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Soukoulis, Steven. "The effects of a tea tree oil containing gel on chronic gingivitis /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dms721.pdf.
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Papadopoulos, Chelsea Jade. "Mechanisms of tolerance to Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." University of Western Australia. Microbiology and Immunology Discipline Group, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0141.
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[Truncated abstract] Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important opportunistic pathogen, is resistant to a wide array of functionally and structurally diverse antimicrobial agents including antibiotics, disinfectants and biocides. P. aeruginosa is more resistant than other Gram negative bacteria to tea tree oil (TTO), the essential oil steam distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia and comprised of over 100 terpene hydrocarbon components and their oxygenated derivatives. TTO is an established topical antimicrobial agent, with antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties. Intrinsic antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in P. aeruginosa include the low permeability of the outer membrane and expression of multi-drug efflux pumps. A series of multi-drug efflux mutants from the resistance-nodulation-cell division family was obtained and their susceptibility to TTO and several components examined. This demonstrated that TTO and the components terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole and a-terpineol were substrates of MexAB-OprM, using both pump deletion mutants and the pump inhibitor Phe-arg ß-naphthylamide dihydrochloride. In complementation studies, the addition of mexAB-oprM to deletion mutants restored susceptibility to these agents to that of the wild-type, confirming the role of MexAB-OprM in tolerance to TTO and these three components. ... An increase in susceptibility to ticarcillin and Timentin occurred in PAO1 following serial subculture in terpinen-4-ol. Susceptibility to ticarcillin has been associated with expression of the MexCD-OprJ system in P. aeruginosa. A library of transposon mutants was created to find additional mechanisms by which P. aeruginosa could tolerate TTO. The library yielded a total of 20 mutants that were more susceptible than parental strains to TTO and/or terpinen-4-ol. The insertion site of the transposon was identified in 14 mutants and, in four mutants, this was a gene related to flagellar biosynthesis. Flagella deficient mutants have previously demonstrated enhanced susceptibility to the membrane-disrupting surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate and this echoes the increased susceptibility to TTO and terpinen-4-ol observed. Three non-sibling surA mutants were also identified. SurA is involved in the correct folding of outer membrane proteins, including porins, in Gram negative bacteria: surA mutants of Escherichia coli have phenotypes that are characteristic of a defective cell envelope, including an increased susceptibility to hydrophobic agents. The increase in susceptibility to hydrophobic TTO and terpinen-4-ol in the surA mutants is consistent with this and represents the first report linking SurA function to antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, several Mex efflux systems of P. aeruginosa including MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN, as well as the LPS core, outer membrane integrity and a functioning flagella biosynthetic pathway contribute to the tolerance of this organism to TTO and/or several components.
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Hislop, Lennie K. "The transdermal absorption of tea tree oil and potential anti-inflammatory properties." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/361589/.
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Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree oil) is commonly used by the general public in the treatment of superficial dermatological conditions. There is a growing body of evidence to support its use as an anti-fungal and anti-bacterial agent. However, there is little evidence of the in vivo penetration of components of the oil through the skin, imperative to ensure its use is directed appropriately and safely. Furthermore the extent of TTO’s ability as an anti-inflammatory agent and its potential mode of action are not know. This thesis describes the adaption and validation of the method in vivo dermal microdialysis in order to identify and quantify components of tea tree oil present at the dermal epidermal junction following the topical application of 100% TTO. In vitro investigations identified that the addition of hydroxypoply –β-cyclodextrin to the perfusate, the adjustment of flow rate and the use of cuprophan membranes ensured optimal recovery of components. Furthermore tape stripping was utilized to identify components present within the stratum corneum (SC). These methods were coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and were successful in the identification and quantification of terpinen-4-ol, 115.64±28.1 (ng±SEM) and 1,8 cineole, 15.05±2.6 at the dermal epidermal junction (n=10). Also the presence of 9 hydrophilic and lipid components (overall subjects) were observed within this top layer of epidermis (n=7). In addition the potential anti-inflammatory action of TTO and its component T-4-ol is investigated in vitro using the HaCaT cell line (model keratinocytes) including exploration of a potential mode of action. An inflammatory action was induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the cell supernatant analysed using the MSD™ electronchemiluminesence assay. A statistically significant increase in the release of IL1β was observed when non-stimulated HaCaT cells were incubated with TTO (not T-4-ol alone), compared to control (medium alone). Furthermore a statistically significant increase in IL6 was observed when non-stimulated HaCaT cells were incubated with TTO and T-4-ol compared with the incubation of stimulated HaCaT cells with the oil and its component. Investigation into the effect of TTO and T-4-ol on the transcription factor NFқB demonstrated that the oil and its component did not exert its effect by initiation of this pathway. The findings of this research have implications for clinical practice, particularly in the use of TTO on areas of dermatological inflammation and its use on ‘healthy’ skin.
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Swanepoel, Susanna Jacoba. "Formulation of cosmetic products for the treatment of acne containing tea tree oil and salicyclic acid / Susanna Jacoba Swanepoel." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/924.
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Acne is a skin disease that affects most adolescents and young adults. There are four
abnormalities in acne namely, sebum production, inflammation, hyperkeratosis and the
presence of Propionobacterium acnes. To treat acne effectively it has been proved that
combinational therapy is essential to be able to eliminate all four abnormalities. Both
salicylic acid and tea tree oil have the properties to eliminate the four abnormalities of
acne. These active ingredients were therefore chosen to be formulated into one
cosmetic acne product.
These two active ingredients were formulated into five different acne products, i.e. a
cream, gel, ointment, soap bar and a cover stick. All of these products contained 2%
salicylic acid and 3% tea tree oil. The formulations had to be of such nature that they
would not irritate the skin or worsen the acne.
After formulation, the products were placed under a three-month accelerated stability
testing procedure. The products were stored at different temperatures and humidities.
Stability indicating tests were carried out on all of the products throughout the three
months.
All five products proved to be stable over the three-month stability testing period. During
release rate studies with the enhancer cell dissolution technique, the gel showed the
highest amount of salicylic acid released in comparison to the other products, whereas
the ointment proved to release the highest amount of tea tree oil. Zone inhibition studies
were not conducted as two previous studies have already proved that a correlation
exists between zone inhibition and the release rate.
This study produced five new cosmetic acne formulations that remained stable
throughout the study and therefore they can be used to treat acne effectively.Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Zekert, Ashley Elizabeth. "Effect of Alternative Household Sanitizing Formulations Including: Tea Tree Oil, Borax, and Vinegar, to Inactivate Foodborne Pathogens on Food Contact Surfaces." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35775.
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Current trends indicate that American consumers are increasingly selecting products that they believe to be environmentally friendly or â natural.â In the kitchen, this trend has been expressed through greater desire for using alternative or â greenâ sanitizers instead of bleach or other common chemical sanitizers. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of one suggested alternative, tea tree oil, as a food contact surface sanitizer. Three foodborne bacterial pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes N3-031 serotype 1/2a, Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain E009, and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028) were applied separately onto three different food contact surfaces (high density polyethylene, glass, and Formica® laminate). Tea tree oil (TTO), borax, and vinegar (5% acetic acid) were applied individually as well as in combination for a total of seven treatment solutions. In addition, household bleach (6.15% sodium hypochlorite), sterile reverse osmosis (RO) water, and no applied treatment were used as controls. Treatments were tested using an adaptation of the Environmental Protection Agency DIS/TSS-10 test method, whereby each contaminated surface was treated with 100 µl of test solution and held for 1 min followed by submersion in neutralizing buffer and microbiological plating. Samples (0.1 ml) were plated onto TSA and incubated at 35°C for 48 h prior to colony counting. Bleach reduced microbial populations significantly with greater than 5-log reduction reported for all surfaces (Formica® laminate, glass, and HDPE), against E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium. TTO produced reductions between four and five logs for E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium and was not statistically different from the vinegar treatment (P>0.05). All combination recipes, including the borax treatment, failed to produce reductions in microbial populations at levels considered to be appropriate for food contact surface sanitizers. Surface type did not play a significant role in the effectiveness of the treatment (P>0.05). Although TTO and vinegar did reduce pathogen populations on surfaces, reductions were not sufficient enough to be considered an equally effective alternative to household bleach.Master of Science in Life Sciences
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Low, Wan Li. "Lipsome encapsulated antimicrobial metal ions and essential oils." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/219012.
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This study investigates the feasibility of using TTO and Ag+ alone and in combination either as free or liposome encapsulated agents. Based on the minimum lethal concentration (MLC), the fractional lethal concentration index (FLCI) showed that treatment with unencapsulated combinations of TTO and Ag+ exerted a synergistic effect against P. aeruginosa (FLCI = 0.263) and indifferent effects against S. aureus and C. albicans (0.663 and 0.880, respectively). Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) emulsified agents in combination, showed synergistic effects against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (FLCI = 0.325 and 0.375, respectively), but C. albicans remained indifferent (FLCI = 0.733). Time kill experiments revealed that the combined agent concentrations and elimination time (to the lowest limit of detection, LOD) are as follows: C. albicans: 0.12%v/vTTO:2.5x10-4Ag+:1.5hrs, P. aeruginosa: 1%v/vTTO:3.2x10-4Ag+:15mins and S. aureus: 1.2%v/vTTO:3.2x10-4Ag+:30mins. Repeating these experiments with emulsified TTO encapsulated in liposomes (lipo-TTO:PVA30-70kDa) against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus reduced the effective amount of TTO required (compared to free TTO). However, this was not observed in C. albicans. The required effective concentration of Ag+ from liposome encapsulated Ag+ (lipo-Ag+) was shown to remain the same as free Ag+. The effective concentration and elimination time of liposomal agents in combination are as follows: C. albicans: 0.05%v/vTTO:PVA:8.9x10-5Ag:PVA:2.0hrs, P. aeruginosa: 0.25%v/vTTO:PVA:3.2x10-4Ag:PVA:30mins and S. aureus: 0.05%v/vTTO:PVA:6.0x10-4Ag:PVA:1.5hrs. These results showed the potential of using TTO and Ag+ in combination, along with liposome delivery systems to effectively lower the MLC. Scanning electron micrographs of microorganisms exposed to Ag+ showed a reduction in cell size when compared to untreated cells. Transmission electron micrograph of C. albicans showed the cell surface damaging potential of Ag+. Furthermore, this investigation also demonstrated the feasibility of using chitosan hydrogels as an alternative delivery system for TTO and/or Ag+. The development of these controlled release systems to deliver alternative antimicrobial agents may allow sustained targeted delivery at microbiocidal concentrations.
