To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Tea Leaves.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tea Leaves'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Tea Leaves.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ramdani, Diky. "Evaluation of tea and spent tea leaves as additives for their use in ruminant diets." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2739.
Full textAbstract:
Animal scientists have been challenged to improve animal production systems with respect not only to competitiveness and efficiency but at the same time producing products which are healthy for the consumers and friendly to the environment. Plant secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, and essential oils have been investigated for their advantageous outcomes as ‘natural’ additives to manipulate rumen fermentation via decreased ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) production, improved animal health and vitality, and increased meat quality. Tea leaves is one of native plants being rich in secondary metabolites and widely known to have health benefits for human consumption. However, the information on chemical characteristics of tea leaves and their spent tea leaves (STL) as residues along with their prospective as additives for ruminants is still inadequate. Therefore, a series of four studies aimed to evaluate chemical characteristics of tea and their STL as additives for their use in ruminant diets through in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. It can be concluded that tea leaves can be potentially used as additives for ruminants to improve the degradability of low quality forage and to decrease in-vitro rumen NH3 and CH4 productions but their ability to do so by their STL depends upon their tannin and saponin contents. In addition, GTL can improve some mineral digestibility and meat fatty acids quality without affecting animal performance.
2
Cummins, Declan. "Small molecules : where do they go to on tea leaves?" Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12961/.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of this project were to investigate the surface chemistry and morphology of processed tea leaves the techniques of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Data from the spectra obtained by ToF-SIMS was also analysed using principal component analysis (PCA). Further experimentation was performed on tea leaves by the addition of diluted samples of aromas, methyl salicylate, trans-2-hexenal and linalool and examining these leaves using depth profiling to discover how far into the leaf the aroma had penetrated and if there was any connection between the chemistry and size of the aromas and how far they penetrated. A general characterisation of the tea leaves was performed in Chapter 3 where layers of waxes of a comparable size were observed on both green and black tea leaves with AFM, as were micro-crystals on black tea and areas showing two distinct types of interaction between the cantilever tip and the surface of a green tea leaf indicating different surface properties. SEM images revealed a visual difference between green and black tea leaves, where the black tea leaves had more debris on the surface and greater changes in topography due to the different processing methods. The presence of lipids and epicuticular waxes were observed on the surface of the tea leaves using the ToF-SIMS. In Chapter 4 the effects of infusion in hot water on the morphology and surface chemistry of the tea leaves are examined. SEM revealed structural damage to the leaves from 30 seconds of infusion and this increased with infusion time, resulting in the formation of holes in the cutin on the adaxial surface of the tea leaf. By examining positive and negative ToF-SIMS spectra and using PCA, a change in surface chemistry could be detected from 15 seconds of infusion. The intensity of C3H5O2+ peaks in the spectra increased as infusion time increased, indicating that the waxy cuticle of the leaf surface had been removed revealing the underlying epidermal cell layer. Peaks associated with octadecenoic and octadecanoic acids were shown to have a reproducible effect on the positioning of the different infusion times within the PCA plots. Though chemical changes can be detected at 15 seconds, the first 30 seconds of infusion were found to be responsible for the majority of the chemical changes on the surface. Taken together these data indicate that the melting of the cutin layer, primarily within the first 30 seconds of infusion may be related to the release of flavour, aroma and constituents such as polyphenols. The penetration into the leaf of aroma molecules was examined in Chapter 5. Diluted solutions of methyl salicylate, linalool and trans-2-hexenal were added to tea leaves and then examined using depth profiling with ToF-SIMS. For the first time a leaf was depth profiled using a C60. The presence of trans-2-hexenal was detected in the palisade mesophyll layer of the leaf as was methyl salicylate, but to a smaller intensity. Methyl salicylate showed partitioning in diffusion across the cuticle with a large intensity in the cuticle and also in the interface between the epidermis and palisade mesophyll layers. Linalool was present on the surface of the leaf and showed partitioning in the cuticle of the tea leaves. As trans-2-hexenal was the smallest and least lipophilic of the three aromas examined it is theorized that the smaller the size of the aroma molecule plays a key role in the penetration of the dehydrated leaves.
3
Mogotlane, Ishiba Daniel. "Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition on total antioxidant contents of Bush Tea (athrixia phylicoides DC.) leaves." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/614.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Sc. (Horticulture)) --University of Limpopo, 2007Bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC) has been used for many years by the people of South Africa for medicinal purposes. The herbs was only harvested from the wild, therefore data on the effects of mineral nutrition on total antioxidant activity had not been established. The objective of this study was to determine the seasonal effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrition on total antioxidant activity (TAA) in cultivated bush tea leaves. Treatments consisted of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 or 500 kgha-1 N, P or K in a randomized complete block design with four replications under 50 % shade nets. Three (N, P and K) parallel trials were conducted per season (autumn, winter, spring and summer). TAA was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) method and analyzed in a spectrophotometer. Results of this study demonstrated that regardless of season, the application of N, P and K fertilizers increased quadratically levels of TAA in bush tea with most of the increase occurring between 0 and 300 N, 300 P and 200 K kgha-1. Therefore, for improved total antioxidant content in bush tea leaves, 300 N, 300 P and 200 K kgha-1 N are recommended.
National Research Foundation (NRF), Agricultural Research Council(ARC-LNR)
4
Morelli, Giovanna. "Photosynthesis and the antioxidant system in tea leaves during treatments simulating the early stage of black tea manufacture." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429639.
Full text
5
Dineen, Kathryn P. (Kathryn Patricia). "Reading the tea leaves : the Tea Party movement, the conservative establishment and the collapse of climate change legislation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66804.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-53).
The Tea Party movement, which derives its name and revolutionary zeal from the 1773 Boston Tea Party anti-tax protest, emerged in response to the Obama Administration's economic stimulus package and later coalesced around opposition to universal health care, union collective bargaining rights, and raising the debt ceiling. In a less visible fashion, however, the movement has also set its sights on another target-environmental regulation. In fact, the Tea Party played an important but little-noticed role in preventing the passage of comprehensive energy and climate change legislation. Tea Party campaigns against the Senate's American Power Act 2010, or Kerry-Graham-Lieberman bill, pressured Lindsey Graham (R-SC) to withdraw support for the bill, demonized the cap-and- trade approach to regulating greenhouse gas emissions, and reinvigorated skepticism about climate-change science. A closer examination of these campaigns reveals that the Tea Party is motivated by an antiregulatory ethos, rooted in response to anti-New Deal liberalism and anti- Communism, that is not marginal or extreme, but consistent with that of the Republican Party. The uprising is, therefore, a manifestation of the conservative establishment's rightward shift-a move propelled by a network of entrenched free-market advocacy groups, think tanks, charitable foundations, industry interests, and mainstream conservative media. This dynamic conservative network-defined by the unique role of Koch Industries and the climate change "denial machine"-has largely enabled the Tea Party's success. The future of the Tea Party is uncertain and several factors suggest that the wave of populist fervor may have crested. However, even if protests subside, the Tea Party's antiregulatory ethos is likely to endure as part of the Republican Party's increasing conservatism.
by Kathryn P. Dineen.
M.C.P.
