N. "Development of an efficient mechanism for rapid protocols using NS-2 simulator." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 1 (2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/csit.v3i1.77.

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The delivered effort in this manuscript is grounded on NS-2 (The Network Simulator 2) to implement the congestion control process of classic TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), with new congestion control mechanism. In this paper, a novel congestion control algorithm is offered, which contains of slow-start and congestion avoidance mechanisms. The proposed slow-start algorithm assumes a duplicating and an interpolating approach to the congestion window (cwnd) for each increment instead of the exponential increment used by other TCP source variants such as Reno, Vega, Tahoe, Newreno, Fack, and

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Abdulwahid, Sarah N. "Development of an efficient mechanism for rapid protocols using NS-2 simulator." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 1 (2018): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/aptikom.j.csit.81.

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The delivered effort in this manuscript is grounded on NS-2 (The Network Simulator 2) to implement the congestion control process of classic TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), with new congestion control mechanism. In this paper, a novel congestion control algorithm is offered, which contains of slow-start and congestion avoidance mechanisms. The proposed slow-start algorithm assumes a duplicating and an interpolating approach to the congestion window (cwnd) for each increment instead of the exponential increment used by other TCP source variants such as Reno, Vega, Tahoe, Newreno, Fack, and

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