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Rahman, S. M. Ashrafur. "Experimental investigation of essential oils in a diesel engine." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/121763/2/__qut.edu.au_Documents_StaffHome_StaffGroupH%24_halla_Desktop_S.%20M.%20Ashrafur%20Rahman%20Thesis.pdf.
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The potential use of waste stream essential oils were evaluated as fuel supplements for diesel vehicle/machinery used by producers of these oils. Orange, eucalyptus and tea tree oils were selected; which are native to and/or extensively cultivated throughout Australia. These essential oils are mainly used in the medical and natural therapy sector as well as fragrance and flavouring industry. The high quality of the final product leads to a significant very low value waste stream. Engine performance and emissions evaluation showed that essential oils are comparable to diesel fuel. Their use will help to reduce diesel dependency and fuel costs.
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Gnatta, Juliana Rizzo. "Comparação da eficácia antimicrobiana de sabonetes contendo óleo essencial de Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) e triclosan na higienização de mãos artificialmente contaminadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-23082012-154731/.
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Introdução. Os efeitos antimicrobianos dos óleos essenciais têm sido relatados na literatura científica, sobretudo referentes ao óleo essencial de Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). Tal óleo essencial tem demonstrado propriedades antissépticas e pode representar uma alternativa de um produto natural para higienização das mãos nos estabelecimentos de assistência à saúde que por ora utilizam predominantemente produtos à base de triclosan e clorexidina. Objetivo. Avaliar a eficácia da higiene das mãos na redução da carga microbiana realizada com duas formulações de sabonetes líquidos já disponíveis no mercado, contendo: óleo essencial de Tea Tree 0,3% e sabonete com triclosan na concentração de 0,5%; comparar dois procedimentos referência, sendo um da metodologia oficial (soft soap) e o outro da versão draft (soft soap + propan-2-ol). Método. Foram utilizadas as diretrizes da metodologia do Comitê Europeu de Padronização, EN 1499, indicada para avaliar a eficácia antimicrobiana de produtos para higiene das mãos. A metodologia recomenda a contaminação artificial das mãos de 12 a 15 voluntários sadios com Escherichia coli K12, seguida pela higienização das mãos com cada produto em avaliação. Ainda segundo a metodologia, os resultados além de serem comparados entre si, são comparados com um sabão de referência (soft soap), no mesmo voluntário, dia e sob condições ambientais semelhantes. Foi realizada a contagem do número de microrganismos antes (pré-valores) e após (pós-valores) cada procedimento. O fator de redução logaritimica entre os pré e pós-valores representou a atividade antimicrobiana de cada produto testado, permitindo evidenciar a eficácia dos produtos em teste comparativamente ao produto referência (soft soap seguido ou não por propan-2-ol). Resultados. Em termos de redução logarítmica, o sabonete contendo óleo essencial de Tea Tree à 0,3% foi mais eficaz do que o sabonete contendo triclosan à 0,5% (3,89 log10 x 3,59 log10), porém, pelo teste de Wilcoxon, não houve diferença estatisticamente signficante. Em relação à eficácia antimicrobiana, nenhum dos dois sabonetes apresentou desempenho superior a nenhum dos dois procedimentos referência (soft soap ou soft soap + propan-2-ol). O procedimento de higienização das mãos de referência utilizando soft soap + propan-2-ol (proposto pela versão draft da metodologia EN 1499), demonstrou-se mais eficaz do que apenas o uso do soft soap (descrito na metodologia oficial).Introduction. The antimicrobial effects of essential oils have been reported in scientific literature, especially about essential oil of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). This essential oil has shown antiseptic properties and may represent a natural and alternative product for hand hygiene in health care establishments that currently use products based on triclosan and chlorhexidine. Objective. Evaluate the efficacy of hand hygiene in reducing microbial load performed with two differents formulations of liquid soaps available: Tea Tree essential oil 0.3% soap and triclosan 0.5% soap; compare two references procedure, one of the official methodology (soft soap) and one of the draft version (soft soap + propan-2-ol). Method. Was used the guidelines of the European Committee for Standardization, EN1499 methodology, indicated to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptics for hand hygiene. The methodology recommends the artificial contamination of hands from 12 to 15 healthy volunteers with Escherichia coli K12 followed by washing hands with each product under evaluation. According to the methodology, results should be compared between products and with a reference soap (\"soft soap\"), in the same subject, same day and under similar environmental conditions. Were counted the number of microorganisms before (pre-values) and after (post-values) handwashing. The logarithmic reduction factor between pre-and post-values represents the antimicrobial activity of each product under test, showing the efficacy of products under test compared to the reference product (soft soap follwed or not followed by propan-2-ol). Results. In terms of logarithmic reduction, the soap containing the tea tree essential oil 0.3% was more efficacious than the soap containing 0.5% triclosan (3,89 log10 x 3,59 log10). However, the Wilcoxon test does not detected statistically significant diference. Regarding the antimicrobial efficacy, none of the two soaps showed superior performance to either references procedure (soft soap or soft soap + propan-2-ol). The procedure for reference hand hygiene using soft soap + propan-2-ol, (proposed by the draft version of the methodology EN 1499) showed to be more efficacious than use only soft soap (described in the oficial methodology).
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Vasconcelos, Rodrigo Arruda. "Estudo do pH e atividade antimicrobiana sobre Enterococcus faecalis de medicação intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio associada ao óleo de melaleuca, clorexidina ou farnesol /." Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138887.
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Orientador: Juliane Maria Guerreiro TanomaruBanca: Denise M Spolidorio
Banca: Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
Resumo: Medicações intracanal (MIC) são utilizadas para complementar a desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares. A associação de antimicrobianos ao hidróxido de cálcio visa aumentar sua ação. As MIC (Capítulo 1) hidróxido de cálcio (HC)/óleo de melaleuca (OM) 4,5%/polietilenoglicol 400 (PL), HC/OM 9%/PL, HC/CLX 0,4%/PL e HC/PL (Capítulo 2) HC/farnesol (FAR) 4,5%/PL, HC/FAR 9%/PL e HC/PL foram analisadas. O teste de contato direto sobre células planctônicas (Capítulos 1 e 2) foi realizado utilizando suspensões das MIC. O teste de contato direto das MIC sobre briofilme (Capítulo 2) foi realizado em blocos de dentina bovina (5mm x 5mm x 0,7mm) com biofilme de Enterococcus faecalis induzidos por 15 dias e contato com as suspensões das MIC por 6 horas. A efetividade antibacteriana (Capítulos 1 e 2) foi avaliada em canais radiculares de dentes de humanos extraídos. Canais radiculares de dentes unirradiculares padronizados em 15mm foram preparados até MTwo #40/.04 e contaminados com E. faecalis por 21 dias. As MIC foram mantidas no canal durante 7 dias. A primeira coleta (C1) foi realizada após período de contaminação, a segunda coleta (C2), imediatamente após a remoção das MIC e terceira coleta (C3), realizada 7 dias após a remoção das MIC. Foi realizada contagem de UFCmL-1. O pH foi avaliado após preenchimento de tubos de polietileno (Capítulos 1 e 2) com as pastas por 12 horas, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. A difusão de íons hidroxila por meio de dentina bovina (Capítulos 1 e 2) foi ava... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Intracanal medications (ICM) are used to complement desinfection of the root canal system. The association of antimicrobials to calcium hydroxide aims to improve its action. The ICM (Chapter 1) calcium hydroxide (CH)/tea tree oil (TTO) 4.5%/polyethylene glycol 400 (PL), CH/TTO 9%/PL, CH/chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.4%/PL e CH/PL (Chapter 2) CH/farnesol (FAR) 4.5%/PL, CH/FAR 9%/PL and HC/PL were analysed. Direct contact test against E. faecalis planktonic cells (Chapters 1 and 2) was performed by using suspension of ICM. Direct contact test on biofilm (Chapter 2) was performed on bovine dentin blocks (5mm x 5mm x 0.7mm) with E. faecalis biofilms induced by 15 days and contact with the suspensions of ICM for 6 hours. Antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated in root canals of extracted human teeth (Chapters 1 e 2). Standardized single-rooted teeth with 15mm were prepared up to #40/.04 MTwo and contaminated with E. faecalis for 21 days. As ICM were kept within the root canals for 7 days. The first sample (S1) was performed after contamination, S2 immediately after the ICM removal and S3 7 days after the ICM removal.It was performed UFCmL-1 count. pH was evaluated after filling the polyethylene tubes (Chapter 1 and 2) with the ICM for 12 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The diffusion of hydroxyl ions through the bovine dentin (Chapters 1 and 2) was evaluated after filling root canals of bovine teeth after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 days. Data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Thompson, Gillian Ann. "A randomised control trial of tea tree oil 5% body wash versus standard care body wash to prevent colonisation with meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in critically ill adults." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580124.
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Background To determine effectiveness of 5% tea tree oil (TTO) body wash in preventing colonisation with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in critically ill adults. A systematic review of the literature found that tea tree oil was effective in killing MRSA in the laboratory setting, and it was a promising intervention to treating MRSA colonisation in the clinical setting. However, there was no evidence of its effectiveness in preventing MRSA colonization. Methods To investigate this further, a prospective, randomized controlled trial was undertaken in a large intensive care unit in the United Kingdom (UK). Patients were assigned to one of two groups, to be washed daily with one of the following interventions: 5% TTO body wash or standard care body wash for the duration of their stay in Intensive Care. Nasal and groin swabs were taken on admission and discharge from the unit and the primary outcome measure was new MRSA colonization. Results There were 391 patients that completed the trail. The trial was terminated early due to low accrual and therefore the study was underpowered to detect a statistical difference. The results showed a 2.5% difference in colonization rates in favour of TTC but the difference was not statistically significant (95% Cl -8.95 to 3.94, p=O.50) nor clinically significant. Although TTO cannot be recommended for preventing MRSA colonization, this study adds to the body of nursing research in many ways. First, it is a useful pilot study that provides important insights for further research in this area. Second, it highlights that tea tree oil is safe to use and well tolerated.