6
Arthur, Hanson. "Bioactivity and microbial content of Lippia multiflora leaves, a herbal tea from Ghana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2232.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Msc Food Sc (Food Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The consumption of herbal teas is an increasing phenomenon among tea consumers globally. However, herbal teas that are not pre-treated to reduce their microbial load are a health risk to consumers, in spite of their potential health-promoting properties. The aim of this study was to develop a steam pasteurisation treatment to reduce the microbial load on Lippia multiflora Moldenke (Verbanaceae) tea leaves, a herbal tea from Ghana, identify the bacteria present, and to evaluate the effect of the steam treatment on the bioactive constituent of the leaves. An HPLC method was developed and optimised for the identification and quantification of verbascoside, the major antioxidant compound of L. multiflora herbal infusion. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to confirm the presence of the compound in the infusion. Ascorbic acid was used as a stabilising agent during the quantification process to prevent the degradation of verbascoside. The hot water infusion of L. multiflora was compared to those of Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) and Cyclopia spp. (honeybush) on the basis of their soluble solids and total polyphenol contents, as well as on their antioxidant activities. In addition to verbascoside, another compound with the same parent and fragment ions as verbascoside was present in the infusion. A 100 ml infusion of L. multiflora had significantly (P < 0.05) higher soluble solids and total polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activities than those of rooibos and honeybush. The rooibos infusion showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher soluble solids and total polyphenol contents as well as antioxidant activities than honeybush. On the basis of soluble solids, rooibos showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher total polyphenol content and a lower ferric-reducing activity than L. multiflora. Both teas, however, did not differ significantly with respect to the DPPH antioxidant activity. The effect of steam pasteurisation on the microbial load of L. multiflora herbal tea leaves was evaluated. Five samples of the tea were steam pasteurised at 99.8°C for 2.5 min and five samples were unpasteurised. Microbial enumeration was conducted in duplicate on potato dextrose agar (PDA), plate count agar (PCA), violet red bile agar (VRBA), yeast peptone dextrose agar (YPDA), and de Man Rogosa Sharpe agar (MRS). Morphologically distinct colonies were isolated, sub-cultured and their Gram reaction recorded. These bacteria were identified to the species level using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data. Most of the bacteria identified belonged to the genus Bacillus. One species each from the genera Pantoea and Kocuria were also identified, but only the Bacillus species survived the steam treatment. Coliform bacteria detected prior to pasteurisation were not detected after steam treatment. Steam pasteurisation reduced the microbial load from 104 to 102 cfu.g-1. The effects of the steam pasteurisation on the soluble solid, total polyphenol, and the active compound contents of L. multiflora, as well as the antioxidant activities were studied. Pasteurisation did not significantly (P > 0.05) change the soluble solids, total polyphenol and active compound contents, or the antioxidant activity. Steam pasteurisation is potentially an effective method to treat L. multiflora herbal teas prior to consumption. However, the steam treatment should complement good agricultural and hygienic practices rather than replace them as some bacteria can survive this treatment. The identification and quantification of verbascoside in L. multiflora infusion, as well as the relatively higher antioxidant contents compared to rooibos and honeybush should provide the basis for future studies on the therapeutic application of this herbal tea. Also, verbascoside could potentially form the basis for future quality control of L. multiflora.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is 'n wêreldwye toename in die verbruik van kruietee. Kruietee wat egter nie vooraf-behandelings ontvang om die mikrobiese lading te verlaag nie kan, ten spyte van moontlike gesondheidsvoordele, ook 'n potensiële gesondheidsrisiko vir verbruikers inhou. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n stoompasteurisasie-behandeling te ontwikkel wat die mikrobiese lading op Lippia multiflora teeblare, 'n kruietee van Ghana, te verlaag. Verder is die teenwoordige bakterieë geïdentifiseer en die effek van 'n stoombehandeling op die bio-aktiewe komponente in die teeblare is ook geëvalueer. 'n Hoë-druk vloeistof-chromatografie metode is ontwikkel en ge-optimiseer vir die identifikasie en kwantifisering van verbaskosied, 'n hoof antioksidant komponent in L. multiflora kruie aftreksels. Vloeistof chromatografie, gekoppel aan in-lyn massa spektroskopie is ook gebruik om die teenwoordigheid van die komponent in die aftreksel te bevestig. Tydens die kwantifiseringsproses is askorbiensuur as 'n stabiliseringsagent gebruik om die degradasie van verbaskosied te voorkom. Die warm water aftreksel van L. multiflora is vergelyk met die van Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) en Cyclopia spp. (heuningbos) in terme van hul opgeloste vastestof- en totale polifenol inhoude, asook hul antioksidant aktiwiteite. 'n Ander komponent buiten verbaskosied, maar met dieselfde ouer en fragment ione, was ook in die aftreksel teenwoordig. 'n 100 ml L. multiflora aftreksel het beduidend (P < 0.05) meer opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole en antioksidant aktiwiteit getoon as rooibos en heuningbos. Rooibos het weer beduidend (P < 0.05) meer opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole, en antioksidant aktiwiteit as heuningbos. In terme van opgeloste vastestowwe het rooibos 'n beduidende (P < 0.05) hoër totale polifenol inhoud en laer ferriet-reduserende aktiwiteit as L. multiflora. Beide tee het egter nie beduidend verskil ten opsigte van hul antioksidant aktiwiteit nie. Die effek van stoompasteurisasie op die mikrobiese lading van L. multiflora kruieteeblare is geëvalueer. Vyf teemonsters is gestoompasteuriseer by 99.8°C vir 2.5 min en 5 verdere monsters is nie gepasteuriseer nie. Mikrobe-tellings is in Mikrobe-tellings is in v duplikaat op potato dextrose agar (PDA), plate count agar (PCA), violet red bile agar (VRBA), yeast peptone dextrose agar (YPDA), en de Man Rogosa Sharpe agar (MRS) gedoen. Morfologies onderskeibare kolonies is geïsoleer, her-gekweek en hul Gram status genotuleer. Hierdie bakterieë is daarna tot op spesie-vlak geïdentifiseer deur 16S ribosomale DNS (rDNS) volgorde bepalings. Die meerderheid van die geïdentifiseerde bakterieë behoort tot die genus Bacillus en een spesie elk van die genera Pantoea en Kocuria is ook geïdentifiseer. Slegs Bacillus spesies het egter die stoompasteurisasie behandeling oorleef. Kolivorme bakterieë wat voor pasteurisasie waargeneem is was afwesig na die stoom behandeling. Stoompasteurisasie het ook die mikrobiese lading van 104 na 102 kve.g-1 verminder. Die effek van stoompasteurisasie op die opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole en die aktiewe-komponent inhoud van L. multiflora, asook die antioksidant aktiwiteit is bestudeer. Pasteurisasie het die opgeloste vastestowwe, totale polifenole, aktiewe komponente en die antioksidant aktiwiteit nie-beduidend (P > 0.05) verander. Stoompasteurisasie kan potensieël 'n effektiewe metode wees vir die behandeling van L. multiflora kruietee voor verbruik. Die stoombehandeling moet egter saam met goeie landbou- en higiëniese praktyke gebruik word eerder as om dit te vervang aangesien sommige bakterieë hierdie stoombehandeling kan oorleef. Die identifikasie en kwantifisering van verbaskosied in L. multiflora aftreksels, asook die hoër antioksidant inhoud vergeleke met rooibos en heuningbos verskaf moontlikhede vir verder navorsing in die terapeutiese aanwending van hierdie kruietee. Verbaskosied kan ook moontlik die basis vorm vir toekomstige kwaliteitskontrole van L. multiflora.
7
Van, Breda Shane Vontelin. "Immunohistochemical localisation of caffeine in young tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) leaves." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30944.
Full textAbstract:
The agricultural product using the top young shoots from the Camellia sinensis bush is known as tea. The leaves have many health benefits and contain high contents of antioxidants. The leaves contain caffeine, which is believed to be a phosphodiesterase inhibitor preventing the disposal of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and thus when consumed, cellular responses are up regulated, and people experience unwanted effects such as being unable to fall asleep. Caffeine is currently believed to be synthesized within chloroplasts and stored within the vacuoles of parenchyma cells. It is hypothesized that the molecule acts as a chemical defence as well as an aid in the sequestration of catechins and polyphenols within the vacuoles of parenchyma cells. Different methods of decaffeination exist using solvents such as methylene chloride, supercritical CO2, and using hot water. Each method has a specific disadvantage. Currently, the Swiss Water Process is a 100 % chemically free method of decaffeination for coffee beans, and a similar process should be envisaged for the tea decaffeination industry as there are many advantages over the other current methods of decaffeination.