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Freitas, Rafael Alves de. "AVALIAÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS PUROS E MISTO DE ÓLEO DE CRAVO E MELALEUCA, NA SEDAÇÃO DE TILÁPIA DO NILO (Oreochromis niloticus)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2552.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-24The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in hematological parameters of Nile tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus ) according sedation due to different tea tree oil and clove combinations. 230 fish were used with 66 g ± 18.56 g, clove oil submitted to solutions containing 0%, 20%, 40%, 60 %, 80% and 100% tea tree oil. at a concentration of 100 mg - L, a total of 6 treatments and the control group. So, we used 20 transparent plastic buckets 1.5 liter , 6 and 10 liter aquariums. Where the fish were individualized for observation of sedation and recovery times, at the time the fish reached stage 5 sedation, were selected for blood collection, that repeated 1 hour and 24 hours after sedation, with 10 fish every collect. The analysis of pH , dissolved oxygen, ammonia water and fish biometrics occurred before sedation, and at the time of each blood collect. The results showed that the clove oil , and tea tree oil solutions influence on hematological parameters, in the time sedation and fish behavior. It can be concluded that the tea tree oil is suitable for sedation Nile tilápia. At the same time it is concluded that the tea tree oil can be used in conjunction with clove oil with the objective of mitigating the negative effects caused by pure clove oil
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as alterações dos parâmetros hematológicos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus ) em função da sedação com diferentes combinações de óleo de cravo e melaleuca. Foram utilizados 230 peixes com 66 g ± 18,56 g, submetidos a soluções de óleo de cravo com 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100% de óleo de melaleuca, a uma concentração de 100 mg-L, totalizando 6 tratamentos e o grupo controle. Assim, foram utilizados 20 baldes plásticos transparentes de 1,5 litros, e 6 aquários de 10 litros, onde os peixes foram individualizados para observação dos tempos de sedação e recuperação. No momento em que os peixes alcançaram o estágio 5 de sedação, foram selecionados para coleta de sangue, que se repetiu 1 hora e 24 horas após a sedação, com 10 peixes a cada coleta. A análise do pH, oxigênio dissolvido, amônia da água e biometria dos peixes ocorreu antes da sedação, e no momento de cada coleta de sangue. Os resultados mostraram que as soluções de óleo de cravo e óleo de melaleuca influenciaram nos parâmetros hematológicos, no tempo de sedação e no comportamento dos peixes. Pode-se concluir que o óleo de melaleuca é apropriado para sedação de tilápia do Nilo. Paralelamente conclui-se que o óleo de melaleuca pode ser usado em associação com óleo de cravo com o objetivo de amenizar os efeitos negativos causados pelo óleo de cravo puro.
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Castro-Núñez, Gabriela Mariana. "Avaliação de propriedades físico-químicas e antimicrobianas sobre Enterococcus faecalis do mineral trióxido agregado associado a óleo de melaleuca ou farnesol /." Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138909.
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Orientador: Juliane Maria Guerreiro TaomaruResumo: O Mineral Trióxido Agregado (MTA) é um biomaterial reparador, suas propriedades antimicrobianas podem ser favorecidas pelo acréscimo de substancias naturais como o Óleo de Malaleuca (OME) e o Farnesol (FAR). OME e é um óleo essencial, e Farnesol, um sesquiterpeno, ambos apresentam propriedades antibacterianas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades físico químicas e antimicrobianas das associações MTA/OME 1%, MTA/OME 2%, MTA/FAR 1% e MTA/FAR 2% e compará-los com o MTA. Métodos: Os testes seguiram especificações da ISO e ADA. O tempo de presa inicial (TPI) e final (TPF) foram medidos com agulhas Gilmore. A solubilidade foi calculada pela perda de massa após 7 e 30 dias. A alteração volumétrica em micro-ct foi analisada nos períodos de 7 e 30 dias. A radiopacidade foi verificada com radiografias dos materiais e escala de alumínio. O pH foi mensurado com pHmetro digital. A atividade antibiofilme foi analisada pela redução de biomassa de biofilme de Enterococus faecalis após contato com o material, pelo Ensaio de Cristal Violeta (CV). O teste de Contato Direto Modificado (DCTM) foi avaliado após plaqueamento e contagem de Unidades Formadoras de Colônia por ml (UFCmL-1). Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Tukey, com 5% de significância. Este estudo foi dividido em dois capítulos: CAPÍTULO 1: Este estudo avaliou propriedades físico-químicas e antimicrobianas do MTA, MTA/OME 1% e MTA/OME 2%. Resultados: Radiopacidade e solubilidade foram semelhantes par... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a restorative biomaterial, its antimicrobial properties can be favored by natural substances increase as Tea tree oil (TTO) and Farnesol (FAR). TTO is an essential oil, and farnesol is a sesquiterpene, both have antibacterial properties. The main of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the associations: MTA/OME 1%, MTA/OME 2%, MTA/FAR 1% and MTA/FAR 2% in comparison with MTA. Methods: The tests followed ISO and ADA specifications. The initial setting time (IST) and final (FST) were measured with Gilmore needles. The solubility was calculated by weight loss after 7 and 30 days. Volumetric alteration in micro-CT was analyzed at 7 and 30 days. Radiopacity was observed with X-rays of the materials and aluminum scale. The pH was measured with a digital pH-meter. The antibiofilm activity was analyzed by reducing biomass biofilm Enterococcus faecalis after contact with materials, Crystal Violet Assay (CV) and Direct contact test Modified (DCTM) biofilm was previously induced and analysed by the counting of colony-forming units (CFUmL-1). The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test, with 5% significance. This study was divided into two chapters: Chapter 1: This study evaluated the physico-chemical and antimicrobial properties of MTA, MTA/OME 1% and MTA/OME 2%. Results: Radiopacity and solubility were similar for the three materials (p> 0.05). IST and FST was lower for MTA and higher for MTA/OME 2% (p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Chong, Adeline Yang Li. "The effects of chlorhexidine containing toothpastes and tea tree oil containing mouthwashes on plaque and gingival inflammation : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Masters [sic] of Dental Surgery (Periodontics)." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dmc548.pdf.
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Casalle, Nicole. "Susceptibilidade de carcinoma espinocelular oral ao óleo essencial de Melaleuca Alternifolia e suas principais porções solúveis /." Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144695.
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Orientador: Cleverton Roberto de AndradeResumo: O óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil - TTO) é composto por aproximadamente 100 componentes, sendo que os de maior concentração são o terpinen-4-ol e gama-terpineno. Os estudos da sua capacidade citotóxica têm demonstrado efeito sobre linhagens neoplásicas malignas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade citotóxica e mutagênica do TTO e seus componentes, terpinen-4-ol e gama terpineno em culturas celulares. Duas linhagens de carcinomas espinocelulares orais e uma linhagem de ceratinócitos foram analisadas por: (1) Análise colorimétrica de Metiltetrazolium (MTT); (2) Teste do Micronúcleo. Os resultados foram expressos na forma de ensaios de susceptibilidade e grau de mutagenicidade. Posteriormente foram analisados por one-way Anova com pós-teste de Tukey. Os valores de IC50 obtidos nas análises de MTT das células expostas ao TTO foram de 0,2% para a HaCaT, 0,14% para a HSC-3 e 0,17% para a SCC-25. Para a exposição ao terpinen-4ol, os valores de IC50, foram 0,5%, 0,3% e 0,45% para as linhagens HaCaT, HSC-3 e SCC-25, respectivamente. O gama-terpineno, não demonstrou atividade citotóxica expressiva, não sendo possível calcular o IC50. O TTO não demonstrou mutagenicidade nas linhagens HaCaT e HSC-3. O terpinen-4-ol, não foi capaz de produzir mutagenicidade em nenhuma das linhagens em estudo. Conclui-se que tanto o TTO quanto o terpinen-4-ol apresentam capacidade citotóxica sobre as linhagens HaCaT, HSC-3 e SCC-25. O TTO não foi mutagênico nas linhagens... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil - TTO) consists of about 100 components, and the highest concentration are terpinen-4-ol and gammaterpinene. Studies of their cytotoxic capacity have shown effect on malignant neoplastic lineages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic capacity of TTO and main soluble components, terpinen-4-ol and gama-terpinene in cell cultures. Two lineages of oral squamous cell carcinoma and a keratinocyte cell were analyzed: (1) colorimetric analysis Metiltetrazolium (MTT); (2) Micronucleus assay. The results were expressed as susceptibility tests and degree of mutagenicity. The statistical test used in the analysis was one-way ANOVA (Tukey test). The IC50 values obtained from the MTT analysis of cells exposed to TTO were 0.2% for HaCaT, 0.14% for HSC-3, and 0.17% for SCC-25. For exposure to terpinen-4ol, IC50 values were 0.5%, 0.3% and 0.45% for HaCaT, HSC-3 and SCC-25, respectively. The gamma-terpinene didn't show significant cytotoxic activity, therefore it was impossible to calculate the IC50. The TTO was unable to produce mutagenicity in HSC-3 and HaCaT. The terpinen-4-ol was not mutagenic in any of the lineages tested. In conclusion, both the TTO and terpinen- 4-ol had cytotoxic capacity on HaCaT, HSC-3 and SCC-25. The TTO was unable to produce mutagenicity in HSC-3 and HaCaT. The terpinen-4-ol was not mutagenic in any of the lineages tested.
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Johansen, Bianca. "Potentiel antimicrobien de principes actifs d’origine naturelle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0242.