The anatomical localisation of caffeine within young C. sinensis leaves was investigated using immunohistochemical methods, and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Preliminary fixation experiments were conducted with young C. sinensis leaves to determine which fixation procedure retained caffeine the best as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. High pressure freezing, freeze substitution, and embedding in Lowicryl K4M resin was deemed the best protocol as it retained most of the caffeine, and allowed for the samples to be sectioned with ease. Immunohistochemical localisation with primary anti-caffeine antibodies, and conjugated secondary antibodies on leaf sections proved at the tissue level that caffeine was localised and accumulated within vascular bundles, mainly the precursor phloem. Immunocytochemical studies using a secondary antibody conjugated to gold were attempted but were inconclusive. With the use of a pressure bomb, xylem sap was analysed by thin-layer chromatography, and the presence of caffeine was determined to be present in a small amount. We hypothesize that caffeine is synthesized in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic cells and transported to vascular bundles where it acts as a chemical defence against various pathogens, and predators. Complex formation of caffeine with chlorogenic acid is also discussed as this may also help explain caffeine’s localisation.
Using the knowledge acquired from microscopy analysis, and thin-layer chromatography analysis of xylem sap we investigated three possible methods of decaffeination; vacuum, pressure, and a combination of both. All were based on using the intercellular air within the young leaves to our advantage as this might act as a natural way to ‘squeeze’ caffeine out of its localised areas. Other possible methods of decaffeination were also attempted using hot water, and addition of an external PPO source for black tea production.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Biochemistry
MSc
Unrestricted
8
Lim, Jason. "Nationalism, tea leaves and a common voice : the Fujian-Singapore tea trade and the political and trading concerns of the Singapore Chinese tea merchants, 1920-1960." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0088.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] Conventional historical research on the tea trade focussed on the trade between the United Kingdom and China up to 1937. Very little has been done on the tea trade between China and other regions such as colonial Singapore. In addition, the focus on the overseas Chinese community in Singapore has concentrated on two opposite ends of the social ladder the rich traders or merchants who came to dominate the political, economic and social life of the community, and the coolies or those in the working class and how the harsh reality of life in colonial Singapore often quashed any dreams they had of a better life. The key focus of this dissertation is a study of the trading links between a group of Chinese traders in Singapore and commodity producers in China. To date, research into Chinese traders in Singapore has focussed on their trade in products from British Malaya such as rubber and tin. This dissertation aims to steer away from this approach, and study the relationship between Fujian tea production and trade and the Chinese tea traders in Singapore . . . This dissertation, therefore, takes a two-pronged approach. First, it examines the conditions in Fujian tea production and trade since they were the key trading concerns of the Chinese tea traders in Singapore. Secondly, the dissertation examines the political beliefs and sense of patriotism among the Chinese tea traders in Singapore and their response to major events in their lives such as the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), the Japanese Occupation of Singapore (1942-1945), the Chinese Civil War (1945-1949) and self-government for Singapore from June 1959.
9
Lim, Jason. "Nationalism, tea leaves and a common voice : the Fujian-Singapore tea trade and the political and trading concerns of the Singapore Chinese tea merchants, 1920-1960 /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0088.
Full text
10
Flaig, Mario [Verfasser]. "Characterization of the Volatile Sensometabolome of High-quality Green Teas and Studies on Changes in Tea Leaves Induced by the Manufacturing Process / Mario Flaig." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219478458/34.
Full text
11
Pospiech, Solveig [Verfasser], Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Ruppert, Hans [Gutachter] Ruppert, and Raimon [Gutachter] Tolosana-Delgado. "Geochemical Characterization of Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis) and Soils for Provenance Studies based on Compositional Data Analysis / Solveig Pospiech ; Gutachter: Hans Ruppert, Raimon Tolosana-Delgado ; Betreuer: Hans Ruppert." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188886843/34.
Full text
12
Desai, Meera Jay. "Development of Chiral LC-MS Methods for small Molecules and Their Applications in the Analysis of Enantiomeric Composition and Pharmacokinetic Studies." Ames, Iowa : Oak Ridge, Tenn. : Ames Laboratory ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2004. http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/837266-GaBf1y/webviewable/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.); Submitted to Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (US); 19 Dec 2004.Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "IS-T 2134" Meera Jay Desai. US Department of Energy 12/19/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.
13
Hilton, Bradley C. "Impacts of the leader team exercise on team performance." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18630.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of EducationDepartment of Educational Leadership
Sarah J. Fishback
In today’s interconnected world, teams must form quickly, learn and adapt to overcome challenges regardless of the environment. For example, complexity in responding to natural disasters or man-made political, economic and security crises often requires the ability to learn collaboratively to minimize human suffering and protect property. When teams find success, the operation succeeds beyond what a single organization can provide, but when teams fail they can make a bad situation worse. Leveraging an approach called a Leader Team Exercise (LTX), teams can generate the shared qualities of understanding, confidence and competence in a structured manner to accelerate learning and performance. This research study investigated the potential of an LTX through initial research in a within-subjects experimental design of the 161st Artillery Battalion, Kansas Army National Guard as they negotiated obstacles located on the Fort Riley, Kansas Field Leaders Reaction Course (FLRC). The quantitative data collected was evaluated employing non-parametric statistical tests to answer five research questions about the relationship of the LTX to dependent variables of team performance, shared understanding and shared confidence to further explore field observations of learning action teams. The study provides new knowledge to further advance understanding of the LTX and its relationship to team performance and learning. In addition, the study also offers a source of data as a foundation for future research to continue investigation into the full depth and breadth of the LTX in other settings and conditions. The study found a relationship among the dependent variables and the FLRC, as well as a relationship between the LTX and team demographics related to shared understanding and performance. The findings also advance the adult education body of knowledge about learning dynamics, which occur outside the classroom. The implications to improve teams that rapidly form, disband, and form again will impact adult learning in a wide spectrum of applications in the government, academia and industry. Finally, the study offers recommendations for future areas of research and practical application based on current knowledge for the Kansas National Guard and others who might use or plan on using the LTX in the future.
14
Kokt, Desere, and Werner Vermeulen. "The team leader and cultural diversity." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 2, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/452.
Full textAbstract:
Published ArticleIn a diverse working environment such as the South African situation, it is imperative that issues surrounding cultural diversity, and its impact on employees should be examined. This article reflects on a study conducted in the South African security industry, as one of the few industries that utilise diverse work teams as part of their operational success. The rational for using work teams will be explained, with an emphasis on the team leaders. The model of Eales-White (1996: 26) was applied to the development of the team member questionnaire, and the subsequent results will be reported.
15
Burress, Mary Ann. "The Relationship between Team Leader Behaviors and Team Performance and Satisfaction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278408/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study, a quasi experimental design, was to investigate the relationship between team leader behavior and team performance and satisfaction. This field research tested leader behavior dimensions from two theoretical models of team effectiveness: Hackman's (1992) "expert available coaching," and Cohen's (1994) "encouraging supervisory behaviors." The relationship between coaching behaviors and team performance, employee, and customer satisfaction was assessed. Manager behavior was assessed with the SMT Leader Survey (Burress, 1994), an instrument determined appropriate for team environments, that measures Communication, Administration, Leadership, Interpersonal Skills, Thinking, and Flexibility. Employee satisfaction and performance information was archival data provided by the organization. The results demonstrated that leader behavior is a less important component of team effectiveness than initially expected. Even though direct customer interaction was 25% of these manager jobs and considered the organization's most important predictor of corporate profitability, no relationship between leader behavior and customer satisfaction was found. Among the key findings was, that while flexibility differentiated leader behavior more than any other scale, its relationship with both team performance and team satisfaction was negative. Interpersonal skills were positively associated with team performance, while leadership was positively associated with team performance and satisfaction. The SMT data were factor analyzed and formed into three factors. Two were historical leadership constructs: consideration (which correlated positively with employee satisfaction) and structure. A third factor, decisiveness, was negatively related to team performance. This research determined some essential skills for managing high performance teams and improving employee satisfaction. The results indicate that managers in a team environment may need to alter their roles if high performance and employee satisfaction are organizational objectives. Possibilities include building and developing the corporation's business, creating in depth relationships with customers, and establishing alliances and partnerships with other organizations. These roles will require new manager skills which have the potential to increase manager job satisfaction and augment manager value to the corporation.
16
Lang, Markus. "The economics of professional team sports leagues /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783832268022.
Full text
17
Yu, Chien-Feng. "An I-P-O model of team goal, leader goal orientation, team cohesiveness, and team effectiveness." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3222.
Full textAbstract:
Based on a proposed input-process-output model of team goal, leader goal
orientation, team cohesion, and team effectiveness, this study examined the influences of
the leader trait goal orientation on the relationships between team goals and team
cohesion. Results from 73 five-person teams working on an interdependent command
and control simulation game indicated that team learning goal positively relates to team
viability. Social cohesion mediates the effects of a team learning goal on team viability.
In addition, the leaderÂs learning orientation moderates the effect of a team learning goal
on team task cohesion. Results of supplementary analyses are also presented. Theoretical
and practical implications are discussed, as well as possible limitations and directions for
future research.
18
Hayes, Heather A. "The Effects of Multiple Leader Emergence on Team Performance." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43972.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to aggregate the findings of three distinct areas of research into one model of team effectiveness. Specifically, it was hypothesized that, in accordance with prior research findings, aspects of personality related to social intelligence would predict informal leadership emergence. Furthermore, it was predicted that multiple leaders within a team would positively influence that team's subsequent level of performance, through the mediating influence of team mental model similarity and team mental model accuracy. Participants included 40 computer science and engineering teams, who completed their surveys at time one, whereas performance criterion measures were collected at time two. Contrary to prediction, results indicated that social intelligence was not a significant predictor of leadership emergence, and leadership dispersion did not directly impact team performance. However, leadership dispersion positively impacted team mental model accuracy, and team mental model accuracy and similarity positively affected subsequent team performance, as hypothesized. Therefore, the current study provides partial support for a model of team performance that takes into account multiple leadership within teams and its positive influence on the dissemination and development of important, task-related knowledge structures among team members.Master of Science
19
Furtado, Liliane Magalhães Girardin Pimentel. "Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) within team contexts: a look beyond the leader-member dyad." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17797.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Liliane Furtado (lilianempf@gmail.com) on 2017-01-16T14:52:37Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
TESE_COMPLETA_POS DEFESA.pdf: 1498726 bytes, checksum: f3c0d1c02f06ad3ad75265249c3de234 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-01-17T13:12:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_COMPLETA_POS DEFESA.pdf: 1498726 bytes, checksum: f3c0d1c02f06ad3ad75265249c3de234 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T13:15:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_COMPLETA_POS DEFESA.pdf: 1498726 bytes, checksum: f3c0d1c02f06ad3ad75265249c3de234 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-05
Leader–member exchange (LMX) theory focuses on the quality of the member’s exchange relationship with the leader. A fundamental tenet of LMX theory is that leaders develop different quality relationships with members in their teams. Research on LMX has almost exclusively focuses on LMX relationships as independent dyads within work groups. However, LMX relationship cannot be fully understood in isolation from the team contexts that shape it. As a result, LMX research has been criticized for failing to consider the role of the social context in the development of members’ perceptions of LMX. This deficiency prompted researchers to call for more research on LMX within the context of teams. Thus, this dissertation answer this call by considering LMX within the team context by exploring theoretical approaches that take into account the social context in which LMX is embedded. Drawing on LMX theory, social comparison theory and social network approach, I address this question through two empirical and independent papers aimed to consider LMX as systems of interdependent dyadic relationships, rather than independent dyads. Overall, the findings of this dissertation corroborate prior arguments that LMX theory represents not only a dyadic phenomenon, but also captures a complex multilevel phenomenon beyond the dyadic relationship. The contributions of these findings are discussed.
20
Kristensen, Martin, and Daniel Nilsson. "Kick off in the Scandinavian soccer leagues." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-12863.
Full textAbstract:
This study emphasizes on the Scandinavian soccer leagues team performance and what shapes it. This has been a widely discussed area where previous researchers have focused on factors such as organizational structure, organizational strategy, team level and individual level. The study takes this field to a new level with a combination of these factors in order to conceptualize team performance on a new level. The purpose with this study is to explain how organizational strategy, structure, team level and individual level factors affect team performance, in the Scandinavian elite soccer leagues. In order to investigate this phenomenon we have used a deductive approach. Further, this study emphasizes a quantitative approach where the data has been collected through a document analysis. In this study the findings indicates that the variables that has been chosen are highly correlated to team performance. However, due to the short time frame this study has fostered, it has been hard to generalize how the variables affect team performance. The limitations are that the study´s findings are only based on a two year span, which makes it hard to generalize the results. However, it is clear that the chosen variables have a significant impact on team performance in Scandinavian soccer leagues. The original value of this thesis is a new conceptualization on team performance within the soccer industry.
21
Haley, Roderick A. "Traits and Management Strategies Attributed to the Success of Virtual-team Leaders." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5713.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
The rapid advances in technology and the globalization of the economy have led corporate leaders to invest heavily in virtual teams to increase their global coverage. The problem in this phenomenological study was that many organizational leaders do not understand the extent to which they need to manage virtual teams differently from traditional, face-to-face teams. This is significant, because due to geographical differences and possibly cultural differences, virtual teams require various modes of communication. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of effective virtual-team leaders and the operational strategies employed to lead them. The answer to the research questions included strategies that virtual-team leaders applied to make their teams successful. The conceptual framework was comprised of the theories of transformational leadership and leader-member exchange. Data collection took place through open-ended interviews with 20 virtual-team leaders. Moustakas' modified version of the van Kaam analysis method was used to code and organize the data. The interview data were classified into common themes to provide a better understanding of the participants' perceptions and experiences. The results indicated that the primary virtual team challenges were communication and face-to-face connections. The strategies for managing these challenges included more open and scheduled communication, making sure the team members know their roles and responsibilities, and clear and concise goals and objectives from the virtual-team leaders. The implication for positive social change is that the effectiveness of virtual-team leaders may improve thus benefiting management, employees, and customers.
22
Lang, Markus [Verfasser]. "The Economics of Professional Team Sports Leagues / Markus Lang." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1164340840/34.
Full text
23
Kuehn, Susan. "Exploring U.S. Business Leaders' Strategies for Enhancing Team Communication." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2410.
Full textAbstract:
Many senior project managers (PMs) and other business leaders lack effective strategies for enhancing communication among their team members, thereby reducing profitability and organizational cohesion. The purpose of this exploratory case study was to explore communication strategies used by 22 PMs who were members of a project manager professional (PMP) association in Colorado, with 5 or more years of relevant experience and who worked at a leading technology company recognized for its effective PM communication strategy for enhancing business-team communication. The conceptual framework for this study was built on interpersonal, mass communication and profound leadership theories. PMs were interviewed, and those interviews were audio taped and transcribed. Transcripts were then analyzed based on a process of theory development and emergent themes comparison and combination. Member checking and review of interview transcripts strengthened the dependability and reliability of the final interpretations. Several emergent themes were identified, relating to standardized project communication strategy, project team building, and emotional intelligence (EI). The findings from this study may influence positive social change by helping managers promote more efficient communication strategies within their business organizations. Implications may include an increase in jobs, capital investments, vibrant economic sustainability, and new business opportunities. By implementing a standardized project communication strategy, team building, and EI, PMs can enhance project communication.