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Le développement de principe actif à partir de ressources naturelles pourrait être un moyen pour développer de nouvelles alternatives aux antibiotiques. L’huile essentielle d’arbre à thé est reconnue pour ses nombreuses propriétés et son activité antimicrobienne à spectre large, mais aussi pour sa toxicité et sa forte teneur en allergènes liée à sa composition en monoterpènes. Dans cette étude, nous cherchons de nouveaux principes actifs naturels issus de l’huile essentielle d’arbre à thé, qui auraient une activité antimicrobienne équivalente mais une toxicité et un pouvoir allergène réduit. Deux principes actifs ont ainsi été étudiés au cours de ce travail. Le Titroléane™, qui est une fraction de l’huile essentielle d’arbre à thé enrichi en monoterpène alcools mais avec un très faible taux de monoterpène, a montré des activités microbiologiques similaires à l’huile essentielle d’arbre à thé. La Synterpicine™ quant à elle, est uniquement composée des deux molécules majoritaires de l’huile essentielle, et présente une cytotoxicité réduite. La caractérisation de l’activité des principes actifs a été menée avec différentes méthodes d’études in vitro, pour définir leur activité inhibitrice et bactéricide, sur des bactéries planctoniques et en biofilm. Enfin, la recherche de nouvelles molécules actives au sein des principes actifs, s’est poursuivie à l’aide d’une méthode de chromatographie sur couche mince haute performance, couplée à une étude d’activité microbiologique par bioautographie. Cette étude a mis en évidence l’activité antimicrobienne de deux nouveaux principes actifs d’origine naturelle, pouvant être valorisés sur différents marchés notamment la santé humaineThe development of a natural bioactive compounds could be a mean of developing new alternatives to antibiotics. Tea tree essential oil is known for its numerous properties and its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, but also for its toxicity and its high content in allergens due to its composition in monoterpenes. In this study, we search for new natural compounds extracted from tea tree essential oil, which has equivalent antimicrobial activity but less toxicity and a reduced allergenic activity. Two bioactive compounds have been thus studied. Titroléane™ - a fraction of tea tree essential oil enriched in monoterpene alcohols but with a very low rate of monoterpenes - has shown microbiological activities similar to tea tree essential oil. As for Synterpicine™, it is only composed of the two main molecules of the essential oil, and presents a reduced cytotoxicity. The characterization of the compounds’ efficacy was carried out with different in vitro study methods, to define their inhibitory and bactericide activity, on planktonic and biofilm bacteria. Finally, the research of new active molecules within the active compounds, was pursued thanks to a high performance thin layer chromatography, paired up with a microbiological study by bioautography. This study has highlighted the antimicrobial activity of two new natural active extracts which can be valorised on different markets- especially human health
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Damato, Juliana Rizzo Gnatta. "Avaliação da eficácia antimicrobiana de sabonetes contendo óleo essencial de melaleuca alternifolia versus triclosan versus clorexidina e o impacto na adesão à higienização das mãos pelo efeito aromaterápico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-01072015-110822/.
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Introdução: Os efeitos antimicrobianos de óleos essenciais têm sido relatados na literatura científica, sobretudo referentes ao óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia, também denominado óleo essencial de Tea Tree (OTT). Tal óleo essencial apresenta propriedades antissépticas e pode representar uma alternativa de um produto natural para higienização das mãos (HM) nos estabelecimentos de assistência à saúde que atualmente utilizam predominantemente produtos à base de triclosan e clorexidina. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia antimicrobiana na higiene das mãos realizada com três diferentes formulações de sabonetes líquidos distintos, contendo: óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia a 2,0%; sabonete com triclosan a 0,5%; sabonete com clorexidina a 2,0%, bem como compreender de que forma o uso de um sabonete com óleo essencial na higienização das mãos na prática assistencial é percebido por profissionais de saúde. Métodos: Para o experimento (etapa quantitativa) foram utilizadas as diretrizes da metodologia do Comitê Europeu de Padronização, EN1499 versão abril 2013 (phase2/step2), indicada para avaliar a eficácia de antissépticos para higienização das mãos. Foram contaminadas artificialmente as mãos de 15 voluntários sadios com Escherichia coli K12, seguida pela lavagem das mãos utilizando-se cada um dos produtos em avaliação ou um sabão de referência (soft soap). Realizou-se a contagem do número de microrganismos antes (pré-valores) e após (pós-valores) cada procedimento e foi estabelecida a redução logarítmica microbiana para cada um dos participantes em cada procedimento. Os dados foram analisados aplicando-se dois testes não paramétricos. Para a obtenção dos dados qualiquantitativos realizaram-se entrevistas cujos discursos foram analisados conforme metodologia proposta pelo discurso do sujeito coletivo (DSC). Resultados: ao ser aplicado o Teste de Wilcoxon, os três sabonetes testados obtiveram resultados superiores ao do sabão de referência (soft soap) e foram considerados antimicrobianos; constatou-se ainda a superioridade do sabonete contendo OTT e contendo triclosan em relação ao sabonete com clorexidina. Quando aplicado o Teste de Friedman, os sabonetes contendo triclosan e OTT, que apresentaram eficácias equivalentes, podem ser considerados antimicrobianos. A maior parte dos profissionais tinha algum conhecimento sobre Aromaterapia (65,21%), mas menos da metade conhecia as aplicações do OTT (43,47%). Profissionais mais jovens e menos experientes acharam o aroma do OTT agradável ou forte, mas não desagradável. Profissionais mais experientes e com mais idade o associaram ao aroma de pinho e levantaram a questão de o aroma ser incômodo para alérgicos. As principais diferenças observadas entre o sabonete com OTT e os demais sabonetes da prática assistencial foram em relação a aspectos físicos, como textura mais agradável, ao aroma e ao fato de ser menos agressivo à pele. A não agressão à pele foi considerada pelos participantes como o grande diferencial do sabonete contendo OTT, sobrepondo-se, inclusive, ao fator aroma, e que poderia contribuir para aumentar a adesão à HM. Conclusão: os sabonetes contendo OTT 2,0% e contendo triclosan 0,5% demonstraram desempenho superior em relação à clorexidina 2,0%. O não ressecamento da pele por produtos de HM é fundamental para aumentar a adesão dos profissionais de saúde. Além disso, a presença do aroma no sabonete pode ou não ser um fator de estímulo.Introduction: The antimicrobial effects of essential oils have been reported in the scientific literature, especially regarding the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, also known as tea tree essential oil (TTO). This essential oil has antiseptic properties and can represent a natural-product alternative for hand hygiene (HH) in health-care settings, which currently use mainly products based on triclosan and chlorhexidine. Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy in HH performed using three distinct liquid soap formulations containing 2.0% Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil; 0.5% triclosan; 2.0% chlorhexidine and assess how using a soap with essential oil for HH in healthcare practice is perceived by health professionals. Methods: For the experiment (quantitative phase) we used the methodology guidelines of the European Committee for Standardization, EN1499 version April 2013 (phase2/step2), indicated to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptics for HH. The hands of 15 healthy volunteers were artificially contaminated with Escherichia coli K12 and then the hands were washed with each of the products being assessed or the reference soap (soft soap). The number of microorganisms was counted before (pre-values) and after (post-values) each procedure and microbial logarithmic reduction was performed for each of the participants in each procedure. Data were analyzed using two non-parametric tests. To obtain the qualiquantitative data, interviews were carried out, of which contents were analyzed according to the methodology proposed by the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD). Results: When the Wilcoxon test was applied, the three assessed soaps showed better results than the reference soap (soft soap) and were considered as exhibiting antimicrobial action; the soaps containing TTO and triclosan showed to be superior to the one containing chlorhexidine. When Friedmans test was applied, the soaps containing triclosan and TTO, which showed similar efficacy, were considered antimicrobials. Most of the professionals had some knowledge of aromatherapy (65.21%), but less than half knew about TTO uses (43.47%). Younger and less experienced professionals found the smell of TTO pleasant or strong, but not unpleasant. Older and more experienced professionals associated it to the smell of pine and raised the question of the smell being displeasing for allergic individuals. The main differences between the TTO soap and the other soaps used in health care practice were related to the physical aspects, such as a more pleasant texture, smell and the fact of its being less aggressive to the skin. The fact that it was less aggressive to the skin was perceived by participants as the great differential of the soap containing TTO, overriding even the scent factor, which could help to increase adherence to HH. Conclusion: The soaps containing 2.0% TTO and 0.5% triclosan showed superior performance when compared to the one with 2.0% chlorhexidine. The fact that a soap used in HH does not dry the skin is considered a critical point for adherence by health care professionals. Additionally, the soap smell may or may not be a stimulating factor for HH.
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Barrios, Jerusa Goi. "DESENVOLVIMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE SUSPENSÕES CONTENDO NANOCÁPSULAS DE ADAPALENO COM DIFERENTES NÚCLEOS OLEOSOS." Centro Universitário Franciscano, 2010. http://www.tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/482.