24
Haslop, Dennis. "Team leader autonomy in manufacturing companies' new product development." Thesis, Brunel University, 1996. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/1364.
Full textAbstract:
Management writers have emphasised that both new product development and innovation need to be stimulated in corporations if they are to prosper (Kanter, 1983; Lawrence and Dyer, 1983; Ouchi, 1981; Pascale and Athos, 1981) and they have focused mainly on issues of marketing and organisational behaviour and only to a limited extent on job autonomy. In the thesis aspects of team leader autonomy in new product development companies are investigated critically and empirically. The empirical study is based on data obtained from fifteen semi-structured interviews and two questionnaire surveys. The problems of managing and monitoring team leaders is discussed and conceptually represented in an improved definition of 'autonomy' originally proposed by Bailyn (1985). Autonomy is characterized in multi-dimensional terms and provides a new approach to understanding the complexity of team leader autonomy. Following a review of the literature and a grounded theory analysis of the pilot interview data, a number of common manifestations of autonomy were identified and subdivided into 'operational' and 'strategic' components. The findings of the pilot and main questionnaire studies into the level of team leader autonomy granted by top management are reported and analysed using correspondence analysis. 'Strategic' autonomy is found to reside primarily with senior management whilst team leaders are delegated more 'operational' autonomy. The literature on innovation cautions against too much hierarchical control but also draws attention to the top management dilemma of exercising responsibility and control of strategic tasks without stifling employees' technical competence and entrepreneurialism. A major finding from the main study is that in high technology types of company, management shares 'strategic" responsibilities with the team leader more than in other types of company. Top management cannot abrogate responsibility for directing and managing the company but, it is argued, a number of the strategic tasks could become more the responsibility of the team leader.
25
Swift, Thomas K. "Extending dilemma theory : the case for trade association team leaders." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402218.
Full text
26
Aiken, Juliet. "Virtually a leader mitigating process losses through shared team states /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9451.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
27
Fenwick, Rick Jr. "Examining empathy in team leader practices| A qualitative case study." Thesis, Capella University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10247362.
Full textAbstract:
In many organizational settings, companies use the team concept in order to accomplish organizational goals in a timely and efficient manner. In manufacturing settings, organizations use the team concept to complete tasks such as building products in bulk quantities, as well as provide safety to employees. In this type of setting, every team has a team leader who is responsible for providing support to the team members (coworkers) and ensuring that the team accomplishes organizational goals. In many organizations, there is a disparity in teams. Some teams are successful in completing organizational goals and have high team morale, while other teams struggle in meeting goals and have low team morale. Many possible factors play in to explaining why there are disparities in teams. One possible explanation for disparity in teams is empathy. The research study conducted was an exploratory qualitative case study involving interviews with 14 team leaders of an automotive factory in the United States. The purpose of the case study was to examine the role of empathy used by team leaders with their coworkers. The results from the data collection found the following themes: reciprocation, offering supportive behaviors, better work culture, relationship building, increased team morale, increased involvement in running the business, recognition, determining factors for deciding to use empathy, and connection with coworkers.
28
Carr, P. D. "The implementation of Just In Time manufacturing through team leaders." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3446.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the implementation of Just In Time manufacturing through team leaders. Western industry has failed to achieve the performance benefits experienced in Japan with the introduction of Just In Time, a manufacturing system based on the relentless elimination of waste. Criticism is emerging of the experience of employees of Just In Time. It is argued that stress levels are high and motivation is low. However, Just In Time relies on a new, more active, role for employees. A contradiction is apparent between the needs of Just In Time, in terms of the role played by employees, and the reality of their experience of a Just In Time working environment. Resolving this contradiction, while improving industrial performance, is the subject of this research. The research draws on knowledge from a wide range of fields. Work on Just In Time is combined with work on employee motivation, and the management of change. The role of the team leader emerges as a critical factor in the review of the literature. The implementation of Just In Time, through a focus on team leaders, utilising knowledge gained from socio-technical systems is tested in a year long, action research project with Alcan Aluminiurn at their Banbury extrusions factory. Survey evidence is gathered to analyse its impact. The results suggest that companies will benefit from the utilisation of the approach developed; the implementation of Just In Time through team leaders. There is substantial scope for further work to develop this approach to the implementation of Just In Time and to explore its application in other forms of change.
29
Comber, Evelyn. "Does team leader level of transformational leadership, emotional stability, conscientiousness, and agreeableness impact team member stress, trust, and team climate?" Thesis, Northern Illinois University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3639962.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines how personal characteristics of a team facilitator (transformational leadership, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability) impact team members' stress level, trust in leadership, and team climate. Participants comprised assessment teams in the student affairs of higher education, providing a unique perspective on a leadership role in which hierarchical positioning between the leader (facilitator) and follower was minimized.
Hypothesis 1 examined transformational leadership and three of the subscales of the Five-Factor Model (FFM)—agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability—as predictors of team stress. It was hypothesized that team facilitators who achieved higher scores would elicit lower team stress. This hypothesis was not supported.
Hypothesis 2 examined emotional stability and conscientiousness as predictors of team climate. It was hypothesized that higher-scoring facilitators would elicit a more positive team climate. This hypothesis had partial support on two of the independent variables. The higher the facilitator scored on conscientiousness, the higher the members rated Team Climate Inventory (TCI) subscale of Vision. The higher the facilitator scored on emotional stability, the lower the members rated the TCI subscale of Participant Safety.
Hypothesis 3 examined emotional stability as a predictor of trust: the higher the score elicited on emotional stable qualities, the higher the trust level. This hypothesis was not supported by the data.
Hypothesis 4 examined transformational leadership as a predictor of trust: the higher the score, the more trust gained. This hypothesis had full support, with transformational leadership being a reliable predictor of trust.
Hypothesis 5 examined agreeableness in predicting stress: those scoring moderately would alleviate stress. This hypothesis was not supported by the data.
Analyses were also conducted on team satisfaction and team performance. Trust, team climate, and stress were examined to predict team satisfaction and performance. For both satisfaction and performance, only one of the three predictors, the TCI, contributed significantly. As the team climate became more positive, team satisfaction and team performance also increased.
30
Strauss, J. J., A. F. Schlechter, and A. B. Boshoff. "The relationship between transformational leadership behaviours, team leader emotional intelligence and team commitment : an exploratory study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5682.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA (Industrial Psychology)) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2004.58 leaves printed on single pages, preliminary pages i- v and numbered pages 1-52. Includes bibliography, list of tables and figures. Digitized at 330 dpi black and white PDF format (OCR), using KODAK i 1220 PLUS scanner.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An exploratory study conducted in six 24-hour manufacturing plants, using the responses of 178 employees on a composite questionnaire, investigated the relationships between transformational leadership behaviours, team leader emotional intelligence and team commitment. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted on The Swinburne University Emotional Intelligence Test (SUEIT), the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), and the Team Commitment Questionnaire of Bennett and Boshoff. The results of a Pearson correlation analysis, Stepwise Multiple Regression and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis indicated that there are small but significant relationships between team commitment and transformational leadership behaviours, as well as between team leader emotional intelligence and team commitment. A significant relationship was found between transformational leadership behaviours and team leader emotional intelligence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 'n eksploratiewe studie wat in ses 24-uur vervaardigingsaanlegte onderneem is en wat die antwoorde van 178 werknemers op 'n saamgestelde vraelys ontleed het, is ondersoek ingestel na die verwantskap tussen transformasionele leierskapgedragspatrone, emosionele intelligensie van spanleiers en spanverbondenheid. 'n Eksploratiewe Faktor-Analise (EFA) en Bevestigende Faktor-Analise (BFA) is uitgevoer op die Swinburne Universiteit Emosionele Intelligensie Toets (SUEIT), die Multi-Faktor Leierskap Vraelys (MLV) en die Spanverbondenheid Vraelys van Bennett en Boshoff. Die resultate van die Pearson korrelasie analise, Stapsgewyse Meervoudige Regressie- en Struktuur Vergelykings Modelering (SVM) -analises het aangedui dat daar klein maar beduidende verwantskappe tussen spanverbondenheid en transformasionele leierskapgedragspatrone sowel as tussen spanleier emosionele intelligensie en spanverbondenheid bestaan. 'n Beduidende verwantskap is gevind tussen transformasionele leierskapgedragspatrone en spanleier emosionele intelligensie.
31
Latendresse, Frank J. III. "INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT FACILITATE AND RESTRICT BOUNDARY SPANNING OF TEAM LEADERS." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1151007725.
Full text
32
Baltos, Georgios, and Zoi Mitsopoulou. "Team formation under normal versus crisis situations: leaders' assessments of task requirements and selection of team members." Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10235.
Full textAbstract:
MBA Professional ReportThe blend of skills, attributes, and relationships among team members influences their mutual performance. This project addressed the team composition requirements for tasks that vary in uncertainty, risk, and time pressure. Military leaders were asked to identify necessary team member attributes for strategy, negotiating, and crisis response teams, and to compose potential teams from among their colleagues for each scenario. Their responses were combined with measures of relationships among potential teammates. Results indicated that team selection criteria change when organizational environmental factors change, and team leaders make selection decisions considering friendship, professional ties with and reliability of candidate team members. Motivation, professional capabilities, and leadership skills are the most preferred selection variables when the organizational situation is perceived as a crisis.
33
Dozier, Janelle Brinker. "Is whistle-blowing helping behavior? : a laboratory study of team member reporting of an unethical team leader." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272491581.
Full text
34
Dozier, Janelle Brinkler. "Is whistle-blowing helping behavior? : a laboratory study of team member reporting of an unethical team leader /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487588939087505.
Full text
35
Wong, Wing-wai, and 黃榮偉. "Job satisfaction of guidance team leaders in secondary schools of HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31958345.
Full text
36
Diaz, Granados Deborah. "Examining the impact of leader social distance on a multicultural team." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4753.
Full textAbstract:
Leading multicultural teams is one of the main challenges faced by today's leaders. The advantages often associated with multicultural teams (e.g., collaboration and integration of different knowledge, ideas, and approaches to a task) are often the major challenges in leading these teams. The literature on effective multicultural teams has identified leadership as an important factor for team effectiveness. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the effect of leader social distance in multicultural teams. A lab study was designed to test the impact of experimentally-manipulated leader social distance (socially close or socially distant) on the relationship between team member diversity and team affect, processes, and performance. Results varied for female and for male teams. Specifically, the nature of the interactions between leadership and team diversity depended on the specific cultural dimension measured and the gender of the team. In the end, the impact of diversity on culture in female teams was improved by close leaders (the relationships were positive), and worsened by distant leaders (the relationships were negative) for team affect, processes and viability. For male teams, the impact of diversity was always negative in both leader conditions; however, in distant leader conditions the relationship was more negative. Implications for theory and practice are discussed along with suggestions for future research.ID: 030646230; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-157).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology; Industrial and Organizational Track
37
Luo, Chia-Chyuan, and 羅家全. "Development of the Hydroextractor for Tea Leaves." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06216389762713967019.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東技術學院
機械工程技術研究所
84
In this study, seven equi-pitch screw axles with different pitches, i.e.3.75cm, 5.0cm, 7.5cm, 11.25cm, 15.0cm, 18.75cm and 22.5cm, were selected toperform dehydration test.The result showed that the wet-based moisture contentof tea-leave raw materials were about 78%, these seven equi-pitch screw axlescould dehydrate the tea-leave raw materials to wet-based moisture contentabout 70%, and the maximum running speeds for the dehydration were 100-110 rpmfor all axles. After this test, two unequi-pitch screw axles were selected toperform dehydration test, these two unequi-pitch screw axles could dehydratethe tea-leave raw materials to wet-based moisture content about 67%. Theresult for these unequi-pitch screw axles was better than the result for theseequi-pitch screw axles. After this test, the liquid from the processing wasanalyzed. The result showed that the values of TS and SS of the liquidincreased when the running speeds increased. Keyword: screw-press, tea- leaveraw materials
38
Yang, Ting-Yun, and 楊婷勻. "Chlorpyrifos Sorption in Tea Tree Soils and Photo-Degradation on Tea Leaves." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92873256655973049271.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土壤環境科學系所
102
Chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl), a phosphorothioate ester, is an efficient and commonly used pesticide in tea-growing regions in Taiwan. Due to its toxicity, the residue and transformation of chlorpyrifos on the leaves of tea trees and in soil planted with tea trees need to be investigated for the safety of tea drinkers and proper functioning of the ecosystems. The research was divides into two parts of (1) sorption and desorption of chlorpyritos on goethite and ferrihydrite, representative of the crystal and amorphous forms of Fe oxides, effect of humic acid and two types of soils grown with tea trees; (2) a direct photolysis and the possible photo-oxidation pathways of chlorpyrifos on the tender and old leaves of the tea trees irradiated by sunlight, ultraviolet light (UV) and visible light. Results showed that chlorpyrifos sorption by ferrihydride was greater than that of goethite, and both iron hydr(o)oxides have more adsorption in lower pH. The present of humic acid can promote the adsorption on goethite. However, the red soil, having high iron hydr(o)oxide contents, exhibited a greater sorptive ability of chlorpyrifos even if it contained lower organic matter. Indifferent to the light sources, the rates of photo-decompositions of chlorpyrifos proceeded more rapid on the surface of tender leaves than those of old ones, even if old ones reflect more light with epicuticular wax. The reason may be that the increasing of temperature on old leaves and the wavelength adsorption of chlorpyrifos itself. Under the photolysis, absorption of chlorpyrifos occurred simultaneously on the surfaces of leaves, and these reactions were enhanced with an increase of leaf temperatures. Our preliminary results of LC/MS/MS analyses indicated that the photo-degradations of chlorpyrifos would lead to the production of product of chloro-2-[pyridinyl-O,O-ethyl] thiophosphate through the dechlorination under the photolysis on solid and aqueous phase. Additonally, chlorpyrifos could transform to chlorpyrifos-oxon by the oxidation of P=S to P=O.It cleavaged.into TCP and DEP under the aqueous phase due to hydrolysis. However, under the solid phase, dechlorination of chlorpyrifos-oxon occurred primary.
39
Wu, J. R., and 吳振榮. "Using slurry injection and oxygen ashing GFAAS analysis tea leaves." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11625507418808348400.