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Acne is one of the most common inflammatory conditions affecting the skin. There are several drugs to treat it, but despite the benefits of these treatments in their free form, there are common side effects to them, especially when applied topically. Among these drugs is the adapalene with comedolitic action and effects on the abnormal process of keratinization and epidermal differentiation, phenomena present in acne vulgaris. This study aimed to prepare polymer nanocapsules of adapalene through the method of interfacial deposition of preformed polymer using different oil cores (tea tree oil and Miglyol®). The suspensions were characterized by determining the pH, particle diameter, polidispersion rate, zeta potential, association rate and dosage of the drug. The stability was determined at different temperatures and under light UVA. In vitro release studies and analysis of mathematical modeling of kinetic release profiles were carried out by comparing suspensions containing adapalene polymer nanocapsules and nanodispersions and without the presence of the polymer. The formulations were stored at room temperature (25 ° C), refrigerator (-4 ° C) and oven (40 ° C) for 3 months and analyzed at 0, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after preparation. Both suspensions containing Miglyol® polymer nanocapsules (NC-AD-Miglyol®) as the tea tree oil polymer nanocapsules (NC-AD-tea tree oil) showed acidic pH, particle diameter below 300 nm and zeta potential negative. The rate of association of adapalene in the NC-AD-tea tree oil was 95.4% while the NC-AD-Miglyol® was 84.1%. The dosage of the drug showed that the NCAD- tea tree oil exerts a greater stabilizing effect than the other formulations. The shelf life estimated for the NC-AD-tea tree oil was higher when compared to nanodispersion (ND) and NC-AD-Miglyol®. Mathematical modeling showed that the ND and NC-AD-Miglyol® followed a kinetic profile, according to the mono-exponential model with half-lives of 3.53 and 8.43 hours. On the other hand, NC-AD-tea tree oil suspension followed a bi-exponential, model with half-lives of 4.07 hours for the fast phase and 230.6 hours for the sustained phase. Therefore, we can say that the adapalene formulation NC-AD-Miglyol® locates largely more externally in the polymer nanocapsule, while in the NC-AD-tea tree oil, it is dissolved in the oil core of the polymer nanocapsule, suggesting a sustained release. We evaluated the photostability of adapalene nanocoated with Miglyol® oil and tea tree oil under UVA irradiation, and concluded that the nanoencapsulation with tea tree oil increases the stability of the active, offering increased protection it from degradation. In analysis by multiple scattering of light, the suspensions showed a tendency of sedimentation, but the NC-ADMiglyol ® proved to be more likely to destabilization. The validation of the method was satisfactory for all parameters analyzed. Though the results obtained, it can be concluded that the suspension containing NC-AD-tea tree oil showed better physical and chemical characteristics and stability, representing best technological feasibility fot the pharmaceutical area.
A acne é uma das condições inflamatórias mais comuns que afetam a pele. Existem diversos fármacos para o tratamento da acne, porém apesar dos benefícios desses tratamentos na sua forma livre, existem efeitos adversos comuns a eles, principalmente quando aplicados topicamente. Dentre estes fármacos, destaca-se o adapaleno com ação comedolítica e efeitos sobre o processo anormal de queratinização e diferenciação epidérmica, fenômenos presentes na acne vulgar. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, preparar nanocápsulas poliméricas (NC) de adapaleno através do método de deposição interfacial do polímero pré-formado utilizando diferentes núcleos oleosos (Miglyol® e óleo de melaleuca). As suspensões foram caracterizadas através da determinação do pH, diâmetro de partícula, índice de polidispersão, potencial zeta, taxa de associação e doseamento do fármaco. A estabilidade foi determinada em diferentes temperaturas e frente à luz UVA; estudos de liberação in vitro e análises de modelagem matemática dos perfis cinéticos de liberação foram realizados comparando-se suspensões contendo NC de adapaleno e nanodispersões, sem a presença do polímero. As formulações foram armazenadas em temperatura ambiente (25 °C), geladeira (-4 °C) e estufa (40 °C) durante 3 meses e analisadas nos tempos 0, 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após preparação. Tanto as suspensões contendo NC com Miglyol® (NC-AD-Miglyol®) como as NC com óleo de melaleuca (NC-AD-Melaleuca) apresentaram pH ácido, diâmetro de partícula inferior a 300 nm e potencial zeta negativo. A taxa de associação do adapaleno na NC-AD-Melaleuca foi de 95,4% enquanto na NC-AD-Miglyol® foi 84,1%. Através do doseamento do ativo, concluiu-se que as NC-AD-Melaleuca exercem efeito estabilizante maior que as demais formulações. O prazo de validade estimado para a NC-AD-Melaleuca foi superior quando comparado à nanodispersão (ND) e a NC-AD-Miglyol®. A modelagem matemática demonstrou que a ND e a NC-AD-Miglyol® seguiram um perfil cinético segundo o modelo monoexponencial com tempo de meia-vida de 3,53 e 8,43 horas, respectivamente. Já a suspensão NC-AD-Melaleuca seguiu modelo biexponencial com tempo de meia-vida para a fase rápida de 4,07 horas e 230,6 horas para a fase sustentada. Pode-se concluir que o adapaleno na formulação NC-AD-Miglyol® encontra-se em grande parte mais externamente nas NC enquanto na NC-AD-Melaleuca, o fármaco encontra-se dissolvido no núcleo oleoso das NC, sugerindo dessa forma, uma liberação sustentada. Avaliou-se a fotoestabilidade do adapaleno nanoencapsulado com Miglyol® e óleo de melaleuca frente à irradiação por UVA e concluiu-se que a nanoencapsulação com óleo de melaleuca aumenta a estabilidade do ativo, protegendo-o da degradação. Em análises por espalhamento múltiplo de luz, as suspensões apresentaram tendência à sedimentação, porém a NC-AD-Miglyol® demonstrou mais probabilidade à desestabilização. A validação da metodologia apresentou resultados satisfatórios para todos os parâmetros analisados. Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a suspensão contendo NC-AD-Melaleuca apresentou melhores características físico-químicas e de estabilidade, representando melhor viabilidade tecnológica para a área farmacêutica.
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Ahlcrona, Sara. "Tee Tree Oil - Ett effektivt behandlingspreparat i tandvården?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19927.
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Tea Tree Oil eller TTO som det förkortas, är en olja som utvinns ur en australiensisk buske vid det latinska namnet Melaleuca alternifolia. Oljan har sedan många år använts som antiinflammatoriskt och bakteriedödande ämne. Denna litteraturstudie gjordes på 13 artiklar som svarade på tre sökningar i databasen PubMed. Artiklarna påvisar att TTO har en viss antibakteriell förmåga och kan fungera som antimykotiskt medel, men fler in vivo studer behövs för att säkerställa TTO:s effekt på olika parodontala åkommor.
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Lassaque, Aur��lia. "L'oeuvre th����trale de Fran��ois de Cort��te (1586-1667) . Edition critique." Phd thesis, Universit�� Paul Val��ry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00758989.
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Cette th��se de doctorat a pour objet l'��dition critique, la traduction et l'analyse de l'oeuvre th����trale compl��te de Fran��ois de Cort��te (1585-1667). Ce seigneur agenais a ��volu�� dans l'entourage d'Adrien de Monluc, m��c��ne et protecteur de nombreux auteurs de langue fran��aise et de langue occitane. Le th����tre de Cort��te, partiellement ��dit�� apr��s sa mort par ses fils, pr��sente deux pastorales qui se distinguent par un certain " souci de r��alit�� " dans la repr��sentation des bergers mis en sc��ne sur les terres dont il est le seigneur. La Miramondo explore les r��gles d'unit��s ; dans son Ramonnet Cort��te reprend l'��thnotype comique du matamore gascon dont il inverse le sens du ridicule en dessinant un des premiers portraits de francimand de la litt��rature en langue occitane ; Sancho al palays del Duc est une com��die, qui sur le mod��le de Gu��rin de Bouscal, adapte �� la sc��ne une dizaine de chapitres du second livre du Quichotte. A l'instar du po��te toulousain Pierre Godolin en po��sie, Cort��te exploite et illustre les ressources de la langue d'oc en produisant une oeuvre th����trale sur le mod��le des cr��ations contemporaines des ��lites europ��ennes. Ses trois pi��ces refl��tent la richesse et ladiversit�� de la production th����trale en France entre les ann��es 1630 et 1650 ainsi que les bouleversements qui la traversent. Cette ��dition, r��alis��e �� partir des manuscrits autographes, se veut aussi fid��le que possible au texte tout en veillant �� pr��server sa lisibilit��. Elle constitue aussi la premi��re traduction fran��aise du th����tre de Cort��te de Prades. Aucune indication de datation n'ayant ��t�� donn��e par l'auteur sur la chronologie de la composition de ses pi��ces et la bibliographie critique ��tant extr��mement r��duite, l'analyse donn��e en introduction aborde les trois pi��ces de mani��retransversale et tente de r��pondre �� cette probl��matique chronologique tout en pr��cisant et en explorant les principales questions qui d��finissent la singularit�� de cette oeuvre.
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Galand, Claire. "Etude de la présence et du rôle des lymphocytes Th17 dans le micro-environnement des lymphomes B murins." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650093.
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Le principal cancer hématologique est le lymphome B non-hodgkinien (LNH) dont la forme la plus courante est le lymphome B diffus à grande cellule (DLBCL). La présence d'un infiltrat lymphocytaire T dans le micro-environnement d'un LNH-B nodal a été clairement associée à un bon pronostic vital des patients. Le LNH-B peut se développer dans divers tissus dont certains organes immunologiquement privilégiés, comme les yeux et le cerveau, où les réponses immunitaires sont inhibées ou retardées. Mon projet de thèse a consisté à étudier les interactions tumeur-micro-environnement immunitaire dans des sites de privilège immunitaire. Nous avons comparé les infiltrats immunitaires de lymphomes B murins à grandes cellules intra-splénique, intra-cérébral et intra-oculaire par cytométrie en flux. Les lymphocytes T (LT), majoritairement CD4+, infiltrent les lymphomes B quelles que soient leurs localisations. Les Th17, une sous-population lymphocytaire CD4+ produisant de l'IL-17, sont présents dans les 3 sites tumoraux et nous avons démontré leur rôle anti-tumoral dans le lymphome intra-oculaire. Cependant, nous avons mis en évidence l'impact suppresseur des Treg sur les LT effecteurs dans les organes immunologiquement privilégiés uniquement, par stimulation ex vivo des LT et déplétion in vivo des Treg. Lorsque cette inhibition est levée, la progression tumorale est ralentie et d'autres sous-populations T CD4+ sont favorisées en fonction de la localisation de la tumeur : les Th2 dans l'œil et les Th17 dans le cerveau. L'ensemble de ces données montre l'importance des LT effecteurs dans le contrôle du développement du lymphome B à grandes cellules y compris dans les sites immunologiquement privilégiés. Une piste importante à explorer serait de stimuler les LT effecteurs en tenant compte de la localisation pour améliorer le traitement des DLBCL.
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KUO, HUA-CHUN, and 郭化鈞. "Innovative Business Model Design of Tea Tree Essential Oil." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9rqzr6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士實踐大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
105
Tea tree essential oil is widely used in beauty products, cleaning products, antibacterial products, anti-inflammatory products and aromatherapy industry, etc. In Taiwan market, tea tree essential oil is divided into local production and imported product of two sources, the majority of the products are imported, but the domestic market is full with a variety of sources, different quality of tea tree essential oil and its derivative products, and the price range is also very wide, causing consumers not easy to know whether the use of the product is safe and effective. Although, the local tea tree essential oil's production cost is relatively higher than imported products. as a consequence of relatively weak price competition. However, one of the current major market issue is that lack of standard and inspection and certification and product history verification and even the application of products value-added, etc., To address these issues will help local tea tree essential oil suppliers to be more competitive and easier to enter the market. This study is the introduction of the platform of economical conceptual design business model, planning in series, to combine the high,middle stream of the producers and suppliers and also the low stream of the consumers of Taiwan's tea tree oil industry, in order to create a mutually beneficial model to both suppliers and users and increase the product diversification and reduce costs and enhance value, to improve the industry platform to create market demand.and also, to build up a supply chain to value and better communication to consumers, to promote multilateral interaction to market and then create more demand, and also use of the platform of products Certification management mechanism to assure the products to be widely accepted by market and consumers.
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Chen, Li-Wei, and 陳立偉. "Safety and efficacy evaluation of tea tree oil for acne." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73455271094338431742.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北醫學大學
生藥學研究所
96
Tea tree oil (TTO) is one of the essential oils that are popularly used in cosmetics and mending agents. TTO, the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, is used in aromatherapy and has been investigated as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. However, TTOs can cause skin irritation at high concentrations. In this study, we explored the safety and efficient dosage of TTO and investigated the mechanism of TTO-induced skin irritation between with its components. The clinical trial literatures with randomized and double blinding design were very rare and Jadad score very low. Therefore, we executed following animal experimental research. Tea tree oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and five brands commercial TTOs were purchased in Taiwan market. All compositions fit with International Standard 4730 guideline for TTO. In the followings, we established anti-Staphylococcal activity and safety evaluation for skin irritations of TTOs in rats. The antibacterial effects of 12 kinds of TTO’s components, extracted and commercial TTOs were measured by agar well diffusion method. Terpinolene (MIC 6.25%, MBC 100%), α-terpinene (MIC 6.25%, MBC 25%), and α-terpineol (MIC 10%, MBC 40%) were the major components in TTOs and exhibited most potent antibacterial activity. According to the above results, we designed the formulated TTOs. Formulated TTOs were more effect than extracted TTO but not as well as commercial one. Allergic contact dermatitis model was established by neomycin irritations. The extracted TTO showed significant skin irritation at more than 2%/site, 1,8-cineole and terpinen-4-ol no significant dermal toxicity. Continued smear 2%/site TTO on Wistar rats skin for 28 days, GOT, GPT, BUN and creatinine of rats in serum did not significantly changed. We suggested TTO did not damage in the function of liver and kidney under 2%/site smear on skin for 28 days. According to efficacy and safety literature review of evidence-based medicine and experimental research of TTO for acne treatment, TTOs were ability for Staphylococcus aureus inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity. Topical used with low dose of TTOs rather than oral administration will not cause harm to health.
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Igras, Emma Toni. "Tea tree oil derived plasma polymer films: biocompatibility, antibiofilm effects and fundamental properties." Thesis, 2012. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/29140/1/29140_Igras_2012_thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Novel plasma polymer thin films derived from tea tree oil have the potential to act as biocompatible, infection resistant surface coatings for medical implants. In order to prove or disprove this hypothesis, variant thin films were manufactured then characterized by determining a set of fundamental properties. Polymers were tested for biocompatibility by murine implantation and semi-quantitative histological analysis of the implant site. Finally polymer infection resistance was assessed by enumeration of bacterial biofilm growth onto polymer housed within a biofilm culture circuit.
Background: Implanted medical devices (IMDs) are ensconced in all areas of modern healthcare and their role is expanding. IMDs encompass a broad spectrum of temporary and permanent devices including catheters, sutures, joint replacements, intraocular lenses and cardiac valves to name a few. Demand for medical implants is fuelled by an aging Western population where devices replace damaged, worn and diseased tissues, aid in administration of supportive therapies or act as diagnostic equipment. Development of increasingly sophisticated implanted medical devices is greatly facilitated by advancing analytic, production, materials and information technologies. In combination, demand for medical implants and the ability to produce them support a large scale, multi-billion dollar medical implant industry. The two main causes of IMD failure are lack of biocompatibility and biofilm related implant infection. A biocompatible surface treatment that kills biofilm therefore has potential to reduce the massive morbidity and financial burdens associated with failed medical implants. Since the advent of modern implant medicine, a select group of 20 or so synthetic, biocompatible polymers including poly(ethylene), poly(urethane) and poly(vinyl chloride) have dominated implant production. Although touting excellent biocompatibility profiles, none of these well used biopolymers demonstrate active antibiofilm activity. Attempts to confer infection resistance to medical implants based on traditional polymers have proven expensive, contributed to bacterial resistance and have shown little efficacy. The major obstacle to reducing IMD infection is pathological biofilm. Biofilm is a tenacious form of resistant bacteria sequestered in a protective matrix irreversibly attached to an implant surface. The medical device industry’s quest for a biocompatible surface polymer with durable antibiofilm effects is ongoing. Tea tree oil (TTO) is an essential oil harvested from an Australian plant and it kills bacterial biofilm. TTO vapor can be used to create novel surface coatings through plasma polymerization. Plasma polymers are a new and unique class of biocompatible thin films that adhere to almost any surface. Under controlled production parameters, plasma polymers inherit desirable functional groups from parent monomer. Plasma polymer films built from TTO may therefore exhibit the class property of biocompatibility and preserve antibiofilm functions of essential oil precursors. If so, TTO plasma polymer thin films have potential as a new breed of biocompatible, anti-infective medical implant coatings.
Methods: TTO derived plasma polymer thin films were generated in the laboratory under three different power parameters (25, 50 and 75 W). Biocompatibility of novel polymer thin films was determined by implanting polymer coated discs into BALB/c mice. Explanted specimens were scrutinized histo-pathologically and compared to biocompatible controls using a semi-quantitative descriptor. Antibiofilm effect was gauged by quantifying biofilm growth on polymer films placed into a biofilm culture circuit. Clinically relevant Staphylococcal bacterial isolates were sourced to populate the biofilm generating circuit. The new materials underwent limited and relevant fundamental properties testing as a characterization tool. Properties assessed included film thickness as a function of deposition time, surface topography, hardness, degradation on exposure to ethanol and water, refractive index and dielectric constant.
Results: Results of biocompatibility testing showed little significant difference between TTO derived plasma polymers and control. Skin-implant interactions culminating in sinus formation were the main complication. Microscopically, tissue capsules around TTO polymer implants matured more quickly than control capsules but by 28 days groups were equal in capsular maturity. Small numbers made for weak statistical conclusions. Novel TTO derived plasma polymer thin films were not born out as antibiofilm coatings. PTFE control surfaces placed within the biofilm culture circuit produced fewer colony forming units than any TTO polymer film (p<0.01). All TTO polymer variants behaved similarly. S.epidermidis made less biofilm than S.aureus. Production times for plasma polymer thin films were short with films in the micron range deposited in less than an hour. A quadratic relationship between film thickness and deposition time was noted. As a group, the films were extremely smooth and pinhole free with hardness (0.5 to 0.8 GPa) and dielectric constant (2.46 to 2.63) comparable to conventional medical grade polymer coatings. Refractive index of 1.5 was consistent with film transparency similar to standard glass. Films degraded more rapidly in alcohol than in water.
Conclusions and Implications: TTO derived plasma polymer thin films are a new class of biocompatible surface treatments with potential to act as coatings for IMDs. Fundamental property analysis shows polymers can be produced in a time efficient manner and share similar physical properties with traditionally employed medical polymers. The films were not deemed to have antibiofilm effects. Several avenues of investigation are suggested in order to define the potentials and limitations of TTO plasma polymer thin films as medical coatings. Isolation of the functional antimicrobial moieties from the blend of monomers within TTO would lead to more tailored substrate selection. Expansion and control of polymer fabrication parameters would support discovery of the spectrum of product that can be manufactured and any adjustable polymer properties. Detailed chemical, molecular and structural analysis of films would help better characterize the surfaces. Interaction of films with biofilm and host could then be better understood and optimized leading to improved biocompatibility and antibiofilm performance.
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Webb, Hamish Oscar. "The genetics of oil yield in Melaleuca alternifolia and Eucalyptus loxophleba." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/16079.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic improvement of essential Myrtaceae based oil crops is vital to
the long-term health and profitability of Australian essential oil industries.
Improving oil yield and efficiency is an important part of maintaining the
competitive advantage that Australian industries currently hold over
international competitors. Over the last 20 years, gains in oil yield have
been made through the tea tree breeding programme, which has helped
the industry get to where it is today. This work needs to continue to
advance, for the health of the industry into the future. Using molecular
techniques to facilitate this is the best way forward for the industry.
To better understand how oil yield is controlled in both tea tree
(Melaleuca alternifolia) and York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba) within
Australia, I first investigated whether gene expression had an effect on
oil yield in M. alternifolia. In this study I investigated the transcript
abundance of 13 genes (dxr, dxs2, dxs3, cmk, mcs, mct, hds, mvk,
hmgs1, pmd1, ippi1, ippi2 and gpps) in 48 individuals that varied in oil
yield. The expression of all genes in the pathway explained 87% (R2 =
0.87) of variation in oil yield, These result are important in that they show
that oil yield isnʼt just controlled by one or two genes in the biosynthetic
pathway, but is influenced by multiple genes and that interactions
between these genes is an important determinant of oil yield.
Two genetic association studies were performed to identify variation
within candidate genes that can be used as molecular markers in the
respective breeding programmes of M. alternifolia and E. loxophleba.
Both these studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
within candidate genes that have an effect on economically important
traits and in M. alternifolia a number of these SNPs were then
successfully validated within the breeding programme genetic stock. The
next step is incorporating the information generated in this thesis about
the genetics of oil yield into the respective breeding programmes of both
species. Doing this is likely to increase the gains in oil yield made
through selective breeding and help secure the long-term future of these
iconic Australian industries.