Full text
40
Ho, Chun-Hui, and 何君慧. "Decaffeination of Paochung Tea Leaves by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72170264641290216232.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
88
The goal of this study was to remove caffeine from Pauchung tea leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide, while retained catechins in tea leaves. The processing parameters under investigation included flow rate and usage of carbon dioxide, operation temperature and pressure, and water content of tea leaves. It was found that when the flow rate of carbon dioxide was increased, the amount of caffeine being extraction was also increased, suggesting that the external mass transfer mechanism is of importance. An increase of flow rate provokes a decrease of film thickness, and thus modifies the film coefficient. On the other hand, when the flow rate of carbon dioxide was at 12.5ml/min, the least amount of catechins was extracted, suggesting that the solubility of catechins in supercritical carbon dioxide might be the limiting factor affecting their extraction. Increasing usage of carbon dioxide increased both of the extraction of caffeine and the gallate ester of catechins, but didn’t affect extraction of the non-gallate ester of catechins. The optimum ratio of carbon dioxide to tea leaves was 88:1(wt ratio). Under the processing conditions: carbon dioxide flow rate 12.5ml/min, carbon dioxide/leaves ratio 88/1, 313 oK and 25 MPa of pressure, one could extract 43% caffeine and retain 70% catechins, and most of retained catechins were the gallate ester of catechins. Extractability of caffeine increased with operation temperature and pressure. However, the extractability of EC, a non-gallate ester of catechins, increased with increasing water content of tea leaves as well as temperature. All of the three processing parameters affected extractability of EGC, another non-gallate ester of catechins. The water content of tea leaves, operation temperature and pressure didn’t affect extractability of ECG. But the extractability of EGCG increased with increasing water content of tea leaves. The best processing conditions to remove caffeine and retain catechins during supercritical carbon dioxide extraction were to add 25 weight % water into Pauchung tea leaves, and operated at a temperature of 333 oK, pressure 25 MPa, flow rate 12.5 ml/min, and CO2/tea leaves ratio of 88:1. The percent decaffeination was 50%, and 94% catechins in Pauchung tea leaves could be retained.
41
Fan, Chia-Chi, and 范嘉琦. "The Effect of Roasting Methods on Caffeine Content in Tea Leaves." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73897937671544901901.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
98
The caffeine content in tea leaves varies between 2 and 5 % by dry weight. Due to the adverse effects of caffeine, many methods have been explored for decaffeination, in efforts to remove or reduce the caffeine contained in plant materials. These methods included the traditional methods such as solvent extraction, water decaffeination, adsorption separating and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The recent developmental microbial and enzymatic degradation and breeding low caffeine tea varieties are also developed for removal of caffeine. Roasting methods profoundly influence the chemical composition of Paochung tea. In this study, Paochung tea were produced from TTES No.13. The processing parameters under investigation included temperature (80℃, 100℃, 120℃), duration (1, 3, 6, 9, 12 hr) and the number of times. Summer tea of 2008 was used and first roasting was done in autumn of 2008. Second and third roasting were done in 2009. The last roasting were in 2010. After roasting, caffeine and catechins were analyzed by HPLC. Caffeine content increased after roasting. Catechins content of tea increased slightly and then decreased with increasing of roasting duration and times. This study is based on the sublimation of the nature of caffeine. The technique of decompression sublimation was developed to decrease caffeine content of steamed green tea and paochung tea. The influence of temperature, pressure, time, moisture and granularity of tea leaves on decaffeination was investigated. At 60℃, - 600mm Hg and the water content of 5 wt %, after 12 hours, the decaffeination rate was 26 %. Caffeine can be effectively removed from tea leaves by decompression sublimation. It is a safe and inexpensive method for decaffeinating tea.
42
Lin, Chen-Ju, and 林真如. "Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Catechins Content of Tea Fresh Leaves." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71809405328121510154.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
99
The chemical composition of tea leaves may be effected by cultivars, geographical and climatic conditions, agronomic practice, and manufacture process. Ultraviolet radiation, a high energy radiation of light rays, is one of many environmental factors. When plants are put under ultraviolet stress, they are subject to UV radiation response, increasing plants’ UV-absorption secondary metabolites, which act as a filter, protect against UV damage. Polyphenols are the most soluble substances in tea, accounting for 30% of dry weight. Catechins are the most abundant group of polyphenols. Since health foods have become popular in recent years, scholars are interestied in the biological effects of catechin. There are many papers proving that catechins have antioxidants, and prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. Therefore, this study used ultraviolet radiation treatment on tea, to increase the catechins content in tea. In the first part, ‘TTES No. 12’ and ‘Ching Shin Oolong’ tea trees were used as material. Samples of each were placed in three separate temperature-controlled chambers. The first chamber was treated with UV-A, the second with UV-B, and the last was the control. The treatment time was one day, five days, one week and two weeks. The results found that the UV treatment affected the catechins content of tea leaves. After one day of UV-A treatment, epicatechin content increased both in ‘TTES No. 12’ and ‘Ching Shin Oolong’ tea leaves. However, the trend of other catechins content was not consistent. In the UV-B treatment, the epicatechin (EC) content increased in only the ‘Ching Shin Oolong’ tea leaves after one day. Regardless of the length of treatment time, the catechins content has a decreasing trend in both varieties of tea leaves after UV-B treatment. Using UV radiation in the field is inconvenient. In the second part of this study, fresh tea leaves were used as treatment material, to see whether the catechins content of tea leaves will change by UV radiation after harvest. Three different wavelengths of UV radiation, UV-A, UV-B and UV-C, were used in this postharvest treatment. Fresh ‘TTES No. 12’ leaves’ catechins content was lower than control after 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes of treatment by UV-B. But in the UV-A and UV-C experiment, the catechins content was reduced in the beginning, and then increased after a longer treatment time. This result may occur because of the absorption peak of catechins, so the response to UV-B was more obvious than to UV-A and UV-C. The result was not as expected. After UV treatment, catechins content of tea was reduced. However, the content of catechins in fresh tea leaves was significantly reduced by treating them with UV-B after harvest. This may be used in the green tea industry. Green tea is unfermented tea, so catechins will increase the bitter and astringent taste in tea. Before blanching, treating fresh tea leaves with UV-B may reduce the content of catechins in tea leaves and improve its quality. If this strategy works, it should be developed into a green tea process.
43
Yu, MengTing, and 余孟庭. "Comparisons of neonicotinoids residue in tea leaves from Taiwan and Japan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u4v9g3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
國際三校農業生技與健康醫療碩士學位學程
107
Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world. While Japan is famous for its green tea, Taiwan has many varieties, such as oolong, black tea, and mountain teas, which are also world-renowned. As the popularity of tea increases, food safety has been considered. Studies have indicated that there is a growing concern of pesticide residue in food and insecticides residue in tea. In Taiwan, neonicotinoids have become one of the most significant insecticides used in tea cultivation. Neonicotinoid is a major insecticide known to have adverse environmental effects and have contributed to infertility in bees as well as soil and water pollution. However, little is known of neonicotinoid residues in tea. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of neonicotinoids and their metabolites residues remaining in tea. 12 tea samples collected from the highest tea producing townships in Taiwan were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC/MS-MS). The results using maximum residue level (MRL) standards from Taiwan, Japan, the European Union, and China were compared with the previous study of Japanese tea (n=39). Our findings show that Taiwanese samples have a lower frequency of neonicotinoids while the median level of metabolites is higher than that of Japanese samples. Although thiacloprid was not detected in Taiwanese tea samples, its metabolite N-descyano-dehydro-thiacloprid was expressed, suggesting a hidden risk of neonicotinoids in tea. The levels of neonicotinoids in both Taiwanese and Japanese tea samples do not exceed their domestic MRL standards, whereas the levels of acetamiprid and imidacloprid do not meet the European Union standard. This study concludes that different residue standards among countries may affect export and import of tea and that metabolites residue in tea leaves should be a concern in a further study.
44
WANG, TE-HSIN, and 王德鑫. "Study on the Effect of Water Removal Rate of Fresh Tea Leaves on Fermentation Process in Oriental Beauty Tea Process." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9494db.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
工業管理學系
105
Oriental Beauty tea is mainly cultivated in Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Miaoli with an area of 4,000 hectares. Its annual output reaches 2,100 tons and the output value approaches 5 billion. Tea is currently the most suitable cash crop to be grown in Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, and other hilly areas. The safe farming practices of Oriental Beauty tea is also a crucial model for the future development. The current production of Oriental Beauty tea relies heavily on producers’ own experience. However, the tea production process tends to be affected by several environmental factors including weather, temperature, humidity and wind speed. Therefore, tea producers have difficultly controlling the degree of withering and fermentation of tea, which greatly affects the consistency of quality in every production. Oriental Beauty tea features the highest degree of fermentation among the partially fermented tea and the production process is very complicated. This study aims to explore the fermentation process of Oriental Beauty tea and propose a set of measurable parameters at different stages of production. We have found that the removal rate of water during the fermentation process can be applied to improve the tea production process. Tea producers can exploit this parameter to accurately estimate the production time and thus enhance the quality of tea production. To recapitulate, we have introduced a measurable parameter, the removal rate of water, to quantitatively characterize different stages throughout the tea production. In addition, we have set up a measurable standard in controlling the quality of Oriental Beauty tea.