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Lin, Nan-Ho, and 林男和. "Development and characteristic analysis on steaming type Australian tea tree essential oil distillation system." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60433804758842988573.
Full textAbstract:
碩士建國科技大學
自動化工程系暨機電光系統研究所
101
A steaming type distillation system applied for Australian tree essential oil（ATTEO） was developed to improve the quality as well as extracting ratio of ATTEO. This system consisted of a boiler, a condensing tube, a radiator, a cooling tank and an automatic control device which may record and monitor the temperature of facilities in system. Experimental results showed that the maximum extraction ratio of ATTEO would be 2.07%, A characteristics analysis to the distillated ATTEO using GC-MS spectrometry instrument showed that the content of Terpinen-4-ol is about 35.74% and 1,8-Cineole 5.21% respectively. These data would be complied with the standard of the quality of the ATTEO made by Standards Association of Australia, SAA. This steaming type distillation system may improve the productivity of the domestic ATTEO providers in Taiwan and promote their technical capabilityies.
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Pei-TzuYang and 楊沛子. "Study on Optimization of Surfactant Enhanced Extraction of Tea Tree Oil using Response Surface Methodology." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e532ca.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系
106
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of added surfactant (Tween 20), the ratio of extractant liquid/ Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) leaf (aka, liquid/solid ratio), extraction time and the block on the extraction yield of tea tree oil (TTO). A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the processing condition of the extraction from tea tree leaves. The significant interactions of factors terms were the extraction time and the cross factor of extraction time×extraction time. Moreover, the optimal processing conditions showed as follows: concentration of surfactant: 3000 ppm, liquid/solid ratio: 22.5, and the processing time: 135 min. Under these conditions, the confirmation experiment was close to the predicted values calculated from the polynomial response surface model equation with a corrected factor. The composition of tea tree oil of the CCD was analyzed by GC-FID. The higher levels of main component, terpinen-4-ol, was found in short extraction time. The tea tree oil was focused on the stability of its microemulsion formulations compared to the commercial tea tree oil, antibacterial and anticancer properties. Tea tree oil had higher solubility in the microemulsion formulation than the commercial tea tree oil. Moreover, the stability of the microemulsion was determined by particle size measurement with dynamic light scattering (DLS) machine. Both of their microemulsion were stable for over 30 days. To evaluate the antibacterial activity, the disc diffusion method under in vitro conditions was prepared. Tea tree oil has fairly better antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TOP10 and Staphylococcus aureus than the commercial tea tree oil. In addition, dose-dependent cytotoxicity of tea tree oil towards human tumor cell line, MG-63, was using the MTT assay. The IC50 values were given 0.021% (v/v) at 24 h and 0.015% (v/v) at 48 h for MG-63 respectively.
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Jung-HsuanChou and 周容萱. "Study on Optimization for Enhancing Extraction by Hydrodistillation of Tea Tree Oil with Surfactant Tween 80." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m6pnt7.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系
107
In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to evaluate the effects of process parameters of hydrodistillation for extraction of tea tree oil (TTO) in presence of a nonionic surfactant - Tween 80. These process parameters include the surfactant concentration, the extraction time and the liquid/solid ratio on the extraction yield of TTO were investigated. Results showed that the data were adequately fitted into the second-order polynomial model, in which the extraction time had a significant effect on the extraction yield of TTO. It was predicted that the optimum extraction condition is 2700 ppm as the concentration of Tween 80 in hydro-distill, 140 min for extraction time and liquid/solid ratio at 11.6. Under these optimal conditions, the extraction yield of tea tee oil was 5.48%. The kinetics model of oil extraction comprised two stages of washing and diffusion. The surfactant added could increase both kinetic parameters. The components of tea tree oil were analyzed with gas chromatography (GC), while HPLC was employed to analyze the quantity of Tween 80 present in the extracted TTO. The oil obtained under the optimal extraction condition underwent further tests for the stability of its microemulsion formulation with Tween 80, as well as its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The maximum amount of tea tree oil that could be solubilized within the micelles increased with an increasing concentration of Tween 80. The microemulsion made with TTO in 5 wt% Tween 80 was stable for over 30 days. Antioxidant activity of tea tree oil was determined using the DPPH assay. The EC50 value was 75.07 mg/g. The -terpinene, one main ingredient of TTO, exhibited good antioxidant activity, while its EC50 was 45.85 mg/g. The antibacterial activity of tea tree oil was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the agar disk-diffusion method and the broth dilution. Tea tree oil displayed the superior antimicrobial properties evaluated by the disk-diffusion assay. The MBC values for tea tree oil against E. coli and S. aureus were 8.77 and 6.08 mg/mL, respectively.
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Butcher, Penelope Ann. "Genetic diversity in Melaleuca alternifolia : implications for breeding to improve production of Australian tea tree oil." Phd thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/140652.
Full text
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Hsueh, Yi-wen, and 薛怡雯. "Developing a Tea Tree Oil-Containing Silk Fibroin Protein Membranes and Evaluating their effect on the Skin Acne Infection." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xypyem.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
醫學工程研究所
102
In this study, we used the way of casting to mix Silk and PVA together to generate a composite membrane, i.e., Non-porous-Silk Fibroin Protein Membranes (NP-SFPM) and subsequently used NaCl to creat pores in the NP-SFPM (Porous-Silk Fibroin Protein Membranes, P-SFPM),for increasing its permeability. We also added Tea Tree Oil (TTO) to abovementioned membranes and then assessed its efficacy on the treatment of skin acne infection.In this study, we found that silk fibroin protein membranes (SFPM) doesn’t have significant cytotoxicity under appropriate amount of TTO addition. When the content of TTO added to NP-SFPM and P-SFPM up to 25 μL , cell viability decreased to, 67.5 ± 4.0% and 49.3 ± 8.2%. Thus, we choose 3.125 μL, 6.25 μL, and 12.5 μL for the following anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial studies. The experiments prove that the SFPM exhibits a slight anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, under a small amount of extra TTO addition, our membranes show remarkable ability on inhibiting the NO formation in LPS-induced giant macrophages (Raw 264.7). In inhibiting the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) experiments, we found that SFPM has mild anti-bacterial effect (78% of bacteriosis), and in the case of 12.5 μL TTO addition, the inhibition ratio can reach approximately 98-99%. In animal model evaluation, we found that increasing the numbers of treatment day, the inhibition rates of P. acnes in the experimental group are significantly increased. Conclusively, we successfully develop a SFP-based membrane, which is potentially useful on the treatment of skin acne problem.
30
Chen, Po-Yu, and 陳柏諭. "The Mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of water-soluble components of tea tree oil in LPS-induced murine macrophage." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06173804302631978471.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防醫學院
生物化學研究所
97
Tea tree oil (MAC) is the essential oil from the Australian native plant, Melaleuca alternifolia. Previous studies indicated that MAC and its’ main water-soluble component, terpinen-4-ol, suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) in human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible rate-limiting enzyme, catalyzes heme into carbon monoxide (CO), free iron, and biliverdin. This enzyme has been suggested to play a regulatory role in the resolution phase of inflammation and is considered as a potential therapeutic target for treating inflammatory diseases. Moreover, it is known that HO-1 and CO can inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in activated macrophages via inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). This study aims to delineate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of MAC and terpinen-4-ol in LPS-treated Raw264.7 cells, a model system of macrophages. Our results showed that MAC increased HO-1 expression in Raw264.7 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that HO-1 was induced via p38 and JNK activation, evident at 3h, and reached maximal after 12 h. In addition to, we showed that MAC increased activation and nuclear translocation of important transcription facot Nrf2 of HO-1 induction via MAPK and PI-3K signal transduction pathway. Addition of MAC for 12h prior to LPS treatment of marcophages significantly decreased iNOS expression, NO production, and NF-κB activation. Use of Tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPPIX), an HO-1 inhibitor, abolished the inhibitory effects of MAC on iNOS expression, NO production and NF-κB activation. Collectively, our results suggest that MAC inhibit iNOS expression, NO production, and NF-κB activation in LPS-stimulated macrophages through a mechanism that involves the action of HO-1.
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CHAO, PEI CHI, and 趙珮琪. "Effects of Four-Week Smear of Pure Tea Tree Essential Oil Balm on Female Nurses in Xinzhuang、Wugu、Taishan School in Stress Relief." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e4kf27.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
運動保健研究所
105
Purpose：The purpose of this research is to examine about the effect on alleviating the mental stress and improving the quality of life for school female nurses by applying pure tea tree essential oil balm for 4 weeks. Methodology：Test takers in the research are 50 school female nurses in total. They are working as among the public elementary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools and vocational high schools from Hsin Chuang District, Wu Gu District, and Taishan District in New Taipei City. Test takers are divided in two groups-- 25 persons in the experimental group and 25 persons in the control group. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version are indicators of mental stress alleviation. The experimental group takers apply pure essential oil balm from 1st to 4th week, and they have to fill in PSS and WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version before the 1st week when experiment starts, also the 5th week and the 9th week when experiment finished. The control group takers apply pure tea tree essential oil balm from 5th to 9th week, and they have to fill in PSS and WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version before the 4th week when experiment starts and the 9th week when experiment finished. In addition, in 1st, 5th, and 9th week. By the figures presentation of PSS, WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version, we can analyze if applying a four-week pure tea tree essential oil balm effect on alleviating the mental stress for school female nurses. The data of this research is analyzed by SPSS20.0. It analyzed the relationship between test takers’ basic attributes and the pre-measured mental stress and life quality according to independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance while paired samples t test (paired t test) analyzed the different stress perception at the period of before and after applying pure tea tree essential oil balm. Results：1. The basic attributes of the subjects and the measured pressure only with (1) working years (2) the type of school size (3) the current life satisfaction has a significant relationship. 2. The two groups of school nurses in the four weeks after applying pure tea tree essential oil balm, the pressure awareness questionnaire score significantly reduced and significantly improved the quality of life, both significant differences. 3. The pre-experimental group in the use of four weeks after the application of unilateral tea tree ointment to stop wiping,and then continue to observe the four weeks after the PSS score, quality of life scores and pre-test were no significant difference. Conclusion： This research shows that applying pure tea tree essential oil balm for 4 weeks, the school female nurses can effectively reduce the stress perception, improve the quality of life, then achieve the effect on alleviating the mental stress，but the effect can not be extended for four weeks.
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Barradas, Maria Inês Mourão Benites dos Santos. "Melaleuca alternifolia: Evidência Científica." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/97835.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de MedicinaMelaleuca alternifolia, commonly known as tea tree, is a plant native to Australia that belongs to the Myrtaceae family. This plant has a long ancestral use and came to be the subject of a monograph by the European Medicines Agency.This article aims at a critical review of the available literature regarding the medical applications of Melaleuca alternifolia. To this end, a careful search for scientific articles and clinical trials was carried out, regarding therapeutic opportunities and possible new lines of investigation.The main pharmacological mechanisms and the different chemical constituents present in this essential oil will be described, with emphasis on terpinenes. Overall, topical application has a good safety profile, although an aqueous dilution or other carrier oil may be necessary to minimize potential minor adverse effects. Oral administration, particularly in high concentrations, is not recommended due to the risk of systemic muscle and neurological effects. There are no topical, cutaneous or mucous pharmacological interactions reported. Continued use has a potential risk of contact allergy due to cellular sensitization.The antimicrobial effect of Melaleuca alternifolia has been extensively reported, particularly for fungi (Candida albicans and Trichophyton spp.); gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA strains), gram negative bacteria (E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae); parasites (Pediculus humanus, Phthirus pubis, Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma spp.) and viruses (Coxsackie B1, HSV-1, HSV-2 and HPV). In this context, this phytopharmaceutical has numerous clinical applications.In cutaneous pathology, we highlight the therapeutic efficacy in acne, folliculitis, in the symptomatic relief of pruritic dermatitis, in different types of dermophytosis and in pediculosis. In oral pathology, topical use has shown evidence in the control of biofilm and in infectious and inflammatory processes. In vulvovaginal candidiasis, clinical efficacy has been observed and a potent effect on cutaneous-mucous biofilm has been sustained with potential implications in patients with recurrent forms or resistant to antifungal therapy. In view of the electivity for different strains of Staphylococcus, this essential oil can be a therapeutic opportunity in atopic dermatitis.In experimental research, antioxidant activity and numerous cellular processes with oncoprotective effect have been evidenced. Therefore, these effects can potentially widen the spectrum of Melaleuca alternifolia.The growing number of multidrug-resistant microorganisms turns this medicinal plant into a target of interest in current scientific research, enabling its rational and sustained clinical application.
Melaleuca alternifolia, vulgarmente conhecida como árvore-do-chá, é uma planta nativa da Austrália que pertence à família Myrtaceae. Esta planta tem um longo uso ancestral e veio a ser objeto de monografia pela European Medicines Agency.Este artigo tem por objetivo uma revisão crítica da literatura disponível referente às aplicações médicas da Melaleuca alternifolia. Para o efeito, procedeu-se à pesquisa criteriosa de artigos científicos e ensaios clínicos que atentem às oportunidades terapêuticas e eventuais novas linhas de investigação.Serão descritos os diferentes constituintes químicos presentes neste óleo essencial, com destaque para os terpinenos, e os principais mecanismos farmacológicos. Globalmente, a aplicação tópica apresenta um bom perfil de segurança, embora possa ser necessária uma diluição aquosa ou noutro óleo veicular para minimizar potenciais efeitos adversos minor. A administração por via oral, particularmente em concentrações elevadas não está recomendada pelo risco de efeitos sistémicos musculares e neurológicos. Não estão reportadas interacções farmacológicas em administração tópica, cutânea ou mucosa. Uma utilização continuada tem risco potencial de alergia de contacto por sensibilização celular.O efeito antimicrobiológico da Melaleuca alternifolia tem sido profusamente reportado, particularmente para fungos (Candida albicans e Trichophyton spp.); bactérias gram positivas (Streptococcus spp. e Staphylococcus aureus incluindo estirpes MRSA), gram negativas (E. coli e Klebsiella pneumoniae); parasitas (Pediculus humanus, Phthirus pubis, Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma spp.) e vírus (Coxsackie B1, HSV-1, HSV-2 e HPV).Neste contexto, este fitofármaco tem tido aplicação em inúmeras áreas clínicas.Em patologia cutânea, salientam-se a eficácia terapêutica na acne, foliculite, no alívio sintomático de dermatites pruriginosas, diferentes tipos de dermofitoses e na pediculose. Em patologia oral a utilização tópica tem demonstrado evidência no controlo do biofilme e em processos infeciosos e inflamatórios. Na candidíase vulvovaginal tem sido observada eficácia clínica e é sustentado um potente efeito no biofilme cutâneo-mucoso com potenciais implicações em doentes com formas recorrentes e resistentes à terapêutica antifúngica. Face à electividade para diferentes estirpes de Staphylococcus, este óleo essencial pode constituir uma oportunidade terapêutica na dermatite atópica.Em investigação experimental tem sido evidenciada atividade antioxidativa e intervenção em inúmeros processos celulares com efeito oncoprotector, pelo que estes efeitos alargam o espetro potencial da Melaleuca alternifolia.O número crescente de microrganismos multirresistentes fazem desta planta medicinal um alvo de interesse na investigação científica atual, propiciando a sua aplicação com base científica em algumas situações da prática clínica de forma racional e sustentada.
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Su, Yu-Ting, and 蘇郁婷. "Effects of storage conditions on the composition of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oils." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35eaa9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
木質材料與設計學系研究所
107
The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological conditions, the preparation process of essential oils, storage time and environmental factors on the components of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil. Among all the experiments, this study focused on the storage conditions by changing storage time, temperature, light and storage containers with different colors to explore the changes of main components such as α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, terpinen-4, 1,8-cineole and p-cymene in tea tree oil.to find the best storage conditions for obtaining the quality of tea tree oil. The results show that the components of tea tree oils were susceptible to locations, growth period, leaf age, flowering period, storage time of the leaves after harvesting and extraction methods of essential oil. Therefore, it is necessary to uniform the conditions according to the requirements to maintain the quality of essential oil during extraction. In terms of storage conditions, time has the greatest effects on the composition of essential oils. Followed by temperature and containers, which noticeably affected the proportion of α-terpinene, γ-terpinene and p-cymene. According to the results, the best conditions for maintaining the stability of the components during the storage of essential oils for one year were kept in a low temperature (freezing) and brown container.
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Chen, Kuei-Lan, and 陳桂蘭. "Study on the Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils of Australian Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and their Effect on the Human Heart Beat Variability and Meridian Energy by inhalation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89909557191877964977.
Full textAbstract:
碩士經國管理暨健康學院
健康產業管理研究所
102
In recent years essential oils from plants, the key role in the aromatherapy, have often been misleadingly labeled. Most consumers are in lack of information of aromatherapy, being unable to distinguish the authenticity of essential oils. In addition, some vendors even have adopted demagogic strategies to sell products which have badly disguised the true healing value of natural oils from herbs and plants. The Australian tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) was a must-have essential oil item in aromatherapy. While most studies had focused on its antimicrobial effects,this study was aimed to compare the chemical compositions of the commercially available tea tree oils in Taiwan. These samples were either extracted in Taiwan or imported abroad, with various geographical locations, yet were claimed to be from same origin. Thus, this study would provide a better understanding regarding the authenticity of essential oils sold in Taiwan. Totally 20 samples of tea tree essential oils produced from six geological areas were collected from different brands and vendors in Taiwan, either domestic or foreign sources. These sample oils were confirmed to be from the same origin, Melaleuca alternifolia. From the chemical composition analysis by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and a comparison by clustering analysis, it was found that most of the 20 samples fit to the ranges of the guideline provided by ISO international standard, yet, products extracted from plants growing in different environments still showed different clustering effect. Only few samples showed minor deviations from the ISO guidelines. Three out of the twenty oil samples were selected, one was the essential oil distilled with crops from Chiayi, Taiwan (S06), another one was a name-brand Australian product which was selected as the standard tea tree oil for comparison (S12), and an obvious adulteration containing synthetic chemicals (S20). Experiments on the inhalation of these selected essential oils by eleven healthy volunteers were conducted, their heart rate variability and meridian energy were quantitatively measured, and the nonparametric tests and the data analysis as an auxiliary observation were then followed. It was found from the heart rate variability that at least 15 minutes of rest was required before any measuring practices were performed in order to obtain the stable state of autonomic nervous system. The inhalation effects of Samples S06 and S12 on human ANS activities varied a lot. Some showed enhancing, some showed reducing, yet with rarely any complaints of discomfort; on the other hand, the synthetic S20 showed a rather reducing effect on ANS system, all volunteers complaining about discomfort with headache and nausea. Similar results were found also in the meridian energy tests. It is rationalized in general that the ISO-complied essential oils imposed less harm to the sympathetic nerves, in contrast to the synthetic oils which caused severe discomfort, and prolong inhalation of them may cause great harm on the nerve system. An important inference from this study is that ISO standard indeed provides a great guideline for regulation, but it’s impossible for ISO standard to provide hundreds of chemical compositions from natural sources. Therefore, anyone purposely intends to mix the marker ingredients by ISO guidelines may then “make” the essential oil. Secondly, alteration may be conducted by adding more therapeutic ingredients to promote its percentage in an oil. Moreover, by the characteristics of natural products, the deviation of individual chemical composition may vary greatly to different ranges. Therefore, it seems in-appropriate to have ISO standards of one species from a single area which may mistakenly misjudged naturally good products from different areas. Hence, whether essential oil products can be claimed as natural does require a more in-depth study. Since amount of the key ingredients of the Australian tea tree oil may vary from different area even with identical species, it is thus recommended that a data bank on the locally produced commercial essential oils is to be established by the local government and strong administrative regulations. It is not recommended to adopt the ISO standards directly from other resources.