45
Chen, Ching-Lu, and 陳靖露. "Research of Different Fermented Tea Leaves Extraction Technique and Taiwanese Featured Beverages Development." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p3zk2w.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄餐旅大學
餐飲創新研發碩士學位學程
103
This research focused on how Taiwanese Tea drinking culture evolve, and analyses the trend of Taiwanese bubble tea market. Also investigate on bubble tea consuming habit as well as used materials and ingredients. According to other tea researches, stated that ambient and low temperature has some advantages comparing to the traditional hot water method. Research was done on different levels of tea fermentation: Green tea, oolong tea, and black tea, and different tea extraction technique (ambient temperature, ultrasonic wave and low temperature). Consumer tea tasting survey was conduct to evaluate their preference; The result shows that between 3 different tea extraction technique, in terms of gross preference, ultrasonic and low temperature technique score the highest, which shows obvious difference in Green and Oolong tea, but does not express significant difference in Red tea. In terms of time consuming, ultrasonic extraction technique shows great efficiency, hence the following step of this study uses ultrasonic technique for innovative drink development. Use Taiwan local special ingredients and phycocolloid to make five featured low calorie tea jelly (Lemon Chamomile Tea Jelly, Rose Tea Jelly, Mint Tea Jelly, Grape Lavender Tea Jelly, and Chinese Herbal Tea Jelly). As for tea jelly tasting results, Rose Tea Jelly top the score with(7.04), Mint Tea Jelly scores the lowest with (5.64), nonetheless all five flavors were enjoyed by customers with score above 5.With the tasting results of tea extraction techniques and tea jelly, the following six innovative beverages were developed and rated: Green Tea Tropical Soda (6.78), Noble Lady Green Tea (7.34), Plum Oolong Tea (7.06), Banana Oolong Tea(7.16), Fruity Rainbow (6.72) and Kumquat Coffee Black Tea (6.52). All making procedure of the six beverages were standardized. It is expected that the results of this research can be applicable for related business owner.
46
Jia-JingKuan and 官佳靜. "Deciphering fungal community in tea leaves via metagenomics and discovering potential beneficial species." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n49ush.
Full text
47
CHEN, YU-SUAN, and 陳羽鉉. "The Study on New Product into Market- a case of tea leaves Recycling." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/763z46.
Full textAbstract:
碩士明道大學
企業高階管理碩士班
107
In this study, the introduction of new products into the market, the use of tea leaves residue to recover substances, the purpose of the research is to use tea leaves to make cat litter. Through data collection and discussion, the future of the combing comb will be made from the waste of tea leaves and made into environmentally friendly recycling. Through the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of products, we will introduce innovative business models and analyze the feasibility of business models in the market. In the study and provide practical tests, strong evidence is presented.
48
Teng, Yin-Hsuan, and 鄧穎軒. "Taxonomy of tea leafhopper Jacobiasca formosana (Paoli)(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and the effects of its feeding on plant tissues of tea leaves." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wsmdvh.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
101
White tip oolong tea, also referred to as Oriental Beauty or Puff Tea, is an exceptional tea in Taiwan. Its special honey aroma is induced by the infestation of tea green leaf hopper, Jacobiasca formosana (Poli), which belongs to the subfamily Typhlocybinae, tribe Empoasini. To better understand the interactions between the insect and the tea plant, studies were undertaken that included the taxonomy of green leaf hoppers, an examination of plant tissue variation after feeding by insects, and chemical change after infestation. Tea green leafhoppers from major tea gardens in Taiwan were sampled for taxonomic study of both molecular and morphological characters. Although the ITS2 gene shows low variations, the mitochondria COI gene shows high variations (up to 3.3%) among populations in different sites. The COI molecular clock indicates that a part of population in Luye diverged one million years ago and two major divergence among other populations occurred in 60 million years ago. The morphology of the female ovipositor shows differences between samples from Luye, Taitung, when compared to populations from other tea gardens. The morphological and molecular results suggests that the population from Luye might be a cryptic species while all other population appear to be a wide spread species. Free-hand sectioning revealed that the vascular tissue of tea leaf changes progressively color around phloem to xylene after feeding by tea green leafhoppers while the browning effect of physical damage confined in the area around the stabbing of minute pin. Samples were analyzed for fresh leaves and baked leaves with low, moderate and high degrees of infestations. Analyses of chemical composition through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that there are significantly more epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in highly infested fresh-leaf samples than in those with moderate and low infestation levels. This phenomenon does not hold for baked leaves. Analyses via gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed a higher content of volatiles in the highly infested samples which is congruent with the distinctive flavor of white tip oolong tea. This study provides a basic knowledge of the interactions between tea green leafhoppers and tea, and as well, a foundation for future research on the mechanisms of these taxa.
49
Chang, Hui-Jun, and 張慧君. "Labor Consciousness of Hakka Women：A Case Study of Tea Leaves Picker of E-mei." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30357243514521247056.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
客家社會文化研究所
97
E-rmei, a 46.8-square-kilometers town in Hsinchu County, locates at the hills between south Jhudong and Mt. Sitou, both of which are hills below 500 meters. May and June is the harvest season of the prestigious Taiwan Oolong tea—Oriental Beauty. The delicacy of the tea leaves leads to poor performance in mechanical operation and thus, the thriving of human practice in picking tea leaves. It results in the view of groups of Hakka women picking leaves in a skillful manner, most of whom have been doing this for more than ten years. To look into the rich life experiences of these Hakka women, we can not simply have an overview of tea industry in Ermei, but also construct the domestic culture based on their perspectives, and furthermore construct the life histories of these Hakka women, which is exactly the purpose of the research. Hakka women always be known of labor image, The thesis recognizes the disposition of labor work and house work of these women is not always the same, and the labor consciousness is also different when their ages change. To observe their labor life and find out the consciousness, tea leaves picking will be the most analysis of the thesis.
50
Han, Shun-An, and 韓舜安. "Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Antioxidant Activity Analysis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4ua7rh.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
化學工程與生物科技系化學工程碩士班
106
Tea is a popular and healthy beverage. Tea leaves enrich in nutrients which are beneficial to the human body, also of which contains catechins as natural antioxidants, with a variety of pharmacological functions. However, due to they also contains a large amount of caffeine, excessive intake may have a negative health effects. Traditional extraction methods made much disadvantages; such as organic solvent residues, environmental pollution, and to damage on heat-sensitive substances during heating and drying process. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction will have its advantage to better preserve its functional ingredients. In this study, fresh tea leaves were used as raw materials, which were previously freeze-dried to remove water and pulverizing, and then extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol as co-solvents. To investigate the effect of different temperatures, pressures, and co-solvent flow rates, the extraction conditions was optimized using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to increase the yield rate of caffeine. The total antioxidant content of the extracts were analyzed by determination of Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC). Then qualitative analysis was performed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of this study show that the speed of the co-solvent flow rate is the most important factor in the decaffeination. Caffeine is a polar substance, but carbon dioxide is non-polar. Therefore, the caffeine content was only 0.69-1.04 mg/g under low flow rate co-solvent conditions; conversely, the highest caffeine content was 3.84 mg/g at the extraction temperature of 50°C, pressure of 200 bar and co-solvent flow rate of 6 mL/